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WO2001089782A1 - Nappages fibreux non tisses, articles formes, liants de fibres et procedes relatifs - Google Patents

Nappages fibreux non tisses, articles formes, liants de fibres et procedes relatifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001089782A1
WO2001089782A1 PCT/US2001/011057 US0111057W WO0189782A1 WO 2001089782 A1 WO2001089782 A1 WO 2001089782A1 US 0111057 W US0111057 W US 0111057W WO 0189782 A1 WO0189782 A1 WO 0189782A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
batt
binder
fiber
fibers
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/011057
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George S. Buck
Original Assignee
Buck George S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/574,199 external-priority patent/US6296795B1/en
Application filed by Buck George S filed Critical Buck George S
Priority to AU2002210037A priority Critical patent/AU2002210037A1/en
Publication of WO2001089782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001089782A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse

Definitions

  • This invention relates to non-woven fibrous batts, shaped articles, fiber binders and related processes for the production of these fibrous batts and shaped articles.
  • PVDC/PVC copolymer polyvinylidene-polyvinyl chloride copolymer
  • PVDC/PVC copolymer polyvinylidene-polyvinyl chloride copolymer
  • scrap PVDC/PVC copolymers were available but eventually the supply of these materials became insufficient to satisfy the market.
  • certain disadvantages associated with the use of PVDC/PVC copolymers and other chlorinated materials including corrosion of equipment, restricted the use of these materials in certain applications.
  • Buck '005 and Buck '821 employ epoxy polymers in dry powder form which when distributed throughout a fibrous batt can be advanced to high molecular weights and cured to either the B stage or more fully cured to the C stage by processing methods described in these two patents.
  • the B stage products may be molded into various shapes in a heated mold such as is used to mold phenolic polymers and certain other thermosetting polymers.
  • catalysts and agents which cause the epoxide chain molecules to cross link with each other must be employed. Examples include trimelletic anhydride, tetracarboxy benzene dianhydride, and other multifunctional cross-linking agents. These agents are quite expensive, however, and even they do not raise the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the epoxide polymer sufficiently to hold the molded batt in a firm and rigid position immediately upon its removal from the molding press.
  • An of the current invention is to utilize a bonding material in fine, dry powder form which is inexpensive enough to compete with phenolic polymers and function as well or better in producing the hardness and shape-holding properties of batts bonded with those polymers, yet at the same time is entirely free from the odors, noxious gases, discoloration, and toxicity associated with formaldehyde-containing batts which are widely used in many molded products throughout the world but which are believed to pose a significant health hazard both in processing and in the fibrous products made from them.
  • a method has been discovered, which is described in this invention, which accomplishes these objectives with great satisfaction and effectiveness .
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved process which is substantially free of one or more of the other disadvantages of the prior processes.
  • Still another object is to provide an improved process which produces a batt which has an improved flexural strength both when hot and when cold.
  • An additional object is to provide an improved process for the production of batts and molded articles which exhibit improved tensile strength in the presence of moisture.
  • Still another object is to provide an improved shaped article.
  • Yet another object is to provide a fiber binder which can advantageously be used in the process of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is an elevation view of an apparatus suitable for practicing the process of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the apparatus of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along Line 3-3 of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along Line 4-4 of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along Line 5-5 of Figure 2.
  • Figure 6 shows a portion of the partially cured batt of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a hot molding process of the present invention with the mold open.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a hot molding process of the present invention with the mold closed.
  • Figure 9 is a shaped article of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a device for measuring bending resistance of the batts and the shaped articles of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic representation of an automobile containing a shaped article of the present in the form of a package tray.
  • Figure 12 is a top view of the package tray shown in Figure 11, but on a larger scale.
  • Figure 13 is sectional view taken along Line 13-13 of Figure 12.
  • Figure 14 is a sectional view taken along Line 14-14 of Figure 12, but on a larger scale.
  • an improved process for producing a shaped article from a bonded, non-woven, fibrous batt of fibers comprising the steps of:
  • Steps V and VI can be practiced in the inverse order.
  • fiber binders which are mixtures of starch and certain polymers are described.
  • the heat- responsive polymer can be either thermoplastic or thermosetting.
  • suitable thermoplastic polymers are well known from the prior art.
  • thermosetting polymers are preferred because upon curing and cooling they have shape-holding properties.
  • One preferred class of thermosetting polymers are epoxy polymers such as those described in Buck '005 and in Buck '821.
  • Another preferred class of thermosetting polymers are certain polyester polymers as described in US application Number 09/094,450 filed the 10th day of June 1998, entitled “FIBROUS BATTS BONDED WITH THERMOSETTING FIBER-BINDERS OF CERTAIN POLYESTER POLYMERS", the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the particles of the heat-responsive fiber-binder have an average size from about 0.1 to about 500 microns, preferably from about 1 to about 200 microns and ideally from about 5 to about 50 microns. When the particles have a size smaller than about 10 microns they can advantageously be mixed with particles having a larger size.
  • the heat-responsive fiber binder can be applied to the fibers in widely varying ratios but the heat-responsive fiber- binder component generally comprises from about one to about 50 and preferably from about 10 to about 30 weight percent based on the combined weight of the fibers and the heat-responsive fiber- binder.
  • Epoxy polymers which are useful in the present invention, have epoxide groups by which is meant one or more moieties of Formula I :
  • a large number of epoxy polymers can be employed in the present invention.
  • a preferred class of epoxy polymers is the reaction product of bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin of Formula II, and V of Buck '005.
  • the epoxy polymers useful in the present invention generally have an epoxide equivalent weight of from about 500 to about 5000 and preferably from about 600 to about 3000. In the general case wherein they have about two epoxy groups per molecule, the molecular weight is twice the above values.
  • the epoxy polymer generally has a glass transition o temperature, frequently called "Tg", above about 40 C, and o o preferably above about 50 C, and a melting point above about 70 C o o and preferably from about 80 C to about 150 C.
  • Tg glass transition o temperature
  • the epoxy polymer can have a widely varying particle size as long as it is solid. As is well-known in the polymer art, this polymer is a mixture of individual molecules each having a different distinct molecular weight. The average molecular weight of the epoxy polymer is between about 5000 and about 10,000 and is preferably between about 1200 and 6000.
  • the epoxy polymer can be either linear or branched but is preferably linear. It is, however, not cross linked.
  • the specific cross-linking agents useful with the selected epoxy polymer are well-known.
  • the cross-linking agents have two or more reactive groups which react principally with the epoxide groups of the epoxy polymer.
  • suitable cross-linking agents include: polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, acid terminated polyesters, polyfunctional amines, accelerated and substituted dicyandiamide derivatives, imidazole/epoxy polymer adducts, and glycidyl ethacrylates .
  • Examples of species of cross-linking agents are given in Buck '005.
  • the epoxy polymers useful in the present invention can be in any suitable stage but are preferably in either the "A-stage” wherein the mixture is soluble in organic solvents, but is fusible, by which is meant it melts and flows; or in the "B- stage” wherein the mixture is fusible but insoluble.
  • the epoxy polymer is mixed with the cross-linking agent in a ratio such that there is about one epoxide group on the epoxy polymer for each carboxyl or amine group on the cross-linking agent. There is no adverse effect if there is up to about 30% excess of either moiety.
  • the equivalent ratio of the epoxy polymer to the cross-linking agent is about 1.3:1 to about 1:1.3.
  • a greater weight of the high molecular weight cross-linking agents must be employed compared to the monomeric cross-linking agents.
  • the weight ratio of (A) the epoxy polymer to (B) the cross-linking agent namely the A:B ratio is generally from about 100:3 to about 25:75 and preferably from about 100:4 to about 30:70.
  • the heat-responsive fiber-binder and the moisture-responsive fiber-binder can be present admixed in widely varying ratios but generally are present within a weight ratio of about 1:20 to about 20:1 and preferably from about 2:10 to about 10:2.
  • starch useful in the present invention is available all over the world from a variety of well-known sources. Starch is naturally produced by a great number and variety of plants such as rice; waxy rice; potatoes; sago; corn (maize); waxy corn; tapioca; maniac; pea; sorghum; rye; oat; barley and wheat. Starch is contained in the raw plant material in the form of seeds, kernels and/or tubers.
  • the raw plant material containing raw starch is converted to ground raw starch by grinding and removing skins, husks and other parts of the plant which have a low starch content.
  • the ground raw starch can be produced by the dry-milled process or the wet- milled process. This ground raw starch contains varying amounts of amylopectin and amylose depending on the source. Corn (maize) starch is a preferred starch. Corn starch contains about 30 to 70 percent by weight amylose; balance essentially amylopectin.
  • the starch useful in this invention need not be pure starch, it can be flour obtained directly from the milling process.
  • raw starch does not include "destructurized starch” as described for example in Lay et al US Patent 5,095,054 ("Lay").
  • the starch useful in the present invention can be used in a wide variety of particle sizes but generally has a particle size from about 0.1 to about 200 microns, preferably from about one to about 50 microns. As the particle sizes increase, binding efficiency tends to decrease since fewer particles per unit weight are available for binding the fibers.
  • the moisture-responsive fiber-binder in the dry binder mixture can be applied to the fibers in widely varying ratios but the moisture-responsive fiber-binder generally comprises from about one to about 50 and preferably from about 10 to about 30 weight percent based on the combined weight of the fibers and the moisture-responsive fiber-binder .
  • the heat-responsive fiber-binders of the present invention are solid. They are neither aqueous solutions, nor are they solutions employing other solvents. They are free of solvents, free of water and free of formaldehyde.
  • fillers are usually less expensive than polymers or starch. This permits a filled product to be sold at a cost lower than the cost of the pure product.
  • the fillers are inorganic and are insoluble in water. Salts of strong acids and weak bases are suitable as well as salts of weak acids and weak bases. Silica, alumino silicates and alumina are all suitable classes. Examples of preferred fillers include, among others, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, iron oxides, carbon black, and titanium dioxide.
  • the binder can include a wide variety of other additives.
  • additives include among others: catalysts, dyes, pigments, biocides, flow control agents, fire-retardants, self extinguishing agents, desiccants and all manner of additives which are used herein for their known purposes.
  • fire retardants include: borax, boric acid, phosphoric acid, monoamonium phosphate, diamonium phosphate and aluminum trihydrate.
  • Biocides include fungicides, insecticides and rodenticides . These additives can be in the form of liquids or particles so long as the heat-responsive fiber-binder remains solid, has the desired particle size, and suffers no adverse affects.
  • the dry binder mix can contact the fibers in a wide variety of ways.
  • the fibers can be loose, in the form of a thin web, or in the form of a batt.
  • the dry binder mix fiber binder can be sprinkled on the fibers under the influence of gravity or can be entrained in a stream of gas or vapor, advantageously air. Any method which leaves the desired quantity of dry binder mix uniformly distributed throughout the batt is acceptable.
  • a wide variety of other methods can be employed to contact the fiber-binder with the fibers.
  • Another method performs the contacting of the fibers with the fiber-binder after the fibers have been opened and loosened from a compressed bale and at the stage when they are entrained in an air stream and prior to being deposited on a screen or in the slot of an air lay system for producing non-woven batts.
  • Such air-lay systems of this type are well-known in the trade under the names Schirp, Rando Web, DOA, Fehrer, and others.
  • Still another suitable method for contacting the fibers with the fiber-binder is described in Fleissner U. S. Patent 3,765,971.
  • the non-woven batt can be formed into its final form and the particulate fiber-binder blown through the entire batt.
  • Natural fibers include those like cotton, wool, jute, hemp, flax, sisal and kenaf .
  • the synthetic fibers can be organic or inorganic. Examples of organic synthetic fibers include those of polyester, nylon, acrylic, rayon, and polypropylene. Examples of inorganic synthetic fibers include those of glass or mineral wool. In fact, any fiber or mixture of fibers in which the fiber may be new, unused fibers known as virgin fibers or waste fibers reclaimed from garment cuttings, fiber manufacture or textile processing and which do not melt or decompose at temperature o o below 100 C (212 F) can be employed. Relatively inexpensive fibers are those know in the trade as "shoddy".
  • Shoddy is typically a mixture of fibers reclaimed from garment cuttings and may consist of both man-made and natural fibers in any ratio.
  • the fibers generally have a denier of about 1 to about 200 and preferably from about of 1 to about 22 although finer and coarser fibers are also sometimes useful.
  • the fiber-binder is a low-melt fiber
  • no polymeric fiber-binder is necessary to form the partially cured batt.
  • the low-melt fiber has a melting point below about 150°C (300°F) whereas the other fibers have a melting point above this. It is most desirable to have a difference of at least about 10°C (18°F) and preferably about 40°C (72°F) between the melting point of the low-melt fiber and the melting point of the high-melt fiber.
  • the heating of raw batt containing the fibers and the fiber binder mix of heat responsive fiber-binder and a starch can be accomplished by any convenient means such as infra-red, microwave or conduction but is most conveniently accomplished by hot air which is passed through the batt.
  • This hot air is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the heat-responsive fiber- binder but below that temperature at which the fibers are adversely affected.
  • adverse effects include scorching of cellulosic or wool fibers or melting or shrinking of synthetic polymer fibers.
  • the heating is generally done at a temperature of from about 80°C (175°F) to about 250°C (480°F), and preferably at a temperature of from about 95°C(205°F) to about 215°C (420°F).
  • the heating is continued for a time sufficient to permit the heat-responsive fiber-binder component to engage the intersections of the fibers and to cross link there. This is generally accomplished in from about twenty seconds to about ten minutes, and usually from one to five minutes. This heating converts the raw batt into a hot semi-cured batt.
  • the partially cured batt is contacted with steam in a variety of methods.
  • One method is to spray water onto the surface of the partially cured batt, and then place the batt in a heated mold in a press.
  • the water is added to the batt in an amount sufficient to swell the starch and generally in a weight ratio of water to starch of from about 1:10 to about 10:1. These ratios are generally achieved when water is added to the partially cured batt in a weight ratio of generally from about 1:20 to about 2:1, and preferably from about 1:10 to about 1:1.
  • Another method for contacting the partially cured batt with steam is to first place the partially cured batt between mold halves of a mold in the press and cause saturated or super heated steam to pass through the batt.
  • the steam is employed in an amount and for a time just sufficient to cause the moisture- responsive fiber-binder to swell, become sticky and further bind the fibers to one another at their intersections. This generally occurs within about one-half minute to about 10 minutes, but frequently occurs within about one to five minutes. Longer times are not harmful but are unnecessary.
  • the steam is removed from the batt and the press in any convenient means such as by providing steam escape channels in the mold halves. Removal of the moisture leaves the starch as a hard, rigid binder which holds the molded form of the batt even while hot.
  • the hot batt is removed from the press and cooled, whereupon the heat-responsive fiber-binder hardens and provides toughness to the batt thereby producing a tough, dimensionally-stable shaped article.
  • the finished part is held in shape by the combination of both binders in the fiber binding mixture.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises an opener or garnet 11, a cross-laying mechanism 12, an applicator 13 for the mixture of fiber binders, and an oven 14.
  • the garnet 11 comprises an inlet chute 18 adapted to feed bulk fibers to the rotating drum 19 of the garnet 11.
  • the garnet 11 is also provided with a plurality of tooth rolls 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 which together with the teeth (not shown) on the drum 19, take bulk fibers 20 and convert them to a web 31 which adheres to the drum 19.
  • the web 31 adhering to the drum 19 is transferred to the drum 28 where it is removed by comb 29.
  • the web 39 that is now only between one and 100 fibers thick and is barely self- supporting, now leaves the garnet 11.
  • the web 39 then goes to the conveyor 41 and thence to the conveyor 42.
  • the lower end of the conveyor 42 is attached to a traveler 43 which moves back and forth on the track 44.
  • the conveyor 42 is positioned above and at right angles to yet another conveyor 45.
  • the apparatus 10 is adjusted such that the speed of the conveyor 42 is several times faster than the speed of the conveyor 45. By virtue of this speed difference, the web 39 is cross laid back and forth on the conveyor 45 thus forming a raw batt 47.
  • the raw batt 47 passes between an upper foraminous belt 49 and a lower foraminous belt 50 (See Figures 3, 4, and 5) . While held between the belts 49, 50, the raw batt 47 passes into the polymer applicator 13.
  • the applicator 13 shown in the drawings, is commercially available from Ramcon-Fiberlok, Inc. of Memphis Tennessee, USA, under the trade name "System Six".
  • the System Six applicator is designed to apply either polymer or a polymer mixture uniformly to an entire batt.
  • the whole system consists of a mixing or blending tank (not shown) for the polymer or polymer mixture and means (not shown) for conveying this material to the applicator.
  • the applicator 13 itself is a double-walled chamber about the size of a small room in which the polymer or polymer mixture is conveyed downward through slots extending the full width of the batt and a means for collecting any mixture which passes through the batt.
  • This mixture is enriched by additional polymer from the mixing tank (not shown) and forced by air upward through similar slots extending across the width of the batt.
  • a collector above the batt draws off any mixture which has not been taken up by the batt and carries it to a bag filter collector (not shown) where it is separated from any entrained fibers and screened, thereafter being returned to the mixing supply tank (not shown) .
  • the applicator 13 has an efficiency of better than 95% in the polymer mixture applied and prevents any dust from escaping into the environment.
  • Figures 3 and 4 shows the manner in which the raw batt 47 is contacted with the mixture of heat responsive polymer particles 33, 34 and starch particles such as the particles 35, 36.
  • a quantity of heat-responsive polymer is mixed with a quantity of starch in a vessel (not shown) to form a fiber-binder mixture containing polymer particles such as the particles 33, 34, and starch particles such as the particles 35, 36.
  • This fiber-binder mixture is mixed with air under pressure which is conveyed to a wand 38 positioned above the raw batt 47. The length of the wand 38 is transverse to the direction of advance of the raw batt 47.
  • This fiber-binder mixture is provided to the wand 38 as shown by the arrow 62.
  • the fiber-binder mixture is then sprayed vertically downwardly onto the raw batt 47 through a slot 40 (See Figure 4) which extends along the length of the wand 38 and therefore across the raw batt 47.
  • the air with entrained polymer and starch particles passes through the raw batt 47. While passing through the batt 47 most of the particles are retained uniformly within the batt. The air is collected by means (not shown) as it leaves the batt
  • any polymer and starch mixture not taken up by the batt is carried to a bag house collector (not shown) from which it is screened from fibers and the good polymer and starch mixture is returned to the applicator 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows the oven 14 which is provided with heating means, such as electrical resistance 52.
  • the temperature within the oven 14 can be controlled by a thermostat 53.
  • the oven 14 is also provided with air circulating means such as a fan (not shown) that causes the hot air to circulate in the direction shown by the arrows 55 and 56.
  • This hot air heats and melts the particles 33, 34 of the heat-responsive fiber-binder causing them to engage the intersections of the fibers and further causes them to cross link thereby hardening the heat-responsive fiber-binder.
  • the resultant product is the partially cured batt 58.
  • This batt may have a widely varying density but generally has a density of from about 0.004 to about 0.4 and preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.1 grams per cubic centimeter.
  • Figure 6 shows a portion of the partially cured batt 58, as it leaves the oven 14.
  • Polymer particles such as the particles 33, 34 adhere to fibers 20, 20', 20".
  • the polymer particles 33, 34 have melted and have engaged the intersections of the fibers 20, 20', 20".
  • the batt 58 also has adhering to the fibers 20, 20', 20", starch particles, such as the particles 35, 36. These starch particles 35, 36 adhere to the fibers, such as the fibers 20., 20', 20", but do not, at this stage of the process, bind the fibers together.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the hot molding of batts of the present invention.
  • the partially-cured batt 58 is placed between an open male mold half 70 and an open female mold half 72.
  • the male mold half 70 may be provided with passages 74, 76, adapted to receive a heated fluid such as steam or hot oil.
  • the female mold half 72 has a fluid receiving passage 78. The two mold halves 70, 72 together form a mold.
  • the mold halves 70, 72 are closed causing the partially-cured batt 58 to take the form of the mold halves 70, 72.
  • Steam is created in situ while the mold halves 70, 72 are together.
  • the steam can be created by any convenient means.
  • One means is to spray the partially cured batt 58 with a quantity of water prior to placing the batt 58 between the mold halves 70, 72.
  • the sensible heat of the mold halves 70, 72 converts any water to steam and first swells while further curing the polymer as the steam escapes the mold through holes or slots in the bottom mold (not shown) .
  • the article 80 gains additional strength and toughness when it is removed from the mold and the heat responsive polymer is allowed to cool and become hard.
  • the temperature of the mold halves 70, 72 can vary widely but generally they are heated to a temperature of from about 200°C (392° F) to about 230°C (450°F) .
  • Figure 9 shows the shaped article 80.
  • Figure 10 shows a measuring device 82 which can be used to test the bending resistance of partially and fully cured batts of the present invention as well as shaped articles.
  • the device 82 has a base 84 carrying a scale 86 and a flat horizontal surface 88.
  • a sample to be tested, such as the pad 58 is selected and immediately upon its removal from the press is placed in the apparatus shown in Figure 10 wherein 20 centimeters of the article is held in a horizontal position while the remaining 28 centimeters is allowed to deflect downwards of its own weight and the amount of deflection (interpreted as sample firmness) read from the scale 86 of the apparatus 82.
  • the batt 58 has a bending resistance of about 90 to 95%.
  • a weight can be added to the end 94 of the sample 90. The mass of this weight is recorded as part of the measuring procedure.
  • the test sample 90 can be held in place by the clamp 92.
  • Figure 11 shows an automobile 94 with installed hood liner 95 and package tray 96.
  • Figures 12, 13, and 14 show the automobile package tray 96 which has holes, 97, 98 adapted to receive stereo 'speakers and hole 100 adapted to receive a brake light.
  • Figure 14 which is on an enlarged scale compared to that of Figure 13, shows that the package tray 96 has a central portion 102 that is wider than the end portion 104. Even considering this difference in thickness the number of fibers per square centimeter of surface area and the amount of fiber-binder per square centimeter of surface area is substantially the same.
  • B. Fiber means low-melting polypropylene binder-fiber.
  • HPT Stch means Hydroxypropyl tapioca starch.
  • W. Stch means Wheat starch.
  • C. Stch means Corn starch.
  • T. Stch means Tapioca starch.
  • FL means Flex-Lok ® S4000 which is a mixture of epoxy and epoxy-polyester scrap powder paints sold by RAMCON-Fiberlok, Inc. of Memphis, Tennessee.
  • Buckite ® 3 which is an epoxy polymer formulated with Shell Chemical Epon epoxy polymer and Epicure P-101 epoxy hardener. Buckite ® 3 is sold by RAMCON-Fiberlok, Inc. of Memphis, Tennessee.
  • FL033 means a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate based thermoplastic powdered polymer sold by Ramcon-Fiberlok, Inc. of Memphis, Tennessee, USA under the trade name FL-033.
  • Water% means weight percent of water added to the batt prior to pressing, based on total weight of fibers, fiber-binders and water.
  • load% means weight percent of sample that is fiber-binder.
  • Weight means weight in grams of the 48cm x 48cm sample.
  • Thin means thickness in millimeters of the 48cm x 48cm sample after pressing.
  • HF means hot flex and is the relative flexibility of the 48cm x 48cm sample as measured immediately after removing from the hot press using the flexibility apparatus 82.
  • the scale is from 100 units (no flexibility) to -10 units (complete flexibility) .
  • CF means cold flex; and is the relative flexibility of the 48cm x 48cm sample measured when the sample is at room temperature and with a 454 gram weight attached to the outer edge of the sample on the flexibility measuring apparatus 82.
  • the scale is from 100 units (no flexibility) to -10 units (complete flexibility) .
  • Fiber Binder means the particular fiber-binder used in the example. Where the fiber-binder is preceded by a number, the relative percent of ingredient is indicated. For example, 80FL/20C.Stch represents 80 weight percent Flex-Lok ® S4000 Fiber- Binder and 20 weight percent corn starch as a mixture.
  • the inventive and comparative batts were prepared in exactly the same way on the RAMCON-Fiberlok apparatus 10 shown in figures 1 and 2.
  • the fiber or fiber mix was placed on the feed chute 18 and processed through the garnet 11 which formed a fiber web 61 centimeters wide.
  • This web 39 was carried on the cross-laying mechanism 12 where it is cross-laid on a conveyor 45 to form a loose fiber batt.
  • the batt was then carried forward on a conveyor running at right angles to the direction in which the web was produced and carried through the system-six applicator 13.
  • the amount of inventive fiber-binder polymer and starch mixture was entrained in an air stream and applied to the batt from both above and below.
  • the comparative binders were applied in the same way.
  • the resultant uncured batt was passed through the oven 14 at a temperature of 121° C where the residence was one minute resulting in a partially cured batt 58 shown emerging from the oven 14.
  • the batt sample is cut into 48 x 48 x 2.5 centimeter samples which are sprayed on the top and bottom surfaces with water evenly distributed so that they contain the amount of absorbed water shown in the example.
  • Two moistened batts are placed on top of each other in a hydraulic press between two heated platens. Poly (tetrafluoroethylene) woven fabrics are used above and below the batts to prevent sticking.
  • the bottom platen of the press is equipped with narrow slots to allow steam to escape during the pressing process.
  • the batts are pressed together at 204°C for two to five minutes as shown in each example to a thickness of 3.2 millimeters to 4.8 millimeters, also shown in each example.
  • the hot molded non-woven shaped article is removed from the hot press and immediately placed in the measuring device 82 shown in Figure 10 wherein 20 centimeters of the shaped article is held in a horizontal position while the remaining 28 centimeters is allowed to deflect downwards of its own weight.
  • the amount of deflection is read from the scale 86 of the device 82.
  • a shaped article which shows no deflection would have a reading of 100 units and an article which deflects so much that it hangs down vertically would show a deflection of -10 units.
  • the shaped article After the shaped article has cooled to room temperature it is again placed in the device 82 of Figure 10 and a 454 gram weight is attached along the overhanging edge of the 48 centimeter x 48 centimeter piece, and the cold deflection is measured in the same way as described above.
  • shoddy fiber is used.
  • the shoddy used in this example is a mixture of fibers reclaimed from old clothing and other sources. It is about 60% by weight synthetic fibers and 40% by weight cotton.
  • the synthetic fibers are a mixture of fibers of poly (ethylene terephthalate), nylon and acrylic. The test results are shown below in Table 1 wherein "Ex.” means Example Number. Examples 2-23
  • Example 2 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in these examples low- melting polypropylene binder-fiber is mixed with the shoddy fiber to give an approximately 80% shoddy, 20% low-melt fiber blend. No thermoset or thermoplastic particulate binder is present. The results are recorded in Table 2 below. Table 2
  • inventive example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in comparative example 34 no thermoset or thermoplastic binder is used in conjunction with the corn starch. Because no thermoplastic or thermoset binder is used in the process, the resultant batts are very fragile and great care is taken when handling, cutting and pressing the batts.
  • inventive example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in comparative example 35 no thermoset or thermoplastic binder is used in conjunction with the corn starch. Because no thermoplastic or thermoset binder is used in the process, the resultant batts are very fragile and great care is taken when handling, cutting and pressing the batts.
  • inventive example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in comparative example 36 epoxy based scrap powder paint binder is used. No corn starch is used in these samples. The samples are not moistened prior to molding.
  • inventive example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in comparative example 37 epoxy based scrap powder paint binder is used. No corn starch is used in these samples. The samples are not moistened prior to molding.
  • inventive example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in comparative example 38 epoxy based scrap powder paint binder is used. No corn starch is used in these samples. The samples are not moistened prior to molding.
  • inventive example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in comparative example 39 epoxy based scrap powder paint binder is used. No corn starch is used in these samples. The samples are not moistened prior to molding.
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 40 phenolic powdered binder (from Borden chemicals) is used. No corn starch is used in these samples. The samples are not moistened prior to molding.
  • phenolic powdered binder from Borden chemicals
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 41 phenolic powdered binder (from Borden chemicals) is used. No corn starch is used in these samples. The samples are not moistened prior to molding.
  • phenolic powdered binder from Borden chemicals
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 42 phenolic powdered binder (from Borden chemicals) is used. No corn starch is used in these samples. The samples are not moistened prior to molding .
  • phenolic powdered binder from Borden chemicals
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 43 phenolic powdered binder (from Borden chemicals) is used. No corn starch is used in these samples. The samples are not moistened prior to molding.
  • phenolic powdered binder from Borden chemicals
  • Example 45 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 44 wheat starch is employed as the moisture-sensitive fiber-binder. Fiber-Binder Load% Water% Wt. Thick Ptime HF CF 37FL/63 W.Stch 42 45 567 3.2 5min 91 84 Inventive Example 45
  • Example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 45 wheat starch is employed as the moisture-sensitive fiber-binder.
  • Fiber-Binder Load% Water% Wt. Thick Ptime HF CF 37FL/63 W.Stch 42 46 567 4.8 5min 91 90Inventive Example 46
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 46 hydroxypropyl tapioca starch is employed as the moisture- sensitive fiber-binder.
  • Example 48 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 47 tapioca starch is employed as the moisture-sensitive fiber-binder. Fiber-Binder Load% Water% Wt. Thick Ptime HF CF 37FL/63 T.Stch 40 52 554 4.8 5min 93 91 Comparative Example 48
  • inventive sample y wherein the fiber-binder is a low melting fiber of polypropylene, has almost twice the tensile strength (98/50.5) of that of comparative sample z.
  • inventive sample x has almost six times (290/50.5) the tensile strength.
  • example 49 the inventive Fiber-Binder is a mixture of corn starch and Buckite ® 3 epoxy Fiber-Binder (B3) .
  • example 50 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 50 the inventive Fiber-Binder is a mixture of corn starch and Buckite ® 3 epoxy Fiber-Binder (B3) .
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 51 the Flex-Lok ® S4000 of example 1 is replaced by an equal weight of thermoplastic polyethylene powder (PE) which is mixed with the corn starch.
  • PE thermoplastic polyethylene powder
  • the batts are pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10.
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 52 the Flex-Lok ® S4000 of example 1 is replaced by an equal weight of thermoplastic polyethylene powder (PE) which is mixed with the corn starch.
  • PE thermoplastic polyethylene powder
  • the batts are pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10.
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 53 the Flex-Lok ® S4000 of example 1 is replaced by a nearly equal weight of thermoplastic vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate powder (FL033) which is mixed with the corn starch.
  • the batts are pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10.
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 54 the Flex-Lok ® S4000 of example 1 is replaced by a nearly equal weight of thermoplastic vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate powder (FL033) which is mixed with the corn starch.
  • the batts are pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10.
  • example 55 low-melting polypropylene binder-fiber (B-fiber) is mixed with the shoddy fiber to give an approximately 75% shoddy, 25% low-melt fiber blend. No additional thermoset, thermoplastic or starch particulate binder is used in example 55.
  • the batt is pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10.
  • example 56 low-melting polypropylene binder-fiber (B-fiber) is mixed with the shoddy fiber to give an approximately 75% shoddy, 25% low-melt fiber blend. No additional thermoset, thermoplastic or starch particulate binder is used in example 56.
  • the batt is pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10.
  • example 57 FL-033 thermoplastic powdered binder polymer is used. No additional thermoset, thermoplastic or starch particulate binder is used in example 57.
  • the batt is pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10. Fiber-Binder Load% Wt. Thick Ptime HF CF FL-033 25 472 3.2 3min 15 74
  • inventive example 15 is 480% (87 compared to 15) superior in hot flex (HF) and 17% (78 compared to 74) superior in cold flex (CF) .
  • Comparative Example 58 Comparative Example 58
  • example 58 FL-033 thermoplastic powdered binder polymer is used. No additional thermoset, thermoplastic or starch particulate binder is used in example 58.
  • the batt is pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10. Fiber-Binder Load% Wt. Thick Ptime HF CF FL-033 25 477 3.2 3min 12 75
  • example 59 polyethylene thermoplastic powdered binder polymer is used. No additional thermoset, thermoplastic or starch particulate binder is used in example 59.
  • the batt is pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10. Fiber-Binder Load% Wt. Thick Ptime HF CF Polyethylene 25 527 3.2 3min 1 73
  • example 1 The procedure of example 1 is repeated including times, temperatures, ingredients, etc. except in example 60 polyethylene thermoplastic powdered binder polymer is used. No additional thermoset, thermoplastic or starch particulate binder is used in example 60.
  • the batt is pre-cured at 204C on the apparatus 10. Fiber-Binder Load% Wt. Thick Ptime HF CF Polyethylene 25 531 3.2 3min 2 72
  • inventive example 15 is >1000% (87 compared to 2) superior in hot flex (HF) and 8% (78 compared to 72) superior in cold flex (CF) .

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'un article formé d'un nappage fibreux, non tissé, lié à partir de fibres. Dans un premier temps, on produit (A) un liant de fibres sensible à la chaleur, solide et sec, et dans un deuxième temps, (B) un liant de fibres sensible à l'humidité qui est un empois non gélifié, à l'état brut, particulaire, solide et sec qui gonfle et devient collant une fois qu'il a été en contact avec de l'humidité. On met en contact (A) et (B) avec les fibres pour former un nappage brut. Le nappage est chauffé à une température supérieure à celle du liant de fibres sensible à la chaleur, mais inférieure au point de fusion ou de brûlure des fibres, ce qui permet d'activer le liant de fibres sensible thermiquement pour convertir le nappage brut en un nappage partiellement traité. Ce dernier est mis en contact avec de la vapeur, ce qui provoque le gonflement du liant de fibres sensible à l'humidité qui devient alors collant et continue de lier les fibres.
PCT/US2001/011057 2000-05-19 2001-04-04 Nappages fibreux non tisses, articles formes, liants de fibres et procedes relatifs WO2001089782A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002210037A AU2002210037A1 (en) 2000-05-19 2001-04-04 Non-woven fibrous batts, shaped articles, fiber binders and related processes

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/574,199 2000-05-19
US09/574,199 US6296795B1 (en) 2000-05-19 2000-05-19 Non-woven fibrous batts, shaped articles, fiber binders and related processes
EP00305265A EP1162297A1 (fr) 2000-05-19 2000-06-21 Nappes fibreuses non tissées, articles moulés, liant pour fibres et procédés en rapport
EP00305265.1 2000-06-21

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WO2001089782A1 true WO2001089782A1 (fr) 2001-11-29

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047991A (en) * 1975-09-12 1977-09-13 Fiberlok, Inc. Polyester batt and method for producing such
US5804005A (en) * 1996-05-09 1998-09-08 Buck; George S. Bonding fibrous batts with thermosetting fiber-binders of certain expoxy resins

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047991A (en) * 1975-09-12 1977-09-13 Fiberlok, Inc. Polyester batt and method for producing such
US5804005A (en) * 1996-05-09 1998-09-08 Buck; George S. Bonding fibrous batts with thermosetting fiber-binders of certain expoxy resins

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