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WO1999032573A1 - Amelioration de la thermoviscosite de fluides a base d'eau; synthese et utilisation dans les fluides de forage - Google Patents

Amelioration de la thermoviscosite de fluides a base d'eau; synthese et utilisation dans les fluides de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999032573A1
WO1999032573A1 PCT/GB1998/003822 GB9803822W WO9932573A1 WO 1999032573 A1 WO1999032573 A1 WO 1999032573A1 GB 9803822 W GB9803822 W GB 9803822W WO 9932573 A1 WO9932573 A1 WO 9932573A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
clay
drilling
temperature
thermoviscosifying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/003822
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John William Chapman
Ian Christopher Ward
Original Assignee
Bw Group Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bw Group Plc filed Critical Bw Group Plc
Priority to AU16782/99A priority Critical patent/AU1678299A/en
Publication of WO1999032573A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999032573A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
    • C09K8/145—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the composition of the clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/05—Aqueous well-drilling compositions containing inorganic compounds only, e.g. mixtures of clay and salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
    • C09K8/16—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the inorganic compounds other than clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
    • C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
    • C09K8/20—Natural organic compounds or derivatives thereof, e.g. polysaccharides or lignin derivatives
    • C09K8/206—Derivatives of other natural products, e.g. cellulose, starch, sugars

Definitions

  • This invention relates to water based fluids in which the viscosity increases with temperature.
  • it relates to water based drilling fluids in which the rheology increases as the mud is circulated downhole, and so increases in temperature, and spontaneously reverses on arriving at the surface and cooling.
  • Drilling fluid is conventionally circulated down the drill string and through ports provided in the drill bit and back to the surface through the annulus formed between the drill string and the wall of the well.
  • the circulating drilling fluid performs numerous functions including removing the cuttings from the well, cooling the bit, and applying hydrostatic pressure upon the penetrated earth formation to control fluids contained under pressure therein.
  • Drilling "muds" having a water base are commonly employed in this situation. These muds are normally treated to provide the desired density and rheological properties.
  • the search for oil and gas now requires the drilling of wells with complex geometry, eg horizontal or highly deviated rather than vertical, and highly inhibitive systems are required to stabilise the borehole once drilled.
  • thermoviscosifying properties can be conferred to the fluid by mixing a soluble silicate and a clay type mineral under controlled conditions.
  • thermoviscosifying synthetic polymers suitable for use in oil wells may be synthesised. These water soluble polymers possess a low critical solution temperature (“LCST” property) and are based on so called “graft copolymers” of an organic nature.
  • LCST critical solution temperature
  • drilling fluids and fluids in general
  • conventional additives have the serious drawback of losing their suspending properties when the temperature rises.
  • the use of conventional agents for viscosification thus creates the risk of pumping acceptable performing fluid at the surface, but finding that severe settlement and ineffective cleaning of the hole occurs downhole.
  • graft polymers are likely to be expensive organic molecules susceptible to degradation and polluting effects.
  • a water based (drilling) fluid comprising clay gel and soluble silicate having thermoviscosifying properties over the range of temperature from 75 °F to 175°F.
  • the soluble silicate solution is 2:1 Si0 2 :Na 2 0.
  • a process for preparing a water based (drilling) fluid in which viscosity increases with temperature comprising treating a clay gel with a solution of soluble silicate.
  • the clay gel is formed from a smectite (Bentonite) clay.
  • the clay is allowed to pre-hydrate in water to allow gelation to occur.
  • the resulting clay gel is treated with reagents chosen from the group comprising caustic soda, soluble salt and deflocculant .
  • the soluble salt is a monovalent ion, eg potassium chloride or sodium chloride.
  • the deflocculant is a low viscosity polyanionic cellulose.
  • the process comprises adding the soluble silicate solution to the clay gel and "activating" the mix by heat ageing.
  • the heat ageing is carried out at a temperature of between 50°C, more preferably 80°C, and 130°C.
  • the heat ageing is carried out for between 8 and 24 hours.
  • the viscosifying effect of the present invention is considered to be due to the formation of either a clay silicate complex, or a complex silicate that interacts with certain types of clay and that has varying solubility characteristics with temperature.
  • a complex network may contain an associated component, capable of aggregating in response to an increase in temperature, coupled to a hydrophilic component or backbone.
  • the fluid of the present invention when used as a drilling fluid, will be pumped normally, but at the bottom of the hole the suspending properties will be optimised such that the fluid will be capable of supporting drill cuttings that are produced. The fluid will be able to bring the cuttings to the surface more effectively. But when the fluid is passed through the shaker screens the cooled fluid will have lost a significant part of its suspending properties and so allow the separation of cuttings to be facilitated.
  • thermoviscosification products may find application include the coatings industry, cosmetic, food processing, lacquer and varnish industries, papermaking and cementation industries as well as in other areas of the oil and gas production and drilling industries.
  • 098/29487 of Medlogic Global Corporation Other possible uses for a fluid of the present invention are described in 098/29487 of Medlogic Global Corporation. These include medical and pharmaceutical uses such as exemplary drugs or therapeutics delivery systems, including controlled release operations, industrial and automotive uses of oils and lubricants, especially at high temperatures, cleaning products which are intended to act at high temperatures, electrical and optical wire protection, binding agents in ceramics, and other cementing applications, clothing, including footwear, as well as the further uses suggested in 098/29487.
  • the present invention allows an inexpensive means of producing an "inorganic” and pollution free thermoviscosifying fluid with wide application.
  • thermoviscous rheology A drilling fluid in which the thermoviscous rheology is developed by activation prior to use. This allows the drilling fluid to be made onshore in a mud plant and then shipped offshore with the necessary properties for drilling.
  • thermoviscosifying fluid in combination with a non-ionic polymer viscosifier such as a waxy starch or conventional starch incorporated for fluid loss control.
  • Graph 1 shows viscosity v. shear rate of a mud prepared using silicate solution at different temperatures (initial viscosity before 93 °C) ;
  • Graph 2 shows viscosity v. temperature of the mud of graph 1;
  • Graph 3 shows viscosity v. shear rate at different temperatures of the same mud after storage of 16 hours at 93 °C;
  • Graph 4 shows viscosity v. temperature of the mud, again after 16 hours' storage at 93°C.
  • a water based drilling fluid was produced by treating a clay gel with a solution of soluble silicate. The clay had been allowed to prehydrate in water to allow gellation to occur. The clay was a "Bentonite” type clay. The clay gel was treated with Caustic Soda, a soluble salt (Potassium Chloride or Sodium Chloride) and a deflocculant (low viscosity polyanionic cellulose) .
  • a soluble silicate solution eg 2:1 Si0 2 :Na 2 0, s.g.1.50 was added to the mixture after which the fluid was "activated” by heat ageing at 93 °C (200°F) for approximately 16 hours.
  • thermoviscosifying properties over the range of temperature 75° to 175°C. This is thought to be due to the formation of a clay silicate complex with varying solubility characteristics. A reversible effect on the fluid viscosity via a flocculation-deflocculation mechanism leads to thermoviscosification.
  • thermoviscosifying formulations are shown in Table 1.
  • the components were mixed for 30 minutes in a mixing device such as a Hamilton Beach mixer and then "aged" for 16 hours in a hot roll oven.
  • the viscosity was determined after ageing on a Fann 35 viscometer.
  • Table 2 shows the results obtained at three temperatures. The viscosities were found to increase as the temperature increased giving temperature coefficients (175/75°F) with positive values.
  • the Newtonian component plastic viscosity
  • Further measurements at a fixed shear rate on similarly produced fluids show the completely reversible nature of the viscosity generated, as shown in Graphs 1 to 4.
  • thermoviscosifying trend seems to be temperature activated and is most apparent at 170°F. From Graphs 3 and 4, it can be seen that the thermoviscosifying effect, which was starting to form at 170°F, has now been magnified. The viscosity values have increased considerably from the initial values obtained for the mud.
  • Fluids such as above may be used as drilling fluids or form the basis of systems used as drilling fluids or in other applications.
  • PV Plastic Viscosity (cP) YP - yield point (lb/100ft 2)
  • a six laboratory barrel batch of mud according to the above formulation was made up in a Silverston mixer at 6000 rpm over 30 minutes.
  • the mud was thermally activated by static ageing in stainless steel cells at 50°C overnight, after which one of the laboratory aliquots was contaminated with 35 ppb OCMA clay, one with 10% seawater and one with 35 ppb Barite.
  • the muds were aged by hot rolling for 16 hours at 175°F.
  • An additional barrel of base mud was hot rolled at 200°F. Muds were tested for rheology at 80°, 49° and 23°C before and after ageing and the API fluid loss determined.
  • Table 3 gives the performance data on the base mud before and after contamination with the standard contaminents . All the muds were tested before and after hot rolling at 175°F (typical ageing test to simulate downhole conditions) .
  • the present invention makes it possible to design drilling fluids with suspending and hole cleaning properties that meet downhole requirements.
  • Table 3 Contamination Tests on Activated TV Mud

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un fluide à base d'eau dont la viscosité augmente avec la température ou demeure pratiquement constante. Ce fluide est de préférence constitué par un mélange d'argile et de silicate, et il convient pour un large éventail d'utilisations, notamment dans le forage de puits, ou comme d'autres fluides utilisés dans l'industrie gazière et pétrolifère.
PCT/GB1998/003822 1997-12-19 1998-12-18 Amelioration de la thermoviscosite de fluides a base d'eau; synthese et utilisation dans les fluides de forage WO1999032573A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU16782/99A AU1678299A (en) 1997-12-19 1998-12-18 Thermoviscosifying water based fluids; their synthesis and use in drilling fluids

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9726732.2 1997-12-19
GBGB9726732.2A GB9726732D0 (en) 1997-12-19 1997-12-19 Drilling fluid

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999032573A1 true WO1999032573A1 (fr) 1999-07-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/003822 WO1999032573A1 (fr) 1997-12-19 1998-12-18 Amelioration de la thermoviscosite de fluides a base d'eau; synthese et utilisation dans les fluides de forage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1678299A (fr)
GB (1) GB9726732D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999032573A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102604604A (zh) * 2012-02-06 2012-07-25 北京探矿工程研究所 一种钻井液材料及其制备和应用
CN104610940A (zh) * 2014-12-31 2015-05-13 中国石油天然气集团公司 一种低伤害储层保护钻井液及其制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2146693A (en) * 1936-12-08 1939-02-07 Texas Co Drilling muds
US2165823A (en) * 1936-07-21 1939-07-11 Texas Co Method of drilling wells
US2353230A (en) * 1939-07-01 1944-07-11 Texas Co Conditioning of drilling fluids
US3079335A (en) * 1960-12-15 1963-02-26 American Colloid Co Compositions useful in adjusting the viscosity and gel strength of aqueous drilling fluids
EP0617106A1 (fr) * 1993-03-22 1994-09-28 Phillips Petroleum Company Composition de fluide contenant un aluminate métallique ou un promoteur de viscosité et un composé de magnésium et procédé utilisant cette composition

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2165823A (en) * 1936-07-21 1939-07-11 Texas Co Method of drilling wells
US2146693A (en) * 1936-12-08 1939-02-07 Texas Co Drilling muds
US2353230A (en) * 1939-07-01 1944-07-11 Texas Co Conditioning of drilling fluids
US3079335A (en) * 1960-12-15 1963-02-26 American Colloid Co Compositions useful in adjusting the viscosity and gel strength of aqueous drilling fluids
EP0617106A1 (fr) * 1993-03-22 1994-09-28 Phillips Petroleum Company Composition de fluide contenant un aluminate métallique ou un promoteur de viscosité et un composé de magnésium et procédé utilisant cette composition

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102604604A (zh) * 2012-02-06 2012-07-25 北京探矿工程研究所 一种钻井液材料及其制备和应用
CN102604604B (zh) * 2012-02-06 2014-01-29 北京探矿工程研究所 一种钻井液材料及其制备和应用
CN104610940A (zh) * 2014-12-31 2015-05-13 中国石油天然气集团公司 一种低伤害储层保护钻井液及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9726732D0 (en) 1998-02-18
AU1678299A (en) 1999-07-12

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