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WO1999039195A1 - Methode rapide de separation de petites molecules utilisant la chromatographie liquide haute performance en phase inversee - Google Patents

Methode rapide de separation de petites molecules utilisant la chromatographie liquide haute performance en phase inversee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999039195A1
WO1999039195A1 PCT/US1999/002371 US9902371W WO9939195A1 WO 1999039195 A1 WO1999039195 A1 WO 1999039195A1 US 9902371 W US9902371 W US 9902371W WO 9939195 A1 WO9939195 A1 WO 9939195A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
column
compounds
mixture
volume
peak
Prior art date
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PCT/US1999/002371
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang K. Goetzinger
James N. Kyranos
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Arqule, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/028,401 external-priority patent/US5968361A/en
Application filed by Arqule, Inc. filed Critical Arqule, Inc.
Priority to CA002318143A priority Critical patent/CA2318143A1/fr
Priority to AU25809/99A priority patent/AU744950B2/en
Priority to EP99905709A priority patent/EP1053464A1/fr
Priority to US09/600,686 priority patent/US6497820B1/en
Priority to JP2000529598A priority patent/JP2002502031A/ja
Publication of WO1999039195A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999039195A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
    • G01N30/28—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
    • G01N30/34—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier of fluid composition, e.g. gradient
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N2030/022—Column chromatography characterised by the kind of separation mechanism
    • G01N2030/027—Liquid chromatography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
    • G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
    • G01N2030/8813—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample biological materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
    • G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
    • G01N2030/884—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample organic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
    • G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
    • G01N2030/884—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample organic compounds
    • G01N2030/885—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample organic compounds involving polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/86—Signal analysis
    • G01N30/8624—Detection of slopes or peaks; baseline correction
    • G01N30/8631—Peaks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of high performance liquid chromatography and more particularly to the field of high performance liquid chromatography separation of small organic molecules.
  • HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
  • HPLC is commonly used for analytical and preparative separations of biopolymers and other organic molecules.
  • the individual components within a complex organic reaction mixture may be separated by HPLC.
  • HPLC is performed in a pressure-resistant tube containing a stationary adsorbent which is the packing material.
  • a pressure mechanism exerts pressure on a mobile phase applied to one end of the column and moves it through the column causing it to exit the opposite end of the column.
  • a sample containing a mixture of compounds is injected onto the column through a sample injection port.
  • the various components of the sample adsorb to the packing material with different affinities. The components, therefore, can elute from the column separately under appropriate conditions.
  • On a reverse phase HPLC column the compounds within a sample are separated based on hydrophobicity.
  • HPLC analysis may be performed in isocratic or gradient mode.
  • An isocratic HPLC separation is one which is carried out under a constant eluant composition.
  • a gradient HPLC separation is characterized by a gradual change in the percentage of two or more solvents applied to the column over time. The change in solvent often is controlled by a mixing device which mixes solvent A and solvent B to produce the HPLC solvent just prior to its movement through the column. The amount of time over which the gradient is changed from one extreme to the opposite extreme is the gradient time.
  • combinatorial libraries encompass a series of - 2 - compounds having common structural features but which differ in the number or type of group attached to the main structure.
  • Each compound within a combinatorial library created by parallel synthesis is a separate sample housed in a tube or well of a microtitre plate.
  • quality control analysis to confirm that the particular sample includes the desired library component at the requisite purity.
  • this is accomplished by subjecting the samples to HPLC with UV, evaporative light scatter detection (ESLD), or mass spectrometry detection; IR; NMR; or any other appropriate analytical techniques.
  • ESLD evaporative light scatter detection
  • IR evaporative light scatter detection
  • NMR mass spectrometry detection
  • a problem encountered with prior art methods for separation of compounds in combinatorial libraries using HPLC is the length of time required for separation of each sample.
  • Each sample of a combinatorial library produced by parallel synthesis must be analyzed separately to determine if that sample houses the appropriate compound and/or to separate the compounds in the mixture.
  • Each library includes thousands of samples each of which require an average run time of 10 minutes. The amount of time required to perform separations on these samples may run on the order of months using standard equipment and methodology.
  • the present invention provides rapid methods for the analysis and preparative isolation of relatively simple synthetic mixtures containing a small number of reagents, the product(s)of interest and a relatively small number of side products using HPLC.
  • the methods of the invention reduce the HPLC analysis run time per sample from an average of 5 - 20 minutes shown in the prior art to less than one minute without a meaningful loss of resolution.
  • the invention depends in part upon the discovery that small organic molecules could be separated on a full gradient reverse phase HPLC by minimizing the total volume of eluant applied to the column, maximizing the linear flow velocity of the eluant and compressing the gradient time to resolve a peak at least every 2 seconds.
  • a full gradient is defined as a change in the solvent B concentration of at least 50%.
  • the methods of the invention include applying a mixture of compounds to a reverse phase column configured in a gradient high performance liquid chromatography system, and operating with a flow rate of at least 5 column volumes/min.
  • a complete gradient is applied to the column at a rate which uses a maximum total volume of 10 column volumes; preferably 5 column volumes in order to maximize speed.
  • the amount of time that the complete separation requires depends on the parameters used in the separation, such as the length of the column and the amount of solvent used.
  • the mixture of compounds is applied to the column at a first time point and all the compounds are eluted within a time period of less than one minute from the first time point. In other preferred embodiments all compounds are eluted within a time period of less than 30 seconds. In other embodiments all compounds are eluted within a time period of less than 20 seconds.
  • the method also includes the step of detecting at least one of the compounds as it elutes from the column. In another embodiment the method includes the step of collecting at least one of the compounds in a distinct fraction as it elutes from the column.
  • the mixture of molecules includes reactants and a substantially pure product of the reactants.
  • the column is less than or equal to 30 mm in length.
  • the column is less than or equal to 15 mm in length in other embodiments.
  • the column has a packing material which has an average diameter of less than 5 microns.
  • the peak production is at least 1 peak/ 1 second.
  • the peak production is at least 1 peak/ 0.5 seconds in other embodiments.
  • the total volume of liquid applied to the column per analysis is less than 15x - 4 - column volumes, preferably less than 8x column volumes.
  • the total volume of liquid may include a cleaning volume having a maximum of 2x column volume.
  • the total volume of liquid may include an equilibration volume having a maximum of lx column volume.
  • the mixture of molecules is a member of a combinatorial library of small organic molecules.
  • the combinatorial library is made by means of parallel synthesis methods and the method is performed for high throughput purification and/or quality control analysis.
  • the column flow rate has a linear velocity of at least 3 mm/sec. In another embodiment the linear velocity is 5 mm/sec.
  • the small organic compounds which elute from the column are typically analyzed by a detection device such as a UN detector.
  • the small organic molecules are analyzed by both a UV detector and a mass spectrometer.
  • the method is a method for analysis of at least one compound in the mixture of compounds. Preferably less than 10 ⁇ g of the mixture of compounds is applied to the column for the analysis. In an embodiment the sample of compounds is not collected for further use after it is eluted from the column.
  • the method is a method for preparative isolation of at least one compound in the mixture of compounds. Preferably between 1 and 100 mg of the mixture of compounds is applied to the column for the analysis. In an embodiment the compounds are collected in separate fractions for further use after they are eluted from the column. Preferably the at least one compound is collected in a fraction having a volume of 2 milliliters or less.
  • the high performance liquid chromatography may be performed at a temperature of greater than 20 °C in one embodiment. In another embodiment the method is performed at a temperature of greater than 50 °C. In a preferred embodiment the method is performed at a temperature of greater than 60 °C.
  • the invention is a rapid high performance liquid chromatography method for the preparative isolation of a concentrated fraction of a small organic compound from a mixture of compounds.
  • the method includes the steps of applying the mixture of compounds to a reverse phase column in a gradient high performance liquid chromatography system, wherein the column has a flow rate of at least 5 column volumes/min, applying a complete gradient to the column in a maximum volume of lOx column volume, causing the small organic compound to elute in a distinct fraction, separate from the other molecules, from the column such that the elution permits resolution with a peak production of at least 1 peak/4 seconds and collecting the small organic compound.
  • the small organic compound in some embodiments is collected in a fraction having a maximum volume of 2 milliliters.
  • the mixture of molecules is a member of a combinatorial library of small organic molecules.
  • the combinatorial library is made by means of parallel synthesis methods and the method is performed for high throughput purification and/or quality control analysis.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the instrumentation to perform the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a graph depicting the composition of the mobile phase during the HPLC analysis in terms of the number of column volumes of eluant applied to the column.
  • Figure 3 is a chromatogram of a test mixture obtained using the method of the present invention with less than 1 minute total analysis time.
  • Figure 4 is a chromatogram of a test mixture obtained using the method of the present invention with less than Vi minute total analysis time.
  • Figure 5 is a comparison of the chromatograms obtained for a sample synthesized by parallel synthesis using a 20 minute, a 1 minute, and a 30 second analysis.
  • Figure 6 is another example of a comparison of the chromatograms obtained for a sample synthesized by parallel synthesis using a 20 minute, a 1 minute, and a 30 second analysis.
  • Figure 7 is a series of chromatograms obtained using the method of the present invention in order to determine peak capacity obtained with various flow rates using a 50x4.6 m, 3 ⁇ m Prontosil C18-SH column: (7 A) flow rate of 2 ml/min; (7B) flow rate of 3 ml/min; and (7C) flow rate of 4 ml/min.
  • Figure 8 is a chromatogram obtained from a preparative isolation of lOmg of each of the - 6 - three standard compounds using a 20 mm x 50 mm column packed with 5 um particles and a flow rate of 80 ml/min.
  • Figure 9 is a chromatogram obtained from a preparative isolation of approximately 5 mg of a mixture prepared by parallel synthesis using the conditions identified in Figure 8.
  • the present invention provides new methods for the separation of small organic molecules using reverse phase HPLC with applications for the analysis and/or preparative isolation of the separated compounds.
  • analytical and preparative HPLC are the same (i.e., separating mixtures into discrete components), traditionally the mode of operation has been different.
  • the goal of analytical HPLC has been focused on obtaining optimum resolution utilizing a minimum amount of material, whereas preparative chromatography has been focused on loading the maximum quantity of material that could satisfactorily be resolved.
  • isolation of a particular component is of interest in preparative chromatography, the eluant is collected after separation. This duality of operation was reasonable when the analysis or preparative isolation was for a small number of compounds, where each analysis could be customized.
  • the sample may or may not be collected. In a preferred embodiment when the analysis method is performed the sample is not collected.
  • the method for analysis involves the step of loading less than 20 ⁇ g, and even more preferably less than 10 ⁇ g, of sample on the column.
  • the method for preparative isolation involves the step of loading less than 100 mg, and even more preferably between 1 and 100 mg, of sample on the column.
  • the new methods of the invention include both analytical and preparative separations and are significantly faster than prior art methods.
  • the methods of the invention are particularly advantageous for separating components in small molecular weight combinatorial libraries as part of the quality control analysis and/or purification often conducted for such libraries.
  • Prior to the invention each sample of certain combinatorial libraries required approximately 5 - 20 minutes for separation by HPLC.
  • the separation time per sample can be reduced to less than one minute. The time reduction significantly increases the number of samples which can be separated per unit time per instrument.
  • the invention reduces the time of separation by a factor of five over prior art methods, enabling the separation of at least five times as many compounds.
  • the methods are more than 10 times faster than the prior art methods.
  • the prior art methods which typically require a total HPLC run time of 10 minutes on fully automated equipment, approximately 2,000 samples can be separated per month.
  • 20,000 samples can be separated in the same time period. The new methods are described in detail below.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the instrumentation useful according to the general method of the invention.
  • Two solvent reservoirs, 12 and 14, housing solvents A and B are pumped by pumps 10 and 10A through tubes 18a and 18b, respectively, into mixing chamber 16.
  • a computer 32 controls the amount of solvent A and B which is pumped into the mixing chamber over time.
  • Solvents A and B are mixed in the mixing chamber to form a homogenous solvent which passes through tube 18c to a high pressure valve 19 and into a column 20 containing a reverse phase packing material referred to as the stationary phase.
  • a plurality of samples are housed within a microtitre plate 24 which rests in an auto injector 22 which is also connected to the switching valve by tubing 18f.
  • the sample in each well of the plate 24 is transported via tubing 18f through the switching valve and then to the column through tubing 18d by automated means.
  • the small organic compounds within the sample adsorb to - 8 - the stationary phase with different affinities based on the hydrophobicity of the compound.
  • the proportion of solvent A and solvent B is shifted with respect to time in order to create a gradient of solvent that is passed over the column.
  • different small organic molecules are eluted from the column and carried to a detection device.
  • the eluant is passed through a detection device such as a UV detector 28 to characterize the compounds within the eluant.
  • the eluant is exposed to multiple detectors such as a UV detector and a mass spectrometer 30. If isolation of a particular component is of interest, the eluant from the UV detector is split into a minor portion that goes to the mass spectrometer via tube 18g and a major portion which is transferred to the fraction collector (31) through tube 18i.
  • the equipment necessary to practice the present invention can be assembled from commercially available devices. Although some of these devices were actually designed for other functions related to HPLC analysis, they can easily be adapted to the functions described herein. For instance the 50 ⁇ l mixing chamber which is shown in a preferred embodiment for mixing eluant in the analytical setup is actually a chamber which is ordinarily used for post column derivitization purposes. Additionally, the other devices which are assembled to produce the equipment are used according to the preferred embodiment of the invention and are adjusted as described in more detail below to produce the equipment useful for practicing the method of the invention.
  • the methods of the invention depend in part upon the discovery that small organic molecules could be analyzed and purified on a complete gradient reverse phase HPLC by minimizing the volume of liquid applied to the column, maximizing the linear flow velocity and compressing the gradient time to produce a peak production of at least 1 peak/2 seconds.
  • manipulating these parameters beyond the levels described in the prior art would significantly decrease the resolution of the peaks eluting off the column to an extent that it would not be possible to obtain discrete separation of a mixture of small organic compounds.
  • combinatorial libraries containing small organic molecules are often separated with gradient reverse phase HPLC using a run time of approximately five to twenty minutes for quality control analysis.
  • the peak capacity divided by the gradient time is defined as the "peak production", and expressed in units of peaks/second.
  • the methods of the invention at least 1 peak/2 seconds can be resolved.
  • Resolution is the ability to distinguish individual compounds eluting from the column.
  • Adequate resolution according to the invention is the ability to resolve 1 peak every 2 seconds. As used herein, this means that the peak width at baseline is on average not more than 2 seconds.
  • a determination of resolution using a measure of baseline peak width is found in L.R. Snyder, J.J. Kirkland, J.L. Glajch, "Practical HPLC Method Development” 2 nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (1997), the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the column used according to the method of the invention is short and wide.
  • the column has a length of less than 30 mm.
  • a shorter column allows for a higher flow rate. With longer columns, flow rate must be reduced in order to minimize the back pressure which is created within the column.
  • a wide column such as a column having an internal diameter of greater than 4 mm, is preferred in order to minimize extra column band broadening associated with other parts of the instrumentation.
  • a column having any width may be used according to the methods of the invention.
  • a preferred width for analytical HPLC is between 4 and 5 mm.
  • a preferred width for preparative isolation is between 20 and 30 mm.
  • the packing material used in the column is a solid support particle with reverse phase - 10 - properties.
  • the packing material has a particle size of less than 5 ⁇ m and more preferably less than 4 ⁇ m.
  • Such packing materials are commercially available and are well known to those of skill in the art. It is possible that improved packing materials will be developed and in such case the preferred particle size may vary depending on the improvement in the materials.
  • the appropriate volume of solvent applied to the column is an important parameter to the method of the invention. Ordinarily, approximately 30 column volumes of solvent is applied to a column in a full gradient HPLC analysis and often more for preparative isolation.
  • the maximum volume used according to the invention is 15 column volumes and preferably 8 column volumes to maximize speed.
  • a graph depicting the maximum volume of liquid applied according to the methods of the invention in units of column volume is presented in Figure 2.
  • the volumes used in prior art methods is presented in parentheses below the volume of the invention. As shown in the figure a complete gradient is applied to the column within 10 column volumes over a time course of 20-40 seconds. Prior art gradients require 15-30 column volumes to achieve a complete gradient.
  • a cleaning cycle of 2 column volumes of 95% acetonitrile or other elution solvent is used to flush any remaining molecules from the column over a time period of approximately 5-10 seconds.
  • the column is then equilibrated within 1 column volume and subjected to initial solvent conditions for one column volume over a total time period of approximately 5-15 seconds.
  • the preferred mixing volume of the solvent is the minimum volume that permits a homogenous mixture of solvent A and solvent B.
  • the minimum volume is achieved by utilizing a small volume mixing chamber and minimum volume of tubing.
  • An appropriate mixing chamber for the analytical embodiment has an internal volume of less than 250 ⁇ l and preferably less than 50 ⁇ l.
  • a static mixing chamber as used herein is a chamber or column packed with beads, usually made of steel or glass. As the solvent moves over the beads, it is subjected to turbulence and caused to be mixed together. It is important that the method of the invention be performed using a complete gradient in order to assure that all components injected on the column have been removed from the column - 11 - prior to the injection of the next sample.
  • a "complete gradient" as used herein is a gradient of solvent which begins with a low percentage of solvent B (solvent B is a non-polar solvent such as acetonitrile) and a high percentage of solvent A (solvent A is the aqueous phase).
  • solvent B is a non-polar solvent such as acetonitrile
  • solvent A is the aqueous phase
  • a low percentage of solvent B is preferably below 20%.
  • the percentage of solvent A and B is shifted with time to produce a high percentage of solvent B and a low percentage of solvent A.
  • a high percentage of solvent B is preferably above 70%.
  • the flow rate and the mixing volume dictate the time for the two solvents to reach the HPLC column, which in our analytical system is much less than 0.1 minutes. Using a 50 ⁇ l mixing chamber, minimal tubing, and a flow rate of 3-5 ml/min the movement of the solvent from the pumps to the column would be complete in 2 - 6 seconds.
  • Another important parameter is the linear flow velocity, the velocity with which the solvent moves through the column. The linear flow velocity is dependent on the flow rate and the internal diameter of the column. Preferably the linear velocity is greater than 3 mm/sec.
  • thermoelectric An additional parameter that can be used to increase peak capacity is temperature.
  • temperature As demonstrated in the examples below, when the temperature of the sample through the continuous liquid path is increased over 20 °C, the peak capacity is significantly increased.
  • the methods performed under high temperatures provide significant increases in peak capacity.
  • the temperature may be a temperature greater than or equal to 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C or 60 °C.
  • the mixture of compounds can include a number of small organic compounds of unknown composition having variations in hydrophobicity.
  • the method of the invention has the capability to resolve at least 30 compounds that exhibit different hydrophobicity characteristics, as identified by the gradient composition at which each compound elutes, in one minute or less. Under conditions in which the resolution power of the method results in a peak production of 1 peak/1 second, the method of the invention has the ability to resolve approximately 60 such - 12 - compounds in one minute.
  • the mixture of compounds includes much less than the maximum number of compounds capable of being resolved by the system.
  • a preferred mixture of compounds includes reactants and a substantially pure product of the reactants.
  • a mixture of compounds containing a "substantially pure product of the reactants" as used herein is a mixture containing primarily the intended product, a small amount of unreacted starting materials, as well as a few (preferably less than 5) side products in significantly lower quantity than the intended product.
  • Such a mixture is achieved by using reactants which are only capable of producing a limited number of products under the given reaction conditions.
  • the mixture of compounds is one derived from the preparation of a combinatorial library.
  • a "combinatorial library of small organic compounds” is a collection of closely related analogs that differ from each other in one or more points of diversity and are synthesized by organic techniques using multi-step processes. Combinatorial libraries include a vast number of small organic compounds, some of which may have important biological activity.
  • One type of combinatorial library, which is preferred according to the invention, is prepared by means of parallel synthesis methods to produce a compound array.
  • a "compound array” as used herein is a collection of compounds identifiable by their spatial addresses in Cartesian coordinates and arranged such that each compound has a common molecular core and one or more variable structural diversity elements. The compounds in such a compound array are produced in parallel in separate reaction vessels, with each compound identified and tracked by its spatial address.
  • the method of the invention can be used to analyze the extent of reaction and/or isolate the components.
  • Examples of parallel synthesis mixtures and parallel synthesis methods are provided in U.S.S.N. 08/177,497, filed January 5, 1994 and its corresponding PCT published patent application W095/18972, published July 13, 1995 and U.S. Patent No. 5,712,171 granted January 27, 1998 and its corresponding PCT published patent application W096/22529, which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • each mixture of compounds represents a separate sample that is injected onto an HPLC column. As shown in Figure 1 each sample is held within a well of a microtitre plate 24 in an autosampler 22. The - 13 - samples are loaded and injected manually or automatically using equipment controlled by a computer 32. The automatic loading and injection of the samples is preferred because it enables the continuous loading of samples at a rate which will not limit the overall process of analysis. Prior to loading the sample on the column the column is conditioned by flowing through it the intended mobile phase.
  • the column is packed with a non-polar stationary phase on solid support particles, and can be obtained from a variety of commercial sources.
  • HPLC columns can be obtained from a variety of commercial sources such as MACMOD (Chaddsford, PA).
  • a gradient is applied to the column immediately after the injection of the sample in order to elute the compounds bound therein in distinct fractions.
  • a gradient HPLC system includes two reservoirs, 12 and 14, each containing a different polarity solvent which are pumped through a mixing chamber 16 and over the column 20 by means of a pump.
  • solvent flow is maintained by a non-pulsating HPLC pump such as that available as part of a Shimadzu (Columbia, MD) HPLC system.
  • a full gradient from 15% to 95% of acetonitrile is then applied to the column.
  • Solvents typically used for gradients in reversed phase HPLC generally include acetonitrile, methanol, isopropanol and propanol. Modifiers are typically added to the mobile phase, primarily to buffer the pH to a certain narrow range, and include a variety of acids and bases such as phosphoric acid, perfluorinated carboxylic acids and amines.
  • HPLC compatible detector is used to detect the presence of small organic compounds as they are eluted from the column.
  • a compatible detector is one which is capable of detecting a signal from a compound in an eluant and which produces a signal to indicate the presence of that compound.
  • the detector should allow data acquisition at a rate of greater than 10 points per second and preferably greater than 20 points per second.
  • HPLC compatible detectors include, - 14 - but are not limited to, fluorescent, electrochemical, IR, NMR, chemiluminescent, UV and mass spectrometry.
  • the HPLC compatible detector is a UV detector 28, since commercially available UV detectors are capable of achieving the required data acquisition rate when the settings are adjusted to achieve maximal values.
  • UV detectors are generally applicable to a large and diverse number of chemical classes and a large variety of mobile phases.
  • the HPLC compatible detector is both a UV detector 28 and a mass spectrometer 30.
  • the use of both a UV detector and a mass spectrometer is preferred because it allows the methods of the invention to achieve, both purity (by UV) and structural (by MS) information for each separated and detected component being eluted from the column.
  • the mass spectrometer can be used as a high specificity multi-dimensional detector to provide general information on a class of compounds or specific information on a particular compound.
  • the method may be used for analysis, such as quality control analysis and/or for preparative isolation of at least one component of a mixture of compounds.
  • one or more compounds may be collected after separation on the column in distinct fractions.
  • the HPLC compatible detector is used to identify the presence of a compound in each fraction and the fractions are separated into an acceptable container such as a tube or a well of a microtitre plate.
  • the invention is a rapid high performance liquid chromatography method for the preparative isolation of a concentrated fraction of a small organic compound from a mixture of compounds.
  • the method in this aspect of the invention differs, however, from the above method in that the separation of molecules is performed only for the purpose of separating compounds in a mixture into distinct fractions and the compounds are collected for future analysis or use.
  • the method is performed as described above except that the elution permits resolution with a peak production of at least 1 peak/4 seconds. In some embodiments the elution permits resolution with a peak production of at least 1 peak/2 seconds.
  • the compounds are collected in fractions having a volume of 2 milliliters or less.
  • the methods of the invention accomplish the separation of compounds in such a short time that the total volume that each compound elutes in 2 milliliters or less. This is advantageous because the compound of interest is present in a fairly concentrated form as opposed to the prior art methods where the compound of interest is often eluted in a minimum volume of 4 milliliters.
  • Injection was performed in the partially filled loop mode, injecting between 1 and 5 ul in a 50 ul loop. Connections between injector, column and detector were made with 0.007" tubing and the length kept at a minimum to prevent extra column band broadening. The original flow-cell of the UV detector was replaced with a semi-micro version, having a path length of 5 mm and a smaller total volume of 2.5 ul. The detector response was set to 1 to allow for detection of rapidly eluting, narrow peaks. Data acquisition was performed by the Chromperfect software from Justice Innovations (Palo Alto, CA) at a rate of 20 points/second.
  • test mixture was first analyzed with a column packed with reverse phase silica having 3.5 ⁇ m particle size, at a flow rate of 3 ml/min in addition to each of the above conditions.
  • the compounds were eluted with a gradient of 15-95% acetonitrile applied to the column in 0.7 min with 10 second hold and 5 second equilibration time.
  • the results are shown in Figure 3.
  • Three major peaks, representing each of the three components of the test mixture were resolved in less than 1 minute. Based on the baseline peak width of the middle peak, approximately 60 compounds with varying hydrophobicities could be baseline resolved with this method.
  • Example 2 Gradient Reverse Phase HPLC Analysis of Combinatorial Library Samples Obtained by Parallel Synthesis- One sample from two different combinatorial libraries prepared by parallel synthesis by methods such as those disclosed in U.S.S.N. 08/177,497, filed January 5, 1994 and its corresponding PCT published patent application W095/18972, published July 13, 1995 and U.S. Patent No. 5,712,171 granted January 27, 1998 and its corresponding PCT published patent application W096/22529 were chosen for analysis using the methods described in Example 1. The results for sample A1990702D9 analyzed using a traditional 20 minute analysis are compared to those obtained from the 1 minute and 30 second analysis in Figure 5.
  • the 20 minute method used a Zorbax SB-C8 (150 x 4.6 mm) packed with 5 ⁇ m particles and a full gradient (15% - 95% solvent B) at 15 ml/min. Although the peak capacity is less for the shorter analyses, the resolution is more than adequate to determine purity, even in such a complex sample which would be the worst case scenario. Similarly, the results for sample AQ130QC48H5 using the 20 minute, 1 minute and 30 second analyses are given in Figure 6. Once again, the 1 minute method provides the same purity information as the longer 20 minute analysis. Moreover, the 30 second analysis provides similar information. Although the small peak between the two major ones is partially merged with the major component, there is still adequate resolution to indicate the presence of the minor component.
  • Example 3 Effect of Flow Rate on the Rapid Gradient Reverse Phase HPLC Analysis of the Invention.
  • Example 4 Gradient Reverse Phase Preparative HPLC Analysis of Standard Mixture of Small Organic Molecules- Equipment: Preparative separations were performed with a system of two Rainin Dynamax SD-1 pumps (Woburn, MA), a Gilson-215 (Madison, Wl) configured as both an autosampler and fraction collector, a Shimadzu (Colombia, MD) SPD-10A UV detector with a preparative cell. Injection was performed in the partially filled loop mode injecting 250 ul in a 5 ml loop. Detection was at 254 nm and the detector response was set to 1 to allow for detection of rapidly eluting, narrow peaks. Data acquisition was performed by Unipoint software from Gilson (Madison, Wl).
  • the standard test mixture of acetamidophenol, 2-hydroxydibenzofuran, and t- butylphenoxybenzaldehyde was prepared at 40 mg/ml of each component in DMSO. The mixture was then subjected to preparative HPLC analysis. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 80 ml/min and the compounds were eluted with a gradient of 10%-95% acetonitrile applied to the column in 1 minute with a 20 second hold and a 40 second equilibration time. The fraction collector was set to collect the second and third peak. The results are shown in Figure 8. Based on the baseline peak width, approximately 30 compounds with varying hydrophobicities could be resolved and collected with this method.
  • Example 5 Gradient Reverse Phase Preparative HPLC Analysis of a Combinatorial Library Sample.
  • One sample from a combinatorial library prepared by parallel synthesis by methods such as those disclosed in U.S.S.N. 08/177,497, filed January 5, 1994 and its corresponding PCT - 19 published patent application W095/18972, published July 13, 1995 and U.S. Patent No. 5,712,171 granted January 27, 1998 and its corresponding PCT published patent application W096/22529 were chosen for analysis using the method described in Example 4. However, the detection was at 217 nm and 400 ul of a 30mM solution of the sample was injected. The fraction collector was set to collect the expected product peak, which was identified as the last peak in the chromatogram. The results of sample A1990703D9 are shown in Figure 9.
  • Example 6 Effects of Temperature on Rapid Gradiant Reverse Phase HPLC Analysis.
  • the method was performed using various temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 60 °C under conditions such as different flow rates.
  • the data is presented in Table I.
  • the peak capacity increases significantly when the temperature is raised from 20 to 60 °C and this increase in peak capacity is even more pronounced when the system is run at high flow rates.
  • the peak capacity of a sample run on a 30mm column at 4ml/min using a 1 minute method with a 0.75 minute gradient increased from 44 at 25 °C to 55 at 60 °C. This correlates to a 25% increased based on a corresponding decrease in peak width.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une méthode rapide de séparation de petits composés organiques utilisant la chromatographie liquide haute performance (CLHP) en phase inversée de gradient. La durée d'exécution de cette méthode est d'une minute ou moins, sa résolution s'exprimant par une production crête d'au moins 1 crête/2 secondes. On peut par ailleurs utiliser cette méthode pour séparer un composé d'un mélange de composés dans un échantillon d'élution présentant un volume de 2 millilitres ou moins.
PCT/US1999/002371 1998-02-03 1999-02-03 Methode rapide de separation de petites molecules utilisant la chromatographie liquide haute performance en phase inversee WO1999039195A1 (fr)

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CA002318143A CA2318143A1 (fr) 1998-02-03 1999-02-03 Methode rapide de separation de petites molecules utilisant la chromatographie liquide haute performance en phase inversee
AU25809/99A AU744950B2 (en) 1998-02-03 1999-02-03 Rapid method for separation of small molecules using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography
EP99905709A EP1053464A1 (fr) 1998-02-03 1999-02-03 Methode rapide de separation de petites molecules utilisant la chromatographie liquide haute performance en phase inversee
US09/600,686 US6497820B1 (en) 1998-02-03 1999-02-03 Rapid method for separation of small molecules using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography
JP2000529598A JP2002502031A (ja) 1998-02-03 1999-02-03 逆相高速液体クロマトグラフィーを使用して小分子を分離する迅速方法

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US09/028,401 US5968361A (en) 1998-02-24 1998-02-24 Rapid method for separation of small molecules using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography

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US6372142B1 (en) 1996-11-13 2002-04-16 Transgenomic, Inc. Column for DNA separation by matched ion polynucleotide chromatography
WO2005044798A1 (fr) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-19 Mallinckrodt Inc. Procede industriel pour separer et purifier du fentanyle par chromatographie preparative a phase inverse

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US20090294344A1 (en) * 2004-07-13 2009-12-03 Waters Investments Limited Fluid mixer assembly

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6372142B1 (en) 1996-11-13 2002-04-16 Transgenomic, Inc. Column for DNA separation by matched ion polynucleotide chromatography
US6652745B2 (en) 1996-11-13 2003-11-25 Transgenomic, Inc. Column for DNA separation by matched ion polynucleotide chromatography
WO2005044798A1 (fr) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-19 Mallinckrodt Inc. Procede industriel pour separer et purifier du fentanyle par chromatographie preparative a phase inverse
AU2004287815B2 (en) * 2003-10-29 2009-05-28 Mallinckrodt Inc. Industrial method for separation and purification of fentanyl by reverse phase preparative chromatography

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