WO2001059794A2

WO2001059794A2 - Heat exchanger for geothermal heat-or cold storage

Info

Publication number: WO2001059794A2
Application number: PCT/YU2001/000001
Authority: WO
Inventors: Milan Kekanovic
Original assignee: Milan Kekanovic
Priority date: 2000-02-10
Filing date: 2001-02-07
Publication date: 2001-08-16
Also published as: AU3502201A; WO2001059794A3

Abstract

The invention is about production of depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde (1) for heating and cooling walls and rooms by solar energy with solar collector-concentrators (16), so the heat is by thermal oil in copper pipes (5) transported into the ground around depth vertical sonde (1). Ventilator (10) placed in depth vertical sonde (1) is used for throwing the accumulated heat into lower system of pipes (26) placed through special ceramic burned modular blocks (25). Using those blocks, walls became a heating surface in the winter and there is a possibility to cooling the walls in the summer. Through upper system of pipes (28) and pipes (3) used warm air is transported back to depth vertical sonde (1). Said sonde (1) can be used for cooling, too. Ventilator (10) sucks out the warm air from the walls and the rooms and through the upper system of pipes (28) and through ventilating wholes (29) the air is transported into depth vertical sonde where it is cooled of and finally it is transported back to lower system of pipes (26) and than this air is cooling of the walls and the rooms.

Description

DEPTH ACCUMULATIVE - COOLING SONDE FOR HEATING AND COOLING

Technical Field

The subject of the invention, generally speaking, belongs to the field of mechanical engineering, or in to the field of heating - cooling technique. According to the International classifications of patents (ICP) the subject of the invention can be market with the following classification symbols: F 24.J. 2/04, F. 25. 27/00, F 28. D. 21/00, E. 04. C. 1/24 and E. 04. C.

5/065.

The Technical Problem

The technical problem is to be solved with the invention is: how to accumulate bigger quantity of the heat, with no use of classical system of thermo-accumulative furnaces. The aim of the inventor is to construct a system cheaper than the existing ones and with the possibility to extract the warm air in to the walls with cavities. The said system must be used the summer for ventilation, for cooling the walls.

With this invention author proves that it can be possible by using vertical depth accumulative-cooling sonde, which can be used for heating as well as for cooling.

Current State of Technolog /Background Art

Today, in the world there are several systems for heating and cooling.

The oldest and the simplest ones are the furnaces, which uses hard, fluid or gas fuel. Those furnaces have high temperature, but the heat is coming out with a small degree of utilization, because the heat is concentrated in one spot with a small volume and with a small heating surface. The big quantity of the heat is lost with the smoke through the flue. In these systems the extracting of the smoke is not perfect, so many times the smoke comes into the room also. This heating system is the most expensive and most irrational one too, so nowadays it is rarely used.

There is a district heating systems too, where radiators heat the rooms, by using water or steam coming from central boiler. This system can be used for a single-family house, for the residential building or even for a few blocks of the city. District heating systems are working with high temperatures, so the air is drying out, while the heating is steel irrational with relatively small heating surfaces. The maintenance of this systems cost a lot, too. The system which uses heating pump utilizes the heating itself, but this system uses relatively small temperatures, so the heating surfaces must be large, so heating surfaces are walls or floors.

Using the floors as heating surfaces has several disadvantages, such as: this is not very healthy, especially for knuckles or veins. Using walls for heating surfaces is rear, thanks to the fact that it is difficult to build such walls. The maintenance of those systems is rather expensive, but one of the good sizes is that that system can be used for cooling of during the summer.

The system of passive solar heating using glass solariums works only when there is sunshine, so there have to be an alternative heating in the building. In the summer solarium makes a few difficulties. The heat accumulators are placed horizontally under the building, so there is a problem to transport the heat from the solarium into the horizontal accumulator, or to use the heat from the heat accumulator. The system of active solar heating by using solar collectors placed on the roof uses water, so the heated water is transported to the heating surfaces, or to the horizontal accumulator placed under the building. But these systems cannot work when there is no sunshine, so in the winter you must use some other systems. The ancient citizens of Rome use the system of heating which uses hot air to transport heat. The hot air produced in one place, like a furnace, is transported by system of pipes or through the walls into the rooms. The modernized systems like that are used even nowadays.

The systems of collecting the solar energy, so-called solar collectors are constructed in different shapes. Usually those are roof plate collectors with absorber qualities. In systems works with those collectors the water or some other fluid are used as a medium. That collector can heat the fluid up to 100°C and that is why this system requires relatively big collectors, so it can makes the outlook of the roof rather bad. That is why the collector-concentrator is found, which using the system of flat mirrors, which concentrates, focuses solar energy into one point placed on a tower. Those systems are used for heating a blocks of houses because it produced a bigger quantity of energy. Spherical mirror can be used for collectors-concentrator, too. This system is rather small, but the energy can be accepted only in the focus, so there is a big chance that this system would not use the whole quantity of the energy transported from the mirrors.

Usually when there is a need to bigger heating surfaces we use floors as heating surfaces. Till now, circling of air in the wall was impossible without a special pipe-system built inside the whole wall. But the system of building walls by using blocks-element registered by the number P- 430/98 YU in Yugoslavia, or by the number PCT/YU 99/00007 on PCT, made with different materials and using different technologies, but with similarities in their construction, both invented by the same author, enables the circling of air inside the walls. The Essence of the Invention

Depth vertical accumulative - cooling sonde for heating and cooling walls and rooms are constructed as highly rational system, so the energy saving is high, the cost of maintenance of this system is low and this system will be used practically during the whole year. Considering the fact that in the winter this system will be used for heating, while during the summer it will be used for cooling the walls and the rooms, it will provide, using almost a natural processes, an optimal temperature in our living space, so being in that rooms will be pleasant with no harmful effects for the human health. Depth sonde is vertical, which means that it will be drilled vertically into the ground inside the foundation of the building. The whole must be 10 meters depth and its diameter should be φ> 250 mm. After drilling the sonde is placed into the whole. Sonde has a longitudinal, corrugated pipe made of chrome steel and with thin walls. Through this pipe the warmed or cooled air is transported into the rooms. The space between the sonde and the ground around the sonde is filled with clay dissolved in water. Inside this bigger pipe there is a smaller chrome steel pipe, which enables the transportation of the air into the sonde. Heaters are placed on the lower part of the smaller pipe. These heaters enable the warming up of the air in the winter. Thin copper, insulated, anticorrosive protected pipe is spirally wrapped around the bigger corrugated pipe. The water or thermal oil heated by solar collectors on the roof is transported to this copper pipe.

Solar collector-concentrator is calotte-shaped mirror, which diameter is equal or even bigger than two meters and with a chord equal or even bigger than one meter. The solar energy is focused in one point, where the whole energy is concentrated. The solution of sodium's salts NaN0₃ placed in copper cylindrical vessel is heated by that energy. This copper vessel is places in the point of focusing the energy and it is electrolytic covered with black chrome in the aim to increasing the absorption. The copper pipe is penetrating that vessel and this pipe is filled with thermal oil, which is transporting the heat from the collector, through the depth vertical sonde into the ground around the sonde.

In the aim to disables the loss of energy due to the reflection in the focus, the ring shaped mirror is placed around the point of the focusing. The heat accumulated around the sonde can be moved from the state of rest by using cooling rings placed around the external corrugated chrome steel pipe. This rings is constructed to be a reserve, alternative system. On the upper size of sonde the ventilator is placed into the sonde, in the aim to extract the warm air from the sonde and to transport that air into the lower horizontal system of pipes placed inside the walls near the floor of the room. From this system of pipes the warm air is transported into the vertical cavities of the blocks in the wall. These cavities are vertically covering each other, so the warm air flows to the upper parts of the wall where the other system of pipes is placed in the aim to transport the air from the cavities I the wall and from the rooms back to the thinner chrome steel pipe in the depth vertical sonde. Depth sonde is working as cooling system in the summer. The upper system of pipes in the walls extracts he warm air from the rooms and from the cavities inside the walls, transports this warm air into the thinner pipe in the sonde where through the internal sides of the walls of external pipe the air is cooled of. This air, cooled of in the sonde, is transported by using ventilator placed on the upper side of depth sonde, back to the lower system of pipes in the walls. Through the wholes placed on the wall this air is penetrating the rooms where it is cooled the existing air and the room itself.

Building the walls with modular, bearing, insulating, heating-ventilating blocks with several chambers made from burned ceramic enables the warming of the walls. Due to the fact that these blocks have several types of cavities, the horizontal heating and ventilating system of pipes made from galvanised sheet iron can be put into the walls. Due to the fact that the cavities in the wall vertically covers each other, the air can flow inside the wall in vertical direction, so the wall is heated in the winter or cooled of in the summer. The cavities placed on the external side of the blocks are filled with insulating concrete.

Short Description of the Figures

In the aim to better understanding the invention: depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde for heating and cooling the walls and the rooms, the following figures are given: • Figure 1 is an axonometric scheme of system for heating the surfaces of the wall by depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde

Figure 2 is an axonometric scheme of system for cooling the rooms and the surfaces of the walls by using depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde

Figure 3 is an longitudinal profile of the depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde • Figure 4 is a cross-section IV - VI, through the sonde on the placed where the warming is taking place

Figure 5 is a cross-section I-II, through the sonde on the place where the sonde is insulated

Figure 6 is a cross-section HI-HI of the cooling ring placed on the exterior side of depth vertical sonde • Figure 7 is a cross-section II-II with a view to thermo insulating "tenon" in depth sonde

Figure 8 is a cross-section through the lower conveyance and upper outlet of the air in the wall as well as the main floor conveyance of the air

Figure 9 is a vertical section the collector-concentrator on the roof

Figure 10 is a base-section V-VI of the collector-concentrator • Figure 11 is a base - section VI- VI of the collector-concentrator • Figure 12 shows the modular, bearing, insulating, heating- ventilating, block with a several chambers made from burned ceramic Detail Description of the Invention

Depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde (1), with length H> 10m, for heating and cooling walls and rooms are constructively made from several parts. First there is an external pipe (2) made of chrome steel, with diameter φ > 200 mm. The outlook of this pipe is star-like, so the surface of acceptation or of revelation of the energy could be bigger. Inside the external star-like pipe (2), there is a smaller steel-steel pipe (3), diameter φ> 48 mm which enables the conveyance of the air into the bigger pipe (2). On the lower internal pipe (3) there are electro-heaters (4): so the accumulative zone can be heated up. Thin copper pipe (5) φ>10 mm, anticorrosive protected, is spirally wrapped around the external bigger star-like pipe. Hot liquid (water, thermo-oil. etc) is transported through the thin copper pipe (5) and this liquid is revelling its heat on to the ground around the sonde. This revelling is starting on the lowest point and than it is extending to the upper parts in the aim to accumulate huge quantity of heat in the ground below the bases of the building.

In the summer, where there is a lot of sunshine and there is no need for taking out the accumulated heat, we can accumulate the heat around the sonde. In the aim to prevent the loss of accumulated heat we can use star-like thermo insulating "tenon" (6) made from mineral fibbers, which will automatically close or open. The lower part of this "tenon" (6) must be fix, while the upper part is moving.

On the location of the thermo insulating "tenon" (6), depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde (1) is consisting of: external cylindrical, metal, galvanized pipe (7), φ>200 mm, which is joining on its lower part to the external star-like pipe (2). On the upper part of the cylindrical pipe (7), pipe for conveyance the air (3) is moved from the internal to the eternal part of the depth vertical sonde (1). The upper part of the cylindrical pipe (7) is joining with upper cylindrical chrome-steel pipe (8), φ>200 mm, which is placed on the external side and which is joining with star-like pipe (2) and the external cylindrical chrome-steel pipe (9), φ>100 mm, so the space between the external cylindrical pipe (8) and the internal cylindrical pipe (9) is filled with thermo insulating mineral fibbers. The four-sped ventilator (10) is placed inside the internal cylindrical pipe (9). This ventilator (10) moves the air in the system of pipes, which means that this ventilator (10) extracts the warm air from depth vertical sonde (1) and from the space inside the external star- like pipe (2) in the winter and transport the air from the system of pipes in the wall into the sonde (1) through the internal chrome-steel pipe (3). In the summer, the four-speed ventilator is used for throwing the air into the external star-like pipe (2), where the air is cooled of, so the ventilator helps to extract that air into the system of pipes in the walls. Depth vertical sonde (1) ends, on it lower part, with chrome-steel cup (11). Stiffening rings (12) is placed inside external star-like pipe (2) and their distance is 100 cm, each from another. There is a possibility that taking of the heat from the ground around the sonde is hard, so the cooling-rings (13) are placed around the external star-like pipe (2) on the upper part of depth vertical sonde (1), at the length of 50 cm. Cooling-ring (13) is consist of copper, galvanised pipes (14), φ >_15 mm, wrapped around the external chrome- steel pipe (15), φ > 260 mm, while the space between the external cylindrical pipe 915) and external star-like pipe (2) is filled with thermo insulating material made from mineral fibbers. Copper pipes (14) can be connected to cooling system or simply to water main. Cold fluid is transported through the copper pipes (14), so temperature difference is made on the zone of cooling-rings (13). The temperature difference will move the heat from the ground around depth sonde (1) into the place of that difference, so the heat moves into depth sonde (1). In the aim to enable the maintenance of ventilator (10) there is an access shaft on the upper part of depth sonde, at the place of cylindrical pipes (8) and (9). Similarly, access shaft on the place of cylindrical pipe (7) is used for maintenance of thermo insulating star-like "tenon" (6) and access shaft on the internal pipe (3) is used for maintenance the heaters (4), which is hanging of a galvanised, steel wire. That wire can be moved to the access shaft, too. When depth sonde (1) is placed, the space between sonde (1) and the ground around it is filled under the presser with clay dissolved in water. Thin copper pipes (5) are connected to solar collector-concentrator (16), which is consist of calotte-shaped mirror (17), diameter R> 4m and with chord t > 2m. On the lowest part of the mirror there is a whole where the copper pipe (5) penetrates the mirror and the precipitations are eliminated from the mirror. The solar energy is focused by the mirror ( 17) into the receiver ( 18), placed nearly above the mirror (17) and fixed with crossways steel holders (19). Receiver (18) is consisting of upper cylindrical copper pipe (2), φ > 40 mm, protected with black chrome by electrolyse. Solar energy is focused at copper pipe (20), which end is enlarged in to a bigger copper pipe (21), φ > 140 mm, which external side is covered with thermo insulating material made from mineral fibbers. Thin copper pipes (22), covered with black chrome, are placed inside the bigger copper pipe (21), which as a cap covers the receiver (18). Copper pipes (22) also covers the upper side of the receiver (21), where, inside of it, the ring shaped mirror (23) is placed. This ring-shaped mirror turns solar energy energy back to cylindrical copper pipe (20) and to the receiver (18), if there is any reflexion during focusing of energy.

Copper pipe (5) is placed inside receiver (18). This pipe takes over the energy from the sodium 's-salts solution, NaNo₃, in the receiver. Copper pipe is insulated on the both sides of the receiver (18) in the aim that the loss of energy is lower.

The construction of the girders of mirror, as well as the fixing and moving mode of the collector-concentrator is not the subject of this invention. In the invention the existing girders, fixers and movers are used. Ventilator (10) extracts the warm or the cooled air from depth vertical sonde (1) and transports it to quadrangular thin walled zinc sheet pipes (24) placed inside ceramic modular blocks (25) in the walls, nearly above the floors, as well to lower thin walled galvanised pipes (26). Warm air is transported through thin walled pipes (25) and it gives of the heat by conduction and by radiation inside the wall itself. Ventilating channels with pipe closers (27), which can be closed or opened, are placed on the lower system of pipes (26). Upper system of pipes (28) is placed inside the walls made of ceramic modular blocks (25) near the ceiling. This upper system of pipes (28) is consisting of galvanised thin walled pipes connected to chrome steel pipe (3), which conveyances the air into depth vertical sonde (1). There are ventilating channels with closers (29), which are placed on the upper system of pipes (28), too. Lower system of pipes (26) is connected to upper system of pipes (28) with vertical quadrangular thin walled pipe (30), on the places, which is mostly away from the conveyance pipe (24). High-temperature pump (31) moves the liquid medium (water, thermal oil, etc) in copper pipes (5). The high temperature of medium raises the presser in the copper pipes (5), so expansion vessel (32) is connected to copper pipes (5).

Cooling the walls and rooms starts with extracting the warm air from the walls and rooms through ventilating channels (29) with closers into the upper system of pipes (28), or with extracting warm air from the cavities in ceramic modular blocks (25). Through the pipe (3) warm air is transported into depth vertical sonde (1), where the air is cooled of inside external star-like pipe (2), so by using ventilator (10) cooled air penetrates into pipes (24) and (26) at the lower system of pipes with exacts that the walls are cooled of, as well as the air in the rooms by using ventilating channels (27) with closers.

Figure 12. is an axonometric scheme of burned ceramic modular block with several chambers, which is used for building walls and with possibility to use this blocks to build wall heating, thanks to its performances.

Those blocks are consisting of external walls, which are by the angle of 45° transforming to external walls (42), so the grooves (41) are made. The technology of drying blocks made us to construct extra wholes (40) in the walls (42). The middle part of ceramic burned block (25) in constructed so that there are bigger quadrangular cavities (33) and smaller rectangle-shaped cavities (34) (or (35), or (36), or (37), according of their place) around the bigger cavities (33). Ceramic burned blocks (25) enables perfect joints, because it is modular, with modules length: width is 4:3, and all the cavities are placed on the way that cavities vertically cover each other. The moulds on the external side of ceramic block (25) and the way of its construction enable the forming of external moulds (41). Potential Application of the Invention in Industry or Elsewhere

Some of the parts, such as depth vertical sonde (1), solar collector-concentrator (16), burned ceramic modular blocks (25), of this invention can be produced in serial production in the industry. The placing of depth vertical sonde (1) in the buildings will be individual.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde for heating and cooling walls and rooms, with high degree of utilization, because in the winter it is used for heating walls, while in the summer it is used for cooling walls by using special blocks for building, so during the longer period, by using solar energy, hugh quantity of heat is accumulated in the ground under the base of the building practically with no cost and with no need to be maintained in the aim that clime in our living space can be regulated with no harmful effects for our health, is characterized by that depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde (1), length H > 10 m, consisting from following parts: external star-like chrome-steel pipe (2), φ > 200 mm, smaller chrome-steel pipe (3) inside of it, φ > 48 mm, electro-heaters (4) in the lower part of it, so copper anticorrosive protected pipes (5), φ > 10 mm, are wrapped around external star-like pipe (2), which is connected on its upper part to cylindrical chrome-steel pipe (7), φ > 200 mm, with thermo insulating star-like "tenon" (6) made from mineral fibres, where the smaller chrome-steel pipe (3) is moving from the middle part to external side of depth vertical accumulative-cooling sonde (1), so thermo insulation made from mineral fibres covers the space between upper part of external cylindrical chrome-steel pipe (8), φ > 200 mm , and internal cylindrical chrome- steel pipe (9), while four-speed ventilator (10) is placed inside cylindrical pipe (8) and cooling ring (13) consisting of external cylindrical chrome-steel pipe (15), φ > 260 mm, and copper pipe (14), φ > 15 mm, with the condition that depth accumulative-cooling sonde (1) on its lower part ends with chrome-steel cup (11) and that depth vertical sonde (1) is water-proved and that the space between depth vertical sonde (1) and ground around it is filled with clay dissolved in water.

2. Depth vertical accumulative sonde for heating, according to claim 1., is characterised by that depth vertical sonde (1) is connected with solar collector-concentrator (16), so that copper pipes (5) are penetrating the lower part of cylindrical receiver (18), which is consist of lower cylindrical copper pipe (2), φ > 40 mm, thermo insulated with black chrome by electrolyse and which ends with bigger copper pipe (21), φ > 140 mm, also thermo insulated with black chrome, so that inside thermo insulating cap there is a ring-shaped mirror (23), which is a part of receiver (18), which has cylindrical pipes (20, 21) filled with sodium's salts NaN0₃, so that spiral copper pipe (5) filled with thermal oil pasts through thinner cylindrical pipe (20) into lower part of receiver (18) penetrating thermo insulation and whole in calotte-shaped mirror (17), which diameter is R> 4m and chard is t >_2m. Depth vertical sonde, according to claim 1., is characterised by that depth vertical sonde (1) is connected to walls by withdraw pipes (24) mad from thin walled zinc sheet and that walls are made of burned ceramic modular blocks (25) with several chambers constructed so that external walls moves by the angle of 45° to external walls (42) making grooves (41), where there are cylindrical whole (40) in external walls (42), while there are several kinds of cavities in the block (25) such as: quadrangular cavities (33), rectangle shaped cavities (34), (35) (36) and (37), with partition walls (38) and (39) among them, so that ceramic burned block (25) id modular with modules length: width is 4:3, so that cavities (33), (34), (35), (36) and (37) vertically covers each other.