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WO2000018174A9 - Procede et dispositif permettant de fournir des informations relatives a la station de base durant les operations de transfert des stations mobiles - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant de fournir des informations relatives a la station de base durant les operations de transfert des stations mobiles

Info

Publication number
WO2000018174A9
WO2000018174A9 PCT/US1999/021905 US9921905W WO0018174A9 WO 2000018174 A9 WO2000018174 A9 WO 2000018174A9 US 9921905 W US9921905 W US 9921905W WO 0018174 A9 WO0018174 A9 WO 0018174A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base station
new base
old
handoff
message
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/021905
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2000018174A1 (fr
Inventor
Oguz Sunay
Khiem Le
Original Assignee
Oguz Sunay
Khiem Le
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oguz Sunay, Khiem Le filed Critical Oguz Sunay
Priority to AU61571/99A priority Critical patent/AU6157199A/en
Publication of WO2000018174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000018174A1/fr
Publication of WO2000018174A9 publication Critical patent/WO2000018174A9/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0077—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link of access information of target access point

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to a mobile communications, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for providing active set information for a mobile to provide seamless interworking during hard handoffs.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a basic, generic wireless telecommunication system 100. This system can be broken down to blocks as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the human voice fed to the microphone of a handset 110 is transmitted through the atmosphere 112 to the base station 114. From the base station 114, the signal is routed to a switching center 116 or rebroadcast 118. Similarly, at the network end the voice information is transmitted from the base station 120 and received by the handset 122.
  • Each handset 110, 112 and base station 114, 120 have the transmitter/receiver (transceiver) function.
  • the solution to this problem is to decrease the power of transmission, thereby reducing the coverage area of the transmitter. Because the range of each area is small, a large area may be divided into several smaller areas called cells. Each cell may have its own antenna, a set of frequencies, and transmitter/receiver radio units.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates this handoff process.
  • a vehicle 210 moved away from base station 212 its signal strength decreases.
  • the base station 212 monitored the signal strength during the duration of the call.
  • signal strength fell below a predetermined threshold level the network 214 asked all predetermined candidates neighboring cells 220 to report the signal strength of the mobile in the vehicle 210. If the signal strength in the neighboring cell 220 was stronger by a predetermined amount, then the network 214 attempted to handoff the call to the candidate neighboring cell 220.
  • the cellular system refers to these three basic elements as a mobile station 210, cell sites 202, 220 and mobile switching centers. These three elements are integrated to form a ubiquitous coverage radio system that can connect to the public switched telephone network 240.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • AMPS advanced mobile phone service
  • CDMA systems primarily differ from FDMA (Analog) and TDMA systems through the use of coded radio channels.
  • FDMA Analog
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • users can operate on the same radio channel simultaneously by using different coded sequences.
  • IS-95 CDMA cellular systems have several key attributes that are different from other cellular systems.
  • the same CDMA radio carrier frequencies may be optionally used in adjacent cell sites, which eliminates the need for frequency planning, the wide band radio channel provides less severe fading, which results in more consistent quality voice transmission under varying radio signal conditions.
  • the CDMA system is compatible with the established access technology, and it allows analog (EIA-553) and dual mode (IS-95) subscribers to use the same analog control channels.
  • Some of the voice channels have been converted to CDMA digital transmissions, allowing several users to be multiplexed (shared) on a single RF channel.
  • handoff occurs when the base station detects a deterioration in signal strength from the mobile telephone.
  • signal strength may vary abruptly and the voice is muted for at least 200 milliseconds in order to send control messages and complete the handoff.
  • CDMA uses a unique soft handoff, which is nearly undetectable and loses few if any information frames. As a result, CDMA's soft handoff is much less likely to lose a call during handoff. Further, soft handoff allows the mobile telephone to communicate simultaneously with two or more cell sites to continuously select the best signal quality.
  • the CDMA mobile telephone measures the pilot channel signal strength from adjacent signal cells and transmits the measurements to the serving base station.
  • adjacent base station's pilot channel signal When adjacent base station's pilot channel signal is strong enough, the mobile telephone requests the adjacent cell to transmit call in progress. The serving base station also continues to transmit as well. Thus, prior to complete handoff, the mobile telephone is communicating with both base stations simultaneously.
  • CDMA can combine multi-path signals, adding several weak multi-path signals to construct a stronger one. The gains from this process are similar to those obtained from antenna diversity. This process is called RAKE reception. The result is better voice quality and fewer dropped calls than would otherwise be available.
  • the IS-95 standard supports two other types of handoffs while in the mobile station control on the traffic channel state.
  • the IS-95 standard supports CDMA to CDMA hard handoff and CDMA to Analog handoff.
  • IS-41 network Since initial publication of IS-41 and the deployment of networks based upon the specification, the term IS-41 network was coined to describe cellular networks based on the standard. This term is very generic and describes any network that uses IS-41 intersystem operations to provide mobility to subscribers.
  • the initial IS-41 standards address basic wireless intersystem function such as basic intersystem handoff, basic service qualification and basic OA&M (circuit management).
  • Basic intersystem handoff included the core functions still used today. For example, handoff measurements, handoff forward, handoff back, and inter-mobile switching center trunk release were all supported.
  • Intersystem handoff was essentially the same as in the initial IS-41 standard except for some minor modifications to the handoff procedures, and the use of ANSI Transaction Capability Application Port (TCAP) as the transaction protocol.
  • TCAP Transaction Capability Application Port
  • This application protocol was specified for use over X.25, as the primary choice, or North American SS7, as the second choice.
  • IS-41 - A supports the first group of cellular features to enhance subscriber service such as call forwarding, call waiting, three-way calling and feature control.
  • IS-41 -B was published in December 1991 and addressed path minimization, flash feature support after handoff, support for TDMA handoff parameters, and use of SS7 Global Title translation.
  • IS-41-B telecommunications system bulletins
  • IS-41 -C was published in February 1996 and is the culmination of hundreds of person-years of effort.
  • IS-41 -C is a major rework of the entire standard.
  • the motivation to revise the IS-41 standard was a desire to provide many more features and services to mobile subscribers, to resolve compatibility problems found in earlier revisions of IS-41, to integrate the TSBs into a single standard specification and a desire to incorporate state-of-the-art technology such as intelligent networking principles and philosophies.
  • the initial version of IS-41 was primarily in intersystem handoff standard.
  • Handoff encompasses a set of mobile stations (MS) functions and network functions enable an MS to move from one radio channel to another radio channel while a call is in progress.
  • MS mobile stations
  • Intrasystem handoff 310 and Intersystem handoff 350 are the two types of handoffs.
  • Intrasystem handoff is a handoff between two radio channels or base stations 312, 314 that are controlled by the same mobile switching center (MSC) 320. No coordination is required between MSC's to support intrasystem handoff; therefore, intrasystem handoff is not within the scope of IS-41.
  • Intersystem handoff 350 involves a handoff between two radio channels or base stations 352, 354 that are controlled by two different MSC's 360, 370. This type of handoff requires specialized signaling between two MSC's 360, 370 to coordinate the movement of the mobile station between the two base stations 352, 354.
  • the base station directs the mobile station by sending an "Extended Handoff Direction Message."
  • the "Extended Handoff Direction Message” includes information on the new CDMA signaling frequency and the corresponding Active Set for this frequency band.
  • the Active Set information includes the base station specific pilot PN offset, power control symbol and the Walsh code channel that is available for trafficking.
  • the IS-41 standard specifies the inter-system signaling protocol for a number of air interface standards such as IS-95 and IS-136. However, currently, this standard does not specify the transfer of any Active Set information between the old and the new base stations during a handoff.
  • the present invention discloses a method and apparatus for providing active set information for a mobile to provide seamless interworking during hard handoffs.
  • the present invention solves the above-described problems by providing active set data in the facdir2 return message during the handoff procedure..
  • a method in accordance with the principles of the present invention includes the steps of sending to the old base station quality and received signal strength measurements gathered by the mobile station, sending from the old base station to the new base station a message to invoke negotiations between the old base station and the new base station, sending from the new base station to the old base station a return message, the return message including an active set of information for the new base station, providing by the old base station the active information for the new base station and directing the mobile station to perform a handoff to the new base station, performing the handoff to the new base station by the mobile station and indicating to the old base station and the new base station by the mobile station the completion of the handoff and notifying the old base station that the mobile station has moved to the new base station.
  • the active set data further includes a pilot PN offset for the new base station, a power control symbol and a Walsh code channel that is available for trafficking.
  • step of sending to the old base station quality and received signal strength measurements gathered by the mobile station further includes the step of sending the old base station pilot strength measurements.
  • pilot strength measurements further comprise information for the mobile to derive a time reference for a PN sequence.
  • step of sending from the new base station to the old base station a return message further includes the step of including the active set of information for the new base station in a facdir2 message.
  • the facdir2 message further includes information on the PN Code Offset, Band Class, CDMA Channel Number of the new base station, the Forward Traffic Channel that the new base station can allocate for the mobile station.
  • step of providing by the old base station the active information for the new base station and directing the mobile station to perform a handoff to the new base station further includes the step of issuing an Extended Handoff Direction Message to the mobile station.
  • the Extended Handoff Direction Message further includes an action time indicating when the mobile station is to disable a transmitter, resets a fade timer, suspends incrementing TOT_FRAMES and BAD_FRAMES counters and tune to the assigned Forward Traffic Channel.
  • the method further includes the step of performing by the mobile station acquisition of pilots in the Active Set specified by the Extended Handoff Direction Message.
  • step of notifying the old base station that the mobile station has moved to the new base station further includes the step of issuing from the new base station an IS-41 MobileOnChannel message.
  • the method further includes the step of determining whether a set of pilots in an Active Set, Candidate Set or a Neighbor set has been altered before sending to the old base station quality and received signal strength measurements gathered by the mobile station.
  • the step of determining whether a set of pilots in an Active Set, Candidate Set or a Neighbor set has been altered further includes the steps of determining whether a strength of a Neighbor Set or Remaining Set pilot is above a predetermined threshold, detecting whether a strength of a Candidate Set pilot exceeds a strength of an Active Set pilot by a predetermined amount, identifying when a handoff drop timer of an Active Set pilot expires and monitoring when the old base station sends a Pilot Measurement Request Order Message.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a basic, generic wireless telecommunication system
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a handoff process where calls are passed as the vehicle or mobile unit moves from one cell to another;
  • Fig. 3 illustrates intrasystem and intersystem handoffs
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a diagram of an IS-95 CDMA system
  • Fig. 5 shows a table illustrating the types of handoffs specified by IS-95
  • Fig. 6 is a table illustrating the types of information tracked by the mobile during handoffs
  • Fig. 7 illustrates CDMA to CDMA hard handoff 700 according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides seamless inter- working of the network and air interface signaling protocols, namely, IS-41 and IS-95.
  • the 'facdir2" message within IS-41 is modified to include information on the Active Set for the mobile when it handoffs to the target BS .
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a diagram of an IS-95 CDMA system 400.
  • the IS-95 CDMA system 400 allows for voice or data communications on a IS-95 CDMA radio channel 410 via either a 30 kHz AMPS radio channel 412 (when used on the 800 MHz cellular band) or a relatively new 1.23 MHz CDMA radio channel 414.
  • the IS-95 CDMA radio channel 410 allows multiple mobile telephones to communicate on the same frequency at the same time by special coding of their radio signals.
  • the IS-95 CDMA system includes many of the same basic subsystems as other cellular systems, including a switching network 420, base stations (BS) 422, and mobile telephones 430.
  • IS-95 systems can serve mobile telephones of three types: AMPS only 432, IS-95 Dual Mode 434 or IS-95 (digital only) 436.
  • the IS-95 CDMA cellular system 400 has several key attributes that are different from other cellular systems.
  • the same frequencies of the CDMA radio carrier 410 may be optionally used in adjacent cell sites, which eliminates the need for frequency planning, and the wide-band radio channel 410 provides less severe fading, which results in more consistent quality voice transmission under varying radio signal conditions.
  • Fig. 5 shows a table 500 illustrating the types of handoffs specified by IS-95.
  • the first type of handoff is a soft handoff 510.
  • a soft handoff is a handoff in which the mobile station commences communications with a new base station without interrupting communications with the old base station. Soft handoff can only be used between CDMA channels having identical frequency assignments. Soft handoff provides diversity of Forward Traffic Channels and Reverse Traffic Channel paths on the boundaries between base stations.
  • the second type of handoff is a CDMA to CDMA Hard Handoff 520.
  • a CDMA to CDMA Hard Handoff 520 is a handoff in which the mobile station is fransitioned between disjoint sets of base stations, different frequency assignments or different frame offsets.
  • a CDMA to Analog Handoff 530 is a handoff in which the mobile station is directed from a Forward Traffic Channel to an analog voice channel.
  • Fig. 6 is a table illustrating the types of information tracked by the mobile.
  • the first set of information is the Active Set 610.
  • the Active Set 610 is the pilots associated with the Forward Traffic Channels currently assigned to the mobile station.
  • the second set of information is the candidate set 620.
  • the candidate set 620 is the pilots that are not currently in the Active Set but have been received by the mobile station with sufficient strength to indicate that the associated Forward Traffic Channels could be successfully demodulated.
  • the third set of information tracked by the mobile is the neighbor set 630.
  • the neighbor set 630 contains the pilots that are not currently in the Active Set or the Candidate Set and are likely candidates for handoff.
  • the mobile also tracks a Remaining Set 640.
  • the Remaining set is the set of all remaining pilots in the current system.
  • the base station directs the mobile station by sending an "Extended Handoff Direction Message."
  • the IS-41 standard specifies the inter-system signaling protocol for IS- 95, IS-41 does not specify the transfer of any Active Set information between the old and the new base stations during a handoff.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates CDMA to CDMA hard handoff 700 according to the present invention.
  • the signals are transmitted between the two base stations - the old 710 and the new 720, and the mobile station 730 during the CDMA to CDMA hard handoff.
  • the mobile 730 sends a "Pilot Strength Measurement Message" 740.
  • This message 740 includes information on the base station 710 from which the mobile 730 derives its time reference in terms of its PN sequence offset and pilot strength. Also included in this message 740 is the PN sequence offset, pilot strength and handoff drop tuner information for each base station in the Active and Candidate Sets.
  • the base station 710 then directs the mobile station 730 to perform a CDMA to CDMA hard handoff by sending an "Extended Handoff Direction Message" 742.
  • the mobile station 730 disables its transmitter, resets the fade timer, suspends incrementing TOT_FRAMES and BAD_FRAMES and tunes to the assigned
  • the mobile 730 performs acquisition of the pilots in the new Active Set that is specified by the "Extended Handoff Direction Message" 742. Upon receiving a sufficiently large number of good frames on the assigned Forward Traffic Channel, the mobile 730 can re-enable its transmitter and resume incrementing TOT_FRAMES and BAD_FRAMES. Afterwards, the mobile 730 sends the "Handoff Completion Message" 744, 746 to indicate that the handoff has been performed successfully. Then, the new base station 720 notifies the old base station 710 that the mobile station 730 has moved to the new base station by issuing an IS-41 MobileOnChannel message. However, the new base station 720 has to inform the old base station 710 the
  • the Facilities Directive 2 operation used to request that the Target mobile switching center (not shown) initiate the Handoff-Forward Task for CDMA networks, must provide information on the new Active Set.
  • the old base station upon receiving the "Pilot Strength Measurement Message" 740 the old base station starts negotiating with the new, target base station 720 for service. For this purpose, the old base station sends a "FACDIR2" message 748. If the new base station 720 can accommodate the mobile 730, the new base station 720 sends a facdir2" return result message 750. For seamless inter-working of the IS-41 with IS-95, the new base station sends the Active Set information to the old base station 710 in the "facdir2" return message 750.
  • the "facdir2" return message 750 already includes information on the PN Code Offset, Band Class, CDMA Channel Number of the new base station 720.
  • This information is then forwarded by the old base station 710 to the mobile 730 via the "Extended Handoff Direction Message" 742. Also included in this message is information on the Forward Traffic Channel that the new base station 720 can allocate for the mobile 730.
  • the "Extended Handoff Direction Message” 742 contains the information on the new Active Set received by the old base station 710 from the new base station 720. As mentioned above, the Active Set data is provided to the old base station 710 according to the present invention via the "facdir2" message.
  • the Active Set information is the base station specific pilot PN offset, power control symbol and the Walsh code channel that is available for trafficking.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de fournir un ensemble actif d'informations pour assurer l'interfonctionnement direct durant les opérations de transfert de type dur effectuées par les stations mobiles. On transmet lesdites informations dans le message de retour facdir2, durant la procédure de transfert. Le procédé de transfert comprend les étapes suivantes: envoi à l'ancienne station de base de mesures de qualité et de puissance du signal reçu recueillies par la station mobile, envoi par l'ancienne station de base à la nouvelle station de base d'un message de demande de négociation entre l'ancienne station de base et la nouvelle station de base, envoi d'un message de retour de la nouvelle station de base à l'ancienne station de base, ce message comprenant un ensemble actif d'informations pour la nouvelle station de base, fourniture par l'ancienne station de base de ces informations à la nouvelle station de base, invitation à la station mobile d'effectuer le transfert vers la nouvelle station de base, exécution du transfert vers la nouvelle station de base par la station mobile et indication par la station mobile à l'ancienne station de base et à la nouvelle station de base que le transfert est effectué, et enfin notification à l'ancienne station de base que la station mobile a effectué le transfert vers la nouvelle station de base.
PCT/US1999/021905 1998-09-24 1999-09-21 Procede et dispositif permettant de fournir des informations relatives a la station de base durant les operations de transfert des stations mobiles WO2000018174A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU61571/99A AU6157199A (en) 1998-09-24 1999-09-21 Method and apparatus for providing base station information for a mobile during handoffs

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15983598A 1998-09-24 1998-09-24
US09/159,835 1998-09-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000018174A1 WO2000018174A1 (fr) 2000-03-30
WO2000018174A9 true WO2000018174A9 (fr) 2000-11-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1999/021905 WO2000018174A1 (fr) 1998-09-24 1999-09-21 Procede et dispositif permettant de fournir des informations relatives a la station de base durant les operations de transfert des stations mobiles

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6157199A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000018174A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7706326B2 (en) * 2004-09-10 2010-04-27 Interdigital Technology Corporation Wireless communication methods and components that implement handoff in wireless local area networks
US7512110B2 (en) 2004-09-21 2009-03-31 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus to facilitate inter-AN HRPD hard handoff

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5761623A (en) * 1995-10-13 1998-06-02 Telefonaktiebologet Lm Ericsson (Publ) Cellular telecommunications network having seamless interoperability between exchanges while supporting operation in multiple frequency hyperbands

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6157199A (en) 2000-04-10
WO2000018174A1 (fr) 2000-03-30

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