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WO1999011749A1 - Procede d'agglomeration destine a produire un melange detergent particulaire a polyamines modifiees - Google Patents

Procede d'agglomeration destine a produire un melange detergent particulaire a polyamines modifiees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999011749A1
WO1999011749A1 PCT/US1998/016808 US9816808W WO9911749A1 WO 1999011749 A1 WO1999011749 A1 WO 1999011749A1 US 9816808 W US9816808 W US 9816808W WO 9911749 A1 WO9911749 A1 WO 9911749A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
units
formula
alkylene
polyamine
mixtures
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/016808
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English (en)
Inventor
Benjamin Edgar Chapman Chapman
Michael Timothy Creedon
Adrian John Waynforth Angell
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The Procter & Gamble Company
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Publication of WO1999011749A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999011749A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C11D3/3723—Polyamines or polyalkyleneimines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
    • C11D11/0082—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents one or more of the detergent ingredients being in a liquefied state, e.g. slurry, paste or melt, and the process resulting in solid detergent particles such as granules, powders or beads
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0034—Fixed on a solid conventional detergent ingredient
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
    • C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
    • C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C11D3/3792—Amine oxide containing polymers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an agglomeration process for producing laundry detergent admix composition in particulate form that contain modified polyamines especially useful as cotton soil release and/or dispersant agents. More specifically, the process involves agglomerating a modified polyamine with a particulate carrier in one or more mixer/densifiers so as to provide the desired particulate detergent admix.
  • Various fabric surface modifying agents have been commercialized and are currently used in detergent compositions and fabric softener/antistatic articles and compositions.
  • surface modifying agents are soil release polymers.
  • Soil release polymers typically comprise an oligomeric or polymeric ester "backbone" and are generally very effective on polyester or other synthetic fabrics where the grease or similar hydrophobic stains form an attached film and are not easily removed in an aqueous laundering process.
  • the soil release polymers have a less dramatic effect on "blended” fabrics, that is, on fabrics that comprise a mixture of cotton and synthetic material, and have little or no effect on cotton articles.
  • polyester soil release agents yielding materials with enhanced product performance and capability of being incorporated into detergent formulations.
  • Modifications of the polymer backbone as well as the selection of proper end-capping groups have produced a wide variety of polyester soil release polymers.
  • end-cap modifications such as the use of sulfoaryl moieties and especially the low cost isethionate-derived end-capping units, have increased the range of solubility and adjunct ingredient compatibility of these polymers without sacrifice to soil release effectiveness.
  • Many polyester soil release polymers can now be formulated into both liquid as well as solid (i.e., granular) detergents.
  • Cotton is comprised of cellulose fibers that consist of anhydroglucose units joined by 1-4 linkages. These glycosidic linkages characterize the cotton cellulose as a polysaccharide whereas polyester soil release polymers are generally a combination of terephthalate and ethylene/propylene oxide residues. These differences in composition account for the difference in the fabric properties of cotton versus polyester fabric. Cotton is hydrophilic relative to polyester. Polyester is hydrophobic and attracts oily or greasy dirt and can be easily "dry cleaned”.
  • the terephthalate and ethyleneoxy/propyleneoxy backbone of polyester fabric does not contain reactive sites, such as the hydroxyl moieties of cotton, that react with stains in a different manner than synthetics. Many cotton stains become "fixed" and can only be resolved by bleaching the fabric.
  • fabric surface modifying agents for use on cotton fabrics has been elusive. Attempts by others to apply the paradigm of matching the structure of a soil release polymer with the structure of the fabric, a method successful in the polyester soil release polymer field, have nevertheless yielded marginal results when applied to other fabric surface modifying agents, especially for cotton fabrics. For example, the use of methylcellulose, a cotton polysaccharide with modified oligomeric units, proved to be more effective on polyesters than on cotton.
  • detergent formulators have been faced with the task of devising products to remove a broad spectrum of soils and stains from fabrics.
  • the varieties of soils and stains ranges within a spectrum spanning from polar soils, such as proteinaceous, clay, and inorganic soils, to non-polar soils, such as soot, carbon- black, by- products of incomplete hydrocarbon combustion, and organic soils.
  • polar soils such as proteinaceous, clay, and inorganic soils
  • non-polar soils such as soot, carbon- black
  • detergent compositions have become more complex as formulators attempt to provide products which handle all types of such soils concurrently.
  • Formulators have been highly successful in developing traditional dispersants which are particularly useful in suspending polar, highly charged, hydrophilic particles such as clay.
  • dispersants designed to disperse and suspend non-polar, hydrophobic-type soils and particulates have been more difficult to develop.
  • modified polyamines typically are extremely viscous liquids or waxy solids which cannot be advantageously sprayed onto granular detergent compositions.
  • these modified polyamines are usually highly viscous and yellow or otherwise not clear in color which in turn, discolors and causing caking of the detergent composition onto which it is sprayed.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,897,026 issued to Kearney discloses cellulosic textile materials having improved soil release and stain resistance properties obtained by reaction of an ethylene-maleic anhydride co-polymer with the hydroxyl moieties of the cotton polymers.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,912,681 issued to Dickson teaches a composition for applying a non-permanent soil release finish comprising a polycarboxylate polymer to a cotton fabric.
  • U.S. Patent 4,559,056 issued to Leigh, et alia discloses a process for treating cotton or synthetic fabrics with a composition comprising an organopolysiloxane elastomer, an organosiloxaneoxyalkylene copolymer crosslinking agent and a siloxane curing catalyst. See also U.S. Patent Nos. 4,579,681 and 4,614,519. These disclose vinyl caprolactam materials have their effectiveness limited to polyester fabrics, blends of cotton and polyester, and cotton fabrics rendered hydrophobic by finishing agents.
  • the present invention provides a process in which selected modified polyamines are agglomerated with a particulate carrier to form high active agglomerates for incorporation into fully formulated detergent compositions.
  • the process provides a particulate detergent admix containing selected modified polyamines that unexpectedly exhibit enhanced dispersancy and cleaning performance, especially relative to cotton-containing fabrics.
  • a process for an agglomerated detergent composition comprises the step of agglomerating from about 20%) to about 90%> by weight of a particulate carrier with from about 10%> to about 80% by weight of a water-soluble or dispersible, modified polyamine in a mixer so as to form agglomerates containing said particulate carrier and said modified polyamine, thereby forming said agglomerated detergent admix, said modified polyamine having a polyamine backbone corresponding to the formula:
  • W units are backbone units having the formula:
  • Y units are branching units having the formula:
  • backbone linking R units are selected from the group consisting of C2-C12 alkylene, C4-C12 alkenylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxy- alkylene, C 8 -C ⁇ 2 dialkylarylene, -(R ⁇ R 1 -, -(R 1 O) x R 5 (OR 1 ) x -, -(CH2CH(OR 2 )CH2 ⁇ ) z (R 1 O) y R 1 (OCH 2 CH(OR 2 )CH2) w - 5
  • R 1 is C -C 6 alkylene and mixtures thereof
  • R 2 is hydrogen, -(Rl ⁇ ) x B, and mixtures thereof
  • R ⁇ is Cj-Cig alkyl, C7-C12 arylalkyl, C7-C12 alkyl substituted aryl, Cg-C ⁇ aryl, and mixtures thereof
  • R 4 is C1-C12 alkylene, C4-C12 alkenylene, Cg-C ⁇ arylalkylene, Cg-Cjo arylene, and mixtures thereof
  • R ⁇ is C1-C12 alkylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxy-alkylene, Cg-Ci2 dialkylarylene, -C(O)-, -C(O)NHR6NHC(O)-, -RifOR
  • agglomerates refers to particles formed by agglomerating detergent granules or particles which typically have a smaller median particle size than the formed agglomerates. All documents cited herein are incorporated by reference, and all percentages used herein are expressed as "percent- by- weight” unless indicated otherwise. Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a process for producing an agglomerated detergent admix composition which provides a means by which selected modified polyamines can be incorporated into fully formulated detergent compositions without deleterious affecting its (physical properties and improving) cleaning performance and physical properties.
  • the present invention provides a suitable process for incorporating such modified polyamines at suitable active levels into a granular detergent admix having acceptable color (e.g., not excessive yellow), causing odor and physical properties.
  • the present process achieves this goal by using an agglomeration step with selected amounts of the modified polyamine and a particulate carrier to provide a high active particle which enhances the cleaning performance of the detergent composition as compared to compositions not containing such modified polyamines.
  • the process employs from about 10% to about 80%, more preferably from about 20% to about 65%, and most preferably from about 25% to about 50% by weight of the modified polyamine.
  • the particulate carrier is present in an amount of from about 20% to about 90%, more preferably from about 35% to about 80%), and most preferably from about 50% to about 75% by weight.
  • the particulate carrier can be any particulate material capable of holding or otherwise carrying the modified polyamines described herein that is suitable for use in detergent compositions.
  • the carrier can be particulate detergent materials traditionally used as a detergency builder or filler in fully formulated detergent compositions.
  • the particulate carrier is selected from the group consisting of aluminosilicates, phosphates, sulfates, carbonates, silicas and mixtures thereof.
  • Other preferable embodiments entail having the particulate carrier to be a mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and aluminosilicate.
  • the particulate carrier is aluminosilicate which is discussed in U.S. Patent No. 3,985,669 to Krummel et al or a precipitated silica, such as Sipernat 22 commercially available from DeGussa. This and the other suitable particulate carriers are discussed in U.S. Patent No. 5,658,867 to Pancheri et al.
  • the viscosity of the modified polyamine is beneficial for the viscosity of the modified polyamine to be from about 100 cps to about 5000 cps at a temperature of from about 4°C to about 50°C. This enhances adequate agglomeration in the current process.
  • the agglomeration step of the process preferably occurs in a conventional mixer including but not limited to a Lodige CB or KM mixer, Schugi or similar brand mixer.
  • the Lodige type of mixers essentially consist of a horizontal, hollow static cylinder having a centrally mounted rotating shaft around which several plough-shaped blades are attached.
  • the shaft rotates at a speed of from about 200 rpm to about 4000 rpm, more preferably from about 300 rpm to about 1600 rpm.
  • the mean residence time of the detergent ingredients in the mixer is preferably in range from about 1 second to about 20 minutes, and most preferably from about 0.5 minutes to about 15 minutes.
  • the particular time will largely depend on the process equipment and nature of the process (i.e., batch or continuous).
  • the present process typically provides agglomerates having a median particle size of from about 400 microns to about 700 microns, and more preferably from about 400 microns to about 600 microns.
  • the phrase "median particle size" refers to individual agglomerates and not individual particles or detergent granules.
  • other mixers can be used in series with the first mixer if additional agglomeration is desired and/or solvents can be added to one or more of the mixers to enhance agglomeration.
  • the agglomerates formed by the process are dried in a fluid bed dryer and/or further conditioned by cooling the agglomerates in a fluid bed cooler or similar apparatus as are well known in the art.
  • Other optional steps in the present process involve recycling oversized and undersized agglomerates as described in Capeci et al, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,489,392 and 5,516,448 (Procter & Gamble).
  • modified Polyamines used in the process invention are water-soluble or dispersible, especially useful for cleaning cotton-containing fabrics or as a dispersant.
  • These polyamines comprise backbones that can be either linear or cyclic.
  • the polyamine backbones can also comprise polyamine branching chains to a greater or lesser degree.
  • the polyamine backbones described herein are modified in such a manner that each nitrogen of the polyamine chain is thereafter described in terms of a unit that is substituted, quatemized, oxidized, or combinations thereof.
  • modification is defined as replacing a backbone -NH hydrogen atom by an E unit (substitution), quaternizing a backbone nitrogen (quatemized) or oxidizing a backbone nitrogen to the N-oxide (oxidized).
  • substitution and “substitution” are used interchangeably when referring to the process of replacing a hydrogen atom attached to a backbone nitrogen with an E unit. Quaternization or oxidation may take place in some circumstances without substitution, but preferably substitution is accompanied by oxidation or quaternization of at least one backbone nitrogen.
  • linear or non-cyclic polyamine backbones that comprise the polymers used in the process have the general formula:
  • -NH 2 is modified according to the present invention, it is thereafter defined as a Z "terminal" unit, or simply a Z unit. This unit can remain unmodified subject to the restrictions further described herein below.
  • secondary amine nitrogens comprising the backbone or branching chain once modified are defined as W "backbone" units.
  • W backbone
  • [N-R]- is modified according to the present invention, it is thereafter defined as a W "backbone” unit, or simply a W unit.
  • W backbone
  • some or all of the secondary amine moieties can remain unmodified. These unmodified secondary amine moieties by virtue of their position in the backbone chain remain "backbone” units.
  • tertiary amine nitrogens comprising the backbone or branching chain once modified are further referred to as Y "branching" units.
  • Y branch point of either the polyamine backbone or other branching chains or rings, having the structure
  • I — [N-R]- is modified according to the present invention, it is thereafter defined as a Y "branching" unit, or simply a Y unit.
  • some or all or the tertiary amine moieties can remain unmodified. These unmodified tertiary amine moieties by virtue of their position in the backbone chain remain “branching" units.
  • the R units associated with the V, W and Y unit nitrogens which serve to connect the polyamine nitrogens, are described herein below.
  • the final modified structure of the polyamines of the present invention can be therefore represented by the general formula
  • V(n-k+l) m Y n Y'kZ for cyclic polyamine polymers.
  • the polyamine backbones of the present invention comprise no rings.
  • the ratio of the index n to the index m relates to the relative degree of branching.
  • a fully non-branched linear modified polyamine according to the present invention has the formula vw m z that is, n is equal to 0. The greater the value of n (the lower the ratio of m to n), the greater the degree of branching in the molecule.
  • the value for m ranges from a minimum value of 4 to about 400, however larger values of m, especially when the value of the index n is very low or nearly 0, are also preferred.
  • Each polyamine nitrogen whether primary, secondary or tertiary, once modified according to the present invention, is further defined as being a member of one of three general classes; simple substituted, quatemized or oxidized. Those polyamine nitrogen units not modified are classed into V, W, Y, or Z units depending on whether they are primary, secondary or tertiary nitrogens. That is unmodified primary amine nitrogens are V or Z units, unmodified secondary amine nitrogens are W units and unmodified tertiary amine nitrogens are Y units for the purposes of the present invention.
  • Modified primary amine moieties are defined as V "terminal" units having one of three forms: a) simple substituted units having the structure:
  • Modified secondary amine moieties are defined as W "backbone" units having one of three forms: a) simple substituted units having the structure:
  • Modified tertiary amine moieties are defined as Y "branching" units having one of three forms: a) unmodified units having the structure:
  • Certain modified primary amine moieties are defined as Z "terminal" units having one of three forms: a) simple substituted units having the structure:
  • a primary amine unit comprising one E unit in the form of a hydroxyethyl moiety is a V terminal unit having the formula
  • Non-cyclic polyamine backbones according to the present invention comprise only one Z unit whereas cyclic polyamines can comprise no Z units.
  • the Z "terminal” unit can be substituted with any of the E units described further herein below, except when the Z unit is modified to form an N-oxide. In the case where the Z unit nitrogen is oxidized to an N-oxide, the nitrogen must be modified and therefore E cannot be a hydrogen.
  • the polyamines of the present invention comprise backbone R "linking" units that serve to connect the nitrogen atoms of the backbone.
  • R units comprise units that for the purposes of the present invention are referred to as “hydrocarbyl R” units and “oxy R” units.
  • the "hydrocarbyl" R units are C2-C12 alkylene, C4-C12 alkenylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene wherein the hydroxyl moiety may take any position on the R unit chain except the carbon atoms directly connected to the polyamine backbone nitrogens; C4-C12 dihydroxyalkylene wherein the hydroxyl moieties may occupy any two of the carbon atoms of the R unit chain except those carbon atoms directly connected to the polyamine backbone nitrogens; Cg-Ci2 dialkylarylene which for the purpose of the present invention are arylene moieties having two alkyl substituent groups as part of the linking chain.
  • a dialkylarylene unit has the formula
  • the unit need not be 1,4-substituted, but can also be 1,2 or 1,3 substituted C2-C12 alkylene, preferably ethylene, 1,2-propylene, and mixtures thereof, more preferably ethylene.
  • the "oxy" R units comprise -(R!O) X R5(OR1) X -, -CH 2 CH(OR 2 )CH 2 O) z (Rl O) y R! (OCH 2 CH(OR 2 )CH 2 ) w -, -CH 2 CH(OR 2 )CH 2 -, -(R1O) X R!-, and mixtures thereof.
  • R units are C2-C12 alkylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxyalkylene, Cg-Ci2 dialkylarylene, -(R1O) X R!-, -CH 2 CH(OR 2 )CH 2 -, -(CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 O) z (R 1 O ⁇ R 1 (OCH 2 CH-(OH)CH 2 ) w -, -(R*O) X R5(OR1) X -, more preferred R units are C2-C12 alkylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxyalkylene, -(R ⁇ R 1 -, -(R 1 O) x R 5 (OR 1 ) x -, -(CH2CH(OH)CH 2 O) z (RlO) y R 1 (OCH2CH-(OH)CH2)w- ?
  • R units are C2-C 2 alkylene, C3 hydroxyalkylene, and mixtures thereof, most preferred are C2-Cg alkylene.
  • the most preferred backbones of the present invention comprise at least 50% R units that are ethylene.
  • R! units are C2-C6 alkylene, and mixtures thereof, preferably ethylene.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, and -(R1O) X B, preferably hydrogen.
  • R3 is Ci-Cig alkyl, C7-C12 arylalkylene, C7-C12 alkyl substituted aryl, Cg-
  • R 3 units serve as part of E units described herein below.
  • R 4 is Cj-Ci2 alkylene, C4-C12 alkenylene, Cg-Cj2 arylalkylene, Cg-C ⁇ o arylene, preferably C ⁇ -Cio alkylene, Cg-Cj2 arylalkylene, more preferably C2-C alkylene, most preferably ethylene or butylene.
  • R5 is C1-C12 alkylene, C3-C12 hydroxyalkylene, C4-C12 dihydroxyalkylene, Cg-C ⁇ dialkylarylene, -C(O)-, -C(O)NHR 6 NHC(O)-, - C(O)(R4) r C(O)-, -R ⁇ OR 1 )-, -CH2CH(OH)CH 2 O(R 1 O)yR 1 OCH 2 CH(OH)CH2-, -C(O)(R 4 ) r C(O)-, -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 -, R 5 is preferably ethylene, -C(O)-, -C(O)N ⁇ R6NHC(O)-, -R ⁇ OR 1 )-, -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 -, -CH2CH(OH)CH 2 O(R 1 O) y R 1 OCH 2 CH- (OH)CH 2 -, more preferably -CH 2 CH
  • R ⁇ units Preferred "oxy" R units comprise the preferred Rl, R 2 , and R ⁇ units.
  • the preferred modified polyamines comprise at least 50% R units that are ethylene.
  • Preferred R , R 2 , and R ⁇ units are combined with the "oxy" R units to yield the preferred "oxy” R units in the following manner. i) Substituting more preferred R 5 into -(CH2CH2 ⁇ ) x R 5 (OCH 2 CH2) x - yields -(CH 2 CH2O) x CH2CHOHCH2(OCH 2 CH2) x -.
  • E units are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C22 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyl, C7-C22 arylalkyl, C2-C22 hydroxyalkyl, -(CH2) p CO2M, - (CH 2 ) q SO 3 M, -CH(CH2CO 2 M)CO 2 M, -(CH 2 ) p PO 3 M, -(R 1 0) m B, -C(O)R 3 , preferably hydrogen, C2-C22 hydroxyalkylene, benzyl, C1-C22 alkylene, -(R! ⁇ ) m B, -C(O)R 3 , -(CH 2 ) p CO 2 M, -(CH 2 ) q SO 3 M, -CH(CH CO 2 M)CO2M, more preferably C1-C22 alkylene, - (RlO) x B,
  • E units do not comprise hydrogen atom when the V, W or Z units are oxidized, that is the nitrogens are N-oxides.
  • the backbone chain or branching chains do not comprise units of the following structure:
  • E units do not comprise carbonyl moieties directly bonded to a nitrogen atom when the V, W or Z units are oxidized, that is, the nitrogens are N- oxides.
  • the E unit -C(O)R 3 moiety is not bonded to an N-oxide modified nitrogen, that is, there are no N-oxide amides having the structure
  • B is hydrogen, C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, -(CH 2 ) q SO 3 M, -(CH 2 ) p CO 2 M, -(CH 2 ) q - (CHSO 3 M)CH 2 SO 3 M, -(CH2) q (CHSO2M)CH 2 SO 3 M, -(CH 2 ) p PO 3 M, -PO3M, P referably hydrogen, -(CH 2 ) q SO 3 M, -(CH2) q (CHSO 3 M)CH2SO 3 M, -(CH 2 ) q - (CHS ⁇ 2M)CH S ⁇ 3M, more P referably hydrogen or -(CH 2 ) q SO 3 M.
  • M is hydrogen or a water soluble cation in sufficient amount to satisfy charge balance.
  • a sodium cation equally satisfies -(CH2) p CO2M, and - (CH2) q SO3M, thereby resulting in -(CH 2 ) p CO2Na, and -(CH2) q SO3Na moieties.
  • More than one monovalent cation, (sodium, potassium, etc.) can be combined to satisfy the required 516 chemical charge balance.
  • more than one anionic group may be charge balanced by a divalent cation, or more than one mono-valent cation may be necessary to satisfy the charge requirements of a poly-anionic radical.
  • a -(CH2) p P03M moiety substituted with sodium atoms has the formula - (CH2) PO3Na3.
  • Divalent cations such as calcium (Ca 2+ ) or magnesium (Mg 2+ ) may be substituted for or combined with other suitable mono-valent water soluble cations.
  • Preferred cations are sodium and potassium, more preferred is sodium.
  • X is a water soluble anion such as chlorine (Cl “ ), bromine (Br) and iodine (I “ ) or X can be any negatively charged radical such as sulfate (SO4 2 ”) and methosulfate (013803-)-
  • indices have the following values: p has the value from 1 to 6, q has the value from 0 to 6; r has the value 0 or 1; w has the value 0 or 1, x has the value from 1 to 100; y has the value from 0 to 100; z has the value 0 or 1; k is less than or equal to the value of n; m has the value from 4 to about 400, n has the value from 0 to about 200; m + n has the value of at least 5.
  • the preferred modified polyamines comprise polyamine backbones wherein less than about 50% of the R groups comprise "oxy" R units, preferably less than about 20% ⁇ , more preferably less than 5%, most preferably the R units comprise no "oxy" R units.
  • polyamines which comprise no "oxy" R units comprise polyamine backbones wherein less than 50% of the R groups comprise more than 3 carbon atoms.
  • ethylene, 1,2-propylene, and 1,3-propylene comprise 3 or less carbon atoms and are the preferred "hydrocarbyl" R units. That is when backbone R units are C2-C12 alkylene, preferred is C2-C3 alkylene, most preferred is ethylene.
  • the polyamines of the present invention comprise modified homogeneous and non-homogeneous polyamine backbones, wherein 100% or less of the -NH units are modified.
  • the term "homogeneous polyamine backbone” is defined as a polyamine backbone having R units that are the same (i.e., all ethylene). However, this sameness definition does not exclude polyamines that comprise other extraneous units comprising the polymer backbone which are present due to an artifact of the chosen method of chemical synthesis.
  • ethanolamine may be used as an "initiator" in the synthesis of polyethyleneimines, therefore a sample of polyethyleneimine that comprises one hydroxyethyl moiety resulting from the polymerization "initiator” would be considered to comprise a homogeneous polyamine backbone for the purposes of the present invention.
  • a polyamine backbone comprising all ethylene R units wherein no branching Y units are present is a homogeneous backbone.
  • a polyamine backbone comprising all ethylene R units is a homogeneous backbone regardless of the degree of branching or the number of cyclic branches present.
  • non-homogeneous polymer backbone refers to polyamine backbones that are a composite of various R unit lengths and R unit types.
  • a non-homogeneous backbone comprises R units that are a mixture of ethylene and 1,2-propylene units.
  • a mixture of "hydrocarbyl” and “oxy” R units is not necessary to provide a non-homogeneous backbone. The proper manipulation of these "R unit chain lengths" provides the formulator with the ability to modify the solubility and fabric substantivity of the modified polymers.
  • Preferred polyamines of the present invention comprise homogeneous polyamine backbones that are totally or partially substituted by polyethyleneoxy moieties, totally or partially quatemized amines, nitrogens totally or partially oxidized to N-oxides, and mixtures thereof.
  • polyethyleneoxy moieties totally or partially quatemized amines
  • nitrogens totally or partially oxidized to N-oxides, and mixtures thereof.
  • backbone amine nitrogens must be modified in the same manner, the choice of modification being left to the specific needs of the formulator.
  • the degree of ethoxylation is also determined by the specific requirements of the formulator.
  • the preferred polyamines that comprise the backbone of the compounds of the present invention are generally polyalkyleneamines (PAA's), polyalkyleneimines (PAI's), preferably polyethyleneamine (PEA's), polyethyleneimines (PEI's), or PEA's or PEI's connected by moieties having longer R units than the parent PAA's, PAI's, PEA's or PEI's.
  • a common polyalkyleneamine (PAA) is tetrabutylenepentamme. PEA's are obtained by reactions involving ammonia and ethylene dichloride, followed by fractional distillation. The common PEA's obtained are triethylenetetramine (TETA) and teraethylenepentamine (TEPA).
  • the cogenerically derived mixture does not appear to separate by distillation and can include other materials such as cyclic amines and particularly piperazines. There can also be present cyclic amines with side chains in which nitrogen atoms appear. See U.S. Patent 2,792,372, Dickinson, issued May 14, 1957, which describes the preparation of PEA's.
  • Preferred amine polymer backbones comprise R units that are C2 alkylene
  • PEI's polyethylenimines
  • Preferred PEI's have at least moderate branching, that is the ratio of m to n is less than 4:1, however PEI's having a ratio of m to n of about 2:1 are most preferred.
  • Preferred backbones, prior to modification have the general formula:
  • PEI's prior to modification, will have a molecular weight greater than about 200 daltons.
  • the relative proportions of primary, secondary and tertiary amine units in the polyamine backbone will vary, depending on the manner of preparation.
  • Each hydrogen atom attached to each nitrogen atom of the polyamine backbone chain represents a potential site for subsequent substitution, quaternization or oxidation.
  • polyamines can be repared, for example, by polymerizing ethyleneimine in the presence of a catalyst such as carbon dioxide, sodium bisulfite, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc.
  • a catalyst such as carbon dioxide, sodium bisulfite, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc.
  • Specific methods for preparing these polyamine backbones are disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,182,306, Ulrich et al., issued December 5, 1939; U.S. Patent 3,033,746, Mayle et al., issued May 8, 1962; U.S. Patent 2,208,095, Esselmann et al., issued July 16, 1940; U.S. Patent 2,806,839, Crowther, issued September 17, 1957; and U.S. Patent 2,553,696, Wilson, issued May 21, 1951; all herein incorporated by reference.
  • modified polyamines of the present invention comprising PEI's, are illustrated in Formulas I - IV:
  • Formula I depicts a polymer comprising a PEI backbone wherein all substitutable nitrogens are modified by replacement of hydrogen with a polyoxyalkyleneoxy unit, -(CH2CH2 ⁇ )7H, having the formula
  • Formula I This is an example of a polymer that is fully modified by one type of moiety.
  • Formula II depicts a polymer comprising a PEI backbone wherein all substitutable primary amine nitrogens are modified by replacement of hydrogen with a polyoxyalkyleneoxy unit, -(CH2CH2 ⁇ )7H, the molecule is then modified by subsequent oxidation of all oxidizable primary and secondary nitrogens to N-oxides, said polymer having the formula
  • Formula II Formula III depicts a polymer comprising a PEI backbone wherein all backbone hydrogen atoms are substituted and some backbone amine units are quatemized.
  • the substituents are polyoxyalkyleneoxy units, -(CH2CH2 ⁇ )7H, or methyl groups.
  • the modified PEI polymer has the formula
  • Formula III depicts a polymer comprising a PEI backbone wherein the backbone nitrogens are modified by substitution (i.e. by -(CH2CH2 ⁇ )7H or methyl), quatemized, oxidized to N-oxides or combinations thereof.
  • the resulting polymer has the formula
  • not all nitrogens of a unit class comprise the same modification.
  • the present invention allows the formulator to have a portion of the secondary amine nitrogens ethoxylated while having other secondary amine nitrogens oxidized to N-oxides.
  • This also applies to the primary amine nitrogens, in that the formulator may choose to modify all or a portion of the primary amine nitrogens with one or more substituents prior to oxidation or quaternization. Any possible combination of E groups can be substituted on the primary and secondary amine nitrogens, except for the restrictions described herein above.
  • This Example illustrates a method by which one of the selected modified polyamines is made.
  • the ethoxylation is conducted in a 2 gallon stirred stainless steel autoclave equipped for temperature measurement and control, pressure measurement, vacuum and inert gas purging, sampling, and for introduction of ethylene oxide as a liquid.
  • a -20 lb. net cylinder of ethylene oxide (ARC) is set up to deliver ethylene oxide as a liquid by a pump to the autoclave with the cylinder placed on a scale so that the weight change of the cylinder could be monitored.
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • the autoclave is then sealed and purged of air (by applying vacuum to minus 28" Hg followed by pressurization with nitrogen to 250 psia, then venting to atmospheric pressure).
  • the autoclave contents are heated to 130 °C while applying vacuum.
  • the autoclave is charged with nitrogen to about 250 psia while cooling the autoclave to about 105 °C.
  • Ethylene oxide is then added to the autoclave incrementally over time while closely monitoring the autoclave pressure, temperature, and ethylene oxide flow rate.
  • the ethylene oxide pump is turned off and cooling is applied to limit any temperature increase resulting from any reaction exotherm.
  • the temperature is maintained between 100 and 110 °C while the total pressure is allowed to gradually increase during the course of the reaction.
  • the temperature is increased to 110 °C and the autoclave is allowed to stir for an additional hour. At this point, vacuum is applied to remove any residual unreacted ethylene oxide.
  • Vacuum is removed and the autoclave is cooled to 105 °C while it is being charged with nitrogen to 250 psia and then vented to ambient pressure.
  • the autoclave is charged to 200 psia with nitrogen.
  • Ethylene oxide is again added to the autoclave incrementally as before while closely monitoring the autoclave pressure, temperature, and ethylene oxide flow rate while maintaining the temperature between 100 and 110 °C and limiting any temperature increases due to reaction exotherm.
  • 4500 g of ethylene oxide resulting in a total of 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of PEI nitrogen function
  • the temperature is increased to 110 °C and the mixture stirred for an additional hour.
  • the reaction mixture is then collected in nitrogen purged containers and eventually transferred into a 22 L three neck round bottomed flask equipped with heating and agitation.
  • the strong alkali catalyst is neutralized by adding 167 g methanesulfonic acid (1.74 moles).
  • the reaction mixture is then deodorized by passing about 100 cu. ft. of inert gas (argon or nitrogen) through a gas dispersion frit and through the reaction mixture while agitating and heating the mixture to 130 °C.
  • the final reaction product is cooled slightly and collected in glass containers purged with nitrogen. In other preparations the neutralization and deodorization is accomplished in the reactor before discharging the product.
  • a modified polyamine is made in accordance with Example I ("PEI 1800 E7") or by method similar to Example I except that the molecular weight and degree of ethoxylation is altered to the desired level (e.g., "PEI3000 E30” or "PEI600 E20") and used in the process of the current invention to form an agglomerated detergent admix composition.
  • a Lodige KM (“A"), Braun Model KSM2 household bean grinder (“B”), Braun Multiprac 280 Food Processor (“C”), or Hobart Ultra Power Blender Model KSM90 (“D”) is used as a mixer into which the modified polyamine is added continuously along with a mixture of selected ingredients from the list including sodium aluminosilicate (zeolite), sodium tripolyphosphate, silica (e.g.,
  • Sipemat 22 from DeGussa sodium sulfate, minor amounts of surfactants (e.g., linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl sulfates) and sodium carbonate.
  • the resulting product is in the form of agglomerates which are screened with conventional screening apparatus resulting in a uniform particle size distribution.
  • the compositions of the agglomerates exiting the mixer after screening and sizing are set forth in Table I below:

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé dans lequel des polyamines modifiées sélectionnées sont agglomérées à un support particulaire afin de produire une composition de mélange détergent aggloméré hautement active destinée à être incorporée dans des compositions détergentes entièrement formulées. La composition du mélange détergent produit selon le procédé présente un rendement amélioré du point de vue des propriétés à la fois de nettoyage et physiques.
PCT/US1998/016808 1997-08-28 1998-08-13 Procede d'agglomeration destine a produire un melange detergent particulaire a polyamines modifiees WO1999011749A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005095569A1 (fr) * 2004-03-03 2005-10-13 Unilever Plc Granules de detergent de blanchisserie solides presentant un tensioactif d'ammonium polyanionique et un liant non aqueux

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0351937A1 (fr) * 1988-07-21 1990-01-24 Unilever Plc Compositions détergentes et procédé pour leur préparation
EP0421664A2 (fr) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-10 Rohm And Haas Company Granulés contenant des polymères
US5108646A (en) * 1990-10-26 1992-04-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for agglomerating aluminosilicate or layered silicate detergent builders
EP0622454A1 (fr) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Structuration des tensioactifs liquides non-ioniques avant la granulation
US5366652A (en) * 1993-08-27 1994-11-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making high density detergent agglomerates using an anhydrous powder additive
WO1995032272A1 (fr) * 1994-05-25 1995-11-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de dispersion des salissures a base de polymeres du type polyalkyleneamine ethoxylee/propoxylee
US5516448A (en) * 1994-09-20 1996-05-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making a high density detergent composition which includes selected recycle streams for improved agglomerate
WO1998008925A1 (fr) * 1996-08-26 1998-03-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede d'agglomeration permettant de produire des compositions detergentes et consistant a effectuer le melange prealable de polymeres de polyamines modifiees
WO1998013453A1 (fr) * 1996-09-24 1998-04-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Particulate pour detergent

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0351937A1 (fr) * 1988-07-21 1990-01-24 Unilever Plc Compositions détergentes et procédé pour leur préparation
EP0421664A2 (fr) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-10 Rohm And Haas Company Granulés contenant des polymères
US5108646A (en) * 1990-10-26 1992-04-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for agglomerating aluminosilicate or layered silicate detergent builders
EP0622454A1 (fr) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Structuration des tensioactifs liquides non-ioniques avant la granulation
US5366652A (en) * 1993-08-27 1994-11-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making high density detergent agglomerates using an anhydrous powder additive
WO1995032272A1 (fr) * 1994-05-25 1995-11-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions de dispersion des salissures a base de polymeres du type polyalkyleneamine ethoxylee/propoxylee
US5516448A (en) * 1994-09-20 1996-05-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making a high density detergent composition which includes selected recycle streams for improved agglomerate
WO1998008925A1 (fr) * 1996-08-26 1998-03-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede d'agglomeration permettant de produire des compositions detergentes et consistant a effectuer le melange prealable de polymeres de polyamines modifiees
WO1998013453A1 (fr) * 1996-09-24 1998-04-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Particulate pour detergent

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005095569A1 (fr) * 2004-03-03 2005-10-13 Unilever Plc Granules de detergent de blanchisserie solides presentant un tensioactif d'ammonium polyanionique et un liant non aqueux

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