WO1999036561A1 - Utilisation d'une sequence riche en proline pour augmenter le caractere fusogenique d'enveloppes de retrovirus - Google Patents
Utilisation d'une sequence riche en proline pour augmenter le caractere fusogenique d'enveloppes de retrovirus Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999036561A1 WO1999036561A1 PCT/FR1999/000016 FR9900016W WO9936561A1 WO 1999036561 A1 WO1999036561 A1 WO 1999036561A1 FR 9900016 W FR9900016 W FR 9900016W WO 9936561 A1 WO9936561 A1 WO 9936561A1
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- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/13011—Gammaretrovirus, e.g. murine leukeamia virus
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- C12N2740/00011—Details
- C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
- C12N2740/13011—Gammaretrovirus, e.g. murine leukeamia virus
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Definitions
- the subject of the invention is the use of a proline-rich sequence to increase the fusogenic character of retrovirus envelopes.
- a retrovirus The entry of a retrovirus into a target cell depends on the recognition of a specific surface protein, called a receptor, by the surface subunit (SU) of the viral envelope, followed by the fusion of membranes which is mediated. by the fusion peptide located at the amino terminal end of the transmembrane sub-unit (TM) (29). Both a pH-dependent pathway and an independent pathway have been described for retroviruses (13), but the determinants and process involved in activation of fusion following recognition of the receiver remain unknown. The identification of these stages is essential for understanding the mechanism which modulates infection as well as gene transfer by retroviruses.
- SU surface subunit
- TM transmembrane sub-unit
- the retroviral envelope glycoproteins which assemble in trimer are a complex comprising a surface subunit (SU) and a transmembrane component (TM) (10).
- SU surface subunit
- TM transmembrane component
- the initial interactions of this glycoprotein with the cellular receptor (s) lead to conformational rearrangements of the envelope necessary for the exposure of the fusion peptide (30).
- the determinants of the envelope and the sequence of events causing these conformational changes are well detailed for orthomyxoviruses that require the acidic environment of endocytosis vesicles for their entry (24).
- amphotropic envelope receptor Pit-2 for murine leukemia viruses 14, 28
- the functional receptors for ecotropic envelopes are limited to rat and mouse cells ( 19).
- the recognition of one or the other of these receptors influences the fusion efficiency, but the ecotropic envelope induces cell-cell fusion and syncytia formation more easily, as tested with XC rat cells, than amphotropic envelopes (17).
- the structural domains shared by the Moloney ecotropic envelope (MoMLV) and the amphotropic envelope (MLV-4070A) include: (i) an amino-terminal receptor binding domain (denoted BD) of approximately 200 amino acids (aa ) (3, 7); (ii) the proline-rich region from 45 to 59 a.a long, identified by PRO in the chimeric constructions described below (27); (iii) a carboxy-terminal sequence of SU (denoted C) of 160 a.a. involved in the interaction with TM; (iv) an ectodomain of the 134 a.a.
- TM designated herein by TM, carrying a potential amino-terminal fusion peptide identified by sequence analogy to the fusion peptides of other envelope proteins of enveloped viruses (11); (v) a membrane anchoring peptide of 28 a.a. and (vi) a cytoplasmic tail containing the small carboxy-terminal peptide R whose late cleavage in virions, increases the fusogenicity of the envelope (20). While the amino-terminal BD and PRR domains of the ecotropic and amphotropic envelope share only 33% and 43% a.a. of homology, respectively, all the other domains have more than 80% similarity (Fig. 1A).
- One of the objects of the invention is to provide proline-rich sequences which increase the fusogenic character of retrovirus envelopes.
- One of the objects of the invention is to provide chimeric or mutated proteins whose fusogenic character is improved.
- the subject of the invention is the use of a proline-rich sequence for improving the fusogenic character of a protein comprising a retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an amphotropic MLV or a retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV 10A1 or a retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a GALV or a retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a xenotropic MLV or a retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV MCF or a retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a FeLV, which sequence is rich in proline corresponds to: - either the proline-rich sequence of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an amphotropic MLV, or . of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV MCF,. of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV 1OA1, of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a GALV, or of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a xenotropic MLV, or
- retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an FeLV and comprises at least one mutation such that there is suppression of at least one ⁇ -turn in the polyproline helix of the proline-rich sequence
- the proline-rich region is probably organized into a poly-proline helix, a secondary structure made up of "beta-turns" which are folds of the peptide chain by 180 °, most often including a proline.
- These curvatures are arranged differently between the PRO regions (proline-rich region) of the ecotropic and amphotropic envelopes.
- the latter contains 11 regularly arranged "beta-turns", including 4 in its N-terminal end and 7 in its C-terminal end.
- the PRO region of the ecotropic envelope contains only 7 beta-turns, of which only 2 are at its N-terminal end.
- proline is advantageously replaced by isoleucine, valine or alanine.
- strain MLF MCF 247 As suitable strains of MLV MCF, mention may be made of the strain MLF MCF 247 (9).
- the expression “improving the fusogenic character” means that the "improved" retroviral envelope of the invention has a measurable capacity, relative to the parental envelope, to better accomplish the post-binding stages of the viral entry process and consisting ultimately of the molecular fusion of viral and cellular membranes.
- the proline-rich sequence of a retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an ecotropic MLV is that shown in FIG. 7.
- the proline-rich sequence of a glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of an amphotropic MLV is that represented in FIG. 8.
- the proline-rich sequence of a glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of an MLV MCF is that represented in FIG. Figure 9.
- the proline-rich sequence of a glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of a GALV is that shown in FIG. 10.
- the proline-rich sequence of a glycovote from the retroviral envelope of an MLV 10A1 is that shown in FIG. 11.
- the proline-rich sequence of a glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of a xenotropic MLV is that shown in FIG. 12.
- proline-rich sequence of a glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of an FeLV is that represented in FIG. 13.
- proline-rich sequence of a retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an ecotropic MLV is also meant that comprising mutations, deletion or addition of amino acids such that there is no modification of the sequence of ⁇ -burn
- the invention relates to the use as defined above of a proline-rich sequence in association with a functional domain of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV ecotrope chosen from: the binding domain, the C domain, or the domain of the transmembrane subunit.
- the term “functional domain” means any polypeptide sequence that is structurally individualized and capable of performing a determined biological function.
- binding domain is defined the functional domain carried by the N-terminal part of the SU subunit of the MLV retroviral envelope and capable of binding to the retroviral receptor. It is shown in Figure 6 as extending from position 31 to 237 of the peptide sequence of the amphotropic envelope glycoprotein MLV.
- domain C we define the functional domain carried by the C-terminal part of the SU subunit of the MLV retroviral envelope and capable of interacting with the TM subunit. It is shown in Figure 6 as extending from position 300 to 458 of the peptide sequence of the amphotropic envelope glycoprotein MLV.
- TM domain we define the domain carried by the ectodomain of the TM subunit of the MLV retroviral envelope and capable of interacting with the SU subunit and of achieving fusion between viral and cellular membranes during of the retroviral entry process. It is shown in Figure 6 as extending from position 459 to 592 of the peptide sequence of the amphotropic envelope glycoprotein MLV.
- the binding domain, the C domain, or the domain of the transmembrane subunit can be modified so as to alter their functional capacities with a view to: - interacting with other molecules, such as surface molecules
- the invention relates in particular to the use as defined above, of a proline-rich sequence corresponding to the proline-rich sequence of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an ecotropic MLV, in association with a functional domain of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an ecotropic MLV chosen from: the binding domain, the C domain, or the domain of the transmembrane subunit.
- the invention relates to the use of a proline-rich sequence for improving the fusogenic character of a protein comprising a glycovote of retroviral envelope of an MLV, which proline-rich sequence corresponds to:
- retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an amphotropic MLV comprises at least one mutation such that there is suppression of at least one ⁇ -turn in the polyproline helix of the proline-rich sequence
- the invention also relates, as a new product, to a proline-rich sequence in which the amino acid sequence and the secondary structure correspond to that of the proline-rich sequence of the envelope glycoprotein of an amphotropic MLV or of the MLV 10 A1 retroviral envelope glycoprotein or MLV MCF retroviral envelope glycoprotein or GALV retroviral envelope glycoprotein or xenotropic MLV retroviral envelope glycoprotein or of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an FeLV, and comprising at least one mutation on the side of the C-terminal part such that there is suppression of at least 1 ⁇ -turn in the polyproline helix of the rich sequence in proline.
- the “C-terminal part” defines the amino acid sequence corresponding to the second half of the proline-rich region.
- the invention also relates to a proline-rich sequence in which the amino acid sequence and the secondary structure correspond to that of the proline-rich sequence of the envelope glycoprotein of an MLV.
- N-terminal such that there is suppression of at least 1 ⁇ -turn in the polyproline helix of the proline-rich sequence.
- the “N-terminal part” defines the amino acid sequence corresponding to the first half of the proline-rich region.
- the invention also relates to the mutated proteins containing a proline-rich sequence and in the chain of which the proline-rich sequence is mutated so that there is suppression of at least one ⁇ -turn.
- the invention relates to a mutated protein corresponding to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an amphotropic MLV or to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV 10A1 or to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV MCF or to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a GALV or to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a xenotropic MLV or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a FeLV, in which the proline-rich domain contains at least one mutation such that 'there is suppression of at least one ⁇ -turn in the polyproline helix of the proline-rich sequence.
- This mutated protein has, with respect to the corresponding non-mutated protein, the property of more easily inducing the formation of syncytia or better infecting the cells expressing a limiting amount of retroviral receptors, relative to the parental envelope from which it is derived.
- the invention also relates to the chimeric proteins containing a proline-rich sequence in the chain of which the proline-rich sequence is replaced by the proline-rich sequence homologous to the retroviral glycoprotein of an ecotropic MLV. More specifically, the invention relates to a chimeric protein corresponding to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an amphotropic MLV or to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV 10A1 or to the glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of a MLV MCF or to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a GALV or to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a xenotropic MLV or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a FeLV, in which the domain rich in proline is replaced by the proline rich domain of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an ecotropic MLV.
- This chimeric protein has, relative to the corresponding protein of origin, the property of more easily inducing the formation of syncytia or better infecting the cells expressing a limiting quantity of retroviral receptors, relative to the parental envelope from which it is derived.
- the invention relates to a chimeric protein corresponding to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a
- Amphotropic MLV or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV 10A1 or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV MCF or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a GALV or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a xenotropic MLV or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an FeLV in which:
- proline-rich domain is replaced by the proline-rich domain of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an ecotropic MLV
- This chimeric protein has the property of inducing more easily the formation of syncytia or of better infecting the cells expressing a limiting quantity of retroviral receptors, relative to the parental envelope from which it is derived.
- the invention relates to a chimeric protein corresponding to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a Amphotropic MLV or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV 10A1 or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an MLV MCF or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a GALV or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of a xenotropic MLV or the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of an FeLV, in which:
- the proline-rich domain comprises at least one mutation such that there is suppression of at least one ⁇ -turn (in the polyproline helix of the proline-rich sequence),
- This chimeric protein has the property of inducing more easily the formation of syncytia or of better infecting the cells expressing a limiting quantity of retroviral receptors, relative to the parental envelope from which it is derived.
- One of these tests is the formation of syncytia between target cells and cell lines previously transfected with an expression vector for one of the above chimeric or mutated proteins of the invention (and capable of recognizing a retroviral receptor located on said target cells).
- target cells cells from SCI mice, Mus Duni, human TE671 cells, as well as rat XC cells can be used.
- the cell lines used may or may not produce particles
- Gag-Pol from MLV.
- the cell lines may or may not produce Gal-Pol particles of MLV or of other mammalian type C retroviruses, in particular the Moloney MLV virus or of other retroviruses such as lentiviruses, for example HIV-1.
- Another test for characterizing mutated or chimeric proteins of the invention consists in infecting target cells expressing a retroviral receptor capable of being recognized by a chimeric or mutated protein of the invention, via viral particles containing these proteins chimeras or mutated.
- the XC and XC-A-ST rat cells can be used, the latter being derived from XC cells by transfection of a plasmid expressing the binding domain of the amphotropic retroviral envelope capable of occupying the retroviral receptor amphotropic.
- viral particles there may be used those produced by MLV retroviruses or other mammalian type C retroviruses, in particular Moloney MLV virus or other retroviruses such as lentiviruses, for example HIV-1.
- This infection is carried out under limiting conditions, that is to say such that the density of the receptor (that is to say the number of receptors available on the cell surface allowing the attachment of the viral particle) decreases by at least 100 times the infectious titer of virus comprising an envelope mutated or chimeric glycoprotein and by less than 100 times the infectious titer of virus comprising a mutated or chimeric envelope of the invention corresponding to the said envelope neither mutated, nor chimera.
- the comparison is made with respect to the infectious titre of viruses comprising a non-chimeric and non-mutated envelope or a chimeric or mutated envelope on target cells such as XC cells.
- This infection is comparatively carried out on two cell types, the second being directly derived from the first and has the effect of reducing the number of retroviral receptors available, that is to say such that the decrease in the surface expression of the receptor decreases by at least 100 times the infectious titre of the virus containing the parental envelope, neither mutated nor chimeric.
- the A 2 sequence involves the suppression of the second ⁇ -turn which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope in syncytia test.
- the A 3 sequence involves the suppression of the third ⁇ -turn which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope in the syncytia test.
- the A 3 Mo sequence involves the suppression of the third ⁇ -turn which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope in infection test. as defined above.
- the sequence A 4 involves the suppression of the fourth ⁇ -turn which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope in infection test such as defined above.
- the sequence A 4 involves the suppression of the fourth ⁇ -turn which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope in infection test such as defined above.
- Amphotropic MLV the C 2 sequence includes the deletion of ⁇ -turns 9 to 13 which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope in infection test as defined above.
- the C 3 sequence involves the deletion of ⁇ -turns 11 to 13 which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope in test for infection as defined above.
- the C 4 sequence includes the deletion of the last ⁇ -turn (13 °) which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope under test. infection as defined above.
- the C 5 sequence includes the deletion of the 11 ° and 12 ° ⁇ -turns which has the effect of being more fusogenic than the parental envelope under test. infection as defined above.
- Advantageous chimeric proteins according to the invention correspond to one of the following sequences:
- the PROMO sequence corresponds to the amphotropic MLV sequence in which the proline-rich region is replaced by the proline-rich region homologous to the ecotropic MLV (Moloney strain).
- the PRO FR sequence corresponds to the amphotropic MLV sequence in which the proline-rich region is replaced by the proline-rich region homologous to the ecotropic MLV (Friend strain).
- the BD PRO MO sequence corresponds to the amphotropic MLV sequence in which the proline-rich region is replaced by the proline-rich region homologous to the ecotropic MLV and in which the binding domain has been replaced by the homologous binding domain of the ecotropic MLV .
- the PRO CMO sequence corresponds to the amphotropic MLV sequence in which the proline-rich region is replaced by the proline-rich region homologous to the ecotropic MLV and in which the C domain has been replaced by the C domain homologous to the ecotropic MLV.
- the PRO TM MO sequence corresponds to the amphotropic MLV sequence in which the proline-rich region is replaced by the proline-rich region homologous to the ecotropic MLV and in which the TM domain has been replaced by the TM domain homologous to the ecotropic MLV.
- the PRO CTM MO sequence corresponds to the amphotropic MLV sequence in which the proline-rich region is replaced by the proline-rich region homologous to the ecotropic MLV and in which the respective C and TM domains have been replaced by the C and TM domains respectively. counterparts of the ecotropic MLV.
- Advantageous chimeric proteins according to the invention comprise one of the proline-rich sequences corresponding to one of the following sequences: A 2 A 3 A 3 Mo
- PRR proline-rich region
- MMV murine leukemia viruses
- BD, PRO, C and TM are exchanged with their counterpart of the ecotropic envelope (Fig 1B).
- the resulting envelopes are then identified according to the substituted ecotropic domain (s).
- Cell-to-cell fusion is evaluated by the formation of syncytia after a 24-hour coculture between different target cells (indicator cells) and cell lines, whether or not producing Gag-Pol particles of MLV (5), previously transfected with one either of the envelopes.
- the level of expression on the cell surface of the parental envelopes and chimeras are similar (Fig. 4A)
- two different cell-cell fusion phenotypes are observed.
- the CMO and TMMO envelopes like the wild MLV -4070 A envelope, weakly induce syncytia.
- the BDMO, PROMO and PROFR envelopes strongly induce the formation of syncytia, similar to those induced by the ecotropic envelope.
- Proline proline-induced "beta-turn” is less entangled in the part amino-terminal than in the carboxy-terminal end. So each of the four
- the potential "beta-turn" of the 4070A envelope could be removed individually by substitution of a proline with a valine, an alanine or an isoleucine, giving the mutants Al, A2, A3, A3MO and A4 (Fig. 3C).
- a second amino acid was substituted in the mutants A2 and A3 in order to avoid the formation of a potential alpha helix or beta sheet, originally absent in the PRR structure predictions of MLV
- Envelopes A1 and A4 for which the first or fourth amino terminal "beta-turn” respectively have been mutated, retain a regular repeat of three contiguous "beta-turn” and do not induce increased syncytia formation (Table 1).
- the A2 and A3 envelopes in which the continuity of these "beta-turn" is interrupted are very fusogenic (Table 1), thus demonstrating the critical importance of the adjoining "beta-turn" of PRR in the "mediation" of the fusion following the recognition of the receptor.
- cell-virus fusion was examined by comparing the infectivity of virions carrying the parental or chimeric envelope.
- the titers are equivalent on the XC rat (Table 1), mouse, human and CHO cells transfected with the Pit-2 receptor expression gene.
- the highly fusogenic PROMO and PROFR chimeras, as well as the point mutants A2 and A3 led to undetectable or significantly reduced titers on all the cells tested.
- the other envelopes confer titers in a range of 10e6-10e7 infectious units per ml (ui / ml) on the XC cells, similar to those obtained with the two parental envelopes 4070 A and MO.
- PRR seems to play a critical role in the SU / TM association and the conformation of the envelope.
- BD as for the BDPROMO envelope (Fig. 1C), increases the stability, as estimated with the loss of SU (not shown) (Fig. 1).
- PRR is a key determinant of changes in the conformation of the envelope and of membrane fusion.
- retroviral vectors derived from type C retroviruses, mammals or lentiviruses comprising: . mutated or chimeric envelope glycoproteins as described in the invention
- mutated or chimeric envelope glycoproteins as described in the invention as well as a peptide or a protein domain capable of redirecting the binding of the retroviral vector to a specific molecular target.
- Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D Schematic representation of the chimeric envelopes and their properties.
- Fig. 1A The empty boxes are sequences derived from the amphotropic MLV, the filled boxes are sequences from the Moloney ecotropic MLV (black) or the Ecotropic MLV from Friend (gray) and the hatched boxes are sequences common to these two MLVs.
- BD receptor binding domain
- PRO proline-rich region
- TM SU terminal carboxy domain
- TM ectodomain
- anchoring domain of the TM sub-unit.
- percentage of identity as well as the first four N-terminal amino acids, are indicated.
- a premature stop codon (vertical arrow) is introduced into the cytoplasmic tail of the TM subunit of amphotropic MLV to generate the fusogenic ARless fusogenic envelope glycoprotein.
- Fig. 1B Simple substitution mutants.
- Fig. 1 C The substitution mutants combined.
- Fig. 1D The results of cell-cell fusion tests: (-), absence of syncytia; (+), presence of syncytia only in a coculture with XC cells; (+ +), presence of syncytia both in a coculture with rat cells
- TE671 cells transfected with the expression vectors of the chimeric envelope glycoproteins indicated are cocultivated with XC indicator cells for 24 hours. Magnification x250.
- Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D Mutagenesis of the region rich in amphotropic proline 4070A.
- Fig. 3 A Alignment of the PRR of the MLV of Moloney (Mo), of Friend (Fr) and 4070A (A).
- Fig. 3B Point mutants (amino acids in small bold type) or deletion (dashes) of the C-terminal end of the PRR of MLV 4070A.
- Fig. 3C Point mutants of the C-terminal end of the PRR of MLV 4070A. Amino acids changed or inserted are highlighted in small bold type.
- Fig. 3D, 3E, 3F, 3G Probability profiles of the beta-turn of the PRRs of MLV 4070 A (4070A), Moloney (Moloney) and point mutants of the PRR of MLV 4070A including the second (A2) or third ( A3) beta turn has been removed.
- the y-axis values represent the probability of beta-turn p (turn) * 10e-4 for each residue of the peptide (on the x-axis).
- the beta-mrn analysis was carried out using PC / Gene software (Version 6.26, IntelliGenetics, Belgium).
- Fig. 4 Immunoblots of amphotropic envelope glycoproteins whose fusogenicity is increased.
- the cells were transfected with the envelopes indicated in FIGS. 1 and 3 and the expression of their SU and of their envelope precursor (PR) is estimated (cell lysates).
- PR envelope precursor
- the instability of the envelope is shown by the decreased surface expression of the SU relative to the PR (membrane preparations), its release of the SU (shedding) increased in the culture medium (supernatant) and in the virions. Protein transfers (western blots) were revealed with the antibodies indicated.
- Fig. 5 it represents the sequence of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein of ecotropic MLV (BD, PRO, C and TM domain) (Moloney strain).
- Fig. 6 it represents the sequence of the amphotropic MLV retroviral envelope glycoprotein (BD, PRO, C and TM domain) (strain 4070 A).
- Fig. 7 it represents the proline-rich region of the glycovote of the retroviral envelope of Mo MLV (Moloney MLV).
- Fig. 8 it represents the proline-rich region of the glycovote of the retroviral envelope of MLV-4070A.
- Fig. 9 it represents the proline-rich region of the glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of MLV-MCF (strain 247).
- Fig. 10 it represents the proline-rich region of the glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of GALV, strain Seato.
- Fig. 11 it represents the proline-rich region of the glycovote of the retroviral envelope of MLV 10A1.
- Fig. 12 it represents the proline-rich region of the glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of xenotropic MLV, strain NZB.1.V6.
- Fig. 13 it represents the proline-rich region of the glycoprotein of the retroviral envelope of FeLV A.
- Fig. 14 it represents the sequence of A 2 .
- Fig. 15 it represents the sequence of A 3 .
- Fig. 16 it represents the sequence of A 3 Mo.
- Fig. 17 it represents the sequence of A 4 .
- Fig. 18 it represents the sequence of C 2 .
- Fig. 19 it represents the sequence of C 3 .
- Fig. 20 it represents the sequence of C 4 .
- Fig. 21 it represents the sequence of C 5 .
- Fig. 22 it represents the sequence of PROMO.
- Fig. 23 it represents the sequence of PRO FR.
- Fig. 24 it represents the BD PRO CMO sequence.
- Fig. 25 it represents the sequence of PRO CMO.
- Fig. 26 it represents the sequence of PRO CTM MO.
- Fig. 27 it represents the sequence of PRO TM MO.
- envelope melt index was expressed on the surface XC XC-A-ST
- NS syncytia containing more than 20 nuclei
- S number of syncytia
- T total number of nuclei
- b untransfected cells.
- c syncytia containing more than 20 nuclei
- d syncytia containing less than 4 nuclei
- e syncytia containing more than 40 nuclei with XC cells and less than 10 nuclei with XC A-ST cells.
- TELacZ cells contain the retroviral vector MFGnlsLacZ (25) responsible for the expression of a nuclear beta-galactosidase.
- the cell line
- TELCeB ⁇ (5) is derived from the TELacZ line and was obtained by transfection of a plasmid expressing the gag and pol proteins of MoMLV. These cells therefore produce non-infectious retroviral particles, since they lack envelopes, carrying the marker gene nlsLacZ.
- TELCEB6, XC, RD and CEAR13 cells (12) are cultured in medium
- DMEM fetal calf serum
- FCS fetal calf serum
- CEAR13 culture medium is additionally supplemented with proline (Sigma) at 10 ⁇ g / ⁇ l.
- the NIH3T3 line (ATCC CRL 1658) is cultivated in DMEM medium (Life-Technologies) supplemented with 10% newborn calf serum (Life-Technologies).
- the XC-A-ST cells were obtained by stable transfection into the XC cells of the plasmid pA-ST (5) expressing the N-terminal fragment of the SU of the MLV-4070A virus capable of binding and blocking the amphotropic receptor.
- FBMOSALF Moloney ecotrope
- FB3 Friend C57 ecotrope
- the envelope genes are under the control of the LTR (5) of the Friend FB29 MLV.
- these plasmids contain the phleo marker gene, allowing selection by phleomycin.
- Moloney-MLV (MO) and Friend-MLV (FR), with an Apal site and a Kpnl site created at the beginning and at the end of this region were generated thanks to the nucleotides: Up MO Apal 5 '-CC A ATA GGG CCC AAC CCC GTT CTG and Low MO Kpnl 5'-AAC GTG GTA CCC GCC GGT GGA AGT TGG G for PCR on the plasmid FBMOSALF; Up FRA pal GTC CCG ATA GGG CCC AAC CCC GTC CTG and Low FR Kpnl GAA
- Apal / Kpnl fragments are cloned between the Apal (position 653) and BamHI (position 802) sites of the 4070A envelope using a Kpnl / BamHI adapter fragment generated by PCR on the plasmid FBASALF using oligonucleotides Up A Kpnl 5 '-T ATGCGGTACCGG AGATAGACTACT AGCTC and Low A BamHI
- the other chimeric envelopes were generated using the envelopes described above by subcloning of different fragments.
- the plasmid FBASALF was opened in Xhol-Clal and this DNA was used to clone the fragments: (i) XhoI-Dra ⁇ l of the PROMO envelope and the Dra ⁇ l-Clal fragment of the MO envelope, generating the PROCTMMO envelope; (ii) Ncol-ClaI of the MO envelope, co-ligated with an Xhol-Ncol adapter fragment of the A envelope, generating the TM MO envelope; (iii) Xhol-Ncol from the MO envelope thanks to an Ncol-ClaI fragment of the envelope A, generating the PROCMO chimera.
- the PROTMMO construct was obtained by subcloning the XhoI-BamHI fragment of the PROMO envelope into the vector carrying the TMMO envelope digested with the same enzymes.
- the BDPROMO chimera was made by co-ligating the DralII-Clal fragment of the PROMO envelope in the plasmid FBMOSALF, digested with the BamHI-ClaI enzymes, with a BamHI-DralII fragment of the MO envelope.
- I of envelope 4070A (at position 594) (16) was used in combination with oligonucleotides providing various restriction sites (specified in parenthesis and whose site is underlined in the sequence of the oligonucleotide) and inserting the mutation desired (nucleotides that do not match are indicated by a lowercase letter)
- oligonucleotides providing various restriction sites (specified in parenthesis and whose site is underlined in the sequence of the oligonucleotide) and inserting the mutation desired (nucleotides that do not match are indicated by a lowercase letter)
- ATC CAA CCG GTA TTA CCC GAC C
- Each fragment is co-ligated with a KpnI-BamHI fragment, originating from the PROMO envelope, in the vector FBASALF digested into XhoI-BamHI.
- the plasmids expressing the envelopes are transfected by the calcium phosphate precipitate method (22) in the TELCeB ⁇ line.
- the transfected cells were selected with phleomycin (50 ⁇ g / ml) and the resistant clones were mass trypsinized.
- the confluence cells were used on the one hand to recover viral supernatants after an overnight incubation in normal medium, and on the other hand to make cell lysates.
- the viral supernatants are used for infection tests, receptor binding tests, and the rest is subjected to ultracentrifigation to obtain virus pellets analyzed by immunoblot.
- the virus-producing cells are lysed for 10 minutes at 4 ° C. in a Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5), containing 1% TritonXIOO, 0.05% SDS, deoxycholate 5 mg / ml, 150 mM NaCl and a cocktail. protease inhibitor (1 mM PMSF, 6 mM Leupeptin, 0.3 mM Aprotinin). These lysates are centrifuged for 10 minutes at
- Antibodies (Quality Biotech Inc., USA) from goat antiserum directed against Rausher Leukemia Virus (RLV) gp70-SU or RLV p30-CA were used at dilutions of 1: 2000 and 1: 10000 respectively .
- the "blots" were revealed by the use of a conjugated antibody, coupled to peroxidase, of rabbit or goat origin directed against the immunoglobulins of goat or rabbit, respectively (Dako, UK), using a chemiluminescence kit (Amersham Life Science).
- the target cells are rinsed with PBS and peeled off by a 10-minute incubation at 37 ° C. in 0.02% versene in PBS.
- the cells are rinsed in PBA (PBS containing 2% of FCS (fetal calf serum) and 0.1% of sodium azide which makes it possible to block the membrane endocytosis).
- 10 6 cells are then incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C. with the various viral supernatants (2 ml) containing the soluble SU. These supernatants are discharged from the precipitated viral particles by ultracentrifigation or not.
- the cells are incubated in the presence of monoclonal antibody, rat or mouse, directed against SU (83A25) (6) or against TM (MAb2), respectively, for 45 minutes at 4 ° vs.
- the cells are washed twice in PBA and then incubated in the presence of fluorescent conjugate antibodies directed against rat (Cayla, F) or mouse (Dako, UK) immunoglobulins, for 45 minutes at 4 ° C.
- the dead cells are then counter-stained with propidium iodide (20 ⁇ g / ml) for 5 minutes at 4 ° C.
- the fluorescence of the living cells is analyzed by fluorometry, FACSCalibur, Beckton Dickinson).
- the cells carrying the envelopes are washed, detached and rinsed in the same manner as the target cells of the binding test. 10 ° cells are then incubated directly with the anti-SU rat antibody (83A25) for 1 hour at 4 ° C.
- the cells Once the cells have been fixed with a 0.5% solution of glutaraldhéhyde bridging agent in PBS, they are stained using a substrate, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-Beta- D- galactopyranoside or X-Gal, for 12 hours.
- the viral titers are reported in number of positive colonies per ml of viral supernatant (LacZ i.uJml).
- a box of confluent cells with a diameter of 35 mm is rinsed once with DMEM medium (Eagle's medium modified by Dubelcco) without metionine or cysteine, supplemented with 10% of fetal calf serum dialyzed in order to remove the amino acids, then incubated for 1 h 30 at 37 ° C in this same medium. After labeling for 45 minutes with methionine and cysteine S35 (100 mCi / ml; TranS35-Label,
- the cells are washed and then incubated at 37 ° C in culture medium (hunting).
- the cells are lysed at different times in a 0.5% NP40 solution, 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM HEPES supplemented with 1 mM PMSF for 20 minutes at 4 ° C.
- the lysate is centrifuged at 10,000 g and the supernatant frozen at -80 ° C. These supernatants are clarified using non-immune goat serum (1/100) and
- Protein A-Sepharose (6MB, Pharmacia) at 4 ° C for 2 hours or overnight. After centrifugation, the supernatants are incubated with a goat antiserum directed against gp70-SU of Rausher Leukemia Virus (RLV) at 1/100 th for 1 hour at 4 ° C.
- RLV Rausher Leukemia Virus
- Protein A-Sepharose 40% in RIPA buffer 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris, 1% Deoxycholate, 1% TritonlOOX, 0.1% SDS
- RIPA buffer 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris, 1% Deoxycholate, 1% TritonlOOX, 0.1% SDS
- the effector cells carrying the envelope are seeded at 20% confluence. Three to four hours later, three times more target cells are added.
- the coculture is incubated for 24 hours at 37 ° C. and then fixed with a 0.5% solution of glutaraldhéhyde in PBS.
- the nuclei are firstly colored using a May-Griinwald solution (Sigma diagnostics, USA) and then the cytoplasms with Giemsa (Merk, D) diluted to 1/20. The number of syncytia on a square centimeter is reported or relativized between the envelopes.
- amphotropic and ecotropic murine leukemia virus envelope TM subunits are equivalent mediators of direct membrane fusion: implications for the role of the ecotropic envelope and
- An amphotropic virus receptor is a second member of the gibbon ape leukemia virus receptor family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91: 1168-1172.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP99900502A EP1047791A1 (fr) | 1998-01-15 | 1999-01-07 | Utilisation d'une sequence riche en proline pour augmenter le caractere fusogenique d'enveloppes de retrovirus |
CA002317026A CA2317026A1 (fr) | 1998-01-15 | 1999-01-07 | Utilisation d'une sequence riche en proline pour augmenter le caractere fusogenique d'enveloppes de retrovirus |
JP2000540262A JP2002508975A (ja) | 1998-01-15 | 1999-01-07 | レトロウイルスエンベロープの融合原性を改良するためのプロリン豊富配列の使用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR98/00342 | 1998-01-15 | ||
FR9800342A FR2773561A1 (fr) | 1998-01-15 | 1998-01-15 | Utilisation d'une sequence riche en proline pour augmenter le caractere fusogenique d'enveloppes de retrovirus |
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WO1999036561A1 true WO1999036561A1 (fr) | 1999-07-22 |
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PCT/FR1999/000016 WO1999036561A1 (fr) | 1998-01-15 | 1999-01-07 | Utilisation d'une sequence riche en proline pour augmenter le caractere fusogenique d'enveloppes de retrovirus |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1047791A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002508975A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2317026A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2773561A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999036561A1 (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000071578A2 (fr) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-30 | Cnrs Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Nouveaux polypeptides et leur utilisation pour le sauvetage de virus ou de glycoproteines virales a defaut de fusion |
WO2007107156A2 (fr) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Aarhus Universitet | Enveloppes virales chimériques |
US8652460B2 (en) | 1998-10-01 | 2014-02-18 | University Of Southern California | Gene delivery system and method of use |
US8829173B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2014-09-09 | Tocagen Inc. | Recombinant vectors |
US9642921B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-05-09 | Tocagen Inc. | Cancer combination therapy and recombinant vectors |
US9669049B2 (en) | 2010-10-31 | 2017-06-06 | Tocagen Inc. | Compositions comprising gamma retrovirus vectors and methods of treating proliferative disorders |
US10035983B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2018-07-31 | Tocagen Inc. | Gene therapy vectors and cytosine deaminases |
US11065311B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2021-07-20 | Denovo Biopharma Llc | Retroviral vector with mini-promoter cassette |
US11279949B2 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2022-03-22 | Denovo Biopharma Llc | Recombinant vectors comprising 2A peptide |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994011524A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-09 | 1994-05-26 | The United States Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Particules vectorielles pouvant etre ciblees |
WO1997044474A2 (fr) * | 1996-05-20 | 1997-11-27 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Particules virales masquees ou demasquees vis-a-vis du recepteur cellulaire |
-
1998
- 1998-01-15 FR FR9800342A patent/FR2773561A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-01-07 EP EP99900502A patent/EP1047791A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-01-07 JP JP2000540262A patent/JP2002508975A/ja active Pending
- 1999-01-07 WO PCT/FR1999/000016 patent/WO1999036561A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-07 CA CA002317026A patent/CA2317026A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994011524A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-09 | 1994-05-26 | The United States Government As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services | Particules vectorielles pouvant etre ciblees |
WO1997044474A2 (fr) * | 1996-05-20 | 1997-11-27 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Particules virales masquees ou demasquees vis-a-vis du recepteur cellulaire |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8652460B2 (en) | 1998-10-01 | 2014-02-18 | University Of Southern California | Gene delivery system and method of use |
US8741279B2 (en) | 1998-10-01 | 2014-06-03 | University Of Southern California | Gene delivery system and methods of use |
WO2000071578A3 (fr) * | 1999-05-20 | 2001-07-05 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Nouveaux polypeptides et leur utilisation pour le sauvetage de virus ou de glycoproteines virales a defaut de fusion |
WO2000071578A2 (fr) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-30 | Cnrs Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Nouveaux polypeptides et leur utilisation pour le sauvetage de virus ou de glycoproteines virales a defaut de fusion |
WO2007107156A3 (fr) * | 2006-03-17 | 2008-07-31 | Univ Aarhus | Enveloppes virales chimériques |
US8557971B2 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2013-10-15 | Aarhus Universitet | Chimeric viral envelopes |
WO2007107156A2 (fr) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Aarhus Universitet | Enveloppes virales chimériques |
US8829173B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2014-09-09 | Tocagen Inc. | Recombinant vectors |
US10035983B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2018-07-31 | Tocagen Inc. | Gene therapy vectors and cytosine deaminases |
US10407666B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2019-09-10 | Tocagen Inc. | Recombinant vectors |
US9669049B2 (en) | 2010-10-31 | 2017-06-06 | Tocagen Inc. | Compositions comprising gamma retrovirus vectors and methods of treating proliferative disorders |
US11065311B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2021-07-20 | Denovo Biopharma Llc | Retroviral vector with mini-promoter cassette |
US9642921B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-05-09 | Tocagen Inc. | Cancer combination therapy and recombinant vectors |
US11279949B2 (en) | 2015-09-04 | 2022-03-22 | Denovo Biopharma Llc | Recombinant vectors comprising 2A peptide |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1047791A1 (fr) | 2000-11-02 |
FR2773561A1 (fr) | 1999-07-16 |
JP2002508975A (ja) | 2002-03-26 |
CA2317026A1 (fr) | 1999-07-22 |
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