WO2000006847A1

WO2000006847A1 - Heat-insulating and soundproofing wall unit under vacuum

Info

Publication number: WO2000006847A1
Application number: PCT/DE1999/002340
Authority: WO
Inventors: Dieter Braun
Original assignee: Dieter Braun
Priority date: 1998-07-30
Filing date: 1999-07-29
Publication date: 2000-02-10
Also published as: DE19834379A1; AU6324599A; DE19981431D2; EP1019589A1; DE19834379C2

Abstract

The invention relates to a versatile heat-insulating and soundproofing walling unit (1). The walling unit is characterised in that outer panels (2, 3) are provided, said outer panels being interconnected and distanced from each other by means of special spacers (18-25). Said spacers (18-25) are configured in such a way that the heat conduction paths which run from one outer panel to another via the spacers (18-25) are at least twice the distance between the inner surfaces of the outer panels (2, 3).

Description

EVACUATED HEAT AND SOUND INSULATING WALL ELEMENT

The invention relates to a partially evacuated or evacuated, heat and sound insulating wall element with a variety of uses. Evacuated wall elements with heat-insulating properties are known from the prior art, in which a solid filler with low thermal conductivity is provided between two parallel outer plates. Since the thermal conductivity of solids is relatively large, only a moderate insulation effect can be achieved with small wall thicknesses. The insulation effect can be significantly improved if the space between the outer panels is evacuated and no filler is used. This presupposes, however, that suitable structural measures prevent the outer panels from being pressed together by the external air pressure. It is known to insert support ribs, webs or the like made of poorly heat-conducting materials and additionally to provide measures against heat transfer by radiation.

DE 37 05 61 3 shows a conventional thermal insulation device consisting of thermally insulating material with gas-impermeable intermediate layers, the intermediate layers being constructed in such a way that they form a honeycomb structure when strung together and the individual cells of the honeycomb structure are connected by opening paths so that short evacuation paths arise and a convection in the vertical direction is prevented. This arrangement has average thermal insulation and poor sound insulation.

It is the object of the invention to provide a wall element with improved insulation properties with regard to heat and sound. The object is achieved with a wall element according to claim 1.

According to claim 1, an evacuated wall element with outer plates is provided, spacers being arranged at a plurality of support points distributed over the inner surfaces of the outer plates and the spacers being designed such that heat-conducting paths which run from one inner surface to the other inner surface via the spacers multiply theirs Change direction so that the heat conducting paths are at least twice as long as the distance between the inner surfaces of the outer plates. The main advantage of the invention arises from the combination of the individual features.

Thermal insulation: The vacuum provides good thermal insulation. The spacers ensure that the external air pressure does not deform the wall sections between the support points. Due to the long heat conduction paths, the good degree of insulation of the vacuum is not reduced by an impermissibly high heat conduction between the plates via the spacers. As a result, the wall element has good thermal insulation.

Sound insulation:

Good vacuum insulation is also achieved through the vacuum. Since the structure-borne noise can only propagate along the heat conduction paths and, according to the invention, these are particularly long, structure-borne noise propagation from one outside of the wall element to the other outside is greatly damped. Further measures regarding the attenuation of the sound transmission are set out in claim 2.

According to claim 2, devices are provided which additionally dampen the transmission of ambient sound if the damping from the vacuum is insufficient. The damping elements can, for. B. made of rubber exist and be arranged between the spacers. Since the spacers can have a wide variety of shapes, the shapes of the damping elements must be adapted accordingly.

According to claim 3, the heat conduction paths have a low specific heat conductivity, whereby the insulation effect is further improved, i. H. materials with a particularly low specific thermal conductivity are used to form the thermal conduction paths.

According to claim 4, the heat conduction paths are at least three times as large as the distance between the outer plates, which already brings about a particularly high level of heat and sound insulation.

According to claim 5, the spacers form a push-pull construction, which is alternately constructed from push and pull elements. The most diverse embodiments of such a push-pull construction are explained in further subclaims and in the examples in order to clarify the general principle of the push-pull construction.

According to claim 6, rod-shaped connecting elements form a composite structure with particularly long heat-conducting paths. The essence of this construction is that the rods provided as connecting elements are designed or shaped so that the rods do not run the shortest way from the outer plate to the outer plate, but are angled several times. The composite construction must be designed in such a way that compressive forces acting perpendicularly to the outer plates are safely absorbed, so that tilting moments are avoided and the rods are not bent or deformed. A more detailed description is given in the exemplary embodiments.

According to claim 7, the spacer is designed such that - On the inside of the first outer plate, two thick pressure bars are arranged spaced, which extend in the direction of the second outer plate,

the free end sections of the compression rods are connected to tension elements which extend in the direction of the first outer plate,

the free end sections of the tension elements are connected to the legs of a U-profile,

- Additional tension elements are arranged parallel and close to the legs, - The free end sections of the tension elements are in turn connected to the legs of another U-profile, whereby a nested structure is created, which is held by a centrally arranged final pressure rod, which is the supports the second outer plate.

The U-profiles used here can be manufactured technologically well, which means that the manufacturing costs are low.

According to claim 8, the spacer is designed such that

a rod-shaped pressure element supporting on the outer plate extends in the direction of the outer plate,

an approximately semi-circular strip element is arranged on the end section of the pressure element,

a further strip element is arranged on the strip element, so that a crescent-shaped structure is formed, the strip elements being firmly connected to one another at the end sections,

- On the top of the upper strip element, a further pressure element is arranged in line with the first pressure element, which again has a crescent-shaped structure, which is followed by a further pressure element, which is supported on the outer plate. The advantage of this arrangement is the technologically simple manufacture of the spacer, which can also be produced fully automatically in large quantities.

According to claim 9, the wall element consists of a plurality of stacked sheets of materials of appropriate strength, over the surface of which angular or hollow, conical designs are distributed. The flanks of the angles or the cones have the same angle within a sheet. The placed or seated sheet has a larger angle, so that the sheets only touch at their pyramid tips. This structure is repeated several times as required.

The advantage of this arrangement is that the sheets with these designs are technologically easy to manufacture and can be easily stacked on top of each other. Plastics or composite materials can also be used as the material.

The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of exemplary embodiments with accompanying drawings.

1 a and 1 b show a first schematic diagram of the invention in

Compared to the

Fig. 1 c, which shows the prior art. Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention.

3 shows a third embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the invention.

1 a shows a first schematic representation of a wall element 1 with the outer plates 2 and 3, between which connecting webs 4 are arranged. are not. In this case, these connecting webs are approximately three times as long as the distance A between the inner sides of the outer plates 2 and 3. For illustration, FIG. 1b shows a second basic illustration of a wall element 1 with the outer plates 2 and 3, between which connecting webs 4 are arranged. In this case, these connecting webs are approximately 7 times as long as the distance A between the outer plates 2 and 3.

1 c shows a conventional wall element for illustration, the connecting webs 4 of which are as long as the distance A between the outer plates 2 and 3.

If there is a temperature difference between the outer plates 2 and 3, there is a tendency for temperature compensation. The heat can be transferred by heat conduction and / or by convection or / and by radiation. In the following considerations it is assumed that the heat transfer by radiation is limited by suitable measures known to the person skilled in the art.

If a conventional wall element according to FIG. 1 c has been evacuated, temperature compensation can only take place by conduction via the webs 4. The lower the thermal conductivity of these webs, the smaller the distance A can be. The thermal conductivity depends on the cross section, the specific thermal conductivity of the material and the length of the webs. Since the specific heat conduction of the material and the cross section can only be changed within predetermined limits and the web length corresponds to the distance A, no increase in the insulation effect can be achieved with a conventional solution according to FIG. 1 c. However, if the web length, ie the heat conduction path, is significantly larger than A, the insulation effect also improves significantly, ie the distance A can be significantly smaller with the same good insulation effect.

It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the constructions of the connecting webs shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b have unfavorable mechanical properties and are not suitable for ensuring sufficient mechanical strength of the wall element. From this figure, which reveals the essence of the invention in the drawing, however, the person skilled in the art can derive the inventive principle and, in conjunction with the following exemplary embodiments, can also build further constructions which are not explicitly illustrated, without having any inventive step.

2 shows a composite construction with particularly long thermal conduction paths. Reference numerals 2 and 3 designate the lower and the upper outer plate of the wall element, respectively. Two support elements 5, 6 are perpendicular to the outer plate 2. Two pairs of tension elements 7, 8 and 9, 10 each extend obliquely downward from the upper end sections of the support elements 5, 6, the lower end sections of which are connected to a pyramid-shaped intermediate piece 11 are. The intermediate piece 1 1 consists of 4 bars which form the side edges 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d of a pyramid, over the tip 4e of which two further tension elements 1 2 and 1 3 are tensioned, which form a V-shaped element 14 with two legs 1 5 and 1 6 wear, the tip of which is in contact with the outer plate 3. For mechanical stabilization, the support elements 5, 6 are connected at their end sections to a connecting element 17 which runs parallel to the outer plates 2 and 3. Without further explanation it can be seen that the heat conduction path 5, 6 runs over 7, 8, 9, 10 over 1 1 over 12, 13 and over 1 5, 1 6 and is considerably longer than the distance between the outer plates 2 and 3. It is also clear to the person skilled in the art that this structure has a symmetrical force distribution, so that vertical forces F are absorbed and distributed evenly. This rod train Construction can be carried out in different variants, whereby the basic principle remains the same. It is particularly worth mentioning that the elements or sections which are subjected to tension and which, in accordance with the inventive concept, alternate in principle with the supporting elements or sections which are subjected to pressure, bring about substantial advantages for heat and sound insulation. The tension elements or tension sections only absorb tensile forces and, unlike the pressure-absorbing support elements, need not be designed for kink resistance. Therefore, the tension elements can be dimensioned very thin, which means that they have poor heat and sound conduction properties.

3 shows a further embodiment of the invention. Between the outer plates 2 and 3, two different types of acute-angled profiled sheets 1 8 to 25 are alternately interlaced, the individual sections of which are mutually stressed by tension and pressure. As can be seen, the profiles each have different dimensions and angles, the shape of the profiles being designed such that the profile sheets alternately touch each other only at their inner and outer tips. As already explained in the description of FIG. 2, very long thermal conduction paths are also generated here, as can be seen from the drawing without additional explanations. This embodiment can be produced particularly easily and inexpensively from a technological point of view, with the sections which are subjected to tension again being thin, e.g. B. can be formed as a membrane. Another advantage is that this embodiment can be used in the macroscopic as well as in the microscopic area. The macroscopic version is e.g. B. shown in Fig. 3 on a scale of 1: 1. A microscopic version can e.g. B. 1 0 ... 20 times or even smaller.

Instead of the angle profiles, sheets or hard foils with deep-drawn pyramids of any shape can also be used. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention in a side view. It can be clearly seen that two thicker rods with sufficient kink resistance are attached vertically to the outer plate 2. The upper end section is angled and carries a tension element. This tension element can be very thin and only has to have the required tensile strength. Since specialist wires with very high tensile strength are available to the person skilled in the art, it becomes clear that only a very low heat conduction and also sound conduction are possible via such a wire. In the selected example, a heat flow 1 1 changes direction, ie an extremely long heat conduction path is generated, which clearly shows and without calculation that the heat conduction via the spacers is negligibly small.

5 shows a further embodiment of the invention in the side view. A kink-resistant support 34 carries a crescent-shaped structure made of two strip elements 35, 36, which are welded or glued together at their end sections. A kink-resistant support is again arranged on this crescent-shaped structure and the crescent-shaped structure is in turn arranged on it. In this example, the end of the outer plate is again formed by a pressure element 38.

The function of this spacer is the same as that in the previous examples. It is obvious that very long thermal conduction paths can also be produced with this embodiment, which can be extended as required with the number of crescent-shaped structures.

It should be noted that the scope of protection of the claims is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Due to the different embodiments, the person skilled in the art can select similar constructions without having to be inventive, since he only has to follow the general and fully disclosed technical teaching.

Claims

Expectations

1 . Evacuated wall element (1) with outer plates (2, 3) which are spaced apart by means of spacers (4), whereby

- The spacers (4) are arranged at a plurality of support points distributed over the inner surfaces of the outer plates and

- The spacers (4) are designed in such a way that heat-conducting paths that run from one inner surface to the other inner surface via the spacers (4) change their direction several times, so that the heat-conducting paths are at least twice as long as the distance (A) between the inner surfaces of the outer plates (2, 3).

2. Wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that within the wall element devices for insulating the transmission of

Room sounds are provided.

3. Wall element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat conducting paths are formed by materials with a low specific thermal conductivity.

4. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the heat conducting paths is at least three times as large as the distance between the inner surfaces of the outer plates (2, 3).

5. Wall element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (4) form a push-pull construction which is alternately constructed from push and pull elements.

6. Wall element according to claim 5 with a spacer, characterized in that on the outer plate (2) two support elements (5, 6) are perpendicular, at the upper end portions of each two tension elements (7, 8) and (9, 10) obliquely extend downwards and there are connected to a pyramid-shaped intermediate piece (1 1), the intermediate piece (1 1) consisting of 4 bars which form the side edges (4a, 4b, 4c and 4d) of a pyramid, over the top of which ( 4e) two further tension elements (12 and 13) are braced, which carry an inverted V-shaped element (14) with two legs (15) and (16), the tip of which is in contact with the outer plate (3), the supporting elements (5, 6) are connected at their end sections for mechanical stabilization to a connecting element (17) which runs parallel to the outer plates (2) and (3), FIG. 2.

7. Wall element according to claim 5 with a spacer, characterized in that

- On the outer plate (2) two thick pressure bars (26) are arranged spaced, which extend in the direction of the outer plate (3),

- The free end sections of the pressure rods (26) are connected to tension elements (27) which extend in the direction of the outer plate (2), - The end sections of the tension elements (27) are connected to the legs (28) of a U-profile,

- Further tension elements (29) are arranged parallel and closely spaced apart from the legs (28),

- The free end sections of the tension elements (31, 32) are in turn connected to the legs of a further U-profile, whereby a nested structure is formed, which is arranged centrally Final pressure rod (33) is held, which is supported on the outer plate (3).

8. Wall element according to claim 5 with a spacer, characterized in that

a rod-shaped pressure element (34), which is supported on the outer plate (2), extends in the direction of the outer plate (3),

- On the end portion (34a) of the pressure element (34) an approximately semicircularly curved strip element (35) is arranged, - on the strip element (35) a further strip element (36) is arranged so that a crescent-shaped structure is formed, the strip elements (35, 36) are firmly connected to one another at the end sections,

- On the top of the strip element (36), a further pressure element (37) is arranged in line with the pressure element (34), which again carries a crescent-shaped strip element structure (35, 36), to which another pressure element (38) adjoins supported on the outer plate (3), Fig. 5.

9. Wall element according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the spacers are formed as an angularly folded or as a pyramid-shaped sheets (18 to 25) and stacked, FIG. 3.