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WO2000046869A2 - Procede et dispositif de determination quantitative des alcools - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de determination quantitative des alcools Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000046869A2
WO2000046869A2 PCT/DE2000/000341 DE0000341W WO0046869A2 WO 2000046869 A2 WO2000046869 A2 WO 2000046869A2 DE 0000341 W DE0000341 W DE 0000341W WO 0046869 A2 WO0046869 A2 WO 0046869A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
voltage
anode
cathode
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2000/000341
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2000046869A3 (fr
Inventor
Hendrik Dohle
Hans-Friedrich Oetjen
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
Publication of WO2000046869A2 publication Critical patent/WO2000046869A2/fr
Publication of WO2000046869A3 publication Critical patent/WO2000046869A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/404—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors
    • G01N27/4045—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors for gases other than oxygen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G01N33/14—Beverages
    • G01N33/146—Beverages containing alcohol
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the quantitative determination of alcohols.
  • an osmotic measuring device with a flow cell with which, for example, the alcohol content in beer is continuously determined.
  • the pressure in the measuring cell is measured in a measuring cell separated from the flow cell by a membrane with the aid of a pressure sensor. This drops due to the osmotic pressure with increasing concentration of alcohol in the
  • Flow cell and can thus be used as a measure for determining the alcohol content in beer.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a further method and a further device with which alcohols can be determined quantitatively.
  • the method and the device result from the related claims.
  • the sophisticated method uses a fuel cell for the quantitative determination of alcohols.
  • a fuel cell has a cathode, an anode and one located between the anode and cathode
  • Electrolytes An anode space borders on the anode.
  • a cathode space borders on the cathode.
  • methanol and water are fed to the anode compartment as working gas.
  • oxygen or air is considered
  • Hydrogen ions are formed from the methanol and water at the anode using a catalyst.
  • the hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte, which typically consists of a membrane, eg Nafion ® 117 or National ®
  • the medium to be measured is liquid and / or gaseous and contains the alcohol to be determined.
  • the measuring medium can be, for example, a water-methanol mixture or a water-methanol-C0 2 mixture.
  • the measuring medium with the alcohol flows through an electrode space of the fuel cell. A fluid is fed to the other electrode space.
  • the alcohol reaches after indirect or direct supply to the anode. Immediate supply means that the alcohol is passed directly to the anode together with the measuring medium, while with the indirect supply the alcohol must first pass the electrolyte in order to reach the anode.
  • the alcohol is oxidized at the anode. This releases electrons.
  • the resulting hydrogen ions (protons) pass through the electrolyte and are reduced at the cathode by taking up the electrons.
  • the voltage and / or the current in the fuel cell are measured and used as a measure of the concentration of alcohol in the measuring medium.
  • reference data and the comparison of this reference data with measured data represent the correct use of the current / voltage as a measure of the concentration.
  • the measuring medium with the alcohol flows through the anode compartment as an electrode compartment of the fuel cell.
  • An oxidizing agent is supplied as fluid to the cathode compartment as another electrode compartment.
  • Suitable oxidizing agents are, for example, air, oxygen or hydrogen peroxide.
  • the alcohol is oxidized at the anode. This releases electrons.
  • the resulting hydrogen ions (protons) pass through the electrolyte and react with the oxygen from the oxidizing agent to form water at the cathode, taking up the electrons.
  • a current flows that is generated by the fuel cell.
  • a resistor is connected between the anode and the cathode. The voltage and / or the current are measured in the fuel cell and used as a measure of the concentration of alcohol in the measuring medium.
  • a voltage is applied to a fuel cell from the outside in order to force oxidation of the alcohol at the anode.
  • the voltage is applied so that the electrode space through which the measuring medium flows is the anode space and that an inert gas is the
  • Cathode space is fed as another electrode space.
  • An inert gas is a gas that does not react chemically in the fuel cell. Inert gases are e.g. Nitrogen or noble gases, such as argon or helium. The alcohol to be determined quantitatively is at the
  • a voltage is likewise applied to a fuel cell from the outside in order to achieve the aforementioned effect.
  • the voltage is applied such that the electrode space through which the measuring medium flows is the cathode space and an inert gas as fluid is fed to the anode space as another electrode space.
  • the electrolyte is permeable to alcohols and can in particular be a membrane. Examples of such membranes are the cation exchange membranes National ® 117 or National ® 105.
  • the alcohol first passes through the electrolyte, before it is oxidized at the anode.
  • the resulting hydrogen ions diffuse through the electrolyte back to the cathode, where they react to form hydrogen.
  • the resulting current is measured and used as a measure of the concentration of alcohol in the measuring medium.
  • the device for determining alcohols according to claim 5 contains a fuel cell, the electrolyte of which is permeable to alcohols. Means are also available for measuring the voltage or the current generated in the fuel cell. Means for measuring the voltage generated in the fuel cell are e.g. a voltmeter that drops across a resistor between the anode and cathode
  • Tension measures A means of measuring the current generated is e.g. an ammeter connected between the anode and cathode.
  • Determination of alcohols also contains means to apply external voltage to the fuel cell.
  • a means is e.g. a battery.
  • the voltage to be applied should be so high that the potential difference necessary for the oxidation of the alcohol is given.
  • the voltage should e.g. be at least 250 mV.
  • an evaluation means is available. With the aid of the evaluation means, an alcohol concentration is determined from the measured voltage or the measured current.
  • the Evaluation means can in particular contain a memory in which reference data are stored and a comparison means with which the measured data are compared with the reference data. Reference data are current or voltage data from measurements with a known alcohol content in the measuring medium.
  • the evaluation means can also have a calibration curve. The alcohol content of this mixture can be determined by comparing the reference data with the measured current or voltage values of a mixture with an unknown alcohol content.
  • Fig. 1 shows the schematic structure of a methanol fuel cell
  • Fig. 2 shows the voltage concentration curve of a methanol fuel cell in the 0 2 -bet ⁇ eb
  • the method according to the invention uses a fuel cell, here a methanol fuel cell, as shown in FIG. 1, for detecting alcohol, here methanol.
  • the fuel cell consists of an anode compartment 1, which adjoins the anode 2 and a cathode compartment 5, which adjoins the cathode 4.
  • the electrolyte 3 is located between the anode and the cathode, in this case a membrane permeable to alcohol.
  • Anode and cathode are connected to one another via a conductor 6.
  • a conductor In the conductor is a resistor R and an ammeter A switched. The voltage drop across the resistor is measured with a voltmeter V.
  • a water-methanol mixture with an unknown methanol content is supplied to the anode compartment as the measuring medium, while air is supplied to the cathode compartment as a fluid.
  • the methanol oxidizes at the anode according to the equation:
  • the necessary electrons are released from the cathode.
  • the voltage resulting from these processes can be read on the voltmeter (V). Due to the diffusion of the methanol through the electrolyte to the cathode, a mixed potential is formed at the cathode and the cathode process is inhibited, and the greater the higher the methanol concentration in the measuring medium. Together with reference data from measurements with a known methanol content and subsequent comparison, the voltage read can be used as a measure of the concentration of methanol in the measuring medium.
  • Figure 2 shows the graph of the dependence of the measured voltage on the

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et une pile électrochimique qui permettent d'effectuer la détermination quantitative des alcools. L'alcool à analyser arrive directement ou indirectement au niveau de l'anode, où il est oxydé. Un agent oxydant ou un gaz inerte est amené à la cathode. La tension ou le courant généré dans la pile sont utilisés comme mesure pour déterminer la concentration en alcool.
PCT/DE2000/000341 1999-02-04 2000-02-02 Procede et dispositif de determination quantitative des alcools WO2000046869A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904506.2 1999-02-04
DE19904506A DE19904506C2 (de) 1999-02-04 1999-02-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Alkoholen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000046869A2 true WO2000046869A2 (fr) 2000-08-10
WO2000046869A3 WO2000046869A3 (fr) 2000-11-16

Family

ID=7896415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2000/000341 WO2000046869A2 (fr) 1999-02-04 2000-02-02 Procede et dispositif de determination quantitative des alcools

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19904506C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000046869A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001035478A1 (fr) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-17 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Capteur de (methanol) de pile a combustible avec une faible resistance de charge et une forte alimentation en oxydant
US6536262B2 (en) * 1999-09-24 2003-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Determination of the alcohol concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells
DE102011007612A1 (de) 2011-04-18 2012-10-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzellensystem

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3966579A (en) * 1974-03-20 1976-06-29 Kuo Wei Chang Apparatus for measuring alcohol concentrations
JPS60189174A (ja) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-26 Hitachi Ltd 燃料電池
CA1257647A (fr) * 1984-10-31 1989-07-18 Tsutomu Tsukui Pile a combustible liquide
EP0684469A3 (fr) * 1994-05-24 1996-11-20 Siemens Ag Appareil pour déterminer la concentration des alcools.
DE19640063C1 (de) * 1996-09-28 1998-01-08 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Membranosmometer
DE19646487C2 (de) * 1996-11-11 1998-10-08 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Elektroden-Elektrolyt-Einheit für eine Brennstoffzelle
US6306285B1 (en) * 1997-04-08 2001-10-23 California Institute Of Technology Techniques for sensing methanol concentration in aqueous environments

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6536262B2 (en) * 1999-09-24 2003-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Determination of the alcohol concentration in the electrolyte of fuel cells
WO2001035478A1 (fr) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-17 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Capteur de (methanol) de pile a combustible avec une faible resistance de charge et une forte alimentation en oxydant
US6527943B1 (en) 1999-11-08 2003-03-04 Ballard Power Systems, Inc. Fuel cell concentration sensor
DE102011007612A1 (de) 2011-04-18 2012-10-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzellensystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19904506C2 (de) 2002-10-24
WO2000046869A3 (fr) 2000-11-16
DE19904506A1 (de) 2000-08-31

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