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WO2001089030A1 - Reseau d'antennes hybrides - Google Patents

Reseau d'antennes hybrides Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001089030A1
WO2001089030A1 PCT/EP2000/004496 EP0004496W WO0189030A1 WO 2001089030 A1 WO2001089030 A1 WO 2001089030A1 EP 0004496 W EP0004496 W EP 0004496W WO 0189030 A1 WO0189030 A1 WO 0189030A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna elements
base station
antenna
station according
signals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2000/004496
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Juha Ylitalo
Original Assignee
Nokia Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Corporation filed Critical Nokia Corporation
Priority to AU2000252139A priority Critical patent/AU2000252139A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2000/004496 priority patent/WO2001089030A1/fr
Publication of WO2001089030A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001089030A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H01Q25/008—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a base station in a mobile communication network, in particular a cellular mobile communication network comprising at least one antenna array with at least four, parallel arranged antenna elements, sending signals bearing dedicated as well as broadcast channels into a sector of interest beamforming means adjusting phase angle and/or amplitude of at least one of said signals being applied to the antenna elements, and a transceiver unit generating and receiving said signals.
  • the sector of interest may be in the azimuth plane as well as in the vertical plane.
  • antenna gain is proportional to the number of antenna elements in the antenna array and may be in the main direction about 20 dB. In the other directions, side lobe levels may be from -10 to -40 dB compared to the main beam.
  • directed beams interference levels in the network are reduced and thereby the capacity is increased.
  • antenna arrays can be used to create directed beams. These antenna arrays are two-dimensional antenna arrays which are fed by amplitude and/or phase angle weighted signals.
  • Adaptive antennae using fixed beams as well as adaptive beams are known. Adaptive beams are directed towards a dedicated mobile station and move according to the movement of the mobile station. Fixed beams have a dedicated direction and mobile stations being allocated in the sector of a directed beam use the available channels of this beam. In case the mobile station moves through a sector and leaves the sector of coverage of one beam, handover procedures ascertain that the mobile station uses the available channels of the next beam.
  • a known approach is to transmit a control channel simultaneously over the entire cell or cell sector region.
  • a separate sector antenna has to be used.
  • any additional antenna element has to be avoided.
  • a base station with an antenna array being capable of sending directed beams as well as undirected beams, whereby the size of the base station is kept small.
  • a base station wherein said antenna array comprises at least two groups of antenna elements, each group comprising at least two antenna elements, where one first group of antenna elements transmits at least one undirected beam, bearing at least one of said broadcast channel that is common for said whole sector, into said whole sector, and where one second group of antenna elements transmits at least two directed beams, each beam bearing said dedicated channels that are intended only for a part of said sector and each beam covering said part of said sector, respectively.
  • the antenna array can be kept small, as all antenna elements can be arranged within one antenna rado e.
  • the manufacturing of such an antenna array is easy, as all antenna elements are the same. There is no demand for two different types of antenna elements. It is understood that the sector of interest may be in the azimuth plane as well as the vertical plane.
  • the antenna array can be kept small and the mutual coupling between the antenna elements is equal.
  • the outermost antenna elements are dummy elements, which provide an equal mutual coupling characteristic among the antenna columns which are used for fixed beams. According to the invention, these dummy elements are used to transmit the broadcast channel. Such, the broadcast channel can be applied to the whole sector and the size of the antenna can be kept small. It is understood that a single directed beam is not limited only to its proposed direction. As can be seen in Fig. 1 the radiation power of a single beam is distributed in the azimuth plane.
  • the antenna gain is being adapted in a way, that the gain in the main direction is about 10 to 20 dB.
  • the gain of the first beam is in the order of 0 to -20 dB.
  • the base station can be part of a wide band code division multiple access (WCDMA) network, a time division multiple access (TDMA) network, or a global system for mobile communication (GSM) network. Said signals being transmitted by said base station comply with the respective standard.
  • WCDMA wide band code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • GSM global system for mobile communication
  • the beamforming means can be passive, where the directions of the directed beams are fixed.
  • a passive beamforming means is a butler matrix.
  • the advantage of the passive beamforming means is that the antenna elements do not require phase coherence between the transceiver and the beamformer. That allows the feeder cables to have arbitrary phases.
  • the butler matrix weights the phase angle and/or the amplitudes of the signals being fed to the antenna array in a way that the direction of the directed beams are fixed but cover the whole sector of coverage of the antenna array.
  • the use of a butler matrix minimises beamforming loss and generates orthogonal beams .
  • the beamforming means is a digital beamformer
  • the beams are fully steerable.
  • the digital beamformer is able to weight phase angle and/or amplitude of the transmitted signals in a way, that the direction of the beam is adapted to transmission needs. This is for example that ' the beam moves along with a mobile station through the whole sector of coverage of the antenna array.
  • the number of downlink beams can be increased by that approach.
  • the direction of arrival of the uplink signals at the antenna array has to be estimated by the beamforming means to direct the beam to the respective mobile station and to move the beam according to the movement of the mobile station.
  • the overall antenna gain can be increased by increasing the number of antennae elements in said antenna array.
  • Additional antennae can be vertically arranged in columns where up to 20 or more antennae can be in one column.
  • the sector of interest can be in the vertical plane.
  • each row of antennae may be fed with signals being phase angle and/or amplitude adjusted in a way that the beam is also formed in the vertical plane.
  • the size of said antenna array can be minimised.
  • the sector antennae which are the outermost dummy elements, can be arranged in a way that they have orthogonal polarisation. This would be for example +45°/ - 45° or horizontal/vertical polarisation.
  • Inter-element spacing of half a wavelength between antenna elements allow bea steering between -90°/+90° without grating lobes. These grating lobes are multiple main beams. They appear in case inter-element spacing is greater than one wavelength of a carrier frequency. The reason is the spatial Nyquist sampling criteria.
  • the antenna elements are equally spaced a part.
  • the number of useable beams within one sector can be increased, if the antenna elements transmit dual polarised signals. In this approach, any antenna element of the antenna array transmits dual polarised signals. Thus the number of beams is doubled.
  • At least two antenna arrays are arranged on a perimeter.
  • a complete cell can be covered.
  • each antenna array covers a cell sector of 120°. With four antenna elements per sector, two directed beams and one undirected beam cover each cell sector. In cases the signals are not dual polarised, the received signals of all antennae, including the dummy antennae, can be combined to generate a complete receive signal.
  • signals bearing broadcast channels are being amplified with separated amplifiers, which can be low power amplifiers and signals bearing dedicated channels are being amplified with power amplifiers, in particular wide band power amplifiers.
  • power amplifiers in particular wide band power amplifiers.
  • said received signals can be amplified with low noise amplifiers, which increases the reception quality.
  • Low noise amplifier as well as power amplifier can be integrated in said butler matrix as well as in said antenna elements.
  • the feeder cables can be sized smaller, which means that these cables are lighter and cheaper.
  • Fig. 1 shows the beam radiation pattern of one beam
  • Fig. 2 shows an antenna array arrangement
  • Fig. 3 shows one antenna element with micro strip patches
  • Fig. 4 shows the radiation pattern of an antenna array
  • Fig. 5 shows a cell with six directed and three sector beams.
  • Fig. 2 one possible embodiment of an antenna array is shown.
  • Four antenna elements 200, 202, 204 and 206 are arranged in columns besides each other.
  • the antenna elements are spaced in the order of half a wavelength apart.
  • the outermost antenna elements 200 and 202 are fed by a transceiver unit 210 with a broadcast channel.
  • the broadcast channel transmits signals being valid for a whole sector. This is for example a common pilot channel (CPICH) in wide band code division multiple access networks.
  • CPICH common pilot channel
  • These antenna elements 200, 202 transmit the broadcast channel in the whole sector.
  • the inner antenna elements 204, 206 are connected to the transceiver unit 210 via the butler matrix 208.
  • the signals generated by the transceiver unit 210 are phase shifted by the butler matrix 208 in a way that the antenna elements 204 and 206 transmit directed beams bearing dedicated channels.
  • the direction of the transmitted beams is chosen in a way that the whole sector is covered by a combination of the directed beams.
  • Said butler matrix 208 is connected to a low noise amplifier/wide band power amplifier 214,212 which includes also duplexers to separate a transmit Tx branch and a receive Rx branch.
  • Said low noise amplifier/wide band power amplifier 214,212 might also be integrated into the Butler matrix 208.
  • FIG. 3 one antenna element 202 of array 200, 202, 204, and 206 is shown.
  • This antenna element 202 comprises micro strip patches 300, 302, and 304.
  • the micro strip patches 300-304 are arranged in a way that the polarisation of the transmitted signals is horizontal/vertical. Instead of horizontal/vertical polarising patches, also cross polarising (+45°/-45°) patch elements can be used. Thus dual polarised elements or single polarised elements can be applied.
  • a coverage sector of an antenna array 400 is shown.
  • the broadcast channel is transmitted in a way that the signal can be received with a sufficient signal level in the area 402.
  • the dedicated channels are divided into four directed beams 404, 406, 408 and 410.
  • the directed beams cover in combination the whole sector of coverage.
  • a base station where three antenna arrays are arranged on a perimeter in a triangle 500. With such an arrangement, a whole cell can be covered with broadcast and dedicated channels.
  • Each antenna element of the triangle 500 transmits a broadcast channel into the sector 501a, 501b, 501c.
  • two dedicated channels are transmitted in beams 502a, 502b, 502c and 504a, 504b, 504c.
  • the interference ratio of adjacent cells is thus decreased and the available bandwidth can be used more efficiently.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une station de base dans un réseau de communication mobile. Cette station comporte, d'une part un réseau d'antennes servant à émettre des signaux portant des canaux dédiés ainsi que des canaux de radiodiffusion dans un domaine d'intérêt, d'autre part des organes de mise en forme des faisceaux pour régler l'angle de phase et/ou d'amplitude de l'un desdits signaux appliqués à l'antenne, et enfin un émetteur-récepteur. On a cherché à réaliser une station de base capable d'envoyer des faisceaux dirigés ainsi que des faisceaux non dirigés, tout en conservant à la station de base des petites dimensions. De fait, dans cette station, la matrice d'antennes comprend deux groupes d'éléments d'antenne. En l'occurrence, les éléments d'antenne du premier groupe émettent au moins un faisceau non dirigé porteur d'au moins un canal de radiodiffusion commun à l'ensemble du secteur, les éléments d'antenne du second groupe émettant au moins deux faisceaux dirigés, chaque faisceau portant lesdits canaux dédiés prévus pour une partie seulement dudit secteur.
PCT/EP2000/004496 2000-05-18 2000-05-18 Reseau d'antennes hybrides WO2001089030A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2000252139A AU2000252139A1 (en) 2000-05-18 2000-05-18 Hybrid antenna array
PCT/EP2000/004496 WO2001089030A1 (fr) 2000-05-18 2000-05-18 Reseau d'antennes hybrides

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2000/004496 WO2001089030A1 (fr) 2000-05-18 2000-05-18 Reseau d'antennes hybrides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001089030A1 true WO2001089030A1 (fr) 2001-11-22

Family

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PCT/EP2000/004496 WO2001089030A1 (fr) 2000-05-18 2000-05-18 Reseau d'antennes hybrides

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2000252139A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001089030A1 (fr)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003047027A1 (fr) * 2001-11-29 2003-06-05 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Diversite d'emission a deux faisceaux fixes
WO2004082070A1 (fr) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-23 Nortel Networks Limited Systeme et procede permettant de faire fonctionner une antenne reseau dans un reseau de communication sans fil reparti
EP1498986A1 (fr) * 2003-07-16 2005-01-19 Koninklijke KPN N.V. Système d'antenne pour la génération et l'utilisation de plusieurs faisceaux étroits à partir de plusieurs antennes à faisceaux larges
EP1416647A3 (fr) * 2002-11-04 2005-06-08 Nokia Corporation Procédé de transmission de données utilisant diversité d'antenne
WO2007025568A1 (fr) 2005-08-30 2007-03-08 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Systèmes et procédés destinés à une antenne de secteur multimode reconfigurable
CN100373810C (zh) * 2004-06-15 2008-03-05 Ut斯达康通讯有限公司 改善无线基站覆盖和提高容量的天线装置及信号处理方法
WO2007148943A3 (fr) * 2006-06-22 2008-03-20 Lg Electronics Inc Méthode de transfert de données utilisant un précodage à base de décalage et émetteur l'utilisant
EP1997332A4 (fr) * 2006-03-17 2011-05-11 Tenxc Wireless Inc Faisceaux asymetriques pour l'efficacite du spectre
US7979090B2 (en) * 2004-05-28 2011-07-12 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) TA update in adaptive antenna systems
CN103166691A (zh) * 2013-02-05 2013-06-19 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 一种智能天线及其激励方法
US8754810B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2014-06-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Hybrid adaptive antenna array
CN104012019A (zh) * 2011-10-27 2014-08-27 株式会社Ntt都科摩 用于支持多用户和单用户mimo系统的预编码矩阵反馈的低复杂度、秩可扩展的码书设计和方法
CN104639220A (zh) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-20 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 一种采用智能天线的信号收发装置和方法
WO2018103856A1 (fr) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Appareil, procédé et programme informatique pour générer des faisceaux de diffusion
US10333230B2 (en) 2015-06-16 2019-06-25 The Mitre Corporation Frequency-scaled ultra-wide spectrum element
US10854993B2 (en) 2017-09-18 2020-12-01 The Mitre Corporation Low-profile, wideband electronically scanned array for geo-location, communications, and radar
US10886625B2 (en) 2018-08-28 2021-01-05 The Mitre Corporation Low-profile wideband antenna array configured to utilize efficient manufacturing processes
US11069984B2 (en) 2015-06-16 2021-07-20 The Mitre Corporation Substrate-loaded frequency-scaled ultra-wide spectrum element

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WO1995034102A1 (fr) * 1994-06-03 1995-12-14 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Groupement d'antennes microruban
US5861844A (en) * 1994-11-29 1999-01-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for providing redundant coverage within a cellular communication system
EP0831551A2 (fr) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-25 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'antenne
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TAROMARU M ET AL: "DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNEL TRANSMISSION WITH ANTENNA DIRECTIVITY SWITCHING OR SPACE DIVERSITY AT BASE STATIONS", ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, PART I - COMMUNICATIONS,US,SCRIPTA TECHNICA. NEW YORK, vol. 81, no. 12, 1 December 1998 (1998-12-01), pages 45 - 54, XP000782782, ISSN: 8756-6621 *

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003047027A1 (fr) * 2001-11-29 2003-06-05 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Diversite d'emission a deux faisceaux fixes
CN1596487B (zh) * 2001-11-29 2011-10-05 艾利森电话股份有限公司 两个固定波束发射分集
US7970348B2 (en) * 2001-11-29 2011-06-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Two fixed-beams TX-diversity
EP1416647A3 (fr) * 2002-11-04 2005-06-08 Nokia Corporation Procédé de transmission de données utilisant diversité d'antenne
US7069052B2 (en) 2002-11-04 2006-06-27 Nokia Corporation Data transmission method in base station of radio system, base station of radio system, and antenna array of base station
WO2004082070A1 (fr) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-23 Nortel Networks Limited Systeme et procede permettant de faire fonctionner une antenne reseau dans un reseau de communication sans fil reparti
EP1498986A1 (fr) * 2003-07-16 2005-01-19 Koninklijke KPN N.V. Système d'antenne pour la génération et l'utilisation de plusieurs faisceaux étroits à partir de plusieurs antennes à faisceaux larges
US7979090B2 (en) * 2004-05-28 2011-07-12 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) TA update in adaptive antenna systems
CN100373810C (zh) * 2004-06-15 2008-03-05 Ut斯达康通讯有限公司 改善无线基站覆盖和提高容量的天线装置及信号处理方法
WO2007025568A1 (fr) 2005-08-30 2007-03-08 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Systèmes et procédés destinés à une antenne de secteur multimode reconfigurable
EP1997332A4 (fr) * 2006-03-17 2011-05-11 Tenxc Wireless Inc Faisceaux asymetriques pour l'efficacite du spectre
US8611462B2 (en) 2006-06-22 2013-12-17 Lg Electronics Inc. Data transfer method using phase-shift based precoding and transmitter implementing the same
WO2007148943A3 (fr) * 2006-06-22 2008-03-20 Lg Electronics Inc Méthode de transfert de données utilisant un précodage à base de décalage et émetteur l'utilisant
US8754810B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2014-06-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Hybrid adaptive antenna array
CN104012019B (zh) * 2011-10-27 2017-06-06 株式会社Ntt都科摩 用于支持多用户和单用户mimo系统的预编码矩阵反馈的低复杂度、秩可扩展的码书设计和方法
CN104012019A (zh) * 2011-10-27 2014-08-27 株式会社Ntt都科摩 用于支持多用户和单用户mimo系统的预编码矩阵反馈的低复杂度、秩可扩展的码书设计和方法
CN103166691A (zh) * 2013-02-05 2013-06-19 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 一种智能天线及其激励方法
CN103166691B (zh) * 2013-02-05 2016-02-24 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 一种智能天线及其激励方法
CN104639220A (zh) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-20 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 一种采用智能天线的信号收发装置和方法
US11069984B2 (en) 2015-06-16 2021-07-20 The Mitre Corporation Substrate-loaded frequency-scaled ultra-wide spectrum element
US10333230B2 (en) 2015-06-16 2019-06-25 The Mitre Corporation Frequency-scaled ultra-wide spectrum element
US10340606B2 (en) 2015-06-16 2019-07-02 The Mitre Corporation Frequency-scaled ultra-wide spectrum element
US11088465B2 (en) 2015-06-16 2021-08-10 The Mitre Corporation Substrate-loaded frequency-scaled ultra-wide spectrum element
CN110024218A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2019-07-16 华为技术有限公司 用于生成广播波束的装置、方法以及计算机程序
US10693538B2 (en) 2016-12-08 2020-06-23 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Apparatus, method and computer program for generating broadcast beams
CN110024218B (zh) * 2016-12-08 2020-06-16 华为技术有限公司 用于生成广播波束的装置、方法以及计算机程序
WO2018103856A1 (fr) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Appareil, procédé et programme informatique pour générer des faisceaux de diffusion
US10854993B2 (en) 2017-09-18 2020-12-01 The Mitre Corporation Low-profile, wideband electronically scanned array for geo-location, communications, and radar
US12003030B2 (en) 2017-09-18 2024-06-04 The Mitre Corporation Low-profile, wideband electronically scanned array for integrated geo-location, communications, and radar
US10886625B2 (en) 2018-08-28 2021-01-05 The Mitre Corporation Low-profile wideband antenna array configured to utilize efficient manufacturing processes
US11670868B2 (en) 2018-08-28 2023-06-06 The Mitre Corporation Low-profile wideband antenna array configured to utilize efficient manufacturing processes
US12051854B2 (en) 2018-08-28 2024-07-30 The Mitre Corporation Low-profile wideband antenna array configured to utilize efficient manufacturing processes

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