WO2000052107A1

WO2000052107A1 - Coating agents and their use in multilayer coating

Info

Publication number: WO2000052107A1
Application number: PCT/EP2000/001566
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ralf Dahm; Carmen Flosbach; Hans-Jürgen GAWIN; Hermann Kerber; Apostolos Manassis; Volker Paschmann; Walter Schubert
Original assignee: E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company,Inc.
Priority date: 1999-02-27
Filing date: 2000-02-25
Publication date: 2000-09-08
Also published as: EP1163304B1; DE50007131D1; EP1163304A1; US6555176B1; JP2002538263A; DE19908627A1; DE19908627C2

Abstract

The invention relates to coating agents containing a binder/cross-linking agent system, organic solvents and possibly pigments and/or fillers and standard coating additives. The binder/cross-linking agent system contains A) between 20 and 80 % by weight carboxy-functional (meth)acrylic copolymers and/or polyesters dissolved in the continuous phase of the coating agent and having an acid value of between 15 and 300 mg KOH/g; and B) between 80 and 20 % by weight epoxide-functional cross-linking agents. The numerical ratio of the carboxyl groups of component A) to the epoxide groups of component B) is between 1:1 and 1:3. The epoxide-functional cross-linking agent B) comprises at least one epoxide-functional cross-linking agent component B1) dissolved in the continuous phase of the coating agent and at least one epoxide-functional cross-linking agent component B2) which is dispersed in the continuous phase of the coating agent. The numerical ratio of the epoxide groups of the cross-linking agent component B1) to those of component B2) is between 10:1 and 1:5 and the organic solvents consist of between 0 and 35 % by weight standard oxygen-containing organic solvent for coatings and between 65 and 100 % by weight standard hydrocarbons for coatings.

Description

Coating agents and their use in multi-layer painting

The invention relates to coating compositions and their use in the production of multi-layer coatings, for example in the motor vehicle sector, in particular in the production of two-layer coatings of the basecoat / clearcoat type.

Coating agents which harden under esterification and are based on a combination of an epoxy-functional component and a carboxy-functional component are known. They are characterized by the good chemical and acid resistance of the coatings created and baked from them and are therefore particularly suitable as clear or top coats in automotive OEM painting.

In the production of basecoat / clearcoat two-coat lacquers, it is desirable to use stabilized clearcoat coating compositions against sagging, particularly on vertical surfaces during the stoving process.

WO 95/27012 discloses non-aqueous coating compositions based on a film-encapsulating polymeric polyepoxide and a polyacid as crosslinking agent, which are stabilized against runoff because they contain a colloidal dispersion of carboxy-functional polymer microparticles. The coating compositions can be used as clear coating compositions for overcoating base lacquer layers.

The storage stability of the coating agents known from WO 95/27012 depends on the solvent composition; satisfactory storage stabilities can only be obtained with formulations with high polarity of the solvent composition. For example, the solvent compositions consist essentially of polar solvents. When repainting basecoat layers with

Clear lacquer coating compositions which have a polar solvent composition, however, often cause the base lacquer layer to dissolve. Negative consequences of Color change, cloud formation, deterioration of the metallic or pearlescent effect of the two-layer coating obtained are, for example, dissolving.

The object of the invention is to provide coating compositions which can be crosslinked by reaction of carboxyl and epoxy groups and which have the advantages of a

Have content of polymeric microparticles stabilized coating against stabilization, are stable in storage and yet have only a poor solubility compared to coating layers overcoated with them. The coating compositions should in particular be usable as clear coating compositions for producing basecoat clearcoat two-coat coatings by overcoating

Basecoat layers, as are particularly common in the field of automotive painting.

The object is achieved by curable coating compositions comprising a binder / crosslinking system, one or more organic solvents, and, if appropriate, pigments and / or fillers and, if appropriate, further additives customary in coating, the binder / crosslinking system comprising 20 to 80% by weight of one or more dissolved carboxy-functional Components A) selected from carboxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers and / or carboxy-functional polyesters, the carboxy functionality of which in each case has an acid number of 15 to 300 mg

Corresponds to KOH / g and contains 20 to 80% by weight of epoxy-functional crosslinker components B), the% by weight adding up to 100% by weight and the crosslinking ratio between carboxyl groups of components A) and epoxy groups of components B) is between 1: 1 and 1: 3, characterized in that the epoxy-functional components B) comprise at least one epoxy-functional crosslinker component B1) dissolved in the continuous phase of the coating composition and at least one epoxy-functional component B2) dispersed in the continuous phase of the coating composition, the The ratio of the epoxy groups derived from the epoxy-functional components B1) and B2) is between 10: 1 and 1: 5, and the ready-to-use ones

Coating agents contain organic solvents to 0 to 35 wt .-% of one or more paint-like oxygen-containing organic solvents and 65 to 100% by weight consist of one or more hydrocarbons customary in paint, the% by weight adding up to 100% by weight.

The solvent or solvent mixture which adds up to 100% by weight, consists of 0 to 35% by weight of customary oxygen-containing organic solvents and 65 to 100% by weight of customary coating hydrocarbons is referred to below as F).

The binder network system of the coating compositions according to the invention contains components A), B1) and B2) as essential components and, if appropriate, optional components C), D) and / or E) explained below. For example, the coating compositions according to the invention may contain only components A), B1) and B2) as a binder / crosslinking system, or the binder / crosslinking system of the coating compositions according to the invention additionally contains the optional components C), D) and / or E).

The resin solids of the coating compositions according to the invention is formed from the sum of the resin solids or the non-volatile fractions of components A), B1), B2), and the optional components C), D) and E).

The hardening of the coating compositions according to the invention is based on the chemical reaction of the complementarily reactive groups of components A), B1) and B2) taking place during the baking; it is an addition of the carboxyl to the epoxy groups with the formation of carboxylic acid ester bonds.

The coating compositions according to the invention contain one or more carboxy-functional components A). The carboxy-functional component A) of the coating compositions according to the invention is carboxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers and / or carboxy-functional polyesters, the carboxy functionality of which corresponds in each case to an acid number of 15 to 300 mg KOH / g. The carboxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers and / or carboxy-functional polyesters can be urethanized and / or by reaction with Lactones can be modified.

The carboxy-functionalized (meth) acrylic copolymers of component A) optionally containing urethane groups and / or modified with lactones preferably have a number-average molar mass (Mn) of 1000 to 30000 g / mol. The carboxy-functionalized polyesters of component A) optionally containing urethane groups and / or modified with lactones preferably have a calculated molar mass of 500 to 4000 g / mol. The acid number is in each case 15 to 300 mg KOH / g, preferably 30 to 250 mg KOH / g.

In the production of the carboxyl group-containing (meth) acrylic copolymers or polyesters of component A), which may in each case contain urethane groups and / or may be modified with lactones, the carboxyl groups can be introduced directly by using building blocks containing carboxyl groups. Examples of suitable carboxyl group-containing monomers which can be used to build up carboxyl group-containing (meth) acrylic copolymers are unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as e.g. Acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic, croton, isoerotonic, aconitic, maleic and fumaric acid, half esters of maleic and fumaric acid and carboxyalkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid, e.g. beta-carboxyethyl acrylate and adducts of hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates with carboxylic anhydrides, e.g. the phthalic acid mono-2-

(meth) acryloyloxyethyl ester.

The term (meth) acrylic is used in the present description and the claims. This means acrylic and / or methacrylic.

In the production of carboxyl group-containing and optionally urethane group-containing and / or modified with lactones (meth) acrylic copolymers or polyesters of component A), it is also possible first to build up a hydroxyl group and possibly also a polymer containing carboxyl groups and the carboxyl groups in whole or in part in a second

Introduce stage by reaction with carboxylic anhydrides. With this procedure, you can work with such proportions that if necessary, enough hydroxyl groups remain to be able to carry out urethanization.

Suitable carboxylic anhydrides for the addition to the hydroxyl-containing polymers, which may already contain carboxyl groups, are

Anhydrides of di- and polycarboxylic acids, such as, for example, preferably phthalic, tetrahydro, methylhexahydro and hexahydrophthalic anhydride.

Suitable monomers for introducing hydroxyl groups into the (meth) acrylic copolymers of component A) which may contain urethane groups and / or are modified with lactones are, for example, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as e.g.

Hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, as well as the hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylates, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylates and isomers with respect to the position of the hydroxyl group

Reaction products from (meth) acrylic acid with the glycidyl ester of a carboxylic acid with a tertiary alpha carbon atom. The formation of the latter

Reaction products can take place before, during or after the polymerization reaction.

In addition to the monomers mentioned above, other olefinically unsaturated monomers can also be used in the preparation of the (meth) acrylic copolymers of component A), in particular those which, apart from an olefinic double bond, contain no further functional groups.

Suitable further olefinically unsaturated monomers are, for example, in particular alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid which, for example, 1 to 20 in the alkyl part

Contain carbon atoms or more, e.g. Methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tertiary butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, Cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, hexadecyl (meth) acrylate.

Examples of other suitable olefinically unsaturated monomers are the alkyl esters maleic, fumaric, tetrahydrophthalic, crotonic, isoerotonic, vinylacetic and itaconic acid, which contain, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms or more in the alkyl part.

Small portions of monomers with at least two polymerizable, olefinic double bonds can also be used. The proportion of these monomers is preferably less than 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the

Monomers. Examples of such compounds are hexanediol di (meth) acrylate,

Ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, butanediol di (meth) acrylate,

Hexamethylhbis (meth) acrylamide, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene and similar compounds.

Another suitable component are monovinyl aromatic compounds. They preferably contain 8 to 9 carbon atoms per molecule. Examples of suitable compounds are alpha-methylstyrene and the isomeric methylstyrenes, in particular vinyltoluenes and styrene.

The (meth) acrylic copolymers of carboxy-functional component A) are produced, for example, by radical copolymerization. It may prove advantageous to meter in some of the monomers at different times from one another.

To produce the (meth) acrylic copolymers of component A), the monomers or the monomer mixture used can contain radical initiators. If radical initiators are not contained in the monomer mixture, they can optionally be added to the monomer mixture with a slight time lag or added separately. You can then continue for a longer period, e.g. be polymerized for several hours. It is then possible to adjust to a desired solids content, for example in the order of 30 to 80% by weight, for example 50 to 60% by weight, using a conventional paint solvent.

The preparation takes place, for example, as radical solution polymerization familiar to the person skilled in the art using, for example, 0J to 4% by weight, based on the weight of monomers, a radical initiator. Examples of radical initiators are dialkyl peroxides, diacyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, peresters, peroxide dicarbonates, perketals, ketone peroxides; Azo compounds, such as 2,2'-azo-bis- (2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile), azo-bis-isobutyronitrile, CC-cleaving initiators such as, for example, benzpinacol derivatives.

For the possible urethanization of the carboxy-functionalized (meth) acrylic copolymers of component A), hydroxyl groups of the carboxy-functionalized (meth) acrylic copolymers of component A) can be reacted with mono-, di-, tri- or polyisocyanates in a further reaction step. Examples of isocyanates which can be used for urethanization are phenyl isocyanate, and the polyisocyanates mentioned below in the description of the additional crosslinking agents D) and their defunctionalization products obtainable by reaction with amounts of monoalcohols which are substoichiometric with respect to the isocyanate content. The amount of di, tri or polyisocyanates used for urethanization is in the

Those skilled in the art are chosen so that gelling is avoided. Of course, it is also possible to urethanize hydroxyl-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers before carboxyl groups are introduced by reaction with acid anhydrides.

The carboxyl group-containing and optionally urethane group-containing and / or lactones-modified polyesters of component A) can be constructed by conventional methods from aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic di-, tri- or higher alcohols, optionally together with monohydric alcohols and from aliphatic, aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids, especially dicarboxylic acids, as well as higher polycarboxylic acids. Examples of suitable alcohols are aliphatic diols, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, the isomeric butanediols, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1 , 5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-l, 6-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-l, 6-hexanediol, 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, polyhydric aliphatic alcohols, such as

Glycerol, trimethylolethane, ditrimethylolpropane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and etherification products of diols and polyols, for example di- and triethylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol ester of hydroxypivalic acid.

Examples of suitable carboxylic acids are adipic, azelaic, 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, tetrahydrophthalic, hexahydrophthalic, endomethyltetrahydrophthalic acid, the isomeric phthalic acids or their anhydrides and their derivatives capable of esterification.

Like the carboxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers of component A) already described, the carboxy-functionalized polyesters of component A) can be urethanized. The reaction conditions and the usable ones

Polyisocyanates are the same as for the (meth) acrylic copolymers. It is possible to introduce the urethane groups by reacting the carboxyl- and hydroxyl-functional polyesters with mono-, di-, tri- or higher-functional polyisocyanates. It is also possible to introduce the urethane groups in the synthesis of the polyesters themselves. This happens, for example, by Di- or

All or part of tricarboxylic acids can be replaced by di- or triisocyanates.

The carboxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers and polyester of component A) can be modified by reaction with lactones, e.g. some or all of their carboxyl groups may be "chain extended" with a lactone. The same applies to hydroxyl groups which may be present in the (meth) acrylic copolymers and polyesters of component A). The "chain extension" results from the ring-opening addition of lactones to the carboxyl and / or hydroxyl groups. This creates terminal, exposed carboxyl or

Hydroxyl groups. Lactones are preferably added to carboxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers and polyesters of component A) which are free from OH groups. The lactone is preferably added as the last synthesis step in the preparation of the component A) in question. An example of a lactone used with particular preference is epsilon-caprolactone.

The curable coating compositions according to the invention contain as epoxy-functional ones Components B) at least one epoxy-functional crosslinker component B1) dissolved in the continuous phase of the coating agent and at least one disperse epoxy-functional component B2), the ratio of the epoxy groups derived from the epoxy-functional components B1) and B2) being between 10: 1 and 1: 5, preferably between 10: 1 and 1: 1.

Component B1) is one or more customary epoxy-functional crosslinkers. These are, for example, compounds with at least two epoxy functions in the molecule and a calculated epoxy equivalent weight of, for example, 200 to 700, preferably 250 to 500 and in particular 300 to 400, in each case based on solid resin. The number average molar mass (Mn) is preferably 200 to 10,000 g / mol. The glass transition temperature is preferably from -20 ° C to 70 ° C, particularly preferably from 0 ° C to 50 ° C and in particular from 5 ° C to 40 ° C. The upper limit is preferably up to 50 ° C.

Examples of these are common di- or polyepoxides, e.g. Polyglycidyl ether based on diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, bisphenol A or triglycidyl ether of glycerin. Further examples of di- or polyepoxides are those based on di- or polyglycidyl esters. Examples of this are reaction products of l-hydroxy-2,3-epoxypropane with phthalic acid or

Terephthalic acid to phthalic or terephthalic acid bis (2,3-epoxypropyl ester) or a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with trimellitic anhydride to polyesters, for example with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 2000.

Preferred components B1) are customary epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers, in particular glycidyl (meth) acrylate copolymers. As comonomers, for example (meth) acrylic acid esters, e.g. Methyl, ethyl, butyl, isobutyl, ethylhexyl, cyclohexyl and / or lauryl (meth) acrylate can be selected, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as e.g. Hydroxyethyl and / or hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, also styrene, vinyl toluene and / or alpha

Methylstyrene and all alpha, beta-unsaturated monomers, as have already been described above for component A). The number average molecular weight (Mn) can be, for example, between 1000 and 10000, preferably between 2000 and 5000. Further copolymerizable epoxy-functional monomers are, for example, (meth) alkyl glycidyl ether, 3,4-epoxy-1-vinylcyclohexane,

Epoxycyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl glycidyl ether. The copolymers are prepared, for example, by free-radical solution polymerization; they are known to the person skilled in the art and require no further explanation.

It is also possible to precondense components A) and B1) at least partially in a further reaction step, avoiding gelling. This can e.g. by heating components A) and Bl) together. The desired degree of condensation can be determined, for example, by reducing the acid number, for example by 2 to 5 mg KOH / g solid resin.

The disperse epoxy-functional component B2) is a non-aqueous dispersion of polymer microparticles, each of which has several epoxy groups. The epoxy groups of the polymer microparticles of component B2) together with the epoxy groups of component B1) serve to crosslink the coating agent according to the invention by addition to the carboxyl groups of component A). The calculated epoxy equivalent weight of the

Polymer microparticles of component B2) is, for example, 200 to 700, preferably 250 to 500 and in particular 300 to 450, based on the solid.

The particle sizes of the polymer microparticles of component B2) are, for example, between 200 nm and 2 μm.

The glass transition temperature of the polymer microparticles of component B2) is preferably 30 ° C. to 80 ° C., particularly preferably 40 ° C. to 60 ° C.

The polymer microparticles of component B2) are preferably epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers. The epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer microparticles of component B2) are produced, for example, by radical polymerization, as is known to the person skilled in the art. The free-radical copolymerization is preferably carried out in the presence of the organic solvent provided, preferably in an organic solvent or solvent mixture which consists of 70 to 100% by weight of customary aliphatic hydrocarbons, the remaining 100% by weight missing from other organic solvents , which are components of the solvent mixture F), can be selected.

In radical copolymerization, epoxy-functional, free-radically polymerizable, olefinically unsaturated monomers (I) and free-radically polymerizable comonomers (II) are used, for example, in a weight ratio such that a calculated epoxy equivalent weight of the (meth) acrylic copolymer microparticles of component B2) of, for example, 200 to 700, is preferred 250 to 500 and in particular 300 to 450, based on the

Solid, is obtained.

As epoxy-functional monomers (I) e.g. (Meth) ally lglycidyl ether, 3,4-epoxy-1-vinylcyclohexane, epoxycyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl glycidyl ether, but in particular are used

Glycidyl (meth) acrylate.

The type and amount of the free-radically copolymerizable comonomers (II) is selected so that the finished (meth) acrylic copolymer is in the continuous phase of the coating composition according to the invention, in particular the

Solvent composition of the continuous phase is insoluble. The finished (meth) acrylic copolymer is insoluble and forms polymer microparticles therein, particularly in the solvent or mixture of organic solvents F).

The monomers (II) which are free-radically copolymerizable with the epoxy-functional olefinically unsaturated monomers (I) are, for example, those which, apart from the olefinic double bond, have no other functional group contain, for example alkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid, which contain, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms or more in the alkyl part, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, Isopropyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tertiary-butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, (alkyl) cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, (iso) bornyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate,

Decyl (meth) acrylate, hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate; monovinyl aromatic compounds, such as alpha-methylstyrene, the isomeric methylstyrenes, vinyltoluenes, in particular styrene; Alkyl esters of maleic, fumaric, tetrahydrophthalic, crotonic, isoerotonic, vinyl acetic and itaconic acid, which contain, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms or more in the alkyl part.

The polymer microparticles of component B2) can contain hydroxyl groups, for example up to 60 mg KOH / g, preferably between 0 and 40 mg KOH / g, in accordance with a hydroxyl number based on the solids. Comonomers (II) suitable for introducing a corresponding hydroxyl group content into the epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers of component B2) present as polymer microparticles are, for example, hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as e.g. Hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, with respect to the position of the hydroxyl group isomeric hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylates, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylates and reaction products of (meth) acrylic acid and the glycidyl ester of a carboxylic acid with a tertiary alpha carbon atom.

The epoxy-functional (mem) acrylic copolymer microparticles of component B2) can be in the form of internally crosslinked microgel particles or they have little or no internal crosslinking. In the former case, comonomers (II) with at least two free-radically polymerizable, olefinic double bonds in the molecule are used, for example, in a proportion of 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers used to prepare the microgel particles, in the latter case it is The proportion of these monomers is from 0 to less than 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers used to prepare the polymer microtubes which are not or only slightly internally crosslinked. Examples of comonomers (II) with at least two free-radically polymerizable, olefinic Double bonds are hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, butanediol di (meth) acrylate, hexamethylene bis (meth) acrylamide, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene. Further examples are compounds which can be prepared by the condensation or addition reaction of complementary compounds which each contain one or more further functional groups in the molecule in addition to one or more olefinic double bonds. The further functional groups of the individual complementary compounds are complementary reactive groups, in particular groups that can react with one another in the sense of a possible condensation or addition reaction. The condensation or

The addition reaction can take place before, during or after the copolymerization.

Further examples of compounds prepared by the condensation reaction and containing more than one olefinic double bond are reaction products formed from alkoxysilane-functional (meth) acrylic monomers after hydrolysis with elimination of alcohol and formation of siloxane bridges. Further examples are of hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates and olefinically unsaturated isocyanates blocked on the isocyanate group, such as isocyanatoalkyl (meth) acrylate or m-isopropenyl-alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate with elimination of the

Blocking agent and formation of reaction products formed urethane groups.

Another example of a compound prepared by an addition reaction and containing more than one olefinic double bond is that by ring-opening addition of the epoxy group of glycidyl (meth) acrylate to the carboxyl group of

(Meth) acrylic acid reaction product formed to form an ester and a hydroxyl group. Further examples are addition products formed from hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates and olefinically unsaturated isocyanates such as isocyanatoalkyl (meth) acrylate or m-isopropenyl-alpha.alpha-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate to form a urethane group.

Those in the continuous phase of the invention are preferred Coating agent, in particular in the solvent composition of the continuous phase insoluble epoxy-functional (mem) acrylic copolymer micro-particles of component B2) surrounded by a dispersion stabilizer arranged on its surface, in particular covalently attached. The dispersion stabilizer is soluble in the continuous phase of the coating composition according to the invention, in particular in the solvent composition of the continuous phase. The weight ratio of soluble dispersion stabilizer to insoluble fraction of the (meth) acrylic copolymer mixture of component B2) is, for example, between 5:95 and 50:50, preferably between 10:90 and 30:70.

Dispersion stabilizers in the sense of the present invention are, for example, in particular macromers, for example macromonomers, which are soluble in the continuous phase of the coating agent according to the invention, in particular the solvent composition of the continuous phase of the coating agent according to the invention, in particular in a solvent or a mixture of organic solvents F) . They are oligomeric or polymeric compounds with a number average molecular weight (Mn), for example from 500 to 20,000, with one or more olefinic, free-radically polymerizable double bonds in the molecule. Examples are oligomeric or polymeric compounds into which one or more olefinic double bonds have been introduced by adding functional group (s) of the oligomeric or polymeric compounds with groups of low molecular weight that are complementarily reactive towards the functional group (s). or multiple olefinically unsaturated compounds have been reacted. In the case of oligomeric or polymeric compounds with several functional groups, all or only some of the functional groups can be reacted with the complementarily reactive groups of the low molecular weight, mono- or poly-olefinically unsaturated compounds. A covalent bond is formed between the functional group and the complementary reactive group by means of a condensation or addition reaction. For example, the same condensation or addition reactions are possible, as in connection with the above

Comonomers (II) with at least two free-radically polymerizable, olefinic double bonds are exemplified. An example of a dispersion stabilizer that can be used is the reaction product of poly-12-hydroxystearic acid and glycidyl (meth) acrylate.

Preferred dispersion stabilizers are (meth) acrylic copolymers. Preferred examples of this are suitably functionalized (meth) acrylic copolymers, the functional groups of which have been partially or completely reacted with complementarily reactive groups of low molecular weight, mono- or poly-olefinically unsaturated compounds, for example (meth) acrylic acid copolymers reacted with glycidyl (meth) acrylate, with (meth ) acrylic acid reacted glycidyl (meth) acrylate copolymers, isocyanate functional (meth) acrylic copolymers reacted with hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate or hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate copolymers reacted with isocyanatoalkyl (meth) acrylate. The (meth) acrylic copolymers preferred as dispersion stabilizers contain, in addition to the optionally unreacted functional groups and the monomer units modified with olefinically unsaturated groups, a proportion of, for example, 60 to 99

% By weight, preferably 70 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 70 to 90% by weight, of non-functional monomer units. This ensures the solubility of the (meth) acrylic copolymer dispersion stabilizer in the solvent composition of the continuous phase of the coating composition according to the invention, in particular in the solvent or solvent mixture F). For the non-functional

Monomers are preferably (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters with 4 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl part, for example butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, tert.-butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, (Cl -C12 alkyl) cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, (iso) bornyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, hexadecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate.

The calculated epoxy equivalent weight of the epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer micro-particles of component B2) which have a dispersion stabilizer arranged on their surface, in particular covalently attached, is, for example, 200 to 700, preferably 250 to 500 and in particular 300 to 450, based on the solid (sum of Solid-state contributions from soluble dispersion stabilizers and insoluble polymer microtubes). The radical copolymerization for the preparation of the epoxy-functional (mem) acrylic copolymer micro-particles of component B2), which have a dispersion stabilizer covalently attached to their surface, can be carried out, for example, by introducing an organic solution of the copolymerizable dispersion stabilizer and the mixture of the monomers (I) and (II) is added. However, preference is given only to organic solvents, preferably an organic solvent mixture which comprises 0 to 20% by weight of customary oxygen-containing organic solvents, preferably selected from ketones, esters, alcohols, ether esters, ethers, ether alcohols and / or

Ester alcohols, 0 to 30% by weight of customary aromatic and / or araliphatic hydrocarbons and 70 to 100% by weight of customary aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, the% by weight being 100% by weight add, submitted and the monomer mixture and the copolymerizable dispersion stabilizer are added and radically copolymerized. The monomer mixture and dispersion stabilizer can also be metered in as a mixture. Of course, an organic solution of a portion of the copolymerizable dispersion stabilizer can also be introduced and the rest of the copolymerizable dispersion stabilizer can be added.

The epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer microbeads of component B2) are preferably prepared by radical copolymerization of the monomers (I) and (II) in the presence of a copolymerizable (meth) acrylic copolymer macromers as a dispersion stabilizer, particularly preferably an epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer macromers. The epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer macromers can in particular be obtained by reacting an epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer with a deficiency of (meth) acrylic acid based on the epoxy groups for the purpose of introducing olefinic double bonds and forming the macromeric dispersion stabilizer.

Particularly preferred epoxy-functional (mem) acrylic copolymer microparticles of component B2) can be produced by one shown below Synthesis sequence. First of all, an epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer is obtained by radical copolymerization of part or all of the epoxy-functional monomers (I) used for the preparation of the (meth) acrylic copolymer microspheres of component B2) and a part of the quantity used for the preparation of the (meth) acrylic copolymer microspheres of component B2) monomers used

(II) manufactured. (Meth) acrylic copolymers with a calculated epoxy equivalent weight of, for example, 300 to 3000 and a number-average molar mass (Mn) of 1500 to 5000 are preferably obtained in this way. The organically dissolved, epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer thus prepared is reacted with a deficit of (meth) acrylic acid, based on the epoxy groups. The

Epoxy groups partially used. After this addition has ended, an organic solution of an epoxy group-containing (meth) acrylic copolymer macromer is present, which, together with the remaining portion of the epoxy-functional monomers (I) used for the preparation of the (meth) acrylic copolymer microtubes of component B2) and the remaining portion of the

Production of the (meth) acrylic copolymer microbeads of component B2) used monomers (II) is copolymerized to form epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymer microparticles of component B2) which have dispersion stabilizer residues covalently attached to the particle surface. The epoxy groups can therefore only be part of the dispersion stabilizer residues or they are both part of the dispersion stabilizer residues and of the actual (meth) acrylic copolymer microparticles.

When preparing the coating compositions according to the invention, the proportions are chosen so that between those containing carboxyl groups

Component A) and the epoxy-functional components B1) and B2) there is a molar ratio of the carboxyl to epoxy groups of 1: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 1: 1.2 to 1: 2.5. The ratio of the epoxy groups derived from the epoxy-functional components B1) and B2) is between 10: 1 and 1: 5, preferably between 10: 1 and 1: 1.

The coating agents according to the invention can, based in each case on the Solids content, 0 to 30% by weight, for example 5 to 30% by weight, of one or more polymer polyols C), based on the sum of the solids weights of components A), B1) and B2).

The polymer polyols C) can be, for example, hydroxyfunctional

Polyesters, polyurethanes and / or (meth) acrylic copolymers are selected polymer polyols which are different from components A) which may contain hydroxyl groups. The polymer polyols C) used in the coating compositions according to the invention have, for example, a number-average molar mass (Mn) of 500 to 10,000. The polymer polyols C) have at least two

Hydroxyl functions in the molecule. In addition to the hydroxyl groups corresponding to a hydroxyl number of, for example, 30 to 350 mg KOH / g, the polymer polyols C) can also contain carboxyl groups corresponding to an acid number of 0 to 15 mg KOH / g. In addition to the hydroxyl groups and the carboxyl groups which may be present, the polymer polyols C) preferably contain no further functional groups

Groups, especially no epoxy groups.

In addition to components A), B1), B2) and C), the coating compositions according to the invention can also contain one or more additional crosslinkers D) which differ from epoxy components B1) and B2) and which additionally crosslink, in particular by including hydroxyl groups, for example those present in the binder system and / or hydroxyl groups formed during the baking in the course of the epoxy / carboxyl addition reaction. The additional crosslinking agents D) are contained in quantitative amounts of a total of 0 to 20% by weight, based on the sum of components A), B1), B2) and C), in each case based on the solids content.

Examples of additional crosslinkers D) are customary lacquer aminoplast resins, in particular melamine resins. Examples are butanol, isobutanol and / or methanol etherified melamine resins.

Further examples of additional crosslinking agents D) are under formation of ester groups, in particular with formation of urethane groups (carbamic acid ester groups) cross-linking components based on triazine, such as, for example, preferably tris (alkoxycarbonylamino) triazine.

Further examples of additional crosslinking agents D) are blocked polyisocyanates which are customary in lacquer and which can be prepared from free polyisocyanates by reaction with compounds which contain an active hydrogen atom and can be split off under the stoving conditions.

Examples of polyisocyanates that can be used are, in particular, cycloaliphatic and aliphatic diisocyanates such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate,

2,2,4-trimethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, biscyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and polyisocyanates derived therefrom, for example those containing biuret, isocyanurate, uretdione, carbodiimide, urethane and / or allophanate groups Type.

The known polyisocyanates, which are usually used in the production of paints, are particularly well suited, e.g. Modification products of the simple polyisocyanates mentioned above, which contain biuret, isocyanurate or urethane groups, in particular tris (6-isocyanatohexyl) biuret, the isocyanurate derived from isophorone diisocyanate or hexane diisocyanate or low molecular weight polyisocyanates containing urethane groups, as used by reacting excess isocyanate can be obtained with simple polyhydric alcohols in the molecular weight range 62 to 300, in particular with trimethylolpropane.

Conventional capping agents are used, for example compounds with an active hydrogen atom, selected from CH-acidic compounds such as acetylacetone, alkyl acetoacetate, dialkyl malonate; alcohols; Oximes such as methyl ethyl ketoxime; Lactams such as epsilon-caprolactam; Imidazole or pyrazole derivatives.

Further examples of additional crosslinkers D) which are used in the inventive Coating agents can be included are organic compounds which have at least two cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups per molecule. The content of carboxylic anhydride groups in these compounds (formally calculated as C ₄ O ₃ , molecular weight = 96) is preferably 5 to 88% by weight, particularly preferably 6 to 30% by weight. Trimellitic anhydride esters of

Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin or trimethylolpropane, preferably prepared in a ratio of 1 mol of trimellitic anhydride per mol of hydroxyl groups.

Other suitable polyanhydrides are, for example, benzophenonetetracarbonic acid dianhydride and 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.

Preferred polyanhydrides are copolymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers which, on average, have at least two cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride groups per molecule. These are preferably

Copolymers of maleic anhydride and / or itaconic anhydride with conventional comonomers as described, for example, in connection with component A).

Furthermore, the coating compositions according to the invention can contain 0 to 10% by weight of one or more monoepoxide compounds E), based on the sum of components A), B1) and B2), in each case based on the solid. These are essentially non-volatile substances under the stoving conditions, for example the volatile fraction is preferably below 1% by weight, based on the total amount of monoepoxide E). The molecular weights of the monoepoxides E) are above

150 and preferred are compounds of this type with a number average molecular weight of up to 3000, particularly preferably less than 1000.

Examples of such compounds are, for example, reaction products of a diglycidyl compound, for example a diglycidyl ether, such as one mole of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and one mole of a saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid such as acetic acid, propionic acid or isononanoic acid. Other examples are Reaction products of di- or polyepoxides such as polyglycidyl ether based on diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol with a number average molecular weight (Mw) of up to 2000 and triglycidyl ether of glycerol and / or polyphenols such as bisphenol A or F with the monocarboxylic acids mentioned.

The glycidyl ester of versatic acid is particularly preferred.

When ready for application, the coating compositions of the invention have, for example, a solids content, which is composed of the resin solids and any further nonvolatile constituents (such as pigments, fillers, additives) contained, from 40 to 70% by weight. The remainder, for example 30 to 60% by weight, is formed by volatile constituents, organic solvents, which can be added separately in the production of the coating compositions according to the invention and / or as constituents from others in the production of the inventive coatings

Components used coating agent, for example the binder / crosslinking system. The organic solvents are those which are customary in the production of coating agents, the organic solvents contained in the application-ready coating agent preferably being a solvent mixture F).

The solvents or solvent mixtures F) consist of 0 to 35% by weight of customary oxygen-containing organic solvents and 65 to 100% by weight of customary coating hydrocarbons, the% by weight adding up to 100% by weight. The term conventional hydrocarbons includes not only aromatic, araliphatic, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, but also conventional hydrocarbons. Preferred solvent mixtures F) consist of 0 to 35% by weight of customary oxygen-containing organic solvents, 50 to 90% by weight of customary aromatic and / or araliphatic hydrocarbons and 5 to 30% by weight of customary paint aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, the weight% adding up to 100 weight%. Particularly preferred Solvent mixtures F) consist of 5 to 30% by weight of customary paint-containing oxygen-containing organic solvents, 55 to 80% by weight of customary paint and aromatic and / or araliphatic hydrocarbons and 5 to 20% by weight of customary paint-related aliphatic hydrocarbons add the wt% to 100 wt%.

The customary paint-containing organic solvents contained in the ready-to-apply coating compositions according to the invention are preferably exclusively carbon, hydrogen and oxygen-containing solvents, preferably selected from ketones, esters, alcohols, ether esters, ethers,

Ether alcohols and / or ester alcohols. Examples of selectable ketones are methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, isophorone. Examples of selectable esters are butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, ethyl acetate, (iso) butyl acetate, (iso) amyl acetate, propylene glycol diacetate, butyl acetate is preferred. Examples of selectable alcohols are mono- and dialcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n- and isopropanol, n- and isobutanol, 2-ethylhexanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, isodekanol, isononyl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, triethylene glycol The choice is preferably made from n-butanol and / or isodecanol. Examples of selectable

Ether esters are ethyl glycol acetate, butyl glycol acetate, methyl glycol acetate, 3-methoxy-n-butyl acetate, butyl diglycol acetate, methoxypropylacetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ester, ethyl ethoxypropionate, ethoxypropyl acetate, the choice is preferably made from methoxypropylacetate, butyl glycol or glycol acetate, butyl glycol / ethyl acetate, butyl glycol glycol acetate, butyl glycol acetate. Examples of selectable

Ethers are diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether is preferred. Examples of selectable ether alcohols are butyl glycol, butoxypropanol, butyl diglycol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, ethyl glycol, ethyl diglycol, ethyl triglycol,

Ethoxypropanol, hexylglycol, isopropylglycol, methoxypropanol, methoxybutanol, methylglycol, methyldiglycol, but the choice is preferably made from butylglycol, Butyl diglycol, dipropylene glycol butyl ether and / or methoxypropanol. Examples of ester alcohols are glycol acetate, butyl glycolate, Texanol ^R. Examples of other paint-containing oxygen-containing organic solvents are diacetone alcohol and methoxyhexanone.

Examples of aromatic and araliphatic hydrocarbons are xylene, toluene, tetralin and mixtures of aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbons in the boiling range 150 to 270 ° C., xylene and hydrocarbon mixtures in the boiling range 150 to 210 ° C. are preferred.

Examples of aliphatic hydrocarbons are n-heptane, isoheptane, cyclohexane, and mixtures of aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 60 to 250 ° C, e.g. Gasoline and petroleum fractions.

Examples of terpene hydrocarbons are dipentene, pine oil, turpentine as well

Mixtures of terpene hydrocarbons in the boiling range 160 to 220 ° C.

If the coating compositions according to the invention are to be used as pigmented topcoats, for example in the production of the outer top layer of a multi-layer coating, they contain pigments and, if appropriate, fillers. The pigment plus filler / resin solids weight ratio is, for example, in the range between 0.05 to 2: 1, the resin solids including components A), B), C), D) and E). Examples of pigments are inorganic and / or organic colored pigments and / or effect pigments, such as e.g. Titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, azo pigments,

Phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, metal pigments, for example made of titanium, aluminum or copper, interference pigments, such as for example titanium dioxide-coated aluminum, coated mica, graphite effect pigments, platelet-shaped iron oxide, platelet-shaped copper thalocyanine pigments. Examples of fillers are standard fillers, such as talc and silicates. Furthermore, the coating compositions according to the invention, which can be used as pigmented topcoats or preferably as transparent clearcoats, can contain customary paint additives, for example 0 to 5% by weight, based on the entire paint, for example transparent pigments or fillers, leveling agents, reactive thinners, dyes, light stabilizers, Antioxidants or other rheology controllers which can be used in addition to the epoxy-functional polymer microbases B2), such as, for example, disubstituted ureas, compounds which provide formaldehyde at the latest during the baking, catalysts for catalyzing the reaction of carboxyl and epoxy groups and / or for catalyzing the possible additional crosslinking.

The coating compositions according to the invention can be applied by known methods, in particular by spraying in layer thicknesses, for example from 25 to 60 μm. After an evaporation phase, the applied coating agent is crosslinked by heating. The baking temperatures are e.g. at 60 to 180 ° C, preferably at 60 to 160 ° C.

The coating compositions of the invention can be used, for example, to produce the outer pigmented topcoat layer of a multi-layer coating. In this respect, the present invention also relates to the use of the coating compositions of the invention as topcoat compositions.

The coating compositions according to the invention are preferably formulated as transparent clear lacquers which can be used to produce the outer clear lacquer layer of a multi-layer lacquer. In this respect, this concerns

Invention also the use of the coating compositions according to the invention as clear coating compositions. For example, the clear lacquer coating composition according to the invention can be applied and baked on a substrate provided with a coloring and / or effect-imparting one- or multi-layer precoating. The stoving temperatures of the clear lacquer coating compositions according to the invention are, for example, between 60 and 160 ° C. For automotive applications, for example, they are between 60 and 140, for applications in the Automobile bus painting in particular between 80 and 140 and preferably between 110 and 130 ° C.

The clear lacquer coating compositions according to the invention are preferably used for producing a basecoat / clearcoat multi-layer coating. In this case, a coloring and / or effect-imparting basecoat layer is applied to an optionally precoated substrate, in particular to precoated automobile bodies or parts thereof, before the clearcoat coating layer is applied from a clearcoat coating agent according to the invention and baked.

The color and / or effect basecoat layer can be baked before application of the clearcoat layer from the clearcoat coating composition according to the invention, but the clearcoat coating composition according to the invention is preferably applied to the basecoat layer determining the color tone of the multi-layer coating by the known wet-on-wet method. The order is placed by

Basecoat film by spraying from a color and / or effect aqueous or solvent-based basecoat in a dry film thickness depending on the color, for example between 10 to 25 μm. Following the application of the basecoat film, after a short flash-off phase, e.g. at 20 to 80 ° C, the application of the clear coat from the invention

Clear lacquer coating compositions, for example by spraying, for example in a dry layer thickness of generally between 25 and 50 μm. If necessary, it can be vented briefly. The substrate is then fed to the stoving process, in which the clear lacquer coating layer is stoved together with the basecoat layer at elevated temperatures, for example from 60 to 160 ° C.

The coating compositions according to the invention are stable on storage and are distinguished by favorable processing properties. They are stable during curing, especially during baking. Basecoat layers overcoated by the wet-on-wet process with the clearcoat coating compositions according to the invention are hardly or not at all dissolved. The present invention can be used to produce multi-layer coatings, in particular basecoat clearcoat two-layer coatings, in particular on motor vehicles and their parts with an excellent optical and aesthetic impression, good weathering stability and good chemical and acid resistance.

Example 1 (Preparation of a carboxyl-functional polyester):

a) Preparation of a hydroxy-functional polyester oligomer:

1100 g of trimethylolpropane and 899 g of adipic acid are esterified in the presence of 2 g of hypophosphorous acid at 180 ° C. to 240 ° C. in the melt to an acid number of 0.5 mg KOH / g. The mixture is then diluted with 770 g of a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 155 ° C.-178 ° C.).

The product has a burn-in residue of 64.5% (lh 150 ° C) and a

Hydroxyl number of 390 mg KOH / g, based on the solids content.

b) Carboxyl functionalization of the hydroxy-functional polyester oligomer:

878 g of the product from Example la), 622 g of hexahydrophthalic anhydride and 277 g of a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 155 ° C.-178 ° C.) are heated to 80 ° C. After the exothermic reaction has subsided, the mixture is heated to 140 ° C. and the reaction is carried out until the desired acid number is reached. Then 100 g epsüon-caprolactone are added. The reaction is carried out at 140 ° C. until the theoretical solids content is reached.

The carboxyl-functional polyester resin has a stoving residue of 67.7% (lh 150 ° C) and an acid number of 190 mg KOH / g, based on the solids content.

Example 2 (Preparation of Carboxy Functional Methacrylic Copolymer Microparticles):

a) 197 parts of a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 155 - 178 ° C) are submitted and heated to 140 ° C. Within 5 hours, a mixture of 60 parts of acrylic acid, 295 parts of ethylhexyl methacrylate, 189 parts of cyclohexyl methacrylate, 47.3 parts of lauryl acrylate, 10 parts of a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 140-165 ° C.), 1.4 parts of dicumyl peroxide and 2.9 parts Di-tert-butyl peroxide was added dropwise continuously.

The mixture is then rinsed with 30 parts of the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons and the reaction mixture is post-polymerized at 150 ° C. for 4 h. After adding a further 158 parts of the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, 10 parts of glycidyl methacrylate and 0.2 part of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol are added at 140 ° C. and the reaction is continued until the epoxy groups have been consumed.

b) 15 parts of a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 155-178 ° C.), 24 parts of n-butanol and 114 parts of a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 140-165 ° C.) are introduced and heated to 100 ° C. A mixture of 132 parts of methyl methacrylate, 47.4

Teüen acrylic acid, 25 parts of styrene, 25 parts of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 115 parts of the resin solution 2a), 60 parts of the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, 15.6 Teüen n-butanoϊ and 1.3 parts of 2,2-azobis (2-methylbutanenitrile) continuously dripped. The mixture is still 30 min. stirred at 100 ° C.

Example 3 (Preparation of Epoxy Functional Methacrylic Copolymer Microparticles):

a) 292 parts of a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 155-178 ° C) are placed and heated to 140 ° C. Within 5 hours, a mixture of 175 parts of glycidyl methacrylate, 350 parts of ethylhexyl methacrylate and 280 parts

Cyclohexyl methacrylate, 70 parts of lauryl methacrylate, 14.6 parts of a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 140-165 ° C.), 2.2 parts of dicumyl peroxide and 4.4 parts of di-tert-butyl peroxide were added dropwise continuously. It is then rinsed with 44 parts of the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons and the reaction mixture is postpolymerized at 150 ° C. for 4 h. To

Add another 234 parts of the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons at 130 ° C 15 parts of acrylic acid and 0.3 Teüe 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol added and the reaction carried out until an acid number <0.6 mg KOH / g is reached.

b) 6.5 parts of a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 155-178 ° C.), 8 parts of n-butanol and 52 parts of a mixture of aliphatic

Hydrocarbons (boiling range 140 - 165 ° C) are introduced and heated to 100 ° C. Within 3 hours, a mixture of 50 parts of methyl methacrylate, 41 parts of glycidyl methacrylate, 11 parts of styrene, 50 parts of the resin solution 3a), 26 parts of the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, 7 parts of n-butanol and 0.6 parts of 2,2-azo-bis (2-Methylbutannitrü) continuously added dropwise. The mixture is still 30 min. stirred at 100 ° C.

Example 4 (Production of Epoxy-Functional Methacrylic Copolymer Microtubes):

15 parts of a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 155 -

178 ° C), 24 parts of n-butanol and 114 parts of a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons (boiling range 140-165 ° C) are introduced and heated to 100 ° C. Within 3 hours, a mixture of 101 parts of methyl methacrylate, 94 parts of glycidyl methacrylate, 25 parts of styrene, 12 parts of hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 115 parts of the resin solution 3a), 60 parts of the mixture becomes more aliphatic

Hydrocarbons, 16 parts of n-butanol and 1.3 parts of 2,2-azo-bis (2-methylbutanenitrite) were continuously added dropwise. The mixture is still 30 min. stirred at 100 ° C.

Example 5 a - d (production of clearcoats and production of

Multi-layer paintwork:

Clear lacquers with the composition given in Table 1 are produced.

A super-colored basecoat in a dry layer thickness of 15 μm is sprayed onto sheets with a cataphoresis primer and filler layer and pre-dried at 80 ° C for 10 minutes. The clear coats 5a - d each sprayed onto the hanging sheets in the form of a 10 to 60 μm dry layer. After 5 minutes flashing off at room temperature, it is baked for 20 minutes at 140 ° C (object temperature). The sheets are in the vertical position during all operations.

In each case, high-gloss multi-layer coatings are obtained without the effect base lacquer dissolving.

In addition to the composition of the clear coats, Table 1 shows their respective process limits and storage stability.

Table 1

1) 69% by weight solution of an epoxy-functional methacrylic copolymer (monomer weight ratio: 5% tert-butyl acrylate, 12% butanediol monoacrylate, 20% styrene, 26% ethylhexymiethacrylate, 37% glycidyl methacrylate; number average molecular weight (Mn) = 4000 in a 9: 1 Mixture of Solvesso 100 (mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons with boiling range 155 to 185 ° C) and n-butanol), 2) methacrylic copolymer microparticles from Examples 2, 3 and 4,

3) 70% by weight solution of a butylated melamine resin in n-butanol,

4) 1: 1 mixture of a benzotriazole derivative and a sterically hindered amine (HALS type),

5) Suikonöl.

6) Stand samples of the clear coats at 20 ° C were observed for the beginning of phase separation.

Claims

Claims:

1. Coating agent containing a binder / crosslinking system, one or more organic solvents, and, if appropriate, pigments and / or fillers and, if appropriate, other additives customary in paint, the binder / crosslinking system

A) 20 to 80% by weight of one or more carboxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers and / or carboxy-functional polyesters dissolved in the continuous phase of the coating agent, which can in each case be urethanized and / or modified with lactones and whose carboxy functionality in each case has an acid number of 15 to Corresponds to 300 mg KOH / g and

B) contains 80 to 20% by weight of epoxy-functional crosslinking agent,

wherein the number ratio between the carboxyl groups of component A) and the epoxy groups of component B) is 1: 1 to 1: 3,

characterized in that the epoxy-functional crosslinker B) comprises at least one epoxy-functional crosslinker component B1) dissolved in the continuous phase of the coating agent and at least one epoxy-functional crosslinker component dispersed in the continuous phase of the coating agent

B2) includes

where the number ratio of the epoxy groups of the crosslinker components B1) and B2) is 10: 1 to 1: 5 and the organic solvents contained in the ready-to-apply coating agent are from 0 to 35% by weight from one or more customary lacquer-containing oxygen-containing organic solvents and from 65 to 100 wt .-% consist of one or more hydrocarbons customary in paint.

. Coating agent according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is used as an organic solvent containing oxygen, such as selected from ketones, esters, alcohols, ether esters, ethers, ether alcohols and / or ester alcohols and as customary paint hydrocarbons, such as selected from aromatic, araliphatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons and / or contain customary terpene hydrocarbons.

3. Coating agent according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains 0 to 35% by weight of one or more paint-containing oxygen-containing organic solvents, 50 to 90% by weight of one or more paint-like aromatic and / or araliphatic hydrocarbons and 5 contain up to 30% by weight of one or more customary aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons.

4. coating agent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

C) 0 to 30 wt .-% of one or more polymer polyols, which differ from component A), based on the solid weight of the

Components A), Bl) and B2),

D) 0 to 20% by weight of one or more additional crosslinking agents different from B), based on the solids weight of components A), B1), B2) and C) and / or

E) 0 to 10% by weight of one or more monoepoxides, based on the solids weight of components A), B1) and B2).

5. coating agent according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a solids content of 40 to 70 wt .-%.

. A process for the production of a multi-layer coating, in which a base coat layer and then a clear coat layer are applied to an optionally precoated substrate, characterized in that the clear coat layer is made from one of the coating compositions according to one of Claims 1 to

5 applied.

7. Use of the coating agent according to one of claims 1 to 5 for the production of multi-layer coatings.

8. Use of the coating agent according to one of claims 1 to 5 for the production of clear lacquer layers.

9. Use according to claim 7 or 8 for painting motor vehicles or their Teüen.