+

WO1999013031A1 - Melanges d'emulsions - Google Patents

Melanges d'emulsions Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999013031A1
WO1999013031A1 PCT/US1998/018997 US9818997W WO9913031A1 WO 1999013031 A1 WO1999013031 A1 WO 1999013031A1 US 9818997 W US9818997 W US 9818997W WO 9913031 A1 WO9913031 A1 WO 9913031A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fischer
tropsch
emulsion
emulsions
liquids
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/018997
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Joseph Berlowitz
Robert Jay Wittenbrink
Original Assignee
Exxon Research And Engineering Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Research And Engineering Company filed Critical Exxon Research And Engineering Company
Priority to JP2000510826A priority Critical patent/JP4636682B2/ja
Priority to BRPI9811783-1A priority patent/BR9811783B1/pt
Priority to CA002301759A priority patent/CA2301759C/fr
Priority to DK98946959T priority patent/DK1029027T3/da
Priority to AU93856/98A priority patent/AU734716B2/en
Priority to DE69803797T priority patent/DE69803797T2/de
Priority to EP98946959A priority patent/EP1029027B1/fr
Publication of WO1999013031A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999013031A1/fr
Priority to NO20001243A priority patent/NO20001243L/no

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to emulsions comprising Fischer-Tropsch derived liquids and hydrocarbon liquids other than Fischer-Tropsch liquids, e.g., petroleum liquids, and water.
  • Hydrocarbon in water emulsions are well known and have a variety of uses, e.g., as fuels for power plants or internal combustion engines. These emulsions are generally described as macro-emulsions, that is, where the emulsion is cloudy or opaque as compared to micro-emulsions that are essentially clear, translucent, and more thermodynamically stable than macro-emulsions, the micro-emulsions having a higher level of surfactant.
  • aqueous fuel emulsions are known to reduce pollutants when burned as fuels
  • the methods for preparing emulsions and the materials used therein, e.g., surfactants and co-solvents, such as alcohols can be expensive.
  • the thermodynamic stability of macro-emulsions is relatively weak, particularly when low levels of surfactants are used in preparing the emulsions.
  • distillate fuel emulsions of conventional petroleum fuels can be upgraded, for example, to higher cetane index, by blending with Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbon liquids, e.g., distillates.
  • the stability of macro-emulsions is determined generally as the degree of separation occurring during a twenty-four hour period, usually the first twenty-four hour period after forming the emulsions.
  • a distillate emulsion which comprises water, a Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon other that a Fischer- Tropsch hydrocarbon, and a surfactant where the amount of surfactant employed is less than or equal to, preferably less than, the amount of surfactant required to emulsify either hydrocarbon by itself.
  • a synergistic effect occurs when non-Fischer- Tropsch hydrocarbon distillates are emulsified with water in the presence of Fischer- Tropsch hydrocarbon distillates.
  • Figure 1 is a plot of the minimum amount of surfactant required (ordinate) to emulsify blends of Fischer-Tropsch distillates and conventional petroleum distillates (abscissa).
  • Fischer-Tropsch liquids may contain trace amounts of oxygenates, including alcohols, these oxygenates being lower in concentration in the emulsions than would be present if an alcohol or other oxygen containing co-solvent was added to the emulsion.
  • the alcohol content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is nil in the sense of not being measurable, and is generally less than about 1 wt% based on the liquids, more preferably less than about 0.1 wt% based on the liquid.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch liquids used in this invention are those hydrocarbons that are liquid at room temperature.
  • these materials may be the raw liquids from the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis reactor, such as C 4 + liquids, preferably C 5 + liquids, more preferably C 5 - C ⁇ hydrocarbon containing liquids, or hydroisomerized Fischer-Tropsch liquids such as C 5 + liquids.
  • These materials generally containing at least about 90 wt% paraffins, normal or isoparaffins, preferably at least about 95 wt% paraffins, and more preferably at least about 98 wt% paraffins.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons may be further characterized as fuels: for example, naphthas, e.g. boiling in the range C 4 to about 320°F, preferably C 5 - 320°F, water emulsions of which may be used as power plant fuels; transportation fuels, jet fuels, e.g., boiling in the range of about 250 - 575°F, preferably 300 -550°F, and diesel fuels, e.g., boiling in the range of about 320 - 700°F.
  • Other liquids derived from Fischer-Tropsch materials and having higher boiling points are also included in the materials used in this invention.
  • the non-Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons can be obtained from a variety of sources, e.g., petroleum, shale liquids (kerogen), tar sand liquids (bitumen), or coal liquids.
  • sources e.g., petroleum, shale liquids (kerogen), tar sand liquids (bitumen), or coal liquids.
  • Preferred materials are petroleum derived hydrocarbons boiling in the same ranges as described for the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon containing liquids.
  • the emulsions contain less that 100 wt% of either Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon containing liquids or non-Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons containing liquids.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch liquids are present in amounts of about 10-90 wt% of the total hydrocarbons, more preferably at least about 20 wt% Fischer-Tropsch liquids, still more preferably 25-75 wt%, and still more preferably 40-60 wt% Fischer- Tropsch liquids.
  • the amounts of water and totally hydrocarbons in the emulsions can also vary over a wide range, for example, 90/10 hydrocarbon/water to 10/90 hydrocarbon/ water.
  • the hydrocarbon content will be greater than about 50 wt%, preferably greater than about 60 wt%, more preferably 60-85 wt%.
  • the water obtained from the Fischer- Tropsch process e.g., the water obtained from the Fischer- Tropsch process, e.g., the Fischer- Tropsch process, e.g.,
  • a generic composition of Fischer-Tropsch process water, in which oxygenates are preferably ⁇ 2.0 wt%, more preferably less than 1 wt% and useful for preparing hydrocarbon emulsions is shown below:
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived materials usually contain few unsaturates, e.g., ⁇ 1 wt%, olefins and aromatics, preferably less than about 0.5 wt% total aromatics, and nil-sulfur and nitrogen, i.e., less than about 50 ppm by weight sulfur or nitrogen.
  • Hydrotreated Fischer-Tropsch liquids may also be used which contain virtually zero or only trace amounts of oxygenates, olefins, aromatics, sulfur, and nitrogen.
  • the non-ionic surfactant is usually employed in amounts equal to or lower than that required for emulsifying petroleum derived liquids.
  • the surfactant concentration used is sufficient to allow the formation of the macro, relatively stable emulsion.
  • the amount of surfactant employed is at least about 0.001 wt% of the total emulsion, more preferably at least about 0.01 wt%, still more preferably about 0.05 to about 5 wt%, and still more preferably 0.05 to less than 3 wt%, and most preferably 0.05 to less than about 3 wt%, and most preferably 0.05 to less than about 2 wt%.
  • surfactants useful in preparing the emulsions of this invention are non- ionic and are non-ionic and are those used in preparing emulsions of petroleum derived or bitumen derived materials, and are well known to those skilled in the art. These surfactants usually have a HLB of about 7-25, preferably 9-15.
  • Useful surfactants for this invention include ethoxylated alkylphenols with 5 - 30 moles of ethyl eneoxide per molecule, linear alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated octylphenol, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated stearic acid, stearyl alcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated dialkyl phenol, and alkyl glycosides, preferably ethoxylated alkyl phenols, and more preferably ethoxylated nonylphenols with about 8-15 ethylene oxide units per molecule.
  • a particularly preferred emulsifier is an alkyl phenoxy polyalcohol, e.g., nonyl phenoxy poly (ethyleneoxy ethanol), commercially available from several sources, including the trade name Igepol.
  • water-fuel emulsions significantly improves characteristics of the fuels and particularly so in respect of the materials of this invention where Fischer-Tropsch water emulsions have better emission characteristics than petroleum derived emulsions, i.e., in regard to particulate emissions and NO x .
  • the emulsions of this invention are formed by conventional emulsion technology, that is, subjecting a mixture of the hydrocarbon, water and surfactant to sufficient shearing, as in a commercial blender or its equivalent for a period of time sufficient for forming the emulsions, e.g., generally a few seconds.
  • emulsion information see generally, "Colloidal Systems and Interfaces", S. Ross and I. D. Morrison, J. W. Wiley, NY, 1988.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch process is well known in these skilled in the art, see for example, U.S. Patent Nos.
  • 5,348,982 and 5,545,674 incorporated herein by reference and typically involves the reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a molar ratio of about 0.5/1 to 4/1, preferably 1.5/1 to 2.5/1, a temperatures of about 175-400°C, preferably about 180 - 240°C, a pressures of 1-100 bar, preferably about 10-50 bar, in the presence of a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, generally a supported or unsupported Group Vm, non-noble metal, e.g., Fe, Ni, Ru, Co and with or without a promoter, e.g. ruthenium, rhenium, hafnium, zirconium, titanium.
  • a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst generally a supported or unsupported Group Vm, non-noble metal, e.g., Fe, Ni, Ru, Co and with or without a promoter, e.g. ruthenium, rhenium, hafnium, zirconium, titanium.
  • Supports when used, can be refractory metal oxides such as Group IVB, i.e., titania, zirconia, or silica, alumina, or silica-alumina.
  • a preferred catalyst comprises a non-shifting catalyst, e.g., cobalt or ruthenium, preferably cobalt, with rhenium or zirconium as a promoter, preferably cobalt/rhenium supported on alumina, silica or titania, preferably titania.
  • the Fischer- Tropsch liquids i.e., C 5 +, preferably C 1 0+, are recovered and light gases, e.g., unreacted hydrogen and CO, Ci to C 3 or C and water are separated from the hydrocarbons.
  • Hydroisomerization conditions for Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrocarbons are well known to those skilled in the art. Generally, the conditions include:
  • Hydrocarbon consumption is a result of conditions.
  • Catalysts useful in hydroisomerization are typically bifunctional in nature containing an acid function as well a hydrogenation component.
  • a hydrocracking suppressant may also be added.
  • the hydrocracking suppressant may be either a Group IB metal, e.g., preferably copper, in amounts of about 0.1-10 wt%, or a source of sulfur, or both.
  • the source of sulfur can be provided by presulfiding the catalyst by known methods, for example, by treatment with hydrogen sulfide until breakthrough occurs.
  • the hydrogenation component may be Group VIII metal, either noble or non- noble metal.
  • the preferred non-noble metals can include nickel, cobalt, or iron, preferably nickel or cobalt, more preferably cobalt.
  • the Group VIII metal is usually present in catalytically effective amounts, that is, ranging from 0.1 to 20 wt%.
  • a Group VI metal is incorporated into the catalyst, e.g., molybdenum, in amounts of about 1-20 wt%.
  • the acid functionally can be furnished by a support with which the catalytic metal or metals can be composited by well known methods.
  • the support can be any refractory oxide or mixture of refractory oxides or zeolites or mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred supports include silica, alumina, silica-alumina-phosphates, titania, zirconia, vanadia and other Group III, IV, V or VI oxides, as well as Y sieves, such a ultra stable Y sieves.
  • Preferred supports include silica-alumina where the silica concentration of the bulk support is less than about 50 wt%, preferably less than about 35%, more preferably 15-30 wt%. When alumina is used as the support, small amounts of chlorine or fluorine may be incorporated into the support to provide the acid functionality.
  • a preferred support catalyst has surface areas in the range of about 180-440 m 2 /gm, preferably 230-350 m 2 /gm, a bulk density of about 0.5-1.0 g/ml, and a side crushing strength of about 0.8 to 3.5 kg/mm.
  • amorphous silica-alumina microspheres for use as supports is described in Ryland, Lloyd B., Tamele, M. W., and Wilson, J. N., Cracking Catalysts, Catalysis; Volume VII, Ed. Paul H. Emmett, Reinhold Publishing Corporation,, New York, 1960.
  • the 700°F+ conversion to 700°F-ranges from about 20-80%>, preferably 30-70%, more preferably about 40-60%, and essentially all olefins and oxygenated products are hydrogenated.
  • the catalysts can be prepared by any well known method, e.g., impregnation with an aqueous salt, incipient wetness technique, followed by drying at about 125- 150°C for 1-24 hours, calcination at about 300-500°C for about 1-6 hours, reduction by treatment with a hydrogen or a hydrogen containing gas, and, if desired, sulfiding by treatment with a sulfur containing gas, e.g., H 2 S at elevated temperatures.
  • the catalysts will then have about 0.01 to 10 wt% sulfur.
  • the metals can be composited or added to the catalyst either serially, in any order, or by co-impregnation of two or more metals.
  • the surfactant was first mixed with water and blended in a Waring blender for 5 seconds. Then the hydrocarbon was added and blended for one (1) minute. If an emulsion did not form, blending was continued in one (1) minute sequences, checking for an emulsion after each minute. If an emulsion did not form after a total of five (5) minutes blending time, emulsification was not successful.
  • Hydrocarbon ratio 30/70 Blend amount: 200 ml
  • Hydrocarbons Fischer-Tropsch diesel (250-700° F boiling range) described below and a conventional, petroleum derived European summer grade diesel fuel.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch diesel was prepared by converting hydrogen and carbon monoxide (H 2 :CO 2.11-2.16) to heavy paraffins in a slurry Fischer-Tropsch reactor with a titania supported cobalt/rhenium catalyst described in U.S. Patent No. 4,568,663.
  • the reaction conditions were about 425°F and 288 psig and a linear gas velocity of 17.5 cm/sec.
  • the alpha was 0.92.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch wax which was predominantly 500°F+ was hydroisomerized in a flow through fixed bed unit using a cobalt and molybdenum amorphous silica-alumina catalyst as described in U.S. 5,292,989 and U.S. 5,378,348.
  • Hydroisomerization conditions included 708°F, 750 psig H 2 2500 SCF/B H 2 and a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.7 - 0.8.
  • Hydroisomerization was conducted with recycle of 700°F reactor wax.
  • the combined feed ratio (Fresh Feed + Recycle Feed)/Fresh Feed was 1 :5.
  • the product was then fractionated and a nominal 320-700°F cut diesel was recovered. This product contained nil sulfur, nitrogen, aromatics, oxygen (ates), and unsaturates and is essentially 100% paraffinic.
  • Tests 1 and 11 were 100% petroleum derived diesel and 100% Fischer-Tropsch derived diesel, respectively, shown in Table I below.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des mélanges d'émulsions contenant des hydrocarbures de Fischer-Tropsch, des hydrocarbures autres que des hydrocarbures de Fischer-Tropsch, de l'eau et un tensio-actif.
PCT/US1998/018997 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Melanges d'emulsions WO1999013031A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000510826A JP4636682B2 (ja) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 マクロエマルジョンの製造方法
BRPI9811783-1A BR9811783B1 (pt) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 emulsão.
CA002301759A CA2301759C (fr) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Melanges d'emulsions
DK98946959T DK1029027T3 (da) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Emulsionsblandinger
AU93856/98A AU734716B2 (en) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Emulsion blends
DE69803797T DE69803797T2 (de) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Emulsionszusammensetzungen
EP98946959A EP1029027B1 (fr) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Melanges d'emulsions
NO20001243A NO20001243L (no) 1997-09-12 2000-03-09 Emulsjonblandinger

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/928,239 1997-09-12
US08/928,239 US6325833B1 (en) 1997-09-12 1997-09-12 Emulsion blends

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999013031A1 true WO1999013031A1 (fr) 1999-03-18

Family

ID=25455938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/018997 WO1999013031A1 (fr) 1997-09-12 1998-09-11 Melanges d'emulsions

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6325833B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1029027B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4636682B2 (fr)
AR (1) AR016400A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU734716B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9811783B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2301759C (fr)
DE (1) DE69803797T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1029027T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2172920T3 (fr)
MY (1) MY118919A (fr)
NO (1) NO20001243L (fr)
PT (1) PT1029027E (fr)
WO (1) WO1999013031A1 (fr)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6368367B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-04-09 The Lubrizol Corporation Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition
US6368366B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-04-09 The Lubrizol Corporation Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition
US6383237B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-05-07 Deborah A. Langer Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions
US6419714B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-07-16 The Lubrizol Corporation Emulsifier for an acqueous hydrocarbon fuel
US6530964B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2003-03-11 The Lubrizol Corporation Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel
US6652607B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2003-11-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Concentrated emulsion for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel
WO2004044107A1 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Compositions de carburant diesel
EP1477550A1 (fr) 2003-05-16 2004-11-17 Intevep S.A. Composition de tensio-actifs and émulsion eau-dans-huile
US6827749B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2004-12-07 The Lubrizol Corporation Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsions
US6833064B2 (en) 2000-05-02 2004-12-21 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Wide cut Fischer Tropsch diesel fuels
US6860909B2 (en) * 2000-05-02 2005-03-01 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Low emissions F-T fuel/cracked stock blends
US6913630B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2005-07-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Amino alkylphenol emulsifiers for an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel
EP1616933A2 (fr) 2000-05-05 2006-01-18 Intevep SA Emulsion d' eau en hydrocarbure utilisable comme combustible a faibles émissions et méthode de sa préparation
US7393877B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2008-07-01 Total France Process for the conversion of a synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of beta-SiC and effluent from this process
US7413583B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2008-08-19 The Lubrizol Corporation Emulsified fuels and engine oil synergy
CN110337489A (zh) * 2017-02-22 2019-10-15 株式会社大岛造船所 燃料组合物、船舶、以及燃料组合物自动切换系统

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6284806B1 (en) * 1997-09-12 2001-09-04 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Water emulsions of Fischer-Tropsch waxes
US7279017B2 (en) 2001-04-27 2007-10-09 Colt Engineering Corporation Method for converting heavy oil residuum to a useful fuel
US20030163946A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-04 Berlowitz Paul Joseph Low emissions fuel emulsion
FR2842820B1 (fr) * 2002-07-26 2005-06-17 Totalfinaelf France Combustible emulsionne eau/hydrocarbures, sa preparation et ses utilisations
US7341102B2 (en) 2005-04-28 2008-03-11 Diamond Qc Technologies Inc. Flue gas injection for heavy oil recovery
EP1816314B1 (fr) 2006-02-07 2010-12-15 Diamond QC Technologies Inc. Injection de gaz de carburant enrichi au dioxyde de carbone pour une récupération des hydrocarbures
JP2017039870A (ja) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-23 株式会社大島造船所 燃料組成物、船舶、及び燃料組成物自動切り替えシステム
US10982097B2 (en) * 2017-08-30 2021-04-20 Asphalt Systems, Inc. Coating system for asphalt and related methods

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209758A2 (fr) * 1985-07-13 1987-01-28 Hüls Aktiengesellschaft Combustibles pour moteurs et huiles de chauffage et application d'un système d'émulgateurs pour la préparation de ces combustibles et de ces huiles de chauffage
EP0363300A1 (fr) * 1988-07-14 1990-04-11 Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Procédé de préparation d'une émulsion d'huile en phase aqueuse
US5545674A (en) * 1987-05-07 1996-08-13 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Surface supported cobalt catalysts, process utilizing these catalysts for the preparation of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas and process for the preparation of said catalysts

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2920948A (en) * 1955-10-21 1960-01-12 Monsanto Chemicals Emulsified motor fuel
US3425429A (en) * 1967-01-11 1969-02-04 Chevron Res Method of moving viscous crude oil through a pipeline
US3819530A (en) * 1968-07-15 1974-06-25 Sun Oil Co Stabilized wax emulsions
US3641181A (en) * 1969-09-10 1972-02-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Microemulsion separation of organic compounds in liquid state
US4043829A (en) * 1971-08-26 1977-08-23 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Stabilized wax emulsions
JPS5269909A (en) * 1975-12-10 1977-06-10 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd Water-in-oil emulsion fuel
DE2854437A1 (de) * 1978-12-16 1980-06-26 Bayer Ag Kraftstoffe, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung
US4400177A (en) * 1979-09-24 1983-08-23 Cottell Eric Charles Fuels and methods for their production
US4618723A (en) * 1982-12-10 1986-10-21 The Standard Oil Company Reduction of carbon oxides with hydrogen sulfide
US4604188A (en) * 1983-08-11 1986-08-05 Mobil Oil Corporation Thermal upgrading of residual oil to light product and heavy residual fuel
US4568480A (en) * 1983-11-17 1986-02-04 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Microemulsions
US4568663A (en) * 1984-06-29 1986-02-04 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Cobalt catalysts for the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons and for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
DE3507380A1 (de) * 1985-03-02 1986-09-04 Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf Verdunstungshemmende mittel
CA1275400C (fr) * 1984-12-18 1990-10-23 Frank Peter Gortsema Catalyseurs et procedes de deparaffinage faisant appel a des tamis moleculaires non-zeolitiques
US4877414A (en) * 1988-03-31 1989-10-31 Kenneth Mekonen Fuel compositions
US5019543A (en) * 1989-07-05 1991-05-28 Exxon Research & Engineering Company High silica crystalline zeolites and process for their preparation
US5348982A (en) * 1990-04-04 1994-09-20 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Slurry bubble column (C-2391)
US5187138A (en) * 1991-09-16 1993-02-16 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Silica modified hydroisomerization catalyst
US5378348A (en) * 1993-07-22 1995-01-03 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Distillate fuel production from Fischer-Tropsch wax
DE4329244A1 (de) * 1993-08-31 1995-03-02 Sandoz Ag Wässrige Wachs- und Silicon-Dispersionen, deren Herstellung und Verwendung
US5958845A (en) * 1995-04-17 1999-09-28 Union Oil Company Of California Non-toxic, inexpensive synthetic drilling fluid
US5660714A (en) * 1995-07-14 1997-08-26 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Hydroconversion process utilizing a supported Ni-Cu hydroconversion catalyst
US6284806B1 (en) * 1997-09-12 2001-09-04 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Water emulsions of Fischer-Tropsch waxes
WO1999021943A1 (fr) * 1997-10-28 1999-05-06 University Of Kansas Center For Research, Inc. Melange de carburant d'allumage par compression contenant du brut synthetique leger et une base

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209758A2 (fr) * 1985-07-13 1987-01-28 Hüls Aktiengesellschaft Combustibles pour moteurs et huiles de chauffage et application d'un système d'émulgateurs pour la préparation de ces combustibles et de ces huiles de chauffage
US5545674A (en) * 1987-05-07 1996-08-13 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Surface supported cobalt catalysts, process utilizing these catalysts for the preparation of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas and process for the preparation of said catalysts
EP0363300A1 (fr) * 1988-07-14 1990-04-11 Canadian Occidental Petroleum Ltd. Procédé de préparation d'une émulsion d'huile en phase aqueuse

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6827749B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2004-12-07 The Lubrizol Corporation Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel emulsions
US6368366B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-04-09 The Lubrizol Corporation Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition
US6383237B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-05-07 Deborah A. Langer Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions
US6913630B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2005-07-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Amino alkylphenol emulsifiers for an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel
US6530964B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2003-03-11 The Lubrizol Corporation Continuous process for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel
US6652607B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2003-11-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Concentrated emulsion for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel
US6419714B2 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-07-16 The Lubrizol Corporation Emulsifier for an acqueous hydrocarbon fuel
US6368367B1 (en) 1999-07-07 2002-04-09 The Lubrizol Corporation Process and apparatus for making aqueous hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and aqueous hydrocarbon fuel composition
US6860909B2 (en) * 2000-05-02 2005-03-01 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Low emissions F-T fuel/cracked stock blends
US6833064B2 (en) 2000-05-02 2004-12-21 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Wide cut Fischer Tropsch diesel fuels
EP1616933A2 (fr) 2000-05-05 2006-01-18 Intevep SA Emulsion d' eau en hydrocarbure utilisable comme combustible a faibles émissions et méthode de sa préparation
US7276093B1 (en) 2000-05-05 2007-10-02 Inievep, S.A. Water in hydrocarbon emulsion useful as low emission fuel and method for forming same
US7704288B2 (en) 2000-05-05 2010-04-27 Intevep, S.A. Water in hydrocarbon emulsion useful as low emission fuel and method for forming same
WO2004044107A1 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-27 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Compositions de carburant diesel
US7229481B2 (en) 2002-11-13 2007-06-12 Shell Oil Company Diesel fuel compositions
EP1477550A1 (fr) 2003-05-16 2004-11-17 Intevep S.A. Composition de tensio-actifs and émulsion eau-dans-huile
US7413583B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2008-08-19 The Lubrizol Corporation Emulsified fuels and engine oil synergy
US7393877B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2008-07-01 Total France Process for the conversion of a synthesis gas to hydrocarbons in the presence of beta-SiC and effluent from this process
CN110337489A (zh) * 2017-02-22 2019-10-15 株式会社大岛造船所 燃料组合物、船舶、以及燃料组合物自动切换系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2301759C (fr) 2008-08-05
ES2172920T3 (es) 2002-10-01
BR9811783A (pt) 2000-09-12
AR016400A1 (es) 2001-07-04
PT1029027E (pt) 2002-06-28
CA2301759A1 (fr) 1999-03-18
NO20001243L (no) 2000-05-08
US6325833B1 (en) 2001-12-04
AU9385698A (en) 1999-03-29
AU734716B2 (en) 2001-06-21
MY118919A (en) 2005-02-28
EP1029027B1 (fr) 2002-02-06
JP2001515950A (ja) 2001-09-25
DE69803797D1 (de) 2002-03-21
DE69803797T2 (de) 2002-07-11
BR9811783B1 (pt) 2009-12-01
EP1029027A1 (fr) 2000-08-23
NO20001243D0 (no) 2000-03-09
JP4636682B2 (ja) 2011-02-23
DK1029027T3 (da) 2002-04-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU734716B2 (en) Emulsion blends
US6294587B1 (en) Water emulsions of Fischer-Tropsch liquids (LAW516)
AU721442B2 (en) Synthetic jet fuel and process for its production
CA2405780C (fr) Melanges de carburants diesel conventionnels et fischer-tropsch a faibles emissions et a faible teneur en soufre
AU671224B2 (en) Distillate fuel production from Fischer-Tropsch wax
CA2301760C (fr) Emusions aqueuses d'hydrocarbures par synthese de fisher-tropsch
JP2006517609A (ja) 最少量の水素消費による安定なオレフィン性フィッシャー・トロプシュ燃料の製造
MXPA00002187A (en) Emulsion blends
CA2479408C (fr) Carbureacteur de synthese et son procede de production

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BR CA JP MX NO SG

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2301759

Country of ref document: CA

Ref country code: CA

Ref document number: 2301759

Kind code of ref document: A

Format of ref document f/p: F

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: PA/a/2000/002187

Country of ref document: MX

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

Ref document number: 2000 510826

Kind code of ref document: A

Format of ref document f/p: F

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 93856/98

Country of ref document: AU

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1998946959

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1998946959

Country of ref document: EP

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 93856/98

Country of ref document: AU

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1998946959

Country of ref document: EP

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载