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WO2001055577A2 - Procede et dispositif pour produire du courant et de la chaleur - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour produire du courant et de la chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001055577A2
WO2001055577A2 PCT/EP2001/000762 EP0100762W WO0155577A2 WO 2001055577 A2 WO2001055577 A2 WO 2001055577A2 EP 0100762 W EP0100762 W EP 0100762W WO 0155577 A2 WO0155577 A2 WO 0155577A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
heating
electrical energy
motor
electricity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/000762
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001055577A3 (fr
Inventor
Günter BAUKNECHT
Reich Joachim
Hermann W. Sommer
Original Assignee
Bhkw Betreiber Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bhkw Betreiber Gmbh filed Critical Bhkw Betreiber Gmbh
Priority to AU31691/01A priority Critical patent/AU3169101A/en
Publication of WO2001055577A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001055577A2/fr
Publication of WO2001055577A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001055577A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a system for the combined generation of electricity and heat with a motor, a generator driven by this and means for using the waste heat of the system for heating domestic water and for heating purposes, wherein at least part of the electrical energy generated in a battery storage cached, the DC voltage with the aid einös "" converter converted to a certain AC voltage and the waste heat stored in a heat storage medium and for heating domestic water and / or heating is used in a building. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for performing such a method.
  • the combined generation of electricity and heat is mainly used in small to medium-sized power plants, whereby the focus is on electricity generation and the waste heat generated is used as district heating for heating and domestic water heating. It is assumed that there is always an excess of heat.
  • the solution is problematic not only for larger power plants because of the difficult heat transfer, but also for very small plants that work in the two to three-digit kilowatt range, since there is often a selective demand for heat or electricity in so-called island operation, so that when in doubt, heat or electricity is unnecessarily produced, with a corresponding deterioration in overall efficiency.
  • BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE to save the large storage tank, convert the DC voltage into a specific AC voltage with the help of a converter and store the waste heat in a heat storage tank and use it for heating and heating domestic water.
  • Another example of this type is described in DE 298 12 982 U1, while US Pat. No. 4,686,378 and DE 27 23 144 show systems without electrical battery storage.
  • Such a method offers the advantage that both the heat and the electrical energy can be buffered, so that, for example when there is an increased current, the heat which is inevitably required and vice versa when there is an increased heat requirement, electrical energy can be stored, so that at a later point in time The stored heat or the stored electricity can be accessed without restarting the system.
  • the resulting balance between electricity and heat enables the system to be operated in areas with low efficiency.
  • requirement profiles are conceivable which, when the motor is activated as a function of the instantaneous requirement, lead to an overall energy balance that is not optimized, namely when the demand situation changes very rapidly in the short term.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method which enables a further improved overall efficiency in a combined system for generating electricity and heat.
  • the object is achieved by a method of the type described at the outset, in which the average requirement of the building in question for electricity and heat as a collective over a certain period of time, for example a day course, determined and the engine is operated accordingly in this recurring period, so that with the aid of the storage capacities of electricity and heat the total demand for electricity and heat is covered with minimal energy input.
  • the system can be operated with foresight, for example the demand for electricity and heat of a hotel is to be mentioned: where there is a very high demand for heat in the morning hours, while in the rest of the day the The focus is on the need for electrical energy.
  • Such events can be taken into account in the method according to the invention, 'while recording the current consumption situation u. U. to an overall less favorable
  • Another advantage of a method in which the generator generates only direct current, for example by connecting a rectifier, is that the motor and the generator can be operated at different speeds, which is current is not possible due to the constant frequency of the mains.
  • the motor is preferably operated in different load and speed states and, as a result, electrical energy is generated in a specific ratio to the heat energy generated in accordance with the requirement. So it can be advantageous to operate the system in a low-efficiency area when there is a low need for electrical energy and high heat requirements, while when there is a high demand for electrical energy, efforts will be made to approach the areas with the highest mechanical efficiency of the system.
  • Another preferred variant of the implementation of the method consists in operating the motor depending on the load requirement along a certain characteristic curve from load to speed. So with an overall lower demand for electricity and heat, not only the load, but at the same time the speed of the motor can be reduced, so that it can be operated in a range that is more efficient, so that as little waste heat is generated if it is not or can only be used to a limited extent.
  • Further refinements of the method can consist in the fact that the proportion of electrical energy generated by the generator in the total instantaneous electrical energy requirement is selected as a function of the monitored state of charge of the batteries, that if the electrical energy requirement is low, this is preferably covered by the memory and / or that it increases Energy requirement and / or the generator is switched on as the electrical storage progressively discharges.
  • the proportion of electrical energy generated by the generator in the total instantaneous electrical energy requirement is selected as a function of the monitored state of charge of the batteries, that if the electrical energy requirement is low, this is preferably covered by the memory and / or that it increases Energy requirement and / or the generator is switched on as the electrical storage progressively discharges.
  • excess electrical energy can be converted into heat.
  • the limits of the efficiency of the system are determined by the fact that the heat which is inevitably generated to cover the need for electrical energy can no longer be used.
  • the total energy balance of such a system can be in the range of a condensing heating system if the waste heat is used carefully.
  • a very good overall efficiency of the system can also be achieved with an engine that is rather unfavorable in terms of efficiency, while with a rather low heat requirement, an engine that is as efficient as possible in efficiency, e.g. B.
  • a supercharged diesel engine with direct injection should be used to generate electrical energy with the lowest possible waste heat.
  • a shift towards greater heat generation can then still be achieved by operating the engine in load states in which it has a poorer efficiency, or by the aforementioned possibility of converting electrical energy into heat.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention described above.
  • a system is provided with a motor, a generator driven by the latter and a heat accumulator, which uses the waste heat generated for use. water heating and for heating purposes, whereby a direct current generator as a generator charges an electrical storage device which, via an inverter, outputs the alternating current brought to mains voltage and mains frequency into a mains and furthermore control electronics determine the operation of the motor in different load and speed figures according to one Demand collective for electricity and heat over a longer period of time and additionally in special cases depending on the current demand for heat and electricity and / or the state of charge of the storage enables ...
  • the demand collective stored in a storage can be determined during the installation of the system and a storage can be stored, but the need is preferred by a. suitable sensors are continuously determined in order to be able to react to changes in user behavior.
  • the control can intervene in the event of unforeseen events if the actual demand profile deviates to a greater extent from the previously determined average load spectrum, e.g. B. with very high current drain and impending complete discharge of the battery.
  • the device according to the invention can operate as a so-called island solution independently of the large power supply networks, although due to the lack of buffering of voltage peaks by the power network in the system, corresponding precautions must be taken, for example in the area of the inverter, the voltage peaks when the generator is switched on and off or when the generator is disconnected Remove load.
  • Such a system can also be operated in areas with low efficiency in terms of efficiency when the maximum demand for heat or electricity is offset over time.
  • a hot water supply with an integrated heat exchanger for heating heating water is preferably used as the heat store. This variant is simple and inexpensive, since a domestic water supply is required anyway and water also has very favorable properties for storing heat. It is also conceivable ⁇ to use heat stores with other media, for example with changing physical states, although the heat then still has to be transferred to the process water and the heating water.
  • Battery stores with centered grounding are preferably used as the electrical store in order to achieve the highest possible DC voltage and correspondingly lower currents.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system for the combined generation of heat
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the operating characteristic of the motor of the system according to FIG. 1.
  • a system 10 for the combined generation of electricity and heat is shown as a block diagram.
  • a diesel engine 12 is provided as the primary converter and is supplied with fuel via a storage tank 14.
  • the advantage of a diesel engine 12 is its high mechanical efficiency, its good availability and the possibility of being able to operate it with the widespread light heating oil,
  • the use of other primary energy sources such as biodiesel or natural gas is also conceivable.
  • the diesel engine 12 which sucks in air via an intake duct 16, drives a generator 18, which is designed as a permanent magnet-excited, self-exciting synchronous generator, a bridge rectifier (not shown in more detail) being provided for generating direct current.
  • the diesel engine 12 is designed to be encapsulated, on the one hand to reduce the noise emission and on the other hand for one if possible. to ensure low heat emission to the outside.
  • the rectifier is arranged directly in the generator 18 and connected to a switching unit 20.
  • the switching unit 20 also has a recuperative three-phase inverter, which converts the 72 volt direct current into 55 volt alternating current with 150 amperes, with quartz-regulated voltage control, including exact replication of the local grid sine (EVU) with apex flattening, being provided.
  • the ripple control takes place every millisecond including automatic. achregelung.
  • a three-phase transformer in Z-connection also provided in the switching unit 20 transforms the 55 volt output voltage of the inverter to 230 volts and 400 Volt for single-phase or three-phase loads.
  • the Z circuit ensures an equivalent stability of the island network 23 even with respect to supply networks with a single-phase unbalanced load.
  • the system 10 is also suitable for covering the heat requirement existing in a building.
  • one or more heat exchangers are provided in the system 10, which serve to heat a service water supply 24, which has a service water inlet 26 and a service water outlet 28.
  • a heating heat exchanger 30 is provided, which is integrated in the circulation 32 of a heating system and ensures heating of the heating water.
  • An example of heat generation are a cooling water heat exchanger 34, which extracts the heat from the cooling water which is used to cool the diesel engine 12 and the generator 18 and which circulates in a cooling water circuit 35 and delivers it to the service water supply 24, and an exhaust gas heat exchanger 36 which provides the exhaust gas withdraws as much heat from the diesel engine as possible and also releases it to the service water supply 24.
  • Additional heat exchangers to improve the overall efficiency can be provided at points in the system 10 where additional waste heat is generated, for example in the area of the inverter and / or the transformer in the switching unit 20.
  • a ceramic exhaust gas condenser 38 possibly in combination with the exhaust gas heat exchanger 36, is used to cool and purify the exhaust gases to about 30-40 ° C., with condensed water triggering CO, CO 2 , NO X , SO x , oil and soot. -washed and the acidic condensate is then neutralized and cleaned over activated carbon and dolomite filter. The lukewarm, clean exhaust air is led outside via plastic exhaust pipes 40, so that no fireplace is necessary. Since the heat of condensation is also used, the system 10 runs as a condensing boiler.
  • the system With the help of the hot water supply 24 serving as a heat store and the electrochemical store 22, the system enables a better adaptation of the operation of the diesel engine 12 to different requirements. In the event of a currently increased heat requirement, electricity can be produced in reserve, which can later be removed without having to operate the diesel engine 12 again. This results in considerable savings potential.
  • the diesel engine 12 is operated depending on the load requirement along a normalized characteristic curve shown in FIG. 2, which represents a function of the load over the speed, i.e. with a decreasing load requirement, the speed of the diesel engine 12 is simultaneously reduced, which the
  • the aim of this measure is to always operate the diesel engine 12 in the range of the highest possible mechanical efficiency in order to generate electricity with the lowest possible waste heat.
  • the overall efficiency of the system 10 which is calculated from the ratio of heat and electrical energy generated in relation to the calorific value of the The primary energy source that is set is only reduced to a significant extent if, given a certain need for electrical energy, the waste heat that is inevitably no longer usable can be used sensibly and must be released to the environment, for example with the help of a heat exchanger, in order to overheat the system 10 to avoid.
  • the total heating and electricity requirement of a building as a function of the time of day is stored as a mean value in control electronics (not shown), these requirement profiles being taken into account when operating the diesel engine 12.
  • the regulation also influences the extent to which the current electrical demand is covered directly from the generated generator current or from the electrochemical memory 22, on the one hand to prevent deep discharge of the batteries and, on the other hand, under certain circumstances completely on the operation in the case of filled batteries and relatively small electrical requirements to be able to do without the diesel engine 12. For example, it is conceivable that To operate the diesel engine 12 only in the morning and evening hours to cover the then increased need for heat, and to cover the low electrical requirement exclusively from the batteries 22 during the day when the diesel engine 12 is switched off.
  • the system 10 can also be provided with remote monitoring, which includes a remote control option.
  • Electronic heat and electricity meters can be used for billing purposes, but also for the continuous determination of the demand profile for heat and electricity, in order to be able to adapt the operation of the diesel engine 12 to the changed requirements, if necessary.
  • An electronic fuel consumption measurement which must be carried out with a differential measurement chamber because of the diesel return, can also be provided, as can an electronic level control of the fuel tank, again with the option of remote monitoring, so that all maintenance and monitoring activities, e.g. B. on the Internet, through which service providers can take place and the user is largely relieved of maintenance tasks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à faire fonctionner une installation conçue pour produire à la fois du courant et de la chaleur. Cette installation comprend un moteur (12), un générateur (18) et des moyens (24, 30, 34, 36) servant à exploiter la chaleur perdue. L'invention vise à permettre de mieux exploiter le rendement global théorique potentiel de ladite installation (10). A cet effet, une partie de l'énergie électrique est stockée dans un accumulateur électrique (22) et convertie en une tension alternative requise, au moyen d'un convertisseur, et la chaleur produite est stockée dans un accumulateur de chaleur (24). Afin d'opérer de manière prévoyante et par conséquent d'optimiser le rendement de l'installation, les besoins globaux en chaleur et courant sont déterminés sur une période de temps appropriée, et on fait fonctionner le moteur de manière prévoyante en exploitant les capacités des accumulateurs.
PCT/EP2001/000762 2000-01-25 2001-01-24 Procede et dispositif pour produire du courant et de la chaleur WO2001055577A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU31691/01A AU3169101A (en) 2000-01-25 2001-01-24 Method and device for generating power and heat

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10003186.2 2000-01-25
DE10003186A DE10003186A1 (de) 2000-01-25 2000-01-25 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001055577A2 true WO2001055577A2 (fr) 2001-08-02
WO2001055577A3 WO2001055577A3 (fr) 2002-03-14

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AU (1) AU3169101A (fr)
DE (1) DE10003186A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001055577A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004057174A1 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-08 Turbec Ab Appareil et procede de correction transitoire
DE102008063954B3 (de) * 2008-12-25 2010-07-22 Mayer, Michael, Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren zum Regeln mindestens einer dezentralen Energieversorgungsanlage nach zumindest ökologischen Zielvorgaben, die insbesondere die Minimierung von CO2-Emissionen umfassen, sowie nach dem Verfahren geregelte dezentrale Energieversorgungsanlage
DE102012017194A1 (de) 2012-08-31 2014-05-15 Frank Truckenmüller Wirtschaftliche und energieefiziente Nutzung von Hybridmotoren und Wärmespeichern für den mobilen Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugen und für den stationären Einsatz als Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW)
US11205523B2 (en) * 2010-02-18 2021-12-21 Terrapower, Llc Method, system, and apparatus for the thermal storage of nuclear reactor generated energy

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GB0208335D0 (en) * 2002-04-11 2002-05-22 Young Robert L An automomous unit for supplying energy
SK288722B6 (sk) * 2007-10-04 2020-01-07 Auxilien A S Spôsob regulácie elektrického výkonu dodávaného zdrojom na výrobu elektriny do elektrizačnej sústavy umožňujúci stabilné prevádzkovanie zdroja na výrobu elektriny a zodpovedajúci energetický systém
AT12575U1 (de) * 2007-10-04 2012-08-15 Auxilien A S Verfahren zur erweiterung des regelungsbereiches von elektrischer leistung, die an das elektrizitätsnetz geliefert wird, und ein energiesystem mit einem erweiterten regelungsbereich
DE102010026490A1 (de) 2010-07-07 2012-01-12 Basf Se Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinstrukturierten Oberflächen
EP3205946A1 (fr) 2012-08-20 2017-08-16 Vaillant GmbH Procédé de fonctionnement d'une centrale de cogénération avec un accumulateur d'électricité intégré
DE102013207349A1 (de) * 2013-04-23 2014-10-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsanlage
DE102013013153A1 (de) * 2013-08-08 2015-03-05 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Blockheizkraftwerkes
WO2016138885A1 (fr) * 2015-03-02 2016-09-09 Vng - Verbundnetz Gas Ag Procédé de commande de la consommation d'énergie d'une unité d'immeuble et unité de distribution décentralisée d'énergie

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DE2723144A1 (de) 1977-05-23 1978-12-07 Adam Jakob Verfahren und vorrichtung fuer die versorgung eines gebaeudes mit energie
US4886378A (en) 1988-01-14 1989-12-12 Ebara Corporation Thrust bearing device
DE4102636C2 (de) 1991-01-30 1994-05-11 Dieter Creon Energieversorgungsanlage mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Generator
DE29812982U1 (de) 1998-03-06 1998-10-29 "Schako" Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad KG Zweigniederlassung Kolbingen, 78600 Kolbingen Anlage zum Erzeugen von Energie, insbesondere Energie-Kompakt-Anlage

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2723144A1 (de) 1977-05-23 1978-12-07 Adam Jakob Verfahren und vorrichtung fuer die versorgung eines gebaeudes mit energie
US4886378A (en) 1988-01-14 1989-12-12 Ebara Corporation Thrust bearing device
DE4102636C2 (de) 1991-01-30 1994-05-11 Dieter Creon Energieversorgungsanlage mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem Generator
DE29812982U1 (de) 1998-03-06 1998-10-29 "Schako" Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad KG Zweigniederlassung Kolbingen, 78600 Kolbingen Anlage zum Erzeugen von Energie, insbesondere Energie-Kompakt-Anlage

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004057174A1 (fr) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-08 Turbec Ab Appareil et procede de correction transitoire
DE102008063954B3 (de) * 2008-12-25 2010-07-22 Mayer, Michael, Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren zum Regeln mindestens einer dezentralen Energieversorgungsanlage nach zumindest ökologischen Zielvorgaben, die insbesondere die Minimierung von CO2-Emissionen umfassen, sowie nach dem Verfahren geregelte dezentrale Energieversorgungsanlage
US11205523B2 (en) * 2010-02-18 2021-12-21 Terrapower, Llc Method, system, and apparatus for the thermal storage of nuclear reactor generated energy
DE102012017194A1 (de) 2012-08-31 2014-05-15 Frank Truckenmüller Wirtschaftliche und energieefiziente Nutzung von Hybridmotoren und Wärmespeichern für den mobilen Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugen und für den stationären Einsatz als Blockheizkraftwerk (BHKW)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3169101A (en) 2001-08-07
DE10003186A1 (de) 2001-08-02
WO2001055577A3 (fr) 2002-03-14

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