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WO2000001497A1 - Procede pour eliminer d'une surface un materiau plastique adhesif et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede - Google Patents

Procede pour eliminer d'une surface un materiau plastique adhesif et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000001497A1
WO2000001497A1 PCT/EP1999/004618 EP9904618W WO0001497A1 WO 2000001497 A1 WO2000001497 A1 WO 2000001497A1 EP 9904618 W EP9904618 W EP 9904618W WO 0001497 A1 WO0001497 A1 WO 0001497A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser light
laser
pulse
yag
light pulse
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1999/004618
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Müller
Georg Bostanjoglo
Original Assignee
Laser- Und Medizin-Technologie Ggmbh Berlin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laser- Und Medizin-Technologie Ggmbh Berlin filed Critical Laser- Und Medizin-Technologie Ggmbh Berlin
Priority to AU49058/99A priority Critical patent/AU4905899A/en
Publication of WO2000001497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000001497A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/70—Maintenance
    • B29C33/72—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
    • B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
    • B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing plastic material adhering to a surface, in which the surface is irradiated with at least one laser light pulse, and to a device for carrying out the method with at least one laser for generating laser light pulses.
  • the document US-A 5 373 140 discloses such a method, which is used for cleaning molds in which molded parts are produced from plastic material.
  • a molded part is removed from a casting mold, particles or thin layers of the casting material generally adhere to the surfaces of the casting mold.
  • they are removed by irradiation with pulsed laser light.
  • the light striking the surface is absorbed by the material residues typically made of synthetic rubber or similar thermoplastic plastics.
  • the amounts of light radiated in this known method are so high that the material residues are heated by absorption of the radiation and then evaporate or, due to explosive evaporation, heated solvent inclusions are blasted off the surface. It is a disadvantage in doing so that in this known method a relatively high heat input into the upper surface also results in proper casting.
  • the organic plastic material can become charred.
  • the resulting carbonized fragments absorb the incident laser radiation to an increased extent and lead to local overheating, which can lead to the burning of residual constituents of the char products into the surface of the casting mold.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to develop a method of the type mentioned at the outset and an apparatus for carrying out the method in such a way that thermal damage to the irradiated surface is avoided.
  • the object is achieved in the method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the laser light pulse has a pulse duration t j 200 200 ns and in that the surface for ionizing the adhering plastic material has a
  • Exposure to at least 0.02 J / cm is exposed.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention which has at least one laser for generating laser light pulses and in which means for generating an irradiation of at least 0.02 J / cm on the surface by means of laser light pulses with a pulse duration t j ⁇ 200 ns are provided.
  • the surface with the plastic material adhering to it is irradiated by the laser light pulse over a period of at most 200 ns.
  • the laser must have such a high power that the surface is exposed to radiation of at least 0.02 J / cm. Because of this extremely short selected radiation duration with a correspondingly high pulse energy is achieved that electrons are released from the plastic material due to absorption of the radiation, so that the irradiated areas of the plastic material are ionized and spontaneously flake off from the surface due to electrostatic repulsion. Depending on the material, irradiation with only one or a few laser light pulses is sufficient to achieve the desired cleaning effect. As a rule, a pulse repetition rate of the laser in the range up to a maximum of 20 Hz is used. The contaminated surface is per laser light pulse
  • the irradiated plastic material will not essentially evaporate, but will be ionized as a result of a photo effect, ie the release of electrons bound in the material by light, and spontaneously blasted off from the surface to be cleaned by the electrostatic repulsion generated thereby.
  • Thermal excitations of the plastic material as a result of the radiation that is to say molecular vibrations, do not reach the amplitude required for the material to evaporate due to the short pulse duration.
  • the irradiated surface of the mold does not experience a harmful temperature increase.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably used for cleaning the inner surfaces of molds or injection molds in which plastic molded parts are produced. Since the method can be used directly at the place of use of the molds, it is not necessary to first uninstall the treated surfaces of a casting mold and then to adapt them to the required production parameters, for example a certain process temperature, after cleaning.
  • the process according to the invention has the further advantage that the formation of toxic gases is significantly reduced by the evaporation of plastic materials.
  • surfaces are cleaned which consist of a metal, a plastic or a mineral see material are made.
  • the method according to the invention is also suitable for cleaning surfaces which are coated with a coating layer, for example a titanium alloy. These are cleaned without damage, while an anatase or rutile film is removed.
  • the pulse duration t j of the laser light pulses is less than 100 ns, in particular between five and twenty ns. This extremely short exposure time ensures that the energy required for ionization is only implemented on the surface for the removal of plastic material.
  • Laser light with a wavelength between 200 and 3000 nm is advantageously used. With waves longer than 3000 nm, the probability of ionization decreases, so that undesired thermal ablation processes become more important.
  • laser light with a wavelength of less than 200 nm on the other hand, the deflection of the laser light onto the surface to be cleaned can only be accomplished with undesirable loss of intensity due to the absorption properties of common optical components.
  • the surface is exposed to a radiation of more than 2 J / cm per laser light pulse.
  • the radiation to which the surface is exposed is maintained at a value less than 60 J / cm. This largely avoids thermal detachment processes.
  • the plastic particles detached by radiation are sucked off. This prevents such particles from collecting in possibly inaccessible sections of a casting mold and thereby making time-consuming post-cleaning necessary.
  • a surface section with a certain extent is irradiated for each light pulse and the entire surface is gradually cleaned in a grid pattern.
  • Surface sections irradiated by successive light pulses can also overlap, ensuring that all surface sections are irradiated with the same frequency.
  • an optical amplifier connected downstream of the laser is preferably used, at the output of which laser light pulses with a pulse duration t j of less than 200 ns and a pulse energy of at least 100 and at most 3000 mJ, preferably however, leak more than 1000 mJ.
  • the generation of such high pulse energies by the optical amplifier has the advantage that the laser light beam can then be expanded, so that with each laser light pulse a comparatively large surface section of the invention
  • the area irradiated with a laser light pulse varies depending on the spatial shape of the surface to be cleaned. Depending on the radius of curvature or structures formed on the surface, such as grooves or webs, the irradiated area can be between 5 mm and 5 cm. This ensures that one per pulse
  • the use of an optical amplifier connected downstream of the laser has the further advantage that the amplified laser beam has a very homogeneous intensity profile.
  • the laser is a neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser, which is Q-switched to generate light pulses with a duration of at least 5 and at most 20 ns.
  • Nd: YAG neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet
  • an Nd: YAG amplifier is used as the downstream optical amplifier.
  • This solid-state laser system operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm has the advantage over other intensive laser light sources such as excimer lasers that it can be operated with particularly little maintenance and can be manufactured in very compact and also portable embodiments.
  • Nd: YAG laser and amplifier rods with a diameter of up to 25 mm are now also available. This has the advantage that the saturation of the amplifier is reduced while maintaining the pulse energy gain.
  • a beam shaping assembly formed from suitably arranged optical lenses. This can be designed in particular as a zoom lens, as a result of which a radiation value adapted to the respective application conditions can be set in a particularly simple manner.
  • the sensitive optical systems of the device according to the invention are protected from mechanical damage by the explosively flaking material particles by means of a protective unit provided between the beam shaping assembly and the surface to be cleaned.
  • the protective unit has an aperture facing the surface with an opening for the passage of the laser beam and a protective glass facing the beam shaping assembly, which extends transversely to the direction of propagation of the laser beam approximately over the extent of the beam shaping assembly.
  • the protective glass can be anti-reflective with an appropriate coating in order to keep the reflection losses as low as possible.
  • the cover serves to protect the protective glass, since this could quickly degrade due to the impact of detached particles.
  • Fig. 1 shows a portable cleaning device in a schematic, open side view
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a protective unit used in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a greatly simplified, open side view of a portable cleaning device 10, in the housing 12 of which a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser 14 is fastened.
  • the Nd: YAG laser 14 is connected via a supply cable 1 6 to an outside of the housing arranged and not shown here supply unit for electrical power and cooling water connected.
  • an air-cooled laser can also be used.
  • a laser beam 18, characterized by cross hatching and emerging from the laser 14, is directed via two plane mirrors 20 and 22 to the input of an Nd: YAG amplifier.
  • the folding of the beam path by 180 ° within the cleaning device 10, which is effected with the aid of the mirrors 20 and 22, has the advantage that its housing can be made compact.
  • the Nd: YAG amplifier 24 is connected via a supply cable 26 to a supply unit, also not shown, for supply with cooling water and electrical power.
  • a supply unit also not shown, for supply with cooling water and electrical power.
  • an Nd: YAG amplifier rod is used which has a larger diameter than the laser rod of the Nd: YAG laser 14. This enables an intense laser beam with a large diameter to be generated.
  • the mirrors 20 and 22 can also be designed such that they expand the beam 18 emerging from the Nd: YAG laser 14 into a parallel light beam with a larger diameter.
  • the essential shaping of the beam cross section takes place in a beam shaping unit 28 connected downstream of the Nd: YAG amplifier 24. This is designed as a zoom lens and enables the beam diameter to be continuously adjusted over a wide range.
  • the beam shaping unit can be implemented as a lens or lens systems, which are selected for the preparation of a particular processing task and inserted into the beam path.
  • the laser beam 18 After leaving the beam shaping unit 28, the laser beam 18 enters a protective unit 30, which protects the upstream optical components as well as the laser 14 and the amplifier 25 from removed particles and environmental influences.
  • the protection unit 30 is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the end of the cleaning device 10 towards the contaminated surface is formed by an end piece 32. This can be removed and replaced in order to facilitate use on differently shaped surfaces on which the laser beam 18 strikes after leaving the end piece 32.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the protective unit 30. This connects the beam shaping unit 28 with its figure 2 to the right and the end of the device.
  • the laser beam enters the protective unit through an anti-reflective protective glass 34 and then passes through an aperture 36. The space delimited by the protective glass 32 and the aperture 36 is flushed with air through an opening 38 let into the top of the housing 12.
  • the underpressure required for sucking in ambient air through the opening 38 is produced by a suction pump (not shown), and also the plastic particles entering the end piece 32 from the surface to be cleaned in the direction of the screen through an opening 40 and a suction pipe 42 from the cleaning device 10 leads out and, together with any vapors that arise, leads as exhaust air to a filter (also not shown).
  • the end piece is designed so that there is a sufficiently strong draft of air to extract the ablated particles that the proportion of laser radiation which - apart from the radiation used for cleaning the surface - emerges from the housing 1 2 to protect the operating personnel is as small as possible and at the same time an observation of the processing location is made possible.
  • the diaphragm 36 and the air flow symbolized in FIG. 2 by an arrow 44 branched at the base largely prevent detached particles from striking the protective glass 34.
  • a cleaning system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be used to generate beam diameters of more than 5 mm on surfaces.
  • the cleaning device 1 0 can be manufactured in different versions according to the respective requirements.
  • the housing can be provided with connections for a shoulder, pelvic or other belt, so that the device can be carried comfortably when used. Fastening options for a tripod or a robot arm can also be provided.
  • the cleaning device 10 can also be made mobile.
  • Parts of the structure that provide stability can be made from carbon-fiber composite materials or from titanium. Instead of or in addition to being attached to a housing 12, as shown in FIG. 1, the components of the cleaning device can also be fitted into a tube made of carbon-fiber composite material. This further increases stability against abrupt movements or shocks.
  • the application of the method according to the invention is not limited to the removal of thermoplastic materials such as synthetic rubber from press or injection molds. Rather, coloring or other dirt layers from metals, plastics or mineral substrates can also be removed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour éliminer d'une surface un matériau plastique adhésif. Dans ce procédé, la surface est exposée à au moins une impulsion de lumière laser. Cette impulsion de lumière laser présente une durée ti≤200 ns, et pour l'ionisation du matériau plastique adhésif, la surface est exposée à un rayonnement d'au moins 0,02 J/cm2.
PCT/EP1999/004618 1998-07-04 1999-07-02 Procede pour eliminer d'une surface un materiau plastique adhesif et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede WO2000001497A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU49058/99A AU4905899A (en) 1998-07-04 1999-07-02 Method for removing a plastic material adhering to a surface and device for carrying out said method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19830072A DE19830072A1 (de) 1998-07-04 1998-07-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum photoablativen Reinigen von Kunststoffpreß- und spritzformen
DE19830072.7 1998-07-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000001497A1 true WO2000001497A1 (fr) 2000-01-13

Family

ID=7873085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1999/004618 WO2000001497A1 (fr) 1998-07-04 1999-07-02 Procede pour eliminer d'une surface un materiau plastique adhesif et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4905899A (fr)
DE (1) DE19830072A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000001497A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008019300A1 (de) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-22 Ivankovic, Josip Verfahren zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen an bzw. in Anlagenbereichen bzw. Anlagenteilen, in denen es im laufenden Betrieb der Anlage zu Ablagerungen kommt, und Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0233755A2 (fr) * 1986-02-14 1987-08-26 Amoco Corporation Traitement par laser ultraviolet de surfaces moulées
WO1994021418A1 (fr) * 1993-03-16 1994-09-29 Vernay Laboratories, Inc. Systeme de nettoyage d'equipement de moulage mettant en ×uvre un laser
EP0642846A1 (fr) * 1993-08-12 1995-03-15 ONET Société Anonyme Procédé et dispositif de décontamination autocontrôlé de surfaces par laser
WO1995011764A1 (fr) * 1993-10-26 1995-05-04 Saint Gobain Emballage Procede et dispositif pour le nettoyage d'elements solides

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0233755A2 (fr) * 1986-02-14 1987-08-26 Amoco Corporation Traitement par laser ultraviolet de surfaces moulées
WO1994021418A1 (fr) * 1993-03-16 1994-09-29 Vernay Laboratories, Inc. Systeme de nettoyage d'equipement de moulage mettant en ×uvre un laser
US5373140A (en) * 1993-03-16 1994-12-13 Vernay Laboratories, Inc. System for cleaning molding equipment using a laser
EP0642846A1 (fr) * 1993-08-12 1995-03-15 ONET Société Anonyme Procédé et dispositif de décontamination autocontrôlé de surfaces par laser
WO1995011764A1 (fr) * 1993-10-26 1995-05-04 Saint Gobain Emballage Procede et dispositif pour le nettoyage d'elements solides

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
J.P. BOQUILLON ET AL: "Principle of surface cleaning by laser impact", PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1994 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE, AMSTERDAM, NL, 28 August 1994 (1994-08-28) - 2 September 1994 (1994-09-02), pages 6, XP000472949 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4905899A (en) 2000-01-24
DE19830072A1 (de) 2000-01-05

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