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WO2001000305A1 - Water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Water treatment apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001000305A1
WO2001000305A1 PCT/GB2000/002293 GB0002293W WO0100305A1 WO 2001000305 A1 WO2001000305 A1 WO 2001000305A1 GB 0002293 W GB0002293 W GB 0002293W WO 0100305 A1 WO0100305 A1 WO 0100305A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
membranes
tubular membranes
filtered
tubular
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2000/002293
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ian Peter Wilkes
John Steven Wilkes
Kenneth Ivan Wilkes
Kristopher Andrew Wilkes
Original Assignee
Millenniumpore Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Millenniumpore Limited filed Critical Millenniumpore Limited
Priority to AU55462/00A priority Critical patent/AU5546200A/en
Publication of WO2001000305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001000305A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/20—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C02F1/002—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using small portable filters for producing potable water, e.g. personal travel or emergency equipment, survival kits, combat gear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for treating contaminated water to remove contaminants such as pathogens and which has low pressure requirements so that a manually operated pump can be used to operate it.
  • Membrane based filtration devices are well known and commonly used for solid liquid separations where the pore size of the membrane can be controlled to exclude microscopic organisms including virus and bacteria.
  • the existing known and widely used membrane filtration equipment is equipment in which water passes down a hollow fibre which comprises the membrane and filtered water passes through the walls of the membrane from where it is led away.
  • This type of filtration is known generally as crossflow filtration and the flow of contaminated water down the fibres tangentially to the fibre surface tends to disrupt any accumulating solids and to reduce the build up of such solids.
  • a large number of fibres are used in a filter module and the narrower the fibre the larger the surface area of membrane in a given size module.
  • the narrower fibres have been used and efforts have been made to make and use narrower and narrower fibres.
  • the volume required can be much less than for industrial, semi-industrial or agricultural operations and we have devised an apparatus which uses a hand pump and which is light weight, self cleaning and can be used to obtain drinking quality water from contaminated water.
  • apparatus for filtering water which apparatus comprises (i) a plurality of tubular membranes arranged in parallel and sealed in a housing; (ii) an inlet for water to be filtered (iii) an outlet for the filtered water; the inlet water and the filtered water being kept separate and there being (iv) a hand operated pump means able to pass water across the surface of the tubular membranes so that filtered water passes through the walls of the membranes and there being means to remove the filtered water.
  • the ends of the tubular membranes are sealed, the contaminated water is passed down the channels between the membranes and the filtered water passes into the inside of the tubular membranes. In another embodiment the ends of the channels between the membranes are sealed and the contaminated water passes down the inside of the tubular membranes and the filtered water passes into the channels between the membranes.
  • the tubular membranes are preferably tubes which can be made from known membrane compositions such as polysulphones and polyethersulphones which are widely commercially available for water filtration purposes.
  • the filtration size can be in the microfiltration, ultrafiltration etc. ranges depending on the nature of the water to be filtered and the contaminants present.
  • the pore size of such membranes can enable pathogens found in water such as bacteria and viruses to be removed.
  • the diameter of the tubes is at last 5 millimetres and can be up to 30 millimetres or higher e.g. from 10 to 20 millimetres.
  • Such diameter tubes have only recently become available and are made by and can be obtained from made by Milleniumpore Ltd. of Sunderland Enterprise Park, Sunderland SR5 2TA UK.
  • the size of the tubular membranes means that they are less prone to blocking by particles flowing down the tubes so that a coarse pre-screen is all that is required and the lower pressures required by the larger diameter tubes enable a hand pump to be used. With hand pumps there is still sufficient flow with the tubular membranes of the invention to disrupt any accumulating solids and to reduce the build up of such solids.
  • the housing can be made of a rigid plastics tube such as polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene pipe of the appropriate size and the tubular membranes sealed in the housing.
  • a light weight inexpensive filtration unit to be constructed which is easy to transport and lift, has no external power requirements, can be used to provide drinking water from contaminated water sources, can be operated by unskilled operators and has self cleaning capacity with low maintenance requirements.
  • Such a unit can be mounted on a support base and set up ready for use with a hose connected to the contaminated water inlet. When in position the hose is dipped into the contaminated water and, by operating the hand pump, drinking water is obtained.
  • the tubular membranes can also be in the form of flat sheets of membrane arranged so that there are sealed channels formed of the membranes.
  • tubular membranes will depend on the size of the unit and the application in one type of unit the number can range from fifty to several hundred, but this is not critical.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a process diagram of the an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a view of one embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a view of a second embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the assembled components
  • a filter casing (1) has a number of tubular filters sealed within it.
  • Permeate water is removed from filter casing (1) at (6) and the contaminated water is removed via (5c) and recycled.
  • the feed to filter (4) is placed in the source of contaminated water and the pump (3) operated. Water is sucked up through (4) via pipe (5a) to pump (3) and pumped via (5b) to the inlet to (1).
  • the filtered purified water is removed at (6) and the contaminated water passed along pipe (5c) for recycling.
  • a filter casing (9) has filter tubes (11) of diameter between 5 and 10mm sealed by resin encapsulation (14), the seal separates the contaminated feed water from the filtered water.
  • the spaces between the tubes (11) are shown as (10).
  • contaminated water is fed in at (15) by operation of a hand pump and as the water passes down (11) filtered water passes through the membrane to (10) where it is led away through (17).
  • the contaminated water which has not been filtered is removed at (16) and recycled.
  • Filter module housing (1) has filter modules (2) resin encapsulated at (22) at each end of housing (1).
  • the housing (1) is blank capped at (28) and has permeate outlet (25) in cap (29).
  • the contaminated water enters at (23) and the filtered water is removed at (25).
  • the contaminated water is removed at (24) and recycled.
  • the available area for crossflow is the cross-sectional area of the housing (1) less the cumulative cross-sectional area of the filter membranes.
  • the filter module (36) contains the tubular filters as described above in fig. 2, the inlet pipe (32) goes to the contaminated water source and connects to hand pump (31). The outlet from the pump connects to the water inlet (34) of the filter module and the unfiltered water outlet pipe (33) of module (36) leads back to the source.
  • the treated water outlet is at (37).
  • the apparatus is mounted on platform support (35).
  • the pump (31) sucks up water through a coarse filter (not shown) and the outlet of the pump (31) pumps the water through membrane filtration module through inlet (34).
  • the filtered water is taken off at (37).
  • the unfiltered water leaves the module via (33) and is returned to the source.
  • An operator can stand on platform (35) to hold the apparatus in place whilst he is pumping.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Light weight filtration apparatus for removing pathogens from contaminated water and which can be operated by a hand pump (3) comprises large diameter tubular membranes (11) mounted in a housing (1) so that the contaminated water is pumped down or between the tubular membranes (11) and the filtered water removed.

Description

Water Treatment Apparatus
The present invention relates to apparatus for treating contaminated water to remove contaminants such as pathogens and which has low pressure requirements so that a manually operated pump can be used to operate it.
In all areas through out the world it is known that certain water sources could be used for the purposes of consumption provided that pathogenic contaminants are removed. Membrane based filtration devices are well known and commonly used for solid liquid separations where the pore size of the membrane can be controlled to exclude microscopic organisms including virus and bacteria.
The existing known and widely used membrane filtration equipment is equipment in which water passes down a hollow fibre which comprises the membrane and filtered water passes through the walls of the membrane from where it is led away. This type of filtration is known generally as crossflow filtration and the flow of contaminated water down the fibres tangentially to the fibre surface tends to disrupt any accumulating solids and to reduce the build up of such solids. In practice a large number of fibres are used in a filter module and the narrower the fibre the larger the surface area of membrane in a given size module. As the larger the membrane surface area, the larger is the treatment capacity in a given size of filtration module, the narrower fibres have been used and efforts have been made to make and use narrower and narrower fibres. High pressure is required in order to pump the water down the fibres and this has required the use of powered pumps to generate this pressure and, in addition the narrow fibres can be blocked by particles passing down the fibres and this has necessitated the use of stringent pre-screening to remove such particles. Such systems are used where power is available e. g. for industrial processes and the requirements of existing equipment has made them unsuitable for use in areas where power is not readily available or where there are other restrictions.
For obtaining drinking water from contaminated water the volume required can be much less than for industrial, semi-industrial or agricultural operations and we have devised an apparatus which uses a hand pump and which is light weight, self cleaning and can be used to obtain drinking quality water from contaminated water.
According to the invention there is provided apparatus for filtering water which apparatus comprises (i) a plurality of tubular membranes arranged in parallel and sealed in a housing; (ii) an inlet for water to be filtered (iii) an outlet for the filtered water; the inlet water and the filtered water being kept separate and there being (iv) a hand operated pump means able to pass water across the surface of the tubular membranes so that filtered water passes through the walls of the membranes and there being means to remove the filtered water.
In one embodiment the ends of the tubular membranes are sealed, the contaminated water is passed down the channels between the membranes and the filtered water passes into the inside of the tubular membranes. In another embodiment the ends of the channels between the membranes are sealed and the contaminated water passes down the inside of the tubular membranes and the filtered water passes into the channels between the membranes.
The tubular membranes are preferably tubes which can be made from known membrane compositions such as polysulphones and polyethersulphones which are widely commercially available for water filtration purposes. The filtration size can be in the microfiltration, ultrafiltration etc. ranges depending on the nature of the water to be filtered and the contaminants present. The pore size of such membranes can enable pathogens found in water such as bacteria and viruses to be removed.
The diameter of the tubes is at last 5 millimetres and can be up to 30 millimetres or higher e.g. from 10 to 20 millimetres. Such diameter tubes have only recently become available and are made by and can be obtained from made by Milleniumpore Ltd. of Sunderland Enterprise Park, Sunderland SR5 2TA UK.
Hitherto it was considered that, even if such larger diameter tubes were available, they would not be suitable for use in water filtration due to the relatively low ratio of membrane surface area to membrane volume. It was very surprising that such size tubes could be used.
The size of the tubular membranes means that they are less prone to blocking by particles flowing down the tubes so that a coarse pre-screen is all that is required and the lower pressures required by the larger diameter tubes enable a hand pump to be used. With hand pumps there is still sufficient flow with the tubular membranes of the invention to disrupt any accumulating solids and to reduce the build up of such solids.
The housing can be made of a rigid plastics tube such as polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene pipe of the appropriate size and the tubular membranes sealed in the housing.
This enables a light weight inexpensive filtration unit to be constructed which is easy to transport and lift, has no external power requirements, can be used to provide drinking water from contaminated water sources, can be operated by unskilled operators and has self cleaning capacity with low maintenance requirements. Such a unit can be mounted on a support base and set up ready for use with a hose connected to the contaminated water inlet. When in position the hose is dipped into the contaminated water and, by operating the hand pump, drinking water is obtained.
The tubular membranes can also be in the form of flat sheets of membrane arranged so that there are sealed channels formed of the membranes.
The number of tubular membranes will depend on the size of the unit and the application in one type of unit the number can range from fifty to several hundred, but this is not critical.
The invention is described in the accompanying drawings in which: -
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a process diagram of the an embodiment of the invention Fig. 2 is a view of one embodiment
Fig. 3 is a view of a second embodiment and
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the assembled components
Referring to fig. 1 a filter casing (1) has a number of tubular filters sealed within it. There is a hand pump (3) connected to the casing (1) by pipe (5b). There is a suction filter screen (4) of 1mm to 2mm mesh connected to inlet of pump (3) via pipe (5a). Permeate water is removed from filter casing (1) at (6) and the contaminated water is removed via (5c) and recycled. In use the feed to filter (4) is placed in the source of contaminated water and the pump (3) operated. Water is sucked up through (4) via pipe (5a) to pump (3) and pumped via (5b) to the inlet to (1). The filtered purified water is removed at (6) and the contaminated water passed along pipe (5c) for recycling.
Referring to fig. 2 a filter casing (9) has filter tubes (11) of diameter between 5 and 10mm sealed by resin encapsulation (14), the seal separates the contaminated feed water from the filtered water. The spaces between the tubes (11) are shown as (10). There is a contaminated water feed (15); a filtered water take of at (17) and a contaminated water take off at (16).
In this embodiment the filtration takes place from inside the tubular membranes to outside. In use contaminated water is fed in at (15) by operation of a hand pump and as the water passes down (11) filtered water passes through the membrane to (10) where it is led away through (17). The contaminated water which has not been filtered is removed at (16) and recycled.
The relatively large channel within the filter membrane modules minimises transmodal friction loses allowing crossflow velocity to be achieved utilising low fluid pressures. For 120 tubular membrane modules of 5mm internal diameter sealed in a casing, a pump displacing 0.251itres per second of water would generate a crossflow velocity of V where V=Q/A where V = crossflow velocity m/s, Q = volumetric fluid flow m /s and A = total cross-sectional area available for flow in the membrane channels (m ). V is then O.lm/s which is crossflow velocity and the total area available is 1.88 m .
Referring to fig. 3 the filtered water passes from outside the tubular membrane to the inside. Filter module housing (1) has filter modules (2) resin encapsulated at (22) at each end of housing (1). The housing (1) is blank capped at (28) and has permeate outlet (25) in cap (29). In use the contaminated water enters at (23) and the filtered water is removed at (25). The contaminated water is removed at (24) and recycled. The available area for crossflow is the cross-sectional area of the housing (1) less the cumulative cross-sectional area of the filter membranes.
Referring to fig. 4 the filter module (36) contains the tubular filters as described above in fig. 2, the inlet pipe (32) goes to the contaminated water source and connects to hand pump (31). The outlet from the pump connects to the water inlet (34) of the filter module and the unfiltered water outlet pipe (33) of module (36) leads back to the source. The treated water outlet is at (37). The apparatus is mounted on platform support (35).
In use the pump (31) sucks up water through a coarse filter (not shown) and the outlet of the pump (31) pumps the water through membrane filtration module through inlet (34). The filtered water is taken off at (37). The unfiltered water leaves the module via (33) and is returned to the source. An operator can stand on platform (35) to hold the apparatus in place whilst he is pumping.

Claims

Claims
1. Apparatus for filtering water which apparatus comprises (i) a plurality of tubular membranes arranged in parallel and sealed in a housing; (ii) an inlet for water to be filtered (iii) an outlet for the filtered water; the inlet water and the filtered water being kept separate and there being (iv) a hand operated pump means able to pass water across the surface of the tubular membranes so that filtered water passes through the walls of the membranes and there being means to remove the filtered water.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the ends of the tubular membranes are sealed and the contaminated water is passed down the channels between the membranes and the filtered water passes into the inside of the tubular membranes.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the ends of the channels between the membranes are sealed and the contaminated water passes down the inside of the tubular membranes and the filtered water passes into the channels between the membranes.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the tubular membranes are made from a polysulphone or polyethersulphones.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the tubular membranes are tubes of diameter of at least 5 millimetres.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the tubular membranes are tubes of diameter of 10 to 20 millimetres.
7. Filtration equipment which comprises a support base on which is mounted apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
PCT/GB2000/002293 1999-06-24 2000-06-23 Water treatment apparatus WO2001000305A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU55462/00A AU5546200A (en) 1999-06-24 2000-06-23 Water treatment apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9914755.5A GB9914755D0 (en) 1999-06-24 1999-06-24 Water treatment apparatus
GB9914755.5 1999-06-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001000305A1 true WO2001000305A1 (en) 2001-01-04

Family

ID=10855964

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2000/002293 WO2001000305A1 (en) 1999-06-24 2000-06-23 Water treatment apparatus

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5546200A (en)
GB (1) GB9914755D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2001000305A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003060225A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-24 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Method for the recovery of sizes by means of a combination of desizing with dispersants/complexing agents and subsequent recycling
NL1024294C2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2005-03-16 Antonius Ludovicus Van Hecke Shower system, as well as a shower head and a method for cleaning a shower system.

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3830372A (en) * 1972-05-23 1974-08-20 S Manjikian Reverse osmosis system adaptable for manual operation
JPS5243783A (en) * 1975-10-02 1977-04-06 Ebara Infilco Co Ltd Water-making unit
GB1589763A (en) * 1977-11-02 1981-05-20 Secr Defence Desalination device
FR2539048A1 (en) * 1983-01-11 1984-07-13 Diffusion Materiels Fluides Filter system for potable water with intermittent use fitted especially to a transportable storage container
EP0396928A2 (en) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-14 Separation Dynamics Inc Portable water purification system
US5019252A (en) * 1986-02-20 1991-05-28 Ube Industries, Ltd. Portable water purifier
WO1993002781A1 (en) * 1991-08-02 1993-02-18 Astroa Pty. Limited Portable water purification system
JPH09220567A (en) * 1996-02-19 1997-08-26 Nippon Filcon Co Ltd Portable drinking water making apparatus for emergency use
DE19747057A1 (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-05-14 Weizmann Kiryat Membrane Prod Method of manufacturing a tubular membrane device and tubular membrane devices made thereby

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3830372A (en) * 1972-05-23 1974-08-20 S Manjikian Reverse osmosis system adaptable for manual operation
JPS5243783A (en) * 1975-10-02 1977-04-06 Ebara Infilco Co Ltd Water-making unit
GB1589763A (en) * 1977-11-02 1981-05-20 Secr Defence Desalination device
FR2539048A1 (en) * 1983-01-11 1984-07-13 Diffusion Materiels Fluides Filter system for potable water with intermittent use fitted especially to a transportable storage container
US5019252A (en) * 1986-02-20 1991-05-28 Ube Industries, Ltd. Portable water purifier
EP0396928A2 (en) * 1989-05-08 1990-11-14 Separation Dynamics Inc Portable water purification system
WO1993002781A1 (en) * 1991-08-02 1993-02-18 Astroa Pty. Limited Portable water purification system
JPH09220567A (en) * 1996-02-19 1997-08-26 Nippon Filcon Co Ltd Portable drinking water making apparatus for emergency use
DE19747057A1 (en) * 1996-10-25 1998-05-14 Weizmann Kiryat Membrane Prod Method of manufacturing a tubular membrane device and tubular membrane devices made thereby

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1977-35287Y, XP002151033 *
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1997-474721, XP002151034 *
MARK H.F.: "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 1978, WILEY & SONS, NEW-YORK, US, XP002151032 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 001, no. 079 (C - 021) 26 July 1977 (1977-07-26) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 12 25 December 1997 (1997-12-25) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003060225A1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-24 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Method for the recovery of sizes by means of a combination of desizing with dispersants/complexing agents and subsequent recycling
NL1024294C2 (en) * 2003-09-15 2005-03-16 Antonius Ludovicus Van Hecke Shower system, as well as a shower head and a method for cleaning a shower system.
WO2005026456A1 (en) * 2003-09-15 2005-03-24 Antonius Ludovicus Van Hecke Shower system, and a shower head and a method for cleaning a shower system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5546200A (en) 2001-01-31
GB9914755D0 (en) 1999-08-25

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