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WO2001003887A1 - Procede et appareil d'usinage et de traitement de materiaux - Google Patents

Procede et appareil d'usinage et de traitement de materiaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001003887A1
WO2001003887A1 PCT/AU2000/000837 AU0000837W WO0103887A1 WO 2001003887 A1 WO2001003887 A1 WO 2001003887A1 AU 0000837 W AU0000837 W AU 0000837W WO 0103887 A1 WO0103887 A1 WO 0103887A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
ice particles
high pressure
range
carrier fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2000/000837
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Elias Siores
Frank Lin Chen
Andreas Wilfried Momber
Original Assignee
Swinburne Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swinburne Limited filed Critical Swinburne Limited
Priority to AU56651/00A priority Critical patent/AU5665100A/en
Publication of WO2001003887A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001003887A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/10—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by heating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for machining and processing of materials.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel method and apparatus for machining and processing of materials, particularly engineering materials, which offer advantages over the prior art.
  • a method of machining and processing a workpiece including the steps of applying a cooling fluid to a surface of the workpiece to generate sudden temperature reduction on said surface, generating ice particles from water droplets, entraining the ice particles in a high pressure stream of a carrier fluid, and directing a jet of said carrier fluid and entrained ice particles at said surface.
  • the invention also provides apparatus for machining and processing of materials including cooling means for applying a cooling fluid to a surface of the workpiece, means for generating ice particles from water droplets, mixing means for mixing the ice particles into a high pressure stream of a carrier fluid, and a nozzle for directing a jet of the carrier fluid and entrained ice particles at said surface.
  • the treatment can include a number of different types of treatments including the following treatments: cleaning and decontamination of engineering surfaces profiling of engineering surfaces deburring of engineering materials cutting of engineering materials piercing and drilling of engineering materials milling of engineering materials turning of engineering materials polishing of engineering materials assisting in conventional materials processing methods removing paint or graffiti from surfaces and any combination of these.
  • the cooling fluid is liquid nitrogen.
  • the ice particles are in the range 100 to 300 microns.
  • the water flow rate is in the range 1 to 2 litres per minute and preferably
  • the ice flow rate is in the range 100 to 300 grams of ice per minute and typically 240 grams of ice per minute.
  • the ratio of ice mass to water jet mass is in the range 15% to 25%.
  • the ratio of ice volume to water volume flow rate is in the range 16% to
  • the water pressure is in the range 2000 to 4000 bar.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of a cryogenic jet system incorporating the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a more detailed schematic diagram of a heat exchanger
  • FIGURE 3 is a more detailed cross-sectional view through one form of nozzle
  • FIGURE 4 is a more detailed cross-sectional view through a second form of nozzle
  • FIGURE 5 is a graph showing variation of cutting speed versus cutting thickness for different materials.
  • FIG. 1 diagrammatical ly illustrates a cryogenic jet system 30 having a cutting nozzle 23 for directing a jet of high velocity ice and water at a workpiece 27.
  • the jet can be used for treating the workpiece 27 in a variety of ways including cleaning and decontamination, profiling, deburring, cutting, piercing and drilling, milling, turning, polishing, and removing paint or graffiti from the workpiece.
  • the surface 31 ofthe workpiece to be treated is pre-cooled prior to application of the water/ice jet from the nozzle 23.
  • the system shown in Figure 1 includes a water treatment unit 1 for coarse filtering of the water, which receives water from an inlet line 32.
  • the outlet of the water treatment unit 1 is coupled to a booster pump 2, the outlet of which is connected to a water high pressure intensifier 7 through a filter 4 and split valve 3.
  • An hydraulic pump motor 6 is provided to drive an hydraulic radial displacement pump (not shown) in the intensifier 7.
  • An oil reservoir 5 is provided as part of the hydraulic fluid circuit for the pump motor 6.
  • the outlet of the intensifier 7 is coupled to a high pressure water line 29.
  • the temperature of the water at this point is about 45°C and the pressure in the range 2000 to 4000 bar.
  • the system includes a main heat exchanger 17 which performs a variety of functions, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the heat exchanger 17 contains liquid nitrogen which is supplied by a liquid nitrogen delivery line 14 which is coupled to a liquid nitrogen storage tank 16 via a cryogenic pump 15.
  • the high pressure water line 29 is coupled to the inlet of a high pressure heat exchanger coil 8 which includes a plurality of convolutions within the exchanger 17, typically about 7.
  • the outlet ofthe coil 8 is coupled to an inlet line 32 which is connected to an inlet 33 of the cutting nozzle 23.
  • the temperature of the water supplied to the inlet 33 is about 5°C and the pressure is in the range 2000 to 4000 bar.
  • a plurality of vertically extending finned tubes 12 Located within the core of the heat exchanger 17 is a plurality of vertically extending finned tubes 12, the exterior surfaces of which are exposed to the liquid nitrogen for cooling purposes.
  • Water droplet spray nozzles 11 are provided at the tops of each of the tubes 12 for spraying water droplets into the interior of the tubes.
  • the water droplets quickly freeze into ice particles which are collected in a funnel 18 for delivery to an insulated hopper 19, the output of which has coupled thereto a metering system 34 for controlling the rate of discharge of ice particles from the hopper.
  • the water droplet spray nozzles 1 1 are supplied with water from a distributing chamber 10 which receives cooled water from a low pressure heat exchanger coil 9 via a supply line 35.
  • the input to the low pressure coil 9 is coupled to a supply line 28 which receives water from the split valve 3.
  • the ratio of the volume of water to the high pressure coil 8 to the low pressure coil 9 is 1 :0.25.
  • the water supplied to the distributing chamber 10 is typically at 5°C.
  • the distributing chamber 10 may be replaced by a pneumatically or electrically driven split valve which is arranged to open and close lines which lead to the nozzles 1 1 for controlling the flow rate of water thereto.
  • the spray nozzles 1 1 can be controlled so as to vary the size of the water droplets they produce.
  • Conventional water spraying nozzles can be used.
  • air driven spraying devices can be used.
  • electrically or ultrasonically driven sprayers could . also be utilised.
  • the nozzles 11 are adjusted so as to produce a controlled size of water droplets which produce ice particles in the range 100 to 300 microns.
  • the temperature of the ice particles in the hopper 19 or delivered to the nozzle 23 is in the range -10°C to -5°C.
  • a liquid nitrogen supply line 36 is connected from the bottom of the heat exchanger 17 to supply liquid nitrogen to the nozzle 23, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the heat exchange tank 17 is preferably cylindrical having a sidewall which typically is of 1.5 metres diameter.
  • the high pressure heat exchange coil preferably has about six to ten convolutions in the liquid nitrogen in the vessel.
  • the low pressure coil 9 has only about three convolutions in the liquid nitrogen so as to ensure that the water does not freeze prior to delivery to the spray nozzles 11.
  • the fmned copper tubes 12 are located within the cylindrical region in the centre of the annular vessel 17 and are surrounded by liquid nitrogen. This causes rapid freezing of the water droplets from the nozzles 11.
  • the length of the vessel 17 and therefore the lengths of the tubes 12 is about 2 metres.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the cutting nozzle 23 in more detail.
  • the nozzle 23 has a main body 40 within which is formed a mixing chamber 22.
  • the main body 40 is connected to a water jet on/off control valve 42 which includes the inlet 33, as shown.
  • Water from the valve 42 enters the chamber 22 via a water jet orifice 21.
  • the diameter of the orifice 21 is in the range 0.3-.5mm.
  • Ice particles from the hopper 19 are delivered via a delivery hose 20 to an ice inlet 43. Expansion of high velocity water in the mixing chamber 22 causes entrainment of and mixing of the ice particles into the stream of high pressure water in the chamber 22.
  • the nozzle 23 includes a mixing tube 44 having a discharge opening 46 at its lower end for discharge of the high velocity water and ice particles directed towards the surface 31 of the workpiece 27.
  • both the body 40 and mixing tube 44 are made from stainless steel.
  • the mixing tube 44 may have an outside diameter of say 5mm.
  • the bore within the mixing tube 44 has a diameter in the range 1.2 to 1.5mm. Because the orifice 21 is very narrow, it produces a very high velocity of water entering the mixing chamber 22 and accordingly the velocity of the water and ice particles are normally in the range from 400 to 700 metres per second.
  • the mixing tube 44 is surrounded by a jacket 48 which includes an inlet 50 and outlet 52. This enables circulation of liquid nitrogen from the line 36 within the jacket for maintaining the tube 44 at a lower temperature.
  • a flexible nitrogen hose 24 extends between the outlet 52 and a focusing tube 26 which directs a controlled stream of liquid nitrogen at the surface 31 for pre-cooling ofthe surface prior to application ofthe water jet/ice particles. It will be noted that the tube 26 is upstream of the nozzle 23 so that the workpiece is rapidly cooled prior to having the jet of water and ice particles infringing thereon.
  • the temperature of the ice particles at the point of discharge from the discharge opening 46 would be about -5°C.
  • the temperature of the high pressure water at discharge would optimally be in the range from 1°C to 2°C.
  • the precooling of the workpiece surface optimally precools the surface temperature ofthe workpiece to be in the range from say -50°C to -20°C. Cooling of the workpiece so that the surface temperature thereof is in the aforementioned range, makes the workpiece relatively more brittle and therefore more suitable for being eroded by the ice particles in the water jet.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative cutting nozzle 60.
  • the same reference numerals are used to denote parts which are the same as or correspond to those of the embodiment shown in Figure 3.
  • the main difference between this embodiment and that shown in Figure 3 is that the tube 26 is eliminated and the outlet for the liquid nitrogen jacket 48 is in the form of an annular orifice 64 which surrounds the opening 46.
  • liquid nitrogen from the orifice 64 is directed at the surface 31 of the workpiece in order to pre-cool the surface prior to application ofthe water jet/ice particles thereto.
  • Figure 5 diagrammatically shows the cutting speed versus thickness of material for several different types of material.
  • the line 72 represents plexiglass or acrylic.
  • the line 74 represents aluminium and the line 76 represents stainless steel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à un procédé d'usinage et de traitement d'une pièce à usiner, qui consiste à appliquer un fluide de refroidissement sur une surface de la pièce à usiner (27), en vue de produire une brusque réduction de la température sur cette surface, à former des particules de glace à partir de gouttelettes d'eau, à entraîner ces particules de glace dans un courant haute pression d'un fluide porteur, et à diriger un jet de ce fluide porteur et des particules de glace entraînées sur ladite surface.
PCT/AU2000/000837 1999-07-12 2000-07-12 Procede et appareil d'usinage et de traitement de materiaux WO2001003887A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU56651/00A AU5665100A (en) 1999-07-12 2000-07-12 Method and apparatus for machining and processing of materials

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPQ1583 1999-07-12
AUPQ1583A AUPQ158399A0 (en) 1999-07-12 1999-07-12 Method and apparatus for machining and processing of materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001003887A1 true WO2001003887A1 (fr) 2001-01-18

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Country Status (2)

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AU (1) AUPQ158399A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001003887A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2877250A1 (fr) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Particules pour procede de fabrication de pieces et procede de fabrication utilisant de telles particules
FR2912946A1 (fr) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-29 Snecma Sa Controle d'alignement pour un systeme de decoupe par jet d'eau
EP2278162A1 (fr) 2004-09-03 2011-01-26 Nitrocision LLC Éjecteur rotatif et procédé pour délivrer un fluide cryogénique
FR3036642A1 (fr) * 2015-06-01 2016-12-02 Snecma Procede de decoupe au jet d'eau d'une piece
WO2018104404A1 (fr) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Agencement et procédé de traitement d'une surface
CN111890230A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-11-06 南通仁隆科研仪器有限公司 一种安全、环保、高效的物理除锈设备
CN114434336A (zh) * 2022-01-26 2022-05-06 河南理工大学 一种冰粒即时制备利用装置和射流方法
CN114608265A (zh) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-10 常欣智能装备科技(苏州)有限公司 一种水汽混合局部冷却工艺设备
CN114952627A (zh) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-30 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 一种雾化磨料射流系统
US20220388119A1 (en) * 2019-11-06 2022-12-08 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) A system and method for cutting of offshore structures

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1397102A (en) * 1972-03-22 1975-06-11 Carrier Drysys Ltd Abrasive treatment of a surface of a metal substrate
GB2077156A (en) * 1980-06-09 1981-12-16 Worldwide Blast Cleaning Ltd Abrading surfaces by blasting
EP0316264A2 (fr) * 1987-11-11 1989-05-17 Werner & Zeisse GmbH & Co. Procédé et dispositif pour le dévernissage et l'enlèvement de couches de surfaces
WO1989010522A1 (fr) * 1988-04-28 1989-11-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Procede et dispositif de fabrication de billes de glace et application a la projection de ces billes de glace pour les traitements de surface
US4932168A (en) * 1987-06-23 1990-06-12 Tsiyo Sanso Co., Ltd. Processing apparatus for semiconductor wafers
US5283989A (en) * 1990-05-30 1994-02-08 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for polishing an article with frozen particles
DE19603141A1 (de) * 1996-01-29 1997-07-31 Jerzy Chrzaszczak Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abtragen von Schichten
US5785581A (en) * 1995-10-19 1998-07-28 The Penn State Research Foundation Supersonic abrasive iceblasting apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1397102A (en) * 1972-03-22 1975-06-11 Carrier Drysys Ltd Abrasive treatment of a surface of a metal substrate
GB2077156A (en) * 1980-06-09 1981-12-16 Worldwide Blast Cleaning Ltd Abrading surfaces by blasting
US4932168A (en) * 1987-06-23 1990-06-12 Tsiyo Sanso Co., Ltd. Processing apparatus for semiconductor wafers
EP0316264A2 (fr) * 1987-11-11 1989-05-17 Werner & Zeisse GmbH & Co. Procédé et dispositif pour le dévernissage et l'enlèvement de couches de surfaces
WO1989010522A1 (fr) * 1988-04-28 1989-11-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Procede et dispositif de fabrication de billes de glace et application a la projection de ces billes de glace pour les traitements de surface
US5283989A (en) * 1990-05-30 1994-02-08 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for polishing an article with frozen particles
US5785581A (en) * 1995-10-19 1998-07-28 The Penn State Research Foundation Supersonic abrasive iceblasting apparatus
DE19603141A1 (de) * 1996-01-29 1997-07-31 Jerzy Chrzaszczak Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abtragen von Schichten

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2278162A1 (fr) 2004-09-03 2011-01-26 Nitrocision LLC Éjecteur rotatif et procédé pour délivrer un fluide cryogénique
FR2877250A1 (fr) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-05 Bosch Gmbh Robert Particules pour procede de fabrication de pieces et procede de fabrication utilisant de telles particules
FR2912946A1 (fr) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-29 Snecma Sa Controle d'alignement pour un systeme de decoupe par jet d'eau
EP1964646A1 (fr) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-03 Snecma Contrôle d'alignement pour un système de découpe par jet d'eau
US7584546B2 (en) 2007-02-28 2009-09-08 Snecma Alignment control for a water-jet cutting system
FR3036642A1 (fr) * 2015-06-01 2016-12-02 Snecma Procede de decoupe au jet d'eau d'une piece
WO2018104404A1 (fr) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Agencement et procédé de traitement d'une surface
US20220388119A1 (en) * 2019-11-06 2022-12-08 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) A system and method for cutting of offshore structures
US12220787B2 (en) * 2019-11-06 2025-02-11 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) System and method for cutting of offshore structures
CN111890230A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-11-06 南通仁隆科研仪器有限公司 一种安全、环保、高效的物理除锈设备
CN114434336A (zh) * 2022-01-26 2022-05-06 河南理工大学 一种冰粒即时制备利用装置和射流方法
CN114608265A (zh) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-10 常欣智能装备科技(苏州)有限公司 一种水汽混合局部冷却工艺设备
CN114608265B (zh) * 2022-03-22 2023-12-15 常欣智能装备科技(苏州)有限公司 一种水汽混合局部冷却工艺设备
CN114952627A (zh) * 2022-05-27 2022-08-30 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 一种雾化磨料射流系统

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