WO2000064084A1 - Procede de reduction d'interference entre utilisateurs et utilisation dans un reseau d'acces radio - Google Patents
Procede de reduction d'interference entre utilisateurs et utilisation dans un reseau d'acces radio Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000064084A1 WO2000064084A1 PCT/FR2000/000958 FR0000958W WO0064084A1 WO 2000064084 A1 WO2000064084 A1 WO 2000064084A1 FR 0000958 W FR0000958 W FR 0000958W WO 0064084 A1 WO0064084 A1 WO 0064084A1
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- sequences
- sequence
- users
- user
- base station
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
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- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 101150080339 BTS1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108010003272 Hyaluronate lyase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100023006 Basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000903615 Homo sapiens Basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/16—Code allocation
- H04J13/18—Allocation of orthogonal codes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0007—Code type
- H04J13/004—Orthogonal
- H04J13/0048—Walsh
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a method for reducing interference between users, and a use of this method in an access network of radio type.
- the field of the invention is preferably that of radio access networks using millimeter or sub-millimeter frequencies.
- These networks are designated in the literature under various names such as LMDS for Local Multipoint Distribution Systems (local distribution system with multiple fixed users).
- LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Systems
- a base station uses a sector antenna and the antenna of a user's terminal is a directional antenna, pointed towards the base station serving a cell in which this terminal is located. It is also possible that the antenna of the base station is not sectoral.
- MMDS and LMDS due to Hikmet SARI and published in the journal Computer Networks, vol 31, by Elsevier Science Holland in 1999, pages 379 to 393.
- networks of this type are to constitute an alternative to wired networks (pairs of copper wires, coaxial cables, or optical fibers) already in place in territories and which present performance limits or prohibitive infrastructure costs.
- the object of the invention is to solve interference problems which arise on the other hand in the use of networks of this type.
- the antenna of the base station can be omnidirectional, or sectoral.
- a cell of such a network is made up of several sectors.
- a sector uses a frequency distinct from the other sectors of the same cell (possibly each sector uses a subset of frequencies, the subsets used in distinct sectors are disjoint).
- the principle of frequency allocation between neighboring cells aims to minimize the potential interference created in the cellular network.
- Figure 1 shows an example of an LMDS network, rectangular with 90 ° sectors.
- References 1, 2, 3 and 4 designate four frequencies or frequency subsets used in this type of cellular network.
- each cell is made up of a square centered on a base station. These base stations are represented by circles.
- Each cell is divided into four sectors corresponding to the four sectoral antennas of the base station.
- the solid lines in FIG. 1 constitute the borders of the sectors belonging to the same cell, the dotted lines represent the borders between cells.
- Fixed user terminals are represented by dots. For example, points A, B and C represent terminals located in the same sector of the same cell.
- each of the four sectors is labeled with a number which indicates the frequency, or the set of frequencies, which is (are) assigned to it. It can be seen that all the base stations use the same frequencies, but that the assignment of the frequencies to the various cells of the network is made so that there is no interference between adjacent cells.
- the signal to interference ratio (C / l) is a function of the user's position.
- the worst case corresponds to the extreme points located on the horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines of the cells for each base station. Indeed, an antenna associated with the terminals located at these points is directed not only in the direction of its own base station, but also in the direction of the base stations situated on the same horizontal (respectively vertical or diagonal). Given the frequency assignment mode, there is interference with a base station immediately following an adjacent base station, along the horizontal line (respectively vertical, diagonal). However, there is no interference with the adjacent base station.
- the ratio between the respective lengths of the paths carrying a useful signal and that carrying an interference signal is unfortunately small.
- the three most unfavorable points are indicated by A, B and C respectively.
- 2D represents the distance between two neighboring base stations.
- the terminal B shown in FIG. 2 is located at the cell boundary, on a horizontal straight line joining the base stations of the network together.
- the same diagram would be applicable at point C, located on a vertical line joining the base stations.
- a Visera factor introduced over all the distances considered and the final result will remain unchanged.
- a frequency allocation architecture is decisive in this regard.
- An operator in a given frequency range, is allocated a frequency band, by definition limited. In this band, it must provide uplink and downlink communications for each sector, taking into account that the base station transmits omnidirectionally or at least sectorally and that the terminals transmit directionally.
- the choice of such an omnidirectional transmission for a base station is linked to reasons of economy of equipment of the base stations.
- the object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks and to propose an access technique in which this interference is no longer a problem.
- the invention is intended to solve the problems of the downlink, nothing prevents it from also being used in the uplink.
- the invention therefore recommends using, for the downlink at least, a spread spectrum coding method of the CDMA type with the use of the same frequency in all the sectors.
- binary symbols transmitted of type +1 or -1 are coded by multiplication by a sequence of 2N coding bits +1 and -1 also.
- the result of this multiplication is a sequence of 2N binary signals +1 and -1 called chips. These chips are then used to modulate a carrier whose signal is radiated by the antenna of the base station.
- the spread spectrum factor resulting from this process is 2N.
- orthogonal coding sequences for example of the Walsh Hadamard WH type, the number of different sequences that can be used is 2N. And so a number of users likely to be simultaneously in this geographic location is 2N per cell if the radiation is omnidirectional and if it associates a sequence with each user.
- interference to be addressed is only geometric. It mainly affects terminals receiving broadcasts from base stations aligned with respect to them. For example, a receiver at point B in FIG. 2 receives the transmissions from the base stations BTS1 and BTS2 since it points to the base station BTS1. As all the base stations transmit on the same carrier, an interference problem arises at point B. Since the base stations are not synchronized, the orthogonality of coding by coding sequences 2Ni (the coding sequence 2Ni is assigned to the downlink from BTS1 to B) is of no use to protect receiver B from the transmissions of stations BTS2 and BTS3.
- this double sequence has a first and a second single sequence.
- Such a solution effectively solves the problem because user B will receive the emissions (intended for it) from the base station BTS1 with a sequence 2Ni2Ni.
- the sequence 2Ni2Ni is in this case a double sequence of length 4N.
- the decoding of the chips received by the expected double 2Ni2Ni sequence will be 3dB greater than the decoding of the chips coded by a simple 2Ni sequence.
- a factor of 3 dB is thus added to the quality of the useful signal received. In some cases, this is sufficient to recognize the useful signal.
- a symbol to be transmitted can be coded by a triple sequence, a quadruple sequence or any multiple sequence. In this case, there is a gradual gain in signal-to-noise ratio.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method of transmitting CDMA type messages between a base station and user terminals in which,
- symbols of these messages are coded with a coding sequence of 2N bits to produce sequences of 2N chips, and
- symbols of these other messages are coded with a coding sequence of k2N bits to produce sequences of k2N chips, k being an integer greater than one.
- Figure 1 an already commented representation of a rectangular cellular network with 90 ° sectors
- FIG. 2 an already commented representation of an interference scenario in the network of Figure 1
- FIG. 3 a representation according to the invention of an assignment of orthogonal coding sequences of the CDMA type inside a cell
- Figure 4 a representation of a preferred generation of a signal encoded with a CDMA technique
- Figure 5 a representation of interference in an uplink, from a user to a base station
- Figure 6 a representation of interference in a downlink from a base station to a user
- Figure n ° 7 a representation of gray areas corresponding to strong interference (descending direction);
- Figures 8a and 8b a temporal representation of different coding modes of the invention.
- the networks described above show the limits of TDMA cellular networks.
- the signal to interference ratio C / l is worth 14dB.
- the C / l ratio is 9.5 dB. It is proposed with the invention, using a different access technology, to improve these limits, for example by obtaining, for an occupied band 2W, a C / l ratio better than 9.5 dB.
- a variant of this technique is proposed which makes it possible to significantly increase the C / l ratio associated with the most unfavorable positions.
- all of the cells in the network, and, inside each cell, all of the sectors, use the same frequency band of width 2W. In this bandwidth it is allowed to use a spreading factor equal to 2N.
- the number of users per sector is limited to N (ie a total of 4N users per cell) by assigning to each user a particular sequence taken from one of the subsets of N sequences S1 or S2.
- the preferred characteristics of the cellular network are therefore the following:
- N two adjacent sectors use subsets of disjoint sequences, each of cardinal N
- the signal of each user is therefore first spread by a sequence of length 2N and is then multiplied by a sequence PN, also of length 2N, without additional spectral spreading.
- the multiplication is made chip from the Walsh-Hadamard coder by bits of the PN sequence.
- This last operation shown in Figure 4, is intended to separate signals from different cells. There is thus no interference between users of the same cell because their respective codes are orthogonal. But a given user is interfering with users from all other cells. The interference is not zero because the different conceivable PN sequences are not orthogonal to each other.
- the base stations receive interference from a small number of users located in the fields of their sector. This small number, shown schematically in the shaded areas in FIG. 5, is the number of users whose antennas are oriented towards the base station in the center of FIG. 5. The total level of interference is therefore low, and equal for all the users.
- the interference experienced by a user in the downlink depends on their position within a sector.
- User A is located at the edge of the sector, on a diagonal line passing through its base station.
- the antenna of this user is pointed towards his base station which is at a distance ⁇ D.
- This antenna is also directed to another base station at a distance 3V2E>. If the sector associated with this other base station includes K users, then the ratio C / l is given by
- User B is located at the edge of the sector, on the horizontal line passing through the base station.
- User C is also at the edge of the sector, on the vertical line passing through the base station.
- the antenna of one or other of these users is pointed towards its base station which is at a distance D.
- This antenna is also directed towards another base station at a distance 3 ⁇ D, and it receives interference from of two sectors of the cell centered around this other base station. If these two sectors include K- ⁇ and K users respectively, then the ratio C / l is given by:
- a receiver at a point A ' located on the diagonal midway between the end of the sector and the base station, that is to say at the edge of the gray area, receives the signal much more strongly. from its base station as an interfering signal from another base station.
- the idea of the invention is to assign to the users most disadvantaged by their geographical position within a sector a coding process allowing them to benefit from a gain compared to the other users, in order to compensate for their handicap a priori.
- the delimitation of zones A, B or C defined in FIGS. 5 or 7 only serves to illustrate this difference in treatment as a function of the geographical position of the user.
- the invention remains perfectly applicable to zones the limits of which would be different, for example a zone B extending from point B to a point situated beyond or on the contrary below point B 'on the horizontal line joining B and the associated base station.
- the ratio C / l is greater than 12.5 dB at any point outside of zones B and C.
- a coding sequence of double length is associated , 4N, or triple or quadruple, instead of a simple length of 2N, for calls descending from a base station with disadvantaged users in zones B and C. This reduces by 3 dB for doubling, or by 4, 8 dB for tripling or 6 dB for quadrupling, for these disadvantaged users, interference from a signal transmitted by another adjacent base station and intended for other users.
- Nm users have a simple sequence with a coding length of 2N
- m users have a double sequence with a coding length of 2 x 2N.
- the real gain in quality is:
- the net gain is all the better as the number of users requiring a double length sequence is reduced, so that surfaces B and C have a reduced area.
- the invention is perfectly applicable to fixed radio access systems, where the directivity of the antennas of user terminals is important.
- 11111111-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 length 4N 16 are associated with a user 1 -11 -11 -11 -1 s2 - three users have
- the first chain When the first chain has completed the development of the chips relating to the symbol ai, it immediately begins, under the same conditions, the development of the chips of the symbol a3, while the symbol a2 is still being coded by the second chain. And so on.
- triple or quadruple length coding sequences are chosen, preferably there will be three strings or four coding chains working simultaneously. It can be seen that by doing so, two symbols (at least) are emitted simultaneously, at least in part. In this case, a suitable receiver must have two decoding channels (three channels, four channels). These chains are put into service simultaneously to alternately decode symbols ai, a2, a3, a4 of a message transmitted to this user.
- the first double sequence comprises a repetition of the same single sequence (with eight 1 here) while the second double sequence comprises a single sequence (the same as for the first double sequence) and another single sequence complementary to the first single sequence .
- the two double sequences orthogonal to each other.
- double sequences are made up of single sequences, it should not unnecessarily neutralize simple orthogonal sequences between them and whose number is limited (to 2N) and thereby limits the number of users in the cell.
- N 4
- Either a user in zone B or C with four sequences of length 8N developed from the sequence 11111111 which becomes on the one hand 11111111 11111111 which itself becomes 11111111 11111111 11111111, and 11111111 11111111 -1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, and on the other hand 11111111 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 which becomes 11111111 -1-1-1-1-1-1 11111111 -1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, and 11111111 -1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 11111111.
- a user in zone A with two sequences of length 4N developed from the sequence 1-11-11-11-1 which becomes on the one hand 1-11-11-11-1 1-11-11-11- 1 and on the other hand 1-11-11-11-1 -11-11-11-11.
- T (N - mi - m 2 ) + 4 ⁇ r ⁇ i ⁇ + 2 ⁇ m 2
- factor 4 expresses the lengthening by a factor of 4 of the sequences assigned to users in zones B or C;
- N + 3m, + - total number of single sequences assigned taking into account the assignment of several simple sequences to users in certain areas and the number of simple sequences that would be assigned if all users had a single sequence
- factor 2 expresses the extension by factor 2 of the simple sequences assigned to users in zone A;
- the ratio C / l in the absence of elongation of the sequences is 9.5 dB
- the gross gain due to the lengthening of the sequences is 6 dB
- the decrease in gain due to the increase in the number of sequences is 1.8 dB.
- the minimum C / l ratio in zone B or C is 13.7 dB
- the C / l ratio in the absence of lengthening of the sequences is 12.5 dB
- the gross gain due to the lengthening of the sequences is by 3 dB
- the decrease in gain due to the increase in the number of sequences is 1.8 dB.
- the ratio C / l in the absence of lengthening the sequences is 9.5 dB, the gross gain due to the lengthening of the sequences is 6 dB, and the decrease in gain due to the increase in the number of sequences 0.8 dB.
- the minimum C / l ratio in zone B or C is 14.7 dB.
- the C / l ratio in the absence of lengthening of the sequences is 12.5 dB
- the gross gain due to the lengthening of the sequences is 3 dB
- the decrease in gain due to the increase in the number of sequences is 0.8 dB.
- the minimum C / l ratio in zone A is 14.7 dB.
- An evaluation of the m / N ratios can be carried out by calculating the ratio between the areas of the gray areas of a sector and the sector itself (assuming the user terminals uniformly distributed within a sector). This ratio depends on the directivity of the users' antenna. If the users are distributed homogeneously inside a sector, example (b) corresponds to the case where the whole (Zone B + Zone C) covers 5% of the surface of a sector, the zone Also at 5% and the "not grayed out" area 90%.
- the user terminals are in practice too numerous to benefit from these engineering techniques.
- their installation site is basically determined by the domicile of the user, and not by engineering parameters. Unlike base stations, their installation may not require teams that fully understand site engineering techniques.
- the method described above is of great interest: its implementation is very simple in a so-called fixed service system since it suffices to allocate the extended sequences to user stations whose geographical position corresponds to the areas of high interference. It is also possible, by deducing an interference map from the nature of the terrain and the constructions, to predict the level of interference that a user located in a given location will undergo and therefore to assign a priori the type of sequence suitable for his case, even in the case of a real network. . Digitized models of real terrain have already been established for French territory for example and can be used for this type of calculation.
- the system could also be used by means of, for example, a location device associated with these stations.
- the detection conditions can be determined empirically and the user stations can be provided with a switching device which allows to choose or not a redundant mode or a normal mode.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00918969A EP1088414A1 (fr) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-13 | Procede de reduction d'interference entre utilisateurs et utilisation dans un reseau d'acces radio |
| AU39736/00A AU3973600A (en) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-13 | Method for reducing interference between users and use thereof in a radio accessnetwork |
| IL14026200A IL140262A0 (en) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-13 | Method for reducing interference between users and use thereof in a radio access network |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR99/04754 | 1999-04-15 | ||
| FR9904754 | 1999-04-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000064084A1 true WO2000064084A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 |
Family
ID=9544460
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2000/000958 WO2000064084A1 (fr) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-13 | Procede de reduction d'interference entre utilisateurs et utilisation dans un reseau d'acces radio |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1088414A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU3973600A (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL140262A0 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2000064084A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0378417A2 (fr) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-18 | Agilis Corporation | Système multiplex à division de code |
| WO1995003652A1 (fr) * | 1993-07-20 | 1995-02-02 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Production de sequences de walsh pour debits variables de donnees |
| WO1998036505A1 (fr) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-08-20 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Procede de reduction du brouillage et systeme radio |
-
2000
- 2000-04-13 WO PCT/FR2000/000958 patent/WO2000064084A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-04-13 EP EP00918969A patent/EP1088414A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-04-13 IL IL14026200A patent/IL140262A0/xx unknown
- 2000-04-13 AU AU39736/00A patent/AU3973600A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0378417A2 (fr) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-18 | Agilis Corporation | Système multiplex à division de code |
| WO1995003652A1 (fr) * | 1993-07-20 | 1995-02-02 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Production de sequences de walsh pour debits variables de donnees |
| WO1998036505A1 (fr) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-08-20 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Procede de reduction du brouillage et systeme radio |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL140262A0 (en) | 2002-02-10 |
| EP1088414A1 (fr) | 2001-04-04 |
| AU3973600A (en) | 2000-11-02 |
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