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WO2000016365A1 - Lampe possedant un reflecteur dichroique ameliore - Google Patents

Lampe possedant un reflecteur dichroique ameliore Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000016365A1
WO2000016365A1 PCT/US1999/020865 US9920865W WO0016365A1 WO 2000016365 A1 WO2000016365 A1 WO 2000016365A1 US 9920865 W US9920865 W US 9920865W WO 0016365 A1 WO0016365 A1 WO 0016365A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wavelength region
coating
transmittance
discharge lamp
fill
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/020865
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Douglas A. Kirkpatrick
Yongzhang Leng
James T. Dolan
Original Assignee
Fusion Lighting, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fusion Lighting, Inc. filed Critical Fusion Lighting, Inc.
Priority to AU60349/99A priority Critical patent/AU6034999A/en
Publication of WO2000016365A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000016365A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
    • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
    • H01J65/044—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by a separate microwave unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
    • H01J61/40—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by light filters; by coloured coatings in or on the envelope

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to discharge lamps. More particularly, the invention relates to electroded or electrodeless lamps including a bulb bearing a coating or a covering for improving the color of the lamp.
  • bulbs may be utilized in combination with dichroic reflectors to alter the output spectrum of the lamp.
  • Such reflectors may be disposed directly on the bulb or may be discrete reflectors spaced from the bulb.
  • Fig. 1 corresponds to Fig. 18 of the '918 patent and illustrates a dichroic reflector 130 disposed on a spherical bulb 92 which is located in a microwave cavity 134 closed by a mesh 136.
  • certain bulb fills e.g., sulfur, selenium, metal halides, etc.
  • a discharge lamp includes a light transmissive envelope, a discharge forming fill disposed in the envelope which emits light when excited, and a coating disposed on the envelope, wherein the coating is configured to selectively transmit light emitted by the fill in accordance with wavelength and to provide a gradual transition from a first wavelength region of high transmittance to a second wavelength region of reduced transmittance.
  • the transition occurs from about 90% of full transmittance in the first wavelength region to within 10% of a level of reduced transmittance in the second wavelength region over a range of at least 10 nanometers.
  • the coating may comprise a multi-layer dichroic coating having ten or fewer layers.
  • the coating comprises a multi-layer dichroic coating having seven or fewer layers.
  • the fill may comprise, for example, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, or a metal halide fill producing a continuous spectrum by molecular radiation.
  • the coating is further configured to provide a second gradual transition from the second wavelength region of reduced transmittance to a third wavelength region of high transmittance.
  • the first wavelength region corresponds to the blue wavelength region
  • the second wavelength region corresponds to the green wavelength region
  • the third wavelength region corresponds to the red wavelength region.
  • the second transition occurs from within 10% of a level of reduced transmittance in the second wavelength region to about 90% of full transmittance in the third wavelength region over a range of at least 10 nanometers. More preferably, the second transition occurs over a range of between 30 and 60 nanometers.
  • a discharge lamp includes a light transmissive envelope, a discharge forming fill disposed in the envelope which emits light when excited, the fill producing a continuous spectrum by molecular radiation, and a coating disposed on the envelope, wherein the coating is configured to selectively transmit light emitted by the fill in accordance with wavelength and to provide a gradual transition from a first wavelength region of high transmittance to a second wavelength region of reduced transmittance, wherein the first and second wavelength regions are selected in accordance with the spectrum characteristics of the fill to provide modified color characteristics.
  • the fill comprises sulfur and the first wavelength region corresponds to the blue wavelength region and the second wavelength region correspond to the green wavelength region.
  • the coating is further configured to provide a second gradual transition from the second wavelength region of reduced transmittance to the red wavelength region with high transmittance.
  • Fig.1 is a schematic diagram of a bulb bearing a dichroic coating.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph of transmittance versus wavelength for several preferred embodiments of a dichroic reflector according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3A is a graph of output spectrum for an uncoated sulfur bulb.
  • Fig. 3B is a graph of output spectrum for a first embodiment of a coated sulfur bulb according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3C is a graph of output spectrum for a second embodiment of a coated sulfur bulb according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3D is a graph of output spectrum for a third embodiment of a coated sulfur bulb according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of output spectrum for a bulb coated in accordance with the second embodiment operated at full power for 1750 hours.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph of output spectrum for a bulb coated in accordance with the second embodiment operated at reduced power for 1750 hours.
  • Conventional dichroic reflectors utilize many layers to provide relatively sharp cutoffs at the selected wavelengths.
  • the steepest slope of such sharp cutoff reflectors may be on the order of ten or several tens of percent transmittance / nanometer (nm).
  • the transition for such sharp cutoff reflectors from 90% of full transmittance to within 10% of the desired reduced transmittance may occur over a range of only a few nanometers.
  • 20 or more layers are generally required.
  • the multi-layer sharp cutoff coatings are subject to significant thermal stresses under lamp operating conditions.
  • the sharp cutoffs are not well suited to the broad, continuous spectrum of molecular radiation producing fills such as, for example, the sulfur lamp.
  • a bulb for a discharge lamp includes a thin dichroic coating disposed on the bulb, wherein the coating is configured to provide a gradual transition from a region of high transmittance to a region of reduced transmittance.
  • the transition preferably occurs from about 90% of full transmittance to within 10% of a desired transmittance over at least 10 nm and preferably between about 20 and 40 nm.
  • the coating is a multi-layer dichroic coating having relatively few layers as compared to a the number of layers for a comparable coating which provides sharp cutoff.
  • 10 or fewer layers are utilized and more preferably 7 or fewer layers are utilized.
  • the gradual transition is well matched to the broad and smoothly changing sulfur spectra.
  • the coating is further configured to provide a second gradual transition from the region of reduced transmittance to a second region of high transmittance.
  • the second transition preferably occurs from within 10% of the desired transmittance to about 90% of full transmittance over at least 10 nm and preferably between about 30 and 60 nm.
  • a further advantage of the relatively fewer layer coating of the invention is that a thinner coating is more thermo-mechanically robust as compared to a thicker coating.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph of transmittance vs. wavelength for three preferred embodiments of an optical interference film according to the present invention. As is apparent from the graph, wavelengths in the green region are preferentially reflected back into the bulb.
  • a first embodiment (Coating #1 ) provides a transmittance of about 50% in this region (corresponding to a reflectance of about 50%).
  • a second embodiment (Coating #2) provides a transmittance of about 40% in this region (corresponding to a reflectance of about 60%).
  • a third embodiment (Coating #3) provides a transmittance of about 30% (corresponding to a reflectance of about 70%). As shown in Fig.
  • the transmittance of the dichroic reflector transitions gradually from near 100% transmittance in the blue wavelength region to the respective transmittances of 50%, 40%, and 30% in the green wavelength region and then transitions gradually back to near 100% transmittance in the red wavelength region.
  • the steepest slope of these preferred embodiments is approximately 3.33 % transmittance / nm from blue to green and approximately 1.24 % transmittance / nm from green to red.
  • the transition for each embodiment occurs over a broad range of wavelengths as noted in Table 1 below:
  • Coating #1 from 90% to 50% over about 50 nm (to 55% over 22 nm); and from 50% to 90% over about 75 nm (from 55% over 35 nm).
  • Coating #2 from 90% to 40% over about 30 nm (to 44% over 25 nm); and from 40% to 90% over about 50 nm (from 44% over 45 nm).
  • Coating #3 from 90% to 30% over about 40 nm (to 33% over 36 nm); and from 30% to 90 % over about 60 nm (from 33% over 50 nm). Table 1
  • the reflectance is configured to account for the spectral variation of the optical depth of the sulfur plasma as a function of wavelength.
  • the reflectivity of the dichroic coating is preferably increasing from the blue to the green wavelength regions of the spectrum and decreasing from the green to the red region wavelengths of the spectrum.
  • different reflectivity / wavelength relationships would be required in accordance with the spectrum and re-absorption / re-emission characteristics of the fill.
  • a spectral shift of the reflectance of the dichroic coating may occur during the initial hours of lamp operation due to the high temperature and high electric field stresses on the coating. This spectral shift may be measured and characterized. After the initial shift, the reflectance of the coating stabilizes.
  • the dichroic coating is preferably configured to compensate for the anticipated spectral shift to provide a desired spectrum after the coating stabilizes.
  • a thin and highly uniform dichroic coating is disposed on the outer bulb surface.
  • a coating may be provided, for example, through the MicroDyn® sputtering process available from Deposition Sciences Incorporated of Santa Rosa, CA. This process is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,616,224, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The process results in a high temperature HeatBuster® type color correcting optical interference film disposed on the outside envelope of the bulb. MicroDyn® and HeatBuster® are registered trademarks of Deposition Sciences Inc.
  • the coating is applied to a 35 mm outer diameter spherical bulb using the MicroDyn® sputtering process to provide a high temperature HeatBuster® type color correcting interference film.
  • the bulb has a fill density of about 26 mg sulfur (about 1.4 mg/cc) and 50 Torr Argon.
  • the outer bulb is entirely coated and the coating is uniform within about 5% over greater than or equal to about 3 ⁇ steradians, and most preferably over greater than or equal to about 4 ⁇ steradians.
  • the coating is designed to withstand continuous operation at about 1000°C without degradation to the film.
  • Figs. 3A-D are graphs of output spectrum of uncoated and coated sulfur bulbs, respectively, excited by a standard Light DriveTM 1000 microwave discharge lamp from Fusion Lighting, Inc. of Rockville, MD USA.
  • Fig. 3A is a graph of output spectrum for an uncoated sulfur bulb.
  • the lamp has a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 5879 and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 79.
  • CCT correlated color temperature
  • CRI color rendering index
  • Fig. 3B is a graph of output spectrum for the first embodiment (reflectance of about 50%).
  • the lamp has a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 5181 and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 87.
  • CCT correlated color temperature
  • CRI color rendering index
  • Fig. 3C is a graph of output spectrum for the second embodiment (reflectance of about 60%).
  • the lamp has a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 5168 and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 90.
  • CCT correlated color temperature
  • CRI color rendering index
  • Fig. 3D is a graph of output spectrum for the third embodiment (reflectance of about 70%).
  • the lamp has a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 4579 and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 88.
  • coatings having a higher reflectance provide a higher CRI, but a lower efficiency.
  • coatings providing a lower reflectance provide a lower CRI, but a higher efficiency.
  • a bulb coated to provide a CRI of about 85 was about 10% less efficient than an uncoated sulfur bulb.
  • a bulb coated to provide a CRI of about 92 was about 15-20% less efficient than an uncoated sulfur bulb.
  • the coated sulfur bulb according to the invention is highly efficient. Moreover, most high CRI HID lamps use metal halides or other fill additives to achieve better color rendering and these lamps lose their good color characteristics over a relatively short time.
  • the coated sulfur bulb according to the present invention maintains a high CRI over several thousand hours.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of output spectrum for a bulb built according to the second embodiment (reflectance of about 60%) comparing an initial spectrum with the spectrum after about 1750 hours of operation at full power.
  • the initial spectrum corresponds to a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 5452 and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 92.
  • the spectrum corresponds to a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 5212 and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 83.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph of output spectrum for a bulb built according to the second embodiment (reflectance of about 60%) comparing an initial spectrum with the spectrum after about 1750 hours of operation at reduced power (e.g. about 80%).
  • the initial spectrum corresponds to a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 5413 and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 91.
  • the spectrum corresponds to a correlated color temperature (CCT) of about 4864 and a color rendering index (CRI) of about 88.
  • a lamp utilizing the bulb coating of the present invention at a reduced power level to avoid overstressing the coating and to maintain a high CRI.
  • a bulb built according to the second embodiment has operated substantially continuously at about 80% power for over 8000 hours while maintaining a CRI of about 86.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

Lampe à décharge comprenant une enveloppe (92) transmettant la lumière, une substance produisant une décharge, placée dans l'enveloppe et émettant de la lumière quand elle est excitée, et un revêtement (130) placé sur l'enveloppe et conçu pour transmettre de façon sélective la lumière émise par la substance en fonction de la longueur d'onde et pour exercer une première transition graduelle depuis une première zone de longueur d'onde (par exemple, la zone bleue) de transmittance élevée jusqu'à une deuxième zone de longueur d'onde (par exemple, la zone verte) de transmittance limitée. Ce revêtement peut être, de plus, conçu pour exercer une deuxième transition graduelle depuis la deuxième zone de longueur d'onde de transmittance limitée jusqu'à une troisième zone de longueur d'onde (par exemple, la zone rouge) de transmittance élevée. Ces transitions s'effectuent, de préférence, dans une plage importante de longueurs d'ondes (par exemple, 10,75 nanomètres). La substance de décharge est composée de soufre, de sélénium, de tellurium, d'halogénure d'indium ou d'autres halogénures métalliques produisant un spectre continu par rayonnement moléculaire. Le revêtement consiste en un revêtement dichroïque multicouche possédant un nombre relativement limité de couches (par exemple, égal ou inférieur à dix).
PCT/US1999/020865 1998-09-17 1999-09-16 Lampe possedant un reflecteur dichroique ameliore WO2000016365A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU60349/99A AU6034999A (en) 1998-09-17 1999-09-16 Lamp with improved dichroic reflector

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10086998P 1998-09-17 1998-09-17
US60/100,869 1998-09-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000016365A1 true WO2000016365A1 (fr) 2000-03-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1999/020865 WO2000016365A1 (fr) 1998-09-17 1999-09-16 Lampe possedant un reflecteur dichroique ameliore

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6034999A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000016365A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1384245A4 (fr) * 2001-03-30 2005-03-16 Advanced Lighting Tech Inc Lampe a plasma amelioree et procede associe
WO2006034500A1 (fr) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-30 Luxim Corporation Systeme et procedes de lampe a plasma
DE102005002550A1 (de) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Infineon Technologies Ag Lift-Off-Verfahren
US7348732B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-03-25 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7372209B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-05-13 Luxim Corporation Microwave energized plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5773918A (en) * 1990-10-25 1998-06-30 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lamp with light reflection back into bulb
US5825132A (en) * 1994-04-07 1998-10-20 Gabor; George RF driven sulfur lamp having driving electrodes arranged to cool the lamp

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5773918A (en) * 1990-10-25 1998-06-30 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lamp with light reflection back into bulb
US5804922A (en) * 1990-10-25 1998-09-08 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Lamp with controllable spectral output
US5866980A (en) * 1990-10-25 1999-02-02 Fusion Lighting, Inc. Sulfur/selenium lamp with improved characteristics
US5825132A (en) * 1994-04-07 1998-10-20 Gabor; George RF driven sulfur lamp having driving electrodes arranged to cool the lamp

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7372209B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-05-13 Luxim Corporation Microwave energized plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7429818B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-09-30 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with bulb and lamp chamber
US8203272B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2012-06-19 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide integrated with transparent bulb
US7348732B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-03-25 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7358678B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-04-15 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7362055B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-04-22 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7362056B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-04-22 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7362054B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-04-22 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US8125153B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2012-02-28 Luxim Corporation Microwave energized plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US8110988B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2012-02-07 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7391158B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2008-06-24 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7498747B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2009-03-03 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7518315B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2009-04-14 Luxim Corporation Microwave energized plasma lamp with solid dielectric waveguide
US7525253B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2009-04-28 Luxim Corporation Microwave energized plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
US7919923B2 (en) 2000-07-31 2011-04-05 Luxim Corporation Plasma lamp with dielectric waveguide
EP1384245A4 (fr) * 2001-03-30 2005-03-16 Advanced Lighting Tech Inc Lampe a plasma amelioree et procede associe
WO2006034500A1 (fr) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-30 Luxim Corporation Systeme et procedes de lampe a plasma
DE102005002550A1 (de) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-27 Infineon Technologies Ag Lift-Off-Verfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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