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WO2000036577A1 - Tissu organique artificiel - Google Patents

Tissu organique artificiel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000036577A1
WO2000036577A1 PCT/GB1999/004227 GB9904227W WO0036577A1 WO 2000036577 A1 WO2000036577 A1 WO 2000036577A1 GB 9904227 W GB9904227 W GB 9904227W WO 0036577 A1 WO0036577 A1 WO 0036577A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
body tissue
layer
simulated body
gel
spinal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1999/004227
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anthony Norman Rollason
Original Assignee
Pharmabotics Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pharmabotics Limited filed Critical Pharmabotics Limited
Priority to AU16731/00A priority Critical patent/AU1673100A/en
Publication of WO2000036577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000036577A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/285—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for injections, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, sigmoidscopy, insertion of contraceptive devices or enemas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a simulated body tissue and a method of making simulated body tissue particularly, although not exclusively, for use in teaching and practising wound closure techniques, and a spinal model incorporating a simulated body tissue particularly, although not exclusively, for use in teaching and practising spinal column injection techniques .
  • spinal injection techniques such as, spinal anaesthesia, spinal tap, lumbar sympathetic block, caudal analgesia, sacral nerve block and epidural anaesthesia.
  • a simulated body tissue which can be, utilised with modern wound closure techniques including glues and adhesive strips.
  • a simulated body tissue which is capable of tolerating repeated applications and removals of adhesive appliances and sutures without deterioration.
  • a still further object of the invention to provide a simulated body tissue capable of permitting dog-turn or odd sided incisions.
  • a spinal model which is capable of tolerating repeated injections and which is capable of giving both tactile and visual access to the spine.
  • a simulated body tissue comprising an upper layer of reinforced polyurethane or thermoplastic gel, a middle layer of thermoplastic gel and a second layer of thermoplastic gel .
  • a reinforcing mesh is positioned between the middle layer and the second layer.
  • the simulated body tissue comprises two upper layers which sandwich two middle layers and a single common second layer.
  • the upper layer may be coloured to represent the dermis
  • the second layer may be coloured yellow to represent the fatty layer
  • the middle layer may be coloured red to represent the subdermis
  • a method of making simulated body tissue comprising placing a sheet of reinforced polyurethane or thermoplastic gel on a height adjustable mould bed, heating a second thermoplastic gel and pouring a first portion of the gel into the mould and allowing it to set, subsequently lowering the mould bed and pouring a further quantity of said second thermoplastic gel into the mould.
  • a reinforcing mesh is placed on the first portion of said second thermoplastic gel before the further quantity of said gel is poured into the mould.
  • the sheet of reinforced polyurethane or thermoplastic gel may be coloured to represent the dermis.
  • either or both portions of said second thermoplastic gel may be coloured to represent a particular type of body tissue.
  • the first portion of the second thermoplastic gel may be coloured red to represent the subdermis and the second portion may be coloured yellow to represent the fatty layer.
  • the method includes the contemporaneous steps of placing a second sheet of reinforced polyurethane or thermoplastic gel on a second mould bed, heating a second thermoplastic gel and pouring a first portion of the second thermoplastic gel into the mould and before it sets completely placing the contents of the mould gel face down onto the contents of the first mould to form a double sided simulated body tissue.
  • a simulated body tissue formed in accordance with above described method.
  • a spinal model comprising a base, a plurality of spinal bones supported on said base in a configuration simulating at least a portion of a spinal column, a first section representing the ligamentum flavium and an outer layer of simulated body tissue.
  • a second section representing the muscle layer is provided above the first section.
  • the spinal bones are alternated with synthetic invertebral discs and a synthetic spinal cord placed in the spinal column space .
  • the spinal cord may comprise a neoprene tube filled with fluid.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of simulated body tissue according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a variant of the body tissue of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a spinal model according to the fourth aspect of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the spinal model of Figure 3 ;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the spinal model of Figures 3 and 4 ;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the spinal model of Figures 3 to 5;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the spinal model of Figures 3 to 6.
  • the block 1 comprises an upper layer or dermis of reinforced polyurethane or thermoplastic gel 2 which is tinted to a colour similar to that of human skin, for example, Caucasian, negroid or oriental.
  • reinforcing material may comprise a weave or cloth backing and if the upper layer 2 is of thermoplastic gel, the reinforcing material may comprise a mesh, preferably of vinyl .
  • thermoplastic gel By using thermoplastic gel as the upper layer 2, it is possible to create pathologies on the surface of the upper layer by moulding.
  • thermoplastic elastomeric gel or second thermoplastic gel which is dyed to represent a red subdermis layer 3.
  • a second layer of thermoplastic elastomeric gel or second thermoplastic gel forms the lowermost layer 4 and is dyed yellow to represent fatty tissue.
  • a reinforcing mesh (not shown) of, for example, a two way stretch fabric, may be situated between the subdermis layer 3 and the lowermost layer or fatty layer 4.
  • FIG 2 shows a variant of the block of Figure 1 in which the block is provided with two dermis layers which sandwich two subdermis layers and a single common fatty tissue layer.
  • the simulated body tissue described with reference to Figure 1 above is formed by first placing a piece of reinforced polyurethane or thermoplastic gel 2 face down onto an industrial mould (not shown) with an adjustable internal tray bed, the tray being perforated and connected to a vacuum pump.
  • the mould tray is set initially to a depth of 2mm and the polyurethane or thermoplastic gel 2 is held in place by a pressure differential established by the vacuum pump which sucks air through the perforations in the tray bed to keep the surface of the polyurethane or thermoplastic gel 2 flat.
  • thermoplastic elastomeric gel or second thermoplastic gel is then heated to 180°C and a red dye is added before pouring the liquid onto the flattened cloth surface 2 onto which it adheres immediately. Any bubbles formed in the gel following pouring can be pricked out to maintain an even flatness.
  • the gel is then allowed to cool for one to two minutes so that it sets and forms the subdermis layer 3.
  • a reinforcing mesh (not shown) is then placed onto the subdermis layer 3 and sinks slightly into the gel of the subdermis layer 3.
  • the mould tray is lowered to the next increment which will be to a total depth of 8mm and a further batch of the same proprietary thermoplastic elastomeric gel or second thermoplastic gel is then heated to 180°C and a yellow dye added before being poured onto the exposed and set surface of the red dyed gel 3 and allowed to set forming a fatty layer 4.
  • the material may then be removed from the mould to provide a portion of simulated body tissue.
  • a second piece of reinforced polyurethane or thermoplastic gel 2 ' is first placed face down onto a second mould (not shown) of the above described type, i.e. with an adjustable internal tray bed, the tray being perforated and connected to a vacuum pump.
  • the mould tray is set to a depth of 2mm and the second piece of polyurethane or thermoplastic gel 2 ' is held in place by a pressure differential established by the vacuum pump which sucks air through the perforations in the tray bed to keep the surface of the polyurethane or thermoplastic gel 2' flat.
  • thermoplastic elastomeric gel or second thermoplastic gel is then heated to 180°C and a red dye is added before pouring the liquid onto the flattened cloth surface onto which it adheres immediately. Any bubbles formed in the gel following pouring can be pricked out to maintain an even flatness.
  • the gel is then allowed to cool slightly so that it begins to set.
  • a layer of reinforced mesh (not shown) may be placed onto the layer of red gel 3, which sinks slightly into the layer of red gel 3.
  • This second sheet 2 ' bearing a single layer of red gel 3 ' is then placed red gel face down over the yellow gel 4 forming the upper surface of the material in the first mould whilst both are still warm and within their setting time.
  • the result is a double layered portion of simulated body tissue as shown in Figure 2.
  • a plastic moulded base 5 having a substantially central channel 7 in which is positioned a plurality of spinal bones or vertebrae 8, obviously, synthetically produced spinal bones could be used.
  • the spinal bones 8 are alternated with synthetic invertebral discs 9 and, preferably, the spinal bones 8 and invertebral discs 9 are threaded together and secured at either end, for example, by using wing nuts or any other known technique .
  • Each of the spinal bones 8 has a crest 10 and a hollow section 11, the hollow sections 11 and invertebral discs 9 defining the spinal column space 12.
  • a spinal cord 13 is positioned in the spinal column space 12, the spinal cord 13 may be of, for example, leather or a synthetic material, for example, a neoprene tube filled with liquid.
  • a first section representing the ligamentum flavium 14 is placed over the crests 10, the first section 14 is of synthetic material being hard and grisely in nature to accurately represent the ligamentum flavium.
  • a second section representing the muscle layer 6 is positioned over the first section 14 and an outer layer of the simulated body tissue 1 is placed on top.
  • the second section 6 may also comprise simulated body tissue 1.
  • the spinal model 15 is preferably encased in a box 16 removably attached to the base 5 and having a window 17 for access to the model 15.
  • a trainee for example a junior anaesthetist, can palpate the simulated body tissue 1 to feel the crests 10 of the spinal bones 8 under the simulated body tissue 1 for correct identification of the precise location for applying a needle 18 attached to a syringe 19.
  • Finger depressions 20 are positioned on the box 16 to identify the illiac crests of the pelvis, the middle finger of either hand acts as a locator while the fore fingers walk up and down the spine.
  • the trainee can inject, the needle 18 passes easily through the simulated body tissue 1 and second section representing the muscle layer 6 .
  • the needle 18 As the needle 18 travels into the first section representing the ligamentum flavium 14 with a syringe 19 attached to the needle 18 and the plunger fully extended, positive pressure will be experienced when the plunger cannot be made to descend. Only when the needle 18 passes beyond the first section 14 does the needle 18 come into the spinal column space and negative pressure or loss of resistance will again be noticed. It is paramount that the needle 18 be maintained in a perpendicular position and at right-angles to the spinal bones 8, and the model 15 can easily be disassembled to reveal where the needle 18 has been directed. When a tube filled with liquid is used as the spinal cord 13 it is possible to identify whether the needle has correctly reached the spinal column space 12 or spinal cord 13 without disassembling the model 15. Further, it is possible to inject with fluid.
  • the above described embodiments relate to slabs of simulated body tissue through the use of a more complicated mould other shapes and thicknesses of simulated body tissue can be formed.
  • different dyes can be used to simulate other parts of the body including the abdominal wall.
  • the base 5 could vary in shape to support the spinal bones 8 , and the bones 8 could be set into a gel.
  • further training models for example, of a human abdomen, may be provided with a cavity which may be filled with simulated, animal or donated organs. These organs may then be operated on through the simulated abdominal wall.
  • the simulated body tissue of the present invention could be used to form model human breasts for practicing manipulation and aspiration for the detection of tumours.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Instructional Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un tissu (1) artificiel comprenant une couche supérieure (2) de polyuréthanne renforcé ou de gel thermoplastique, une couche intermédiaire (3) de gel thermoplastique et une deuxième couche de gel (4) thermoplastique. L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication de tissu organique artificiel et d'un modèle de colonne vertébrale comprenant une base (5), plusieurs vertèbres (8) disposés sur la base dans une configuration simulant au moins une partie d'une colonne vertébrale (12), une première section représentant le ligamentum flavium (14) et une couche extérieure de tissu (1) organique artificiel.
PCT/GB1999/004227 1998-12-14 1999-12-14 Tissu organique artificiel WO2000036577A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU16731/00A AU1673100A (en) 1998-12-14 1999-12-14 Simulated body tissue

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9827496.2 1998-12-14
GBGB9827496.2A GB9827496D0 (en) 1998-12-14 1998-12-14 Simulated body tissue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000036577A1 true WO2000036577A1 (fr) 2000-06-22

Family

ID=10844191

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1999/004227 WO2000036577A1 (fr) 1998-12-14 1999-12-14 Tissu organique artificiel

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1673100A (fr)
GB (1) GB9827496D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000036577A1 (fr)

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004003873A3 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-04-01 Limbs And Things Ltd Tissu corporel simule
WO2006134146A1 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Oliver Browne-Wilkinson Squelettes orthopediques de demonstration
DE102010028611A1 (de) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Benning, Benning&Benning Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Dr. Michael Benning, 52074 Aachen) Injektionstrainer
WO2012044753A3 (fr) * 2010-10-01 2012-05-31 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Dispositif d'apprentissage portatif pour laparoscopie
ITBG20120010A1 (it) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-25 Milano Politecnico Dispositivo per l'addestramento chirurgico
WO2014052373A1 (fr) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-03 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Modèle d'apprentissage chirurgical pour interventions laparoscopiques
US8961190B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2015-02-24 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Advanced surgical simulation
US9218753B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2015-12-22 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated tissue structure for surgical training
US9449532B2 (en) 2013-05-15 2016-09-20 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Hernia model
US9548002B2 (en) 2013-07-24 2017-01-17 Applied Medical Resources Corporation First entry model
US9898937B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2018-02-20 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Surgical training model for laparoscopic procedures
US9922579B2 (en) 2013-06-18 2018-03-20 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Gallbladder model
US9940849B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2018-04-10 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Advanced surgical simulation constructions and methods
US9959786B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2018-05-01 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Surgical training model for laparoscopic procedures
US10081727B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2018-09-25 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Synthetic tissue structures for electrosurgical training and simulation
US10121391B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2018-11-06 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Surgical training model for laparoscopic procedures
US10198966B2 (en) 2013-07-24 2019-02-05 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Advanced first entry model for surgical simulation
US10198965B2 (en) 2012-08-03 2019-02-05 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated stapling and energy based ligation for surgical training
US10223936B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2019-03-05 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Hysterectomy model
WO2019107441A1 (fr) * 2017-11-28 2019-06-06 ニプロ株式会社 Modèle de chirurgie
US10332425B2 (en) 2015-07-16 2019-06-25 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated dissectible tissue
US10354556B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2019-07-16 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated tissue structures and methods
US10395559B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2019-08-27 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Surgical training model for transluminal laparoscopic procedures
US10490105B2 (en) 2015-07-22 2019-11-26 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Appendectomy model
US10671202B2 (en) 2017-04-25 2020-06-02 Mendology, Inc. Touch measurement apparatus and method of use
US10679520B2 (en) 2012-09-27 2020-06-09 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Surgical training model for laparoscopic procedures
US10706743B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2020-07-07 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated dissectible tissue
US10720084B2 (en) 2015-10-02 2020-07-21 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Hysterectomy model
US10796606B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2020-10-06 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated dissectible tissue
US10818201B2 (en) 2014-11-13 2020-10-27 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated tissue models and methods
US10847057B2 (en) 2017-02-23 2020-11-24 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Synthetic tissue structures for electrosurgical training and simulation
US11030922B2 (en) 2017-02-14 2021-06-08 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Laparoscopic training system
US11120708B2 (en) 2016-06-27 2021-09-14 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated abdominal wall

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WO1999050808A1 (fr) * 1998-03-30 1999-10-07 Eurosurgical Structure anotomique pour la formation de chirurgiens a la chirurgie orthopedique, notamment rachidienne

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4481001A (en) * 1983-05-26 1984-11-06 Collagen Corporation Human skin model for intradermal injection demonstration or training
US5518406A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-05-21 Waters; Tammie C. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy teaching device
US5672059A (en) * 1995-03-20 1997-09-30 Browne-Wilkinson; Oliver Orthopaedic human skeletal demonstration aids
WO1998024082A1 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-04 Eli Lilly Japan Kabushiki Kaisha Outil d'entrainement au maniement des seringues d'injection
WO1999050808A1 (fr) * 1998-03-30 1999-10-07 Eurosurgical Structure anotomique pour la formation de chirurgiens a la chirurgie orthopedique, notamment rachidienne

Cited By (74)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004003873A3 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-04-01 Limbs And Things Ltd Tissu corporel simule
WO2006134146A1 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Oliver Browne-Wilkinson Squelettes orthopediques de demonstration
DE102010028611A1 (de) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Benning, Benning&Benning Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Dr. Michael Benning, 52074 Aachen) Injektionstrainer
WO2012044753A3 (fr) * 2010-10-01 2012-05-31 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Dispositif d'apprentissage portatif pour laparoscopie
US10854112B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2020-12-01 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Portable laparoscopic trainer
US12154454B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2024-11-26 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Portable laparoscopic trainer
EP3392863A1 (fr) * 2010-10-01 2018-10-24 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Entraîneur laparoscopique portable
US9472121B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2016-10-18 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Portable laparoscopic trainer
US11158212B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2021-10-26 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated tissue structure for surgical training
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US9218753B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2015-12-22 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated tissue structure for surgical training
US11403968B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2022-08-02 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Advanced surgical simulation
US8961190B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2015-02-24 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Advanced surgical simulation
ITBG20120010A1 (it) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-25 Milano Politecnico Dispositivo per l'addestramento chirurgico
WO2013124725A1 (fr) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 Politecnico Di Milano Dispositif pour entraînement chirurgical
US9564068B2 (en) 2012-02-24 2017-02-07 Politecnico Di Milano Device for surgical training
US10198965B2 (en) 2012-08-03 2019-02-05 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Simulated stapling and energy based ligation for surgical training
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JP7358987B2 (ja) 2017-11-28 2023-10-11 ニプロ株式会社 手術練習用模型
JPWO2019107441A1 (ja) * 2017-11-28 2020-11-19 ニプロ株式会社 手術練習用模型
WO2019107441A1 (fr) * 2017-11-28 2019-06-06 ニプロ株式会社 Modèle de chirurgie

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