WO2000078683A1

WO2000078683A1 - Purifying structures for doping physico-biological reactors

Info

Publication number: WO2000078683A1
Application number: PCT/FR2000/001683
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean Pierre Dautais
Original assignee: Jean Pierre Dautais
Priority date: 1999-06-21
Filing date: 2000-06-19
Publication date: 2000-12-28
Also published as: EP1117620A1; FR2795067B3; FR2795067A1

Abstract

Structures for doping physico-biological reactors having combined uses or not, characterized by the composition, form and utilization mode thereof, responding to simple functions or not, particularly with respect to the purification of resistant effluents, thus defining active compartments, for the transformation and rapid extraction of pollutants which are more or less toxic or biodegradable. Said active structures are used as additional components or main components in reactors of all sizes, in an aerobic medium or not, especially in the purification of leachates.

Description

PURIFICATION STRUCTURES FOR THE DOPING OF PHYSICO-BIOLOGICAL REACTORS.

The present invention relates to specific purification structures, in particular for the lining of basins and other particle separators.

More particularly the materials, induced forms, and methods of use in submerged or unsaturated environments, improve the physical and / or biological elimination of particles and associated pollution, more or less toxic or biodegradable. The current means described in numerous patents and in the specialized literature dedicated to the purification of concentrated effluents rich in micropollutants, do not provide the economically effective solution on all the criteria for eliminating pollution, in particular complex dissolved organic molecules of the humus type. More and more multifunctional treatment structures, aerated lagooning and conventional sand filters, do not provide sufficient performance for the return of effluents that comply with regulations in the generally sensitive receiving environment. More modern methods such as evaporation and reverse osmosis pose economic problems or problems of adapting to fluctuations in flow.

The main object of the present invention is therefore to remedy these drawbacks, by proposing on the one hand the improvement of the extraction of components refractory to purification, preferably in pretreatment and, on the other hand new forms of doping of fixed culture reactors. To this end, the present invention relates to the choice of materials and structures preexisting or not, with the following main embodiments:

• Structure, partitioned or not, pretreatment of the all-water tank type, with redox control, intended for the continuous elimination of metals in the form of sulphides and other complexes, equipped with an immersed membrane for separation and preferably hydrostatic emptying sludge,

• Structure, partitioned or not, pre-treatment of the all-water tank type, independent or associated, intended to dissolve and eliminate mainly refractory dissolved organic matter, using a contact heat source, in the presence of specific additives or not, doping the change of state towards the production of suspended matter and for extraction by filtration and hydrostatic purge or equivalent, • Heated structures with fixed floating cultures, organic or not, mixed, supplied with active substrates, constituting fixed or mobile compartments, treatment loops, for lagoon or tidal channel and mainly for the elimination of nitrogen pollution,

• Loop biological doping structures, the first stage consisting of a plastic bacterial trickle bed with heated support, surmounting an anoxia pool with fixed cultures heated and supplied with mainly microbiological and carbon substrates coming from composting or equivalent , in direct or indirect supply,

• Tertiary treatment and sludge extraction structures, combining an immersed filter dam, a preferably unsaturated biological filter and a hydroponic filter, suspended on a partitioned basin by filter dams, with or without cartridges, mobile or not, adsorbent or disinfectants.

From industrialized materials, it becomes possible to carry out, by means of simple operations, an evolving chain made up of reactor structures and compartments, particularly suitable for the separation of phases for detoxification purposes and with a high elimination of carbon and nitrogen pollution. .

Preferably, these solutions can be used in pretreatment works, pits and basins, for the elimination of suspended matter, more or less organic or toxic, preexisting or produced by change of state. Main execution models are described and illustrated below by way of example:

- Figure 1 is a sectional view of the doping structures, preferably in pretreatment, illustrating the purification functions and their positioning in reactors of the all-tank type reactors, - Figure 2 brings together the doping components linked to the main stage purification, in an aerated lagoon tidal model, fixed cultures floating or not, heated and redox and controlled feeding,

- Figure 3 corresponds to a finishing and safety stage, coupling infiltration-percolation and suspended hydroponic purification. Preferably the general innovative device (FIGS. 1, 2 and 3), allowing the best use of the doping structures, comprising all or part of the following elements, A pretreatment with two stages combined or not, the first stage (FIG. 1A) consisting of an all-water tank (1) receives the effluent to be treated (2) modified by adding or not adding ion sequestrants (3 |) , a sludge recovery well (4) with hydrostatic extraction (5) or by pumping, a membrane (6) limiting the entrainment of suspended matter. The second stage (Figure 1B) favors the change of state by adding an adjuvant, sulfuric acid for example (7) and other molecules or ions, which frequently involves an associated neutralization at the output (8). An immersed heater (9), gas or electric, with scraped hot walls

(10) or submerged combustion, secondary additions (11) reinforce or induce the insolubilization of dissolved organic matter (12), blocked in the form of matter in suspension by a membrane (13), extracted mainly by decantation and hydrostatic extraction (14 ), or by flotation. The effluent thus pretreated, detoxified and calibrated in concentration, with improved biodegradability and pre-aerated or not, becomes more accessible to biological treatment (15).

The main stage, called secondary purification of concentrated and more or less toxic organic effluents, is optimized through the use of specific fixed cultures boosted by localized heating, and their positioning in and out of a partitioned lagoon or a tidal channel. The first fixed culture system corresponds to a compartment containing biological supports, fixed or mobile, regenerable or consumable, heated floating (16), suspended (17) or attached to a filter membrane (18), heating, liquids or walls hot, being diffuse in this compartment of reduced volume or associated directly with the support materials. This flptting (19) or fixed (20) compartment, with a more or less open or filtering bottom (21), facilitates the recovery of sludge (22), with or without recycling. Fixed cultures outside, in two or more staged loops, provide microbial substrates and ferments, preferably in the heated compartment of the lagoon, a trickling bacterial bed (23) which receives organic juices enriched with compost, for example residues corn and other organic matter, watered and drained (24) rich in fungi, bacteria and enzymes. The effluent passes through an anoxic tank (25) with fixed cultures heated if necessary, fixed or mobile, which can itself receive a fraction of the organic juices directly. Leaving these two external stages, the effluent is recycled in the purification and biological enrichment loops or therefore joins the lagoon or any other biological system such as a channel for example. The finishing and safety treatments (Figures 3), independent tertiary treatments, with or without recycling, more compact, also use two stages of fixed cultures, an infiltration-percolation (26) on a well ventilated medium, preferably a mixture of grains and fibers (27) with an anoxic basin with movable fixed cultures and supplied with carbonaceous substrate to boost denitrification, and a so-called suspended hydroponic composite system (28) consisting of a variable level tank to control the ventilation and initial implementation of macrophytes (29), with an inlet compartment, extraction of suspended matter and flow regulation (30), fibrous and granular filtering partitions with removable fixed or mobile cartridges (31 ), defining areas of open water with root system (32) and supporting an organic level of vegetation resting on a grid and geosynthetics (33), the fine compartment al allowing rejection and quality control (34).

This set of doping structures, with complementary functions, thus makes it possible to optimize the operation of a biological purification treatment sector, in particular, for the functions of elimination of nitrogen and refractory organic materials. In another particular embodiment, all or part of the three doping stages are associated with any process for the treatment of organic effluents, more or less concentrated and toxic, in the form of independent and evolving modules. The general principle of operation can be described from the observation of the fate of a feed of the evolving sector by an evolved leachate called hard or little biodegradable resulting from the deposit of old household waste. The effluent arriving by gravity or by pumping is injected into the first tank (Figure 1 A), after injection of a ferric salt specifically conditioned for better sequestration of metals in the form or not of sulphides. The filtering wall trapping the suspended solids is cleaned by jet in situ or outside, for example once a week. The sludge is extracted several times a day. In the second tank (Figure 1B) of mainly organic detoxification, stirred, the contact of the effluent acidified by sulfuric acid to insolubilize humic substances, with hot walls for example electrically heated, promotes concentration and extraction, after scraping of the newly formed suspended matter. The effluent prepared for biological action, after careful pre-aeration, enters a floating compartment (19) partitioning the aerated basin which itself receives the liquids enriched by the external biological loops (23, 25). This compartment is lined with corn cobs, "honeycombs", which serve as a support for fixed cultures and as an emitter of easily biodegradable organic substrate. The bottom of this floating reactor, operating with internal and external recycling, is in semi-permeable geotextile, allowing the effluent to drain into the basin while meeting a new suspended, very active fixed culture. A tubular heating device locally heats the fixed cultures.

The outer loops, in this example, participate in the purification, through the fixed cultures heated by the support and to regularly provide biological ferments. A fraction of pond effluent sequentially sprinkles a corn waste compost (23) which produces juices rich in microorganisms and enzymes. The enriched effluent joins the trickling bacterial bed loop, favorable to nitrification (25) and a denitrification compartment with a more carbon-less mobile support, before returning to the main basin. The finishing equipment essential to the search for high levels of treatment, contributes to the final elimination of all forms of pollution and constitutes the safety and tertiary treatment stage. The first biological filter heated in winter (26) receives, in sequence, in alternation and by surface fractions in drip, a one-pass feed in this example. The perfectly nitrified effluent joins a post-denitrification stage with mobile fixed cultures enriched at least in carbon. The second finishing filter (28) provides "total quality" in combination with the other treatment stages. The effluent is freed from its more or less contaminated suspended matter in the feed compartment and by passage through the filter dikes which also trap the residual phosphorus and other undesirable elements. The suspended hydroponic culture is implemented by planting macrophytes and partial immersion of the organic substrate, at equilibrium, the lower level allows forced ventilation, and the roots biological support participates in the purification thanks to fixed cultures, heated l winter, and carbonaceous excretates. The infrequent washing of the compartments allows the extraction of excess sludge in all of the tertiary liquid compartments. For the variants the general functions, used for all or part, remain the same, the evolutionary character being indicated for its interest in the treatment of leachates evolving in biodegradability and flow in technical landfill centers in operation or not: addition of new modules around fixed secondary treatment, upstream, loops and finishing. The interest of this sector and variants, is reported for wine and agrifood effluents and for post-treatment and pre-treatments for autonomous sanitation and small industries and agricultural effluents. These modular structures can be used for more or less mineralized effluents and up to high concentrations of chlorides. All structures or modules can be produced with mostly known materials, according to the usual rules of the art.

Claims

1. Purification device, an evolving sector made up of specific structures and reactor compartments for lining tanks and separators of particles and associated toxic pollution, characterized in that it comprises:

Membrane pretreatment and drainage structures for the elimination of refractory components in the form of sulphides or other complexes, Lining structures in treatment loops, fixed or mobile compartments, with fixed cultures heated and supplied with active substrates,

Heated support lining structures, for bacterial bed and basin supplied with microbiological composting substrates, Tertiary treatment and sludge extraction structures combining a biological filter and a hydroponic filter suspended on a basin partitioned by filter dikes with cartridges, preferably mobile, adsorbent or disinfectant.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an all-water tank (1) receiving the effluent modified by addition of sequestering agent (3) a membrane (6) limiting entrainment of suspended matter and a second stage to change of state by adding acidic adjuvant (7) or other molecules or ions, with immersed heating (9) with scraped hot walls inducing insolubilization of dissolved organic matter (12) blocked by a membrane (13) before extraction .

3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, in treatment loops, a system with fixed cultures compartment containing regenerable or consumable, floating, heated biological supports (16) in suspension (17) or attached to a filter membrane (18), the liquid or hot wall heating being diffuse or associated with the support materials,

4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises one or more loop, floating (19) or fixed (20) compartments with more or less open or filtering bottoms (21) facilitating recovery sludge (22) and recycling.

5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that. fixed cultures outside in staged loops, provide microbial substrates and ferments, preferably in a heated compartment in the lagoon, or bacterial bed (23) ςu anoxic tank (25) with heated fixed cultures.

6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a main use of structures in tertiary treatment and sludge extraction, comprising all or part of a stage with fixed cultures of percolation infiltration (26) grains e _\ t of fibers (27), a basin anoxia movable fixed film and carbon substrate, a suspended hydroponics system (28) of variable level for macrpphytes (29) with an extractant inlet compartment suspended matter and flow regulation (30), filtering walls removable cartridges (31) a root system (32) in open water and cartridge supporting an organic level of vegetation based on a grid and geosynthetic (33).

7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the specific mode of use of all or part of each of the solutions described, in particular, the insolubilization and the fixed cultures in association with heating, for the treatment of leachate.

8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the integration of all or part of the solutions described in a purification process.

AMENDED CLAIMS

[received by the International Bureau on November 09, 2000 (09.1 1.00); claim 8 deleted; amended claims 1-7 (2 pages)]

1. Evolutionary sector made up of specific purification structures and reactor compartments for lining tanks and separators of toxic and biodegradable particles and associated pollution, characterized in that it comprises:

Membrane pretreatment and drainage structures for the elimination of refractory components in the form of sulphides and other complexes, Lining structures in treatment loops, fixed or mobile compartments, with fixed cultures heated and supplied with active substrates,

Heated support lining structures, for bacterial bed and basin supplied with microbiological composting substrates, Tertiary treatment and sludge extraction structures combining a biological filter and a hydroponic filter suspended on a basin partitioned by filter dikes with mobile adsorbent cartridges or disinfectants.

2. Pretreatment structures according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an all-water tank (1) receiving the effluent modified by adding sequestering agent (3) a membrane (6) limiting the entrainment of suspended matter and a second stage with change of state by adding acidic adjuvant (7) or other molecules or ions, with an immersed heating (9) with scraped hot walls inducing the insolubilization of dissolved organic matter (12) blocked by a membrane ( 13) before extraction.

3. Lining structures according to claim 1 characterized in that they comprise, in treatment loops, a fixed compartment culture system containing regenerable or consumable, floating, heated (16) biological supports in suspension (17) or attached to a filter membrane (18), the liquid or hot wall heating being diffuse or associated with the support materials, also a small floating (19) or fixed (20) compartment with a more or less open or filtering bottom (21) facilitating the recovery of sludge (22) and recycling.

4. so-called external fixed cultures according to claim 1, characterized in that they provide microbial substrates and ferments, in staged loops, preferably in a heated compartment in the lagoon, bacterial bed (23) or anoxic basin (25). fixed cultures heated.

5. Tertiary treatment and sludge extraction structures according to claim 1, characterized by two stages with fixed cultures, percolation infiltration (26), mixture of grains and fibers (27), an anoxic culture basin fixed mobile and carbon substrate and a suspended hydroponic system (28) at variable level for macrophytes (29), with an inlet compartment for extracting suspended matter and regulating the flow (30), filtering partitions removable cartridges (31) a root system (32) in open water and cartridge supporting an organic level of vegetation resting on a grid and geosynthetics (33).

6. Specific mode of use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of all or part of each of the main pre-treatment solutions, structures and reactor compartments, in particular for the treatment of leachate or an evolving process. 7. Specific mode of use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a partial use of heating in insolubilization or fixed cultures.