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WO1999034168A1 - Dispositif de mesure et procede d'obtention d'une grandeur mesuree avec assistance de l'energie du processus - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure et procede d'obtention d'une grandeur mesuree avec assistance de l'energie du processus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999034168A1
WO1999034168A1 PCT/DE1998/003608 DE9803608W WO9934168A1 WO 1999034168 A1 WO1999034168 A1 WO 1999034168A1 DE 9803608 W DE9803608 W DE 9803608W WO 9934168 A1 WO9934168 A1 WO 9934168A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
measuring arrangement
frequency
converter
arrangement according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1998/003608
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Bauerschmidt
Ottmar Beierl
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1999034168A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999034168A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
    • G01D3/08—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups with provision for safeguarding the apparatus, e.g. against abnormal operation, against breakdown

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring arrangement and a method for detecting a measured variable characterizing a process.
  • the underlying circuits and / or devices usually have to be supplied by an extra supply energy.
  • This supply energy is usually a low-frequency electrical energy which is obtained, for example, from a battery, another direct current source or from the 50 Hz / 60 Hz supply network.
  • solar energy can also serve as the primary energy source; The solar energy is used to charge a rechargeable battery as long as there is sufficient light and thus the solar-electrical energy conversion is guaranteed.
  • Widely used examples of such devices that generate high-frequency narrowband signals are mains-fed high-frequency transmitters and also battery-operated radio devices. Depending on the intended use, such devices can emit both coded and uncoded signals.
  • radio frequency (HF) radio transmission are the transmission of information in communications technology, but also the transmission of measurement information in or from sensor systems.
  • Sensors for various measured variables are known from the article "Acoustic Surface Waves - Technology for Innovations", Siemens-Zeitschrift Special, FuE, spring 1994, whereby the sensors are each connected to an antenna. As a result, they can be transmitted via RF radio pulses from the The measured variables to be detected cause certain variations in the RF response signals.
  • the RF response signal is coded in a sensor-specific manner, so that several sensors are distinguished from one another by their respective coding
  • the sensors disclosed in the above article are based on the so-called surface wave (SAW) technology, which is why they are also called SAW sensors.
  • SAW surface wave
  • This type of component takes advantage of the properties of acoustic waves that appear on the surface or piez at least in areas near the surface Spread oelectric substrates.
  • the SAW sensors are purely passive components. To generate the narrowband RF response signal that carries the measurement information, energy must always be supplied to the SAW sensor. In the sensors disclosed in the article, this is done via the RF interrogation pulse of a remote transmitter.
  • an encapsulated system for example a gas-insulated switchgear for high or Medium-voltage networks are disclosed, within which several of said SAW sensors are used to detect various measured variables by remote inquiry.
  • the relevant measurands in this context include the electrical current, the electrical voltage, various gas parameters such as pressure, temperature and gas composition, as well as mechanical parameters such as the position of switching elements.
  • the SAW sensors can also be used to detect spontaneous events, such as a system fault caused by an arcing fault.
  • a monitoring device is provided outside the encapsulated system, which is connected to an antenna. This antenna is attached to the encapsulation and directed towards the interior of the system.
  • all SAW sensors in the interior can thus be selectively interrogated via HF interrogation pulses from the monitoring device and via the associated encoded HF response signals.
  • the RF radio communication of interest in this context takes place in the interior of the encapsulated system.
  • it offers advantages in bridging the sometimes considerable potential differences inside the encapsulated system.
  • it allows simple monitoring of many functions by means of remote interrogation, without any wiring or mechanical effort being involved in the encapsulation.
  • energy In order to receive the measurement information from the individual SAW sensors, however, energy must first be supplied to them via the RF interrogation pulse. These RF interrogation pulses are also transmitted inside the system.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a measuring arrangement and a method of the type mentioned in the introduction with an improved supply of energy compared to the prior art, which is required for the operation of the measuring arrangement.
  • the measuring arrangement and the method in the case of radio transmission are to be improved with regard to their need for channel capacity compared to the prior art.
  • the following are provided: a) a converter which converts a process energy assigned to the process into electrical energy, b) an element connected to the converter with a non-linear characteristic curve which contains the electrical energy generated by the converter converts high-frequency electrical energy, and c) a filter for selecting a high-frequency narrowband signal from the high-frequency electrical energy.
  • the principle of the invention essentially consists in branching off an energy component from the existing process energy and first convert it into electrical energy. The next step is to transform this electrical energy into a high frequency, relatively broadband electrical form. Another step is to filter out the energy of a narrow frequency band from this broad frequency band, to encode it if necessary and to transmit it as an HF narrowband signal. An RF pulse is emitted, the energy content of which is inevitably relatively low in accordance with the narrowband selection, but is of course sufficiently large within the scope of the invention. It is surprising that despite this low degree of conversion of the process energy into the energy of the transmitted HF narrowband signal, there is no problem with regard to the useful application of the invention.
  • a radio receiving device (positioned at an appropriately limited distance) is designed and configured in a manner known per se in such a way that it can decode and evaluate the information of the received, if necessary, coded HF narrowband signal, ie can record it .
  • this is not a problem with regard to the question of the supply energy of the receiving device, because the supply energy can be obtained there, for example, from the network.
  • the term “relatively broadband” is understood to mean a bandwidth of at least 750 MHz, preferably of at least 1.5 GHz.
  • relatively narrowband in this context means a bandwidth of at most 100 MHz, in particular of at most 50 MHz and in particular of at most 10 MHz, understood.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the process on which the measurement variable is based, which is to be characterized by the measurement variable, usually also has an appreciable energy content. This energy, referred to here as process energy, is often even available in such a large amount that it is possible to withdraw energy for the operation of a measuring arrangement for the measurement variable measurement, without influencing the actual process in an impermissible manner. This finding also applies, for example, to the encapsulated high and medium voltage switchgear from the field of energy transmission and distribution.
  • the process energy can be in the form of the electrical energy already mentioned, but also in any other form of energy, such as as mechanical energy
  • Forms of energy at this point are only the deformation energy, e.g. in a motor vehicle accident, the heat available with spatial or temporal temperature gradients, e.g. a radiator, the acceleration energy of a vibrating seismic mass, e.g. in a vehicle, or even that called optical energy of a flash of light.
  • This exemplary list is not exhaustive and is in no way to be seen as a limitation of the application of the principle of the invention.
  • the filter which accomplishes the narrowband selection from the broad HF frequency band, additionally encodes the HF narrowband signal.
  • this coding which is designed in particular in a sensor-specific manner, a response signal can be assigned to exactly the measuring arrangement that it emitted. This is particularly advantageous if a receiving device is provided for the evaluation of more than one measuring arrangement.
  • a device for the said coding can be formed as a grouping of a plurality of metallic strip reflectors on the surface of the substrate on which the surface wave propagates.
  • the reflectors arranged one behind the other in the SAW propagation direction are each at different distances from one another, as a result of which the coding is decisively determined.
  • the appearance of this group of reflectors is similar to that of the known bar codes which are used, for example, for marking goods in supermarkets.
  • the reflectors cause the HF narrowband signal to be composed of a sequence of several partial pulses with characteristic time intervals.
  • other coding devices are also possible, as are other embodiments for the filter.
  • the converter can be designed in accordance with one of the known principles for measurement conversion in electrical energy technology.
  • a method that is frequently used in this connection is, for example, the transformation of electrical currents or voltages to an amplitude or power level suitable for further processing.
  • converters with cores can be used, in particular
  • Other known transducers work according to the divider principle, whereby both purely ohmic and purely capacitive, but also ohmic-capacitive mixed dividers are possible.
  • a measuring shunt can also be used, which is either connected in series in the main current branch or in series in a partial current branch.
  • currents or voltages and their current derivatives can be available as output variables for the converter mentioned.
  • the converters also take on a different preferred shape.
  • a photocell is an advantageous embodiment for the converter, since photocells do not need an operating point setting.
  • other light-sensitive receiving elements such as
  • Photodiodes, phototransistors and the like can be used in their various forms.
  • Another preferred converter adapted to the respective process energy is, for example, a piezoelectric element for converting pressure / deformation energy, a pyroelectric body Thermocouple pair, an element with a Seebeck / Peltier effect for transforming thermal energy with a temperature gradient and an electrodynamic or piezoelectric system for converting mechanical energy, such as vibration or acceleration energy.
  • An example of the last-mentioned electrodynamic system is an inductor device with a magnet and an electrical coil.
  • This element with a non-linear characteristic primarily serves to convert the electrical output energy of the converter into a broadband high-frequency energy as possible.
  • This high-frequency energy preferably takes the form of a sequence of pulses that are as short in time as possible, and each come as close as possible to the theoretical ideal shape of a Dirac pulse.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the element with a non-linear characteristic is a discharge element, for example a spark gap or a gas discharge tube.
  • a semiconductor component is also a possible implementation variant for the element with a non-linear characteristic.
  • the breakdown properties of diodes or other semiconductor elements are advantageously used here. Elements which have an extremely fast breakthrough behavior are particularly suitable, as a result of which particularly short HF pulses can be generated. Diodes that work in blocking breakdown are therefore particularly well suited. Examples include varactor diodes and avalanche diodes. To implement change sizes are nonlinear elements necessary that have a bipolar breakthrough behavior. A suitable element in this regard is the trigger diode.
  • the filter for narrowband selection is designed as an arrangement which uses surface acoustic waves, in particular in the form of the SAW sensors already described above.
  • the advantages of an SAW arrangement are its extremely high long-term stability, the small size and the passive mode of operation.
  • the SAW arrangement can be constructed with a resonator arrangement; however, an embodiment with SAW delay line is also possible.
  • SAW components usually use so-called interdigital transducers, which are constructed from two comb-like, interlocking metal electrodes on a substrate surface.
  • the SAW arrangement can now be designed both with a single interdigital converter as input and output and with two separate input and output interdigital converters. Both types of implementation offer advantages. In the first case there is a simpler and more space-saving component design, in the second case the broadband high-frequency pulses coming in from the nonlinear element are not sent in the direction of the receiving device via the antenna connected only to the output interdigital transducer. This results in advantages in the design of the receiving device.
  • the high-frequency electrical energy at the output of the element with a non-linear characteristic curve is designed such that it carries information about the measured variable of the process to be recorded.
  • This measurement information can be, for example, the pulse frequency of the high-frequency electrical energy emitted as a result of Dirac pulses (or at least from Dirac-like pulses).
  • the energy and also the measurement information are generated via the same components of the measurement arrangement. Additional components for a measurement quantity acquisition are thus omitted.
  • the filter is used not only for narrowband selection but also for the measurement variable acquisition.
  • the filter can capture the process variable characterizing the process; alternatively, however, it is also possible for the filter to record a further measured variable.
  • This latter possibility can be used with particular advantage if the first measured variable characterizing the process is already detected, as explained in the previous section, via the transducer and the element with a non-linear characteristic variable.
  • the second measured variable detected by the filter in this case can then be used to compensate for the first measured variable characterizing the process.
  • An example here is the detection of the electrical current via the converter and the detection of the temperature via the filter, which enables temperature-compensated detection of the electrical current with only one measuring device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a measuring arrangement for detecting a measured variable for the purpose of clarifying the energy flow and the influence of the measured variable
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a measuring arrangement for
  • FIG. 4 shows diagrams which illustrate the electrical current to be detected and the resultant sequence of high-frequency electrical pulses for the measuring arrangement from FIG. 3, and
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a measuring arrangement for detecting an arcing fault in an encapsulated system.
  • a converter 10 which converts the available process energy P into electrical energy E.
  • the process energy P itself already exists as electrical energy; in this case the converter 10 is used to convert it to an amplitude or power level suitable for further processing.
  • the converter 10 can be a measuring converter that is customary in electrical energy transmission.
  • the converter 10 is a light-sensitive receiving element, for example a photocell.
  • Such a transducer 10 are a piezoelectric element for converting pressure / deformation energy, a pyroelectric body, a thermocouple pair, an element with a Seebeck / Peltier effect for transforming thermal energy with a temperature gradient, and an electrodynamic or piezoelectric element System for converting vibration / acceleration change energy into electrical energy E.
  • a downstream element with non-linear characteristic is designated. It serves to transform the usually low-frequency electrical energy E at the output of the converter 10 into high-frequency electrical energy H.
  • a transition from stored low-frequency electrical energy E to high-frequency electrical energy H is triggered by repeated internal switching processes in the non-linear element 11 .
  • the individual transitions take place at time intervals which are determined by the process energy P, the storage of the electrical energy E and by the properties of the non-linear element 11.
  • the high-frequency energy H at the output of the element 11 with The non-linear characteristic is then the result of high-frequency Dirac pulses HFD.
  • a suitable nonlinear element 11 examples include a spark gap, a gas discharge tube and a semiconductor element, in particular a diode, which is operated in the blocking breakdown.
  • Preferred diodes are, for example, varactor or avalanche diodes.
  • trigger diodes can also be used to advantage because of their bipolar switching capacity. For the mode of operation it is crucial at this point that the transitions described have an abrupt and short course for the internal switching operations, so that the resulting high-frequency energy pulses HFD come as close as possible to the ideal Dirac form.
  • a filter 12 is connected downstream of the non-linear element 11.
  • a variety of arrangements can be considered as filter 12.
  • a surface wave (SAW) arrangement is particularly suitable for this. This can contain an SAW resonator or an SAW delay line.
  • the decisive function of the filter 12 is the selection of a high-frequency narrowband signal HF from the broadband high-frequency energy H, which is present at the input of the filter 12 in the form of a sequence of high-frequency Dirac pulses HFD.
  • a measured variable M 1 characterizing the process can, as shown in FIG. 1, act on the measuring arrangement at various points and be detected at these points.
  • the measured variable M1 is detected via the converter 10 which also converts the process energy P.
  • the at the exit of element 11 with not Sequence of high-frequency Dirac pulses HFD pending linear characteristic then contains information about the measured variable Ml, for example in the form of its pulse frequency.
  • the presence of the process energy P per se can already represent the desired information and thus the measurement variable M1. This applies, for example, when monitoring for the occurrence of spontaneous events.
  • the process energy P associated with the spontaneous event and consequently also the measurement information, ie the measurement variable M1 is only available in the event of an event.
  • the simultaneous detection of another e.g.
  • the process variable M2 also characterizes the process via the filter 12. This takes place, for example, by deliberately influencing at least one filter property by the further process variable M2.
  • the simultaneous detection of both measured variables M1, M2 opens up the option of compensated measured variable determination, for example.
  • the measured variable M1 can also be determined using the filter 12. This case is identified in FIG. 1 by the bracketed reference symbol M1 on the filter 12.
  • Measured variable M1 and further measured variable M2 can each be almost any physical quantity. Examples are electric current and voltage, temperature, pressure, movement, acceleration and light. Chemical quantities, such as gas concentrations of certain gas components, are also possible.
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic design variant with an SAW arrangement 21 comprising only a single interdigital converter 22 as an implementation of the filter 12. It is described in more detail using an exemplary embodiment for temperature measurement using thermal process energy P.
  • the converter 10 is a pyroelectric body, a so-called pyro element.
  • the arrow symbolizing the process energy P represents the supply of thermal energy.
  • the thermal process energy P should have a temperature gradient, for example over time, in order to enable optimum use.
  • Such a gradient is present, for example, in radiators used for space heating with thermostatic control, which causes temperature changes of a few degrees Kelvin.
  • the transducer (pyro element) 10 experiences alternating heating and cooling, which leads to the formation of a voltage of different sizes and changing polarities.
  • Another application of heat energy as process energy P would be, for example, the use of heat development in the event of a fire or also in the event of an electrical flashover in electrical power supply systems.
  • the non-linear element 11 connected to the converter (pyro element) 10 is designed as a spark gap. When a certain voltage value is reached, it causes a sparkover.
  • a spark gap fulfills the condition of an extremely fast breakdown behavior, that is to say in the nanosecond range, so that the conversion into the high-frequency energy H is very well guaranteed.
  • the converter 10 comprises - either integrally or supplemented by an external circuit (not shown) - an electrical charging capacitance (capacitor) in order to accumulate the voltage value necessary for the sparkover, if necessary from instantaneous values of the process energy P.
  • a broadband element 20 is provided in the basic structure of FIG. 2 to absorb the current flow caused by the sparkover, for example in the form of an inductor (choke coil) or a load resistor.
  • the voltage drop occurring at the broadband element 20 is the named sequence of high-frequency Dirac pulses HFD. It is fed into the inter-digital converter 22 of the SAW arrangement 21, which is designed as a reflecting delay line.
  • the interdigital transducer 22 constructed from two comb-shaped, interlocking metal electrodes generates a surface acoustic wave W from a high-frequency electrical signal, which propagates on a piezoelectric substrate of the SAW arrangement 21.
  • the surface wave W is reflected on a strip structure 23 provided for coding; it runs back to the interdigital transducer 22 after the reflection.
  • the high-frequency narrowband signal HF is then finally emitted via an antenna 24 connected to the interdigital transducer 22, which is embodied as a dipole antenna in the measuring arrangement of FIG. 2, and transmitted to a receiving device, not shown, positioned at a distance.
  • the interdigital wall 22 essentially carries out the narrowband selection the incoming sequence of high-frequency Dirac pulses HFD.
  • the stripe structure 23, on the other hand, impresses the high-frequency narrowband signal HF with a coding that is characteristic of the SAW arrangement 21 and thus also for the entire measuring arrangement.
  • the SAW arrangement 21 shown with reflecting delay line provides coding in the time domain.
  • the measured variable M 1 to be determined is a temperature. Since the SAW propagation speed on the running path and within the stripe structure 23 is temperature-dependent, the measured variable M1 acts on the surface wave W.
  • the SAW arrangement 21 is therefore designed such that the emitted high-frequency narrowband signal HF carries the desired temperature information. Variations in the velocity of propagation dependent on measured variables lead to runtime variations which, for example, result in characteristic phase shifts in the radiated
  • the temperature value of interest can be determined from these phase shifts.
  • Other methods known per se for impressing measurement information into the narrowband signal HF are also possible. For example, an amplitude variation is also possible.
  • the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 shows a measuring arrangement for detecting an electrical current I which flows in an electrical conductor 110.
  • the electric current I ent speaks here the measured variable Ml mentioned above, and the electrical energy transported by means of the current I via the electrical conductor 110 corresponds to the process energy P mentioned above.
  • an air coil converter known from the electrical energy supply is provided as the converter 10. This completely surrounds the conductor 110 and it is at the same electrical potential as this. Via its output signal, the air coil converter 10 extracts from the electrical current I, on the one hand, the energy required for feeding the measuring arrangement and, on the other hand, also the measurement information about the strength of the current I.
  • the output signal of the air coil converter 10 is proportional to the first time derivative of the current strength.
  • the matching circuit 120 with a longitudinal impedance 121 and a transverse impedance 122 between the air coil converter 10 and a special element 11 with a non-linear characteristic.
  • the matching circuit 120 firstly integrates the converter output signal; on the other hand, it provides the element 11 with a nonlinear characteristic a voltage required to trigger the internal switching processes described above.
  • the matching circuit 120 is designed as an RC element.
  • the longitudinal impedance 121 is an ohmic resistance; and the transverse impedance 122 is a capacitance (capacitor).
  • the element 11 with a non-linear characteristic is designed here as a trigger diode with a bipolar switching capacity.
  • the matching circuit 120 can be designed differently in accordance with the respective converter 10 and the respective non-linear element 11 and may even be omitted entirely.
  • the non-linear element 11, which is designed as a trigger diode, supplies - just like the spark gap of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 2 - a sequence of high-frequency Dirac pulses HFD, which is tapped at the broadband element 20 (choke coil, ohmic load resistor) and fed into the filter 12.
  • the SAW arrangement 21 of the application example from FIG. 3 comprises a SAW delay line with two separate and side-by-side input and output interdigital transducers 221 and 222. Those via the input interdigital transducer
  • a remote receiving device 26 which receives radio signals, in particular the high-frequency narrowband signals HF, emitted by the SAW arrangement 21 via a connected antenna 25, can in the embodiment variant with two separate interdigital converters 221 and 222 according to Figure 3 be relatively simple compared to Figure 2.
  • the incoming Dirac pulses HFD are also at least partially emitted via the connected antenna 24.
  • the Dirac pulses in the sequence HFD have a much higher energy content than the narrowband signals HF due to their larger bandwidth.
  • a receiving device into which at least parts of the sequence of Dirac pulses HFD can be radiated must be equipped with additional protective mechanisms which prevent the destruction of sensitive circuits which are designed for lower energy levels of the narrowband signals HF.
  • additional protective mechanisms can be omitted in the receiving device 26 of FIG. 3.
  • the application example of FIG. 2 is also designed for the detection of a further measurement variable M2.
  • the further measurement variable M2 is a temperature which, as in the example in FIG. 2, influences the propagation speed of the surface waves W, W '.
  • the electrical current I is detected via the air coil converter 10.
  • the non-linear element 11 converts the output signal of the air coil converter 10 into the sequence of the Dirac pulses HFD.
  • the measurement information about the electrical current I is not lost as a result. she finds rather, the frequency of the Dirac pulses subsequently became HFD again.
  • the electrical current I in the conductor 110 and the resulting sequence of Dirac pulses HFD as a function of the time t are shown in FIG. The decisive one for the determination of the measurands
  • Pulse frequency is mapped into the emitted high-frequency narrowband signal HF. It is detected and evaluated in the receiving device 26.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a measuring arrangement which is used to detect a LIBO arcing fault in an encapsulated (high-voltage) system.
  • an encapsulation 115 of this system which is cylindrical here, there are a plurality of sensors 130, which are to be interrogated via specifically transmitted radio pulses and are designed as SAW sensors.
  • An electrical conductor 110 through which current I flows runs axially.
  • the sensors 130 to be queried can be designed to detect different measured variables, as a result of which a multitude of different information and / or measured values can be recorded.
  • the sensors 130 to be queried can be arranged in different subspaces, in particular in gas spaces, of the system. Of course, this only applies insofar as RF information transmission between two sub-rooms is possible through their isolation.
  • a receiving device 26 For radio communication with all sensors 130 to be interrogated, which are arranged in the interior of the encapsulation 115, a receiving device 26 is provided outside the encapsulation 115 an antenna 25 is connected. This antenna 25 projects gas-tight through the encapsulation 115 into the interior of the system. Other antenna arrangements and couplings are possible.
  • a measuring arrangement for detecting the arcing fault LIBO in the interior of the system which comprises a converter 10, a downstream non-linear element 11, a filter 12 connected downstream and an antenna 24.
  • the converter 10 is designed here as a light-sensitive photocell.
  • both a part of the process energy P associated with the arc LIBO for operating the measuring arrangement is recorded and the measured variable Ml is recorded.
  • the nonlinear element 11 and the filter 12 are present here in the spark gap design variants already described above or as an SAW arrangement 21 with an interdigital converter 22.
  • the advantage of this measuring arrangement is that a high-frequency narrowband signal HF is only emitted when a system fault in the form of the LIBO arcing fault occurs.
  • the available channel capacity inside the encapsulated system can be dispensed with in the measuring arrangement for arcing detection shown in FIG. This means that the free channel capacity is available for other purposes.
  • the described measuring arrangement for the detection of arcing faults can also be referred to as a “self-radiating sensor”. It is also possible to measure other variables than the arcing fault LIBO within the encapsulation 115 via such “self-radiation sensors”.
  • the measuring arrangement shown in FIG. 3 for detecting the current I in the conductor 110 can also be used in the encapsulated system of FIG. 5.
  • the measuring arrangement for detecting arcing faults can also detect at least one measurement variable other than the light.
  • the flashover due to the LIBO arc leads to a rapidly spreading pressure wave in the encapsulated system and also to a considerable amount of heat.
  • the arcing fault LIBO can consequently be detected just as well via the indirect measured variables pressure and / or temperature.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure et un procédé permettant l'obtention d'une grandeur mesurée (M1) d'un processus, l'énergie (P) dudit processus étant exploitée pour faire fonctionner le dispositif de mesure. Dans le dispositif de mesure se trouvent un convertisseur (10) transformant l'énergie de processus (P) en énergie électrique (E), un élément (11) raccordé au convertisseur (10), présentant une caractéristique non linéaire, et un filtre (10) raccordé audit élément (11) à caractéristique non linéaire. Ce filtre (12) produit, comme signal de départ, un signal à bande étroite haute fréquence (HF) qui porte les informations relatives à la grandeur mesurée (M1).
PCT/DE1998/003608 1997-12-23 1998-12-08 Dispositif de mesure et procede d'obtention d'une grandeur mesuree avec assistance de l'energie du processus WO1999034168A1 (fr)

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DE19757718.0 1997-12-23
DE19757718 1997-12-23

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003078950A1 (fr) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-25 Fag Kugelfischer Ag & Co. Kg Detecteur d'ondes de surface
DE102005027670A1 (de) * 2005-06-15 2007-01-11 Siemens Ag Anordnung und Verfahren zur Lagerstromüberwachung eines Elektromotors
DE102008049434A1 (de) * 2008-09-25 2010-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgeräteanordnung mit einem Kapselungsgehäuse und mit einem Sensor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2129592A (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-05-16 Paul Coleman Motion sensor
EP0406978A1 (fr) * 1989-07-06 1991-01-09 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP Appareil capteur de mouvement
WO1997028589A1 (fr) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif blinde

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2129592A (en) * 1982-07-02 1984-05-16 Paul Coleman Motion sensor
EP0406978A1 (fr) * 1989-07-06 1991-01-09 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP Appareil capteur de mouvement
WO1997028589A1 (fr) * 1996-01-31 1997-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif blinde

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003078950A1 (fr) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-25 Fag Kugelfischer Ag & Co. Kg Detecteur d'ondes de surface
US7109632B2 (en) 2002-03-14 2006-09-19 Fag Kugelfischer Ag Surface wave sensor
DE102005027670A1 (de) * 2005-06-15 2007-01-11 Siemens Ag Anordnung und Verfahren zur Lagerstromüberwachung eines Elektromotors
DE102008049434A1 (de) * 2008-09-25 2010-04-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgeräteanordnung mit einem Kapselungsgehäuse und mit einem Sensor

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