+

WO1999033278A3 - Interface components for a telecommunications switching platform - Google Patents

Interface components for a telecommunications switching platform Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999033278A3
WO1999033278A3 PCT/US1998/020189 US9820189W WO9933278A3 WO 1999033278 A3 WO1999033278 A3 WO 1999033278A3 US 9820189 W US9820189 W US 9820189W WO 9933278 A3 WO9933278 A3 WO 9933278A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
modules
telecommunications switching
platform
switching platform
run
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/020189
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1999033278A2 (en
Inventor
James M Davis
Scott A Kooy
Henry J Lohn Iii
R Timothy Wallace
Mark D Browning
Cecil W Johnson Jr
Shawn W Vines
Original Assignee
Alcatel Usa Sourcing Lp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/026,488 external-priority patent/USH1917H/en
Priority claimed from US09/026,486 external-priority patent/USH1881H/en
Priority claimed from US09/026,485 external-priority patent/USH1804H/en
Priority claimed from US09/026,321 external-priority patent/USH1814H/en
Priority claimed from US09/025,740 external-priority patent/USH1801H/en
Application filed by Alcatel Usa Sourcing Lp filed Critical Alcatel Usa Sourcing Lp
Priority to AU95842/98A priority Critical patent/AU9584298A/en
Publication of WO1999033278A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999033278A2/en
Publication of WO1999033278A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999033278A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
    • H04Q11/0407—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing using a stored programme control
    • H04Q11/0414—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/60—Software deployment
    • G06F8/65—Updates
    • G06F8/656—Updates while running
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
    • G06F9/542—Event management; Broadcasting; Multicasting; Notifications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
    • H04Q3/54—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised
    • H04Q3/545—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
    • H04Q3/54—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised
    • H04Q3/545—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme
    • H04Q3/54541—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme using multi-processor systems
    • H04Q3/5455—Multi-processor, parallelism, distributed systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/42—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker
    • H04Q3/54—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised
    • H04Q3/545—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme
    • H04Q3/54541—Circuit arrangements for indirect selecting controlled by common circuits, e.g. register controller, marker in which the logic circuitry controlling the exchange is centralised using a stored programme using multi-processor systems
    • H04Q3/54558—Redundancy, stand-by
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1302—Relay switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13031—Pulse code modulation, PCM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13034—A/D conversion, code compression/expansion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1304—Coordinate switches, crossbar, 4/2 with relays, coupling field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1305—Software aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13056—Routines, finite state machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13092—Scanning of subscriber lines, monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13093—Personal computer, PC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13095—PIN / Access code, authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13098—Mobile subscriber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13103—Memory
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13106—Microprocessor, CPU
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13107—Control equipment for a part of the connection, distributed control, co-processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13109—Initializing, personal profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1316—Service observation, testing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13162—Fault indication and localisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13166—Fault prevention
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13167—Redundant apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13176—Common channel signaling, CCS7
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13178—Control signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1319—Amplifier, attenuation circuit, echo suppressor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13204—Protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13209—ISDN
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1324—Conference call
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1328—Call transfer, e.g. in PBX
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13292—Time division multiplexing, TDM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13299—Bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1332—Logic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13349—Network management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/1336—Synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13377—Recorded announcement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
    • H04Q2213/13396—Signaling in general, in-band signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/14—Backbone network devices

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Exchange Systems With Centralized Control (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed are resource modules for telecommunications switching platforms which are capable of responding to heartbeat messages and identifying themselves as operational over one bus or both buses of a redundant-pair control bus. The modules also have reprogrammable, nonvolatile memories associated with them from which they can run their operating systems. The modules can also transfer their operating system into another memory, allowing each module to make updates to the operating system stored in its nonvolatile memory without interrupting its execution of its run-time operating code. The modules may be used as a part of a system and method for forming circuit connections within a telecommunications switching platform that uses tables of logical identifiers for resources and information channels being handled by the platform to allow dynamic addressing of components and provide significant flexibility in reconfiguration of the switching platform.
PCT/US1998/020189 1997-09-26 1998-09-25 Interface components for a telecommunications switching platform WO1999033278A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU95842/98A AU9584298A (en) 1997-09-26 1998-09-25 Interface components for a telecommunications switching platform

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6010797P 1997-09-26 1997-09-26
US60/060,107 1997-09-26
US9/026,321 1998-02-19
US09/026,488 USH1917H (en) 1997-09-26 1998-02-19 Signal-processing module for a telecommunications switching platform
US09/026,486 USH1881H (en) 1998-02-19 1998-02-19 System and method for forming circuit connections within a telecommunications switching platform
US9/026,488 1998-02-19
US9/026,485980219 1998-02-19
US9/025,740 1998-02-19
US09/026,485 USH1804H (en) 1997-09-26 1998-02-19 Span interface module for a telecommunications switching platform
US9/026,486 1998-02-19
US09/026,321 USH1814H (en) 1997-09-26 1998-02-19 Telephony-support module for a telecommunications switching platform
US09/025,740 USH1801H (en) 1997-09-26 1998-02-19 Switching module for a telecommunications switching platform

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999033278A2 WO1999033278A2 (en) 1999-07-01
WO1999033278A3 true WO1999033278A3 (en) 1999-08-26

Family

ID=27556064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/020189 WO1999033278A2 (en) 1997-09-26 1998-09-25 Interface components for a telecommunications switching platform

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU9584298A (en)
WO (1) WO1999033278A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001067679A1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-13 Shenzhen Liming Network Systems Co., Ltd. A platform of information switch
EP1168904A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2002-01-02 PX Research & Development Limited A switching system
RU2291479C2 (en) * 2002-09-06 2007-01-10 ТЕЛЕФОНАКТИЕБОЛАГЕТ ЛМ ЭРИКССОН (пабл). Commutation device containing temporary intervals bus and several buffers
US20060002398A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2006-01-05 Arild Wego Switching arrangement including time-slot buses and serveral buffers
EP1766948B1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2010-06-09 Glenayre Electronics, Inc. Auto block and auto discovery in a distributed communication system
CN100579146C (en) * 2005-09-02 2010-01-06 深圳市东进通讯技术股份有限公司 Module configuration management method in integrated telecommunication platform
JP5556858B2 (en) * 2012-06-29 2014-07-23 横河電機株式会社 Network management system
CN113411237B (en) * 2021-08-18 2021-11-30 成都丰硕智能数字科技有限公司 Method, storage medium and system for detecting terminal state with low delay

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5560033A (en) * 1994-08-29 1996-09-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. System for providing automatic power control for highly available n+k processors
JPH0964985A (en) * 1995-08-25 1997-03-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electronic exchange
EP0679319B1 (en) * 1993-01-05 1997-09-03 Excel, Inc. Telecommunication switch with programmable communications services, and corresponding apparatus
EP0817055A2 (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-01-07 Compaq Computer Corporation Computer system host switching
WO1998027753A1 (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-25 Bellsouth Corporation Method and system for monitoring the operational status of a network element in an advanced intelligent network

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0679319B1 (en) * 1993-01-05 1997-09-03 Excel, Inc. Telecommunication switch with programmable communications services, and corresponding apparatus
US5560033A (en) * 1994-08-29 1996-09-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. System for providing automatic power control for highly available n+k processors
JPH0964985A (en) * 1995-08-25 1997-03-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electronic exchange
EP0817055A2 (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-01-07 Compaq Computer Corporation Computer system host switching
WO1998027753A1 (en) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-25 Bellsouth Corporation Method and system for monitoring the operational status of a network element in an advanced intelligent network

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 097, no. 007 31 July 1997 (1997-07-31) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999033278A2 (en) 1999-07-01
AU9584298A (en) 1999-07-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1997030555A3 (en) Multiple application switching platform and method
DE60027004D1 (en) INTELLIGENT STACKED INTERCONNECTION SYSTEM
FI973169A0 (en) Resource management and data communication systems
WO2001075589A3 (en) Resource creation method and tool
CA2240881A1 (en) Shared intelligence automated access control system
KR870700198A (en) Distributed Control Switching System and Call Processing Method in the System
CA2297028A1 (en) System and methods for achieving heterogeneous data flow between algorithm blocks in a distributed control system
BR0209391A (en) Method and equipment for controlling uplink transmissions of a wireless communication system
CA2331313A1 (en) Communicator having reconfigurable resources
ATE237150T1 (en) CONTROL SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING SAFETY-CRITICAL PROCESSES
WO2004034176A3 (en) Integrated circuit and method for establishing transactions
ES8503185A1 (en) Control communication in a switching system having clustered remote switching modules.
KR870009571A (en) Interface circuits for interconnection of circuit switches and packet switch systems
NO20003318D0 (en) Procedure for configuring cross connections in a radio system as well as radio system
WO1999033278A3 (en) Interface components for a telecommunications switching platform
ES2134633T3 (en) PROCEDURE FOR THE OPERATION OF A DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
WO2003085899A1 (en) Automatic, successive configuring of slave modules in a data bus network
DE69835385D1 (en) Central cluster module and system, as well as an electrical connector equipment system
AU578287B2 (en) Multiple memory loading system
EP0953912A3 (en) Semiconductor memory device with redundancy
KR900017337A (en) Asynchronous Time Division Multiservice Digital Communication Satellite Center for Subscriber Access
WO1998038819A3 (en) Method of allocating a home cell to a subscriber station
WO1999015983A3 (en) Adaptive processor system using a packet switched network
WO2001093065A3 (en) Method for exchanging data between several stations
SE9501494D0 (en) Method of controlling connections in a telecommunications system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WA Withdrawal of international application
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载