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WO1999011360A1 - Dispositif de dessalement d'eau par osmose inverse pour chambres sous pression avec piston en suspension et systeme de detection du positionnement de ce dernier - Google Patents

Dispositif de dessalement d'eau par osmose inverse pour chambres sous pression avec piston en suspension et systeme de detection du positionnement de ce dernier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999011360A1
WO1999011360A1 PCT/ES1998/000240 ES9800240W WO9911360A1 WO 1999011360 A1 WO1999011360 A1 WO 1999011360A1 ES 9800240 W ES9800240 W ES 9800240W WO 9911360 A1 WO9911360 A1 WO 9911360A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chambers
piston
water
pump
reverse osmosis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES1998/000240
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Manuel Barreto Avero
Original Assignee
Manuel Barreto Avero
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Manuel Barreto Avero filed Critical Manuel Barreto Avero
Priority to AU89799/98A priority Critical patent/AU8979998A/en
Publication of WO1999011360A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999011360A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/06—Energy recovery
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for desalination of water by reverse osmosis, a system that is based on the use of chambers with compensated pressures that allow the operational and functional phases to be carried out with a minimum energy expenditure, therefore requiring a much lower power than the necessary in the systems that are currently used for the same purposes. It also refers to a series of improvements that aim to simplify the system and achieve even greater efficiency in its operation, without reducing the performance obtained.
  • Water desalination, using the principle of reverse osmosis requires complex and expensive facilities, to which the high energy cost necessary to pump large flows of water at high pressure must be added and only use a maximum of 55% of it. In addition, these desalination plants require a high maintenance cost.
  • the system that has been recommended has been designed to solve this problem to full satisfaction based on a simple and effective solution that as a first advantage can be cited energy saving, simplicity and low cost of installation, as well as low cost maintenance due to the reduction of failures in the installation, since this is very simple.
  • the system in principle comprises two cylindrical tubes or nurse chambers that will be pressurized alternately with the osmosis membrane, these chambers or cylinders being connected by one end to the entrance of the membrane and the other end to the exit of rejection of it.
  • a loose piston with a very special design without friction is housed in each chamber or cylinder, which acts as a separation wall between the brine and the desalinated water and this in turn has a magnetic ring or well distributed magnets that will give at any time its position by means of magnetic sensors of the type reed ampoules that will be placed on the outside and throughout the chambers or nurse cylinders, being able to control in this way the amounts of water displaced, to make the change of chamber by means of an automatism, or computer system.
  • the piston also has valve covers for limit switches.
  • a first improvement consists in carrying out a previous pressurization of the nurse chambers before compensating their pressures with the osmosis membrane, being able to achieve that previous pressurization in various ways:
  • valves By a very small initial opening of the valves provided for the communication passages between the chambers and nurses osmosis membrane, in order to provide a minimal and negligible flow to the second pump, so that once balanced Pressures of this and the osmosis membrane, the valves open normally until they reach their maximum flow.
  • Another improvement of the invention focuses on the nature and structural characteristics of the pistons, which can be of any material, with any design and density, provided they meet the condition of "levitate" in the nurse chambers.
  • Another improvement is that the detection of the positioning of the pistons can be carried out by any known or known system, from the use of radiant energy by ultrasound, electromagnetic waves, etc., to be based on the echo of a radiation or the effect Doppler, and even based on the laser.
  • Another improvement consists in being able to replace the pump that circulates the water from the nurse chambers to the osmosis membrane, with a nozzle provided at the exit of the main pump or second pump located in the corresponding duct, through whose nozzle a venturi effect is achieved that simplifies the system without increasing energy consumption.
  • FIG 1 the system is shown in plan in the initial phase of operation, being able to see one of the side or nurse chambers that is with its piston in position to start its water filling stroke to desalt, with its outer valves open, and the opposite chamber with the piston walking in the opposite direction, supplying water to the membrane and with the outer valves closed.
  • figure 2 the same system of the previous figure is shown in an intermediate state where the two chambers work at the same time supplying water to the membrane, the pistons walk in the same direction and all the valves outside are closed.
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7 show two detailed views corresponding to the operation of the piston.
  • FIGS 12, 13, 14 and 15 show two phases of operation of the system in which precisely the improvements of the invention will be applied.
  • Figures 16, 17 and 18 show many other views of the system with a different means in each case to achieve the previous pressurization of the nurse chambers before compensating their pressures with that of the osmosis membrane.
  • Figures 19 and 20 show detailed views and the practical application of a nozzle to circulate the water of the nurse chambers to the osmosis membrane.
  • Figures 21, 22, and 23, show a detail and practical application of a turbine to circulate the water of the nurse chambers to the osmosis membrane.
  • Figures 24 and 25 show the system in operation with the nozzle and turbine, respectively, according to the details and practical application represented in figs. 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23.
  • Figure 26 finally shows a schematic detail of a particular form or embodiment of the ultrasonic detection means to know the position of the freely arranged pistons in the nurse chambers.
  • the system of the invention comprises two nurse chambers (5 and 5 ') provided with two pistons (6 and 6 ⁇ ) that serve as a dividing wall between the water to be desalted and the brine.
  • These pistons carry a magnetic field in their central line, produced by an inner magnet that is able to excite the rows of detectors (11 and 17) placed along all said chambers or nurse cylinders (5 and 5 " ).
  • the aforementioned chambers take the desalinated water supplied by the low pressure auxiliary pump (1) through the inlet valves (7-7 ') and this auxiliary pump (1) also supplies the water to the main or high pressure pump (2).
  • the chambers or nurse cylinders (5-5 ') are connected to the osmosis membrane (4) through the ducts of the recirculation valves (9-9') and brine (10-10 ') where the recirculation pump (3) will make the passage between chamber and membrane and membrane to chamber the brine.
  • the high pressure pump (2) which is the one to which It tries to reduce consumption, and it is the one that supplies the water that will pass through the membrane. The operation is as follows:
  • auxiliary pump (1) will give a gross flow rate that will branch off through the ducts (16 or 16 ') that go to the nurse chambers or cylinders, and through the duct (17) to the main, high pressure pump (2), which is responsible for introducing its flow to the osmosis membrane (4), and that is approximately 1/4 or 1/3 of the gross flow that enters the plant through the auxiliary pump (1).
  • the water supply of the cylinder or nurse chamber (5 ') to the membrane (4) will end when the piston (6') of the aforementioned fig. 1 reaches the end of its travel.
  • the work being done by the recirculation pump (3) is to pump a water flow equal to the amount of rejection water that the membranes allow and with a pressure less than 2 Kg./cm2, which is the friction of Brine in a 6 meter tube with 6 membranes (currently). Including the operation of the recirculation pump (3) in closed circuit until now without pressure, so that permeability in the membrane occurs, the high pressure pump (2) will be operated.
  • the water supply of the recirculation pump (3) to the membrane (4) will last what it takes for the piston (6 ') to travel in its path from right to left in the cylinder or nurse chamber (5'). Its starting position is detected because it carries a magnet (35) of fig. 5 that excites the first one on the right of the row of sensors or blister switches network (11-11 ') fig. 1, data that will be recorded by a processor or automaton (12).
  • the automaton Before the piston (6 ') ends its travel and at the point of interest, the automaton will be programmed so that when the sensor corresponding to that position of the piston (6') is excited, it will make the following valve changes: the inlet valves (7) and discharge (8) are closed, because being from the beginning of the operation open, the piston (6) corresponding to the chamber or cylinder (5) has moved from left to right, very quickly, being in this moment to the right of the camera (5) of fig. 2. With the external inlet and discharge valves (7-8-7'-8 ') all closed, the recirculation and brine valves (9) and (10) are opened, leaving the system pressurized with both chambers (5 ) and (5 ') as indicated in fig. 2.
  • a great novelty of the system lies in the piston, which has a very special design, with three great advantages.
  • the first is that it does not have seals and also does not rub against the cylinder walls, therefore there is no resistance to progress or wear or maintenance, it even has enough slack, enough, so that when advancing the piston is immersed in the sine of water, which keeps it separated from the cylinder, without rubbing, and without the need for the cylinder to be rectified inside, as would be the logical and usual.
  • the pistons can have many different shapes, but they can be solid or hollow, open or closed, ballasted or not and the materials can be as diverse as possible, and even of various materials, the condition is that it is stabilized within Water.
  • Fig. 8, 9, 10 and 11 give an idea of the forms it can take and its balance within the water.
  • the piston (39) of fig. 8 and fig. 9. It is a fairing and closed body, while fig.10 and fig.11 show an open shape where water enters.
  • the second great novelty in the piston is that it has one or more magnets incorporated that will detect its position, placing on the outside and along the chamber simple magnetic detectors of the type red blisters. It is convenient to use network magnetic switches, as these are extremely cheap and extremely reliable, and can also be placed, to guarantee contact, in a single sensor, more than one vial in parallel, although inductive, capacitive, detectors can also be used. of salinity etc.
  • the cameras may be made of composite, stainless steel or any material that does not interpose between the magnetic, electronic, or photonic flow, etc. of the detection system used. You can also use systems that detect positioning, such as magnetic rules that have steps with reading heads also dragged by magnetic fields on the piston, etc. The detection of the positioning of each piston not only provides the data of the volume of water existing at each moment, it also provides if the circulation pump has failed or if any piston has stopped and schedule an emergency stop, for example.
  • the third characteristic of the piston is that on each side of the piston, that is, in the center of the cylinder bases that configure it, the covers of the two valves would be arranged, whose respective seats would be at the end of the path, at the ends of the chamber nurse, both on one and the other side of it. These valves would serve as safety elements in case of failure of any of the system control valves, so that the brine does not pass to the membrane.
  • a detail of the positioning system is shown in figs.5, 6, and 7, and the detail of the limit switch divided into the mobile cover (36), which belongs to the piston (6), and the static seat (37) that belongs to the cylinder or chamber (5).
  • the piston passively divides the environment in which it is located, so that when complemented with the aforementioned positioning means, it can be known quite accurately where is the line that divides the water to be desalted from the brine, with no pressure difference on both sides of the piston, moving with the current as if it were a group of structured water molecules.
  • the system comprises, as described above, a pair of nurse chambers (5 and 5 ') provided with two pistons (6 and 6 ') that serve as a dividing wall between the water to be desalted and the brine.
  • Said pistons are equipped with a magnetic field in their central perimeter line, produced by an inner magnet that is capable of exciting paths of detectors (11 and 11 ') placed along the chambers (5 and 5'), the water to be desalinated from the supply provided by a first low pressure pump (1), through the inlet valves (7-7 ').
  • the output is made through the discharge valves (8-8 '), provided in the ducts (15 and 15'), the respective osmosis membrane (4) being connected to the chambers (5 and 5 ') through of the ducts (21-21 ') and (22-22') in which the recirculation and brine valves (9-9 ') and (10-10') are inserted.
  • the recirculation pump (3) Prior to the inlet duct (19), the recirculation pump (3) arranged in the duct (18 ') in which the ducts of the recirculation valves (9-9') concur.
  • the osmosis membrane (4) has an outlet (14) to the outside.
  • the recirculation and brine valves (9-9 ') and (10 and 10') would have a very special design since when they started to open they would not do so as a conventional valve but would let a tiny part of the flow escape That is capable of giving. When it says tiny flow we mean a quantity small enough that it is not appreciated in the pressure reading of the pressure gauge of the main pump.
  • the recirculation and brine valves (9) and (10) can continue to open normally at their maximum flow .
  • FIG (5) Another way to achieve "prior pressurization” is as shown in figure (5), by installing small valves (23-23 ') of very small flow with their respective conduits between the duct (18) of the high pump pressure (2) and the ducts (21-21 ') of the chambers (6-6') respectively, and that will open immediately after the inlet and discharge valves (7-8) and (7'-8 ' ) have been closed leaving the chambers (5 and 5 ') closed and at atmospheric pressure.
  • the section of these small valves has to be very small so that the pressure stabilization is so slow that the flow of the high pressure pump (2) is practically not diminished.
  • FIG 17 another variant of the "previous pressurization” can be observed, this time using an accumulator (65) such as nitrogen bladder, piston or other similar system, which will store an amount of water taken through the duct ( 24) of the high pressure pump (2) and that will pour into the chambers through the valves (23) and (23 '), at the right time.
  • an accumulator (65) such as nitrogen bladder, piston or other similar system
  • Another solution to solve the "previous pressurization” is the one shown in fig. 18, where a small auxiliary pressurization pump (66) provides the necessary flow to pressurize the chambers (6-6 ') to the pressure of the high pressure pump (2) through the small valves (23) and (23 ').
  • Another improvement of the invention consists in replacing the recirculation pump (3), which circulates the water of the chambers (5 and 5 ') to the membrane (4), and the rejection brine thereof again to the referred chambers (5 and 5 '), by other means that perform said function with more simplicity, being able to eliminate such recirculation pump (3) and be replaced by other means.
  • the design of the nozzle can be of very varied forms, since it can be simple or composed of several nozzles at the same time, and these can laminate the fluid in various ways, such as cylindrical jet, flat, in the form of sheets, etc.
  • the propeller (29) would be responsible for managing the flow that recirculates in a closed circuit and that all the flow of the high pressure pump (2) would flow through the outlet (60).
  • a helical-type turboprop has been put on, but any type of turbo-pump can be put on, the normal thing nowadays would be the classic centrifugal-type turbo-pump or BOOSTER as can be seen in figure 25
  • Another improvement consists in the way of detecting the positioning of the pistons (6 and 6 '), as well as their characteristics.
  • the detection of the position of the piston can also be achieved by ultrasound, or with other types of radiant energy, such as electromagnetic waves, using the most appropriate frequency ranges.
  • Systems that are based on the echo of a radiation or also, those based on the Doppler effect are widely used systems to measure distances or speeds.
  • Lasers are also consistent beams widely used in navigation and ballistics with very accurate results. Thanks to the optical transparency of the water, the telemetry systems of convergence of light beams or autofocus with photoreceptors can be used for this purpose.
  • the placement of the sensors would be appropriate to the detection system used, if, for example, photoelectric detectors are used, perforations would be made throughout the cylinder's generator, if we use an "echo system”"or” Doppler "could be placed the emitters and receivers of the signal in the covers or bases of the cylinders or chambers, as illustrated in fig.
  • the material with which the piston must be constructed does not precisely have to be of density equal to that of brine or seawater, can be of any material that resists working conditions, can be metallic, for example, and carry floats constructed with suitable materials, what is intended is that in the end the assembly is levitating within the water, even as on one side the piston has brine and on the other water to desalinate, it can be designed with different buoyancy, on the one hand and on the other depending on the densities of the water on either side of the piston. Fulfilling the condition of having a buoyancy equal to "zero", the shape of the piston can be as varied as desired.
  • the piston is already guided inside the cylinder, but if desired, for large pistons, guides or rails can be placed inside the cylinder, where it will slide without weight, by means of skates or wheels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend deux tubes cylindriques ou chambres d'alimentation qui sont alternativement placées sous pression par la membrane d'osmose. Ces deux chambres ou tubes cylindriques sont reliées, au niveau d'une extrémité, à l'entrée de la membrane, et à la sortie de saumure, au niveau de l'autre extrémité. Une forte pression est appliquée sur les deux côtés de la membrane, avec la chambre d'alimentation. De ce fait, la circulation d'eau nécessite peu d'énergie, et le système d'osmose inverse selon l'invention permet de réaliser ainsi des économies d'énergie. Un piston flottant est logé, sans frottement, dans chaque chambre ou tube cylindrique et constitue une cloison de séparation entre la saumure et l'eau à dessaler. Ce piston est pourvu d'aimants qui permettent d'indiquer sa position à l'aide de senseurs placés à l'extérieur des chambres. Il est ainsi possible de contrôler les quantités d'eau déplacées dans le but de changer de chambre. En outre, une pressurisation est assurée avant chaque cycle.
PCT/ES1998/000240 1997-09-03 1998-09-02 Dispositif de dessalement d'eau par osmose inverse pour chambres sous pression avec piston en suspension et systeme de detection du positionnement de ce dernier WO1999011360A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU89799/98A AU8979998A (en) 1997-09-03 1998-09-02 Desalting apparatus for the desalting of water by reverse osmosis through pressurised chambers with suspension piston and system for detecting the piston position

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES9701877 1997-09-03
ESP9701877 1997-09-03
ESP9800098 1998-01-20
ES9800098 1998-01-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999011360A1 true WO1999011360A1 (fr) 1999-03-11

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PCT/ES1998/000240 WO1999011360A1 (fr) 1997-09-03 1998-09-02 Dispositif de dessalement d'eau par osmose inverse pour chambres sous pression avec piston en suspension et systeme de detection du positionnement de ce dernier

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Country Link
AU (1) AU8979998A (fr)
MA (1) MA24642A1 (fr)
TN (1) TNSN98161A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999011360A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2162592A1 (es) * 1999-06-16 2001-12-16 Bjorn Lyng Procedimiento e instalacion para la produccion de agua dulce a partir de agua salada.
US6579451B1 (en) 1998-06-30 2003-06-17 Manuel Barreto Avero Water desalting installation through reverse osmosis with pressurized supply tanks in continuous kinetic cycle
RU2232627C1 (ru) * 2002-11-04 2004-07-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Исследовательский Центр им. М.В. Келдыша" Устройство рекуперации энергии концентрата в опреснительных установках
DE102009020932A1 (de) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Druckaustauscher mit Linearantrieb
WO2011070185A1 (fr) * 2009-10-16 2011-06-16 Manuel Barreto Avero Système hybride modulaire de chambres statiques à rotation virtuelle pour une économie d'énergie lors du dessalement par osmose inverse
ES2372107A1 (es) * 2009-10-16 2012-01-16 Manuel Barreto Avero Sistema híbrido modular de cámaras estáticas con rotación virtual para ahorro energético en desalación por osmosis inversa.
GB2540603A (en) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-25 Ide Technologies Ltd Imroved reverse osmotic process for cleaning water

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3489159A (en) * 1965-08-18 1970-01-13 Cheng Chen Yen Method and apparatus for pressurizing and depressurizing of fluids
US4243523A (en) * 1978-08-07 1981-01-06 Allied Water Corporation Water purification process and system
EP0055981A1 (fr) * 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 D. José Luis Ramo Mesple Système de dessalement de l'eau selon le procédé d'osmose inverse
US4367140A (en) * 1979-11-05 1983-01-04 Sykes Ocean Water Ltd. Reverse osmosis liquid purification apparatus
US5306428A (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-04-26 Tonner John B Method of recovering energy from reverse osmosis waste streams
WO1997029049A1 (fr) * 1996-02-07 1997-08-14 Manuel Barreto Avero Systeme de dessalement de l'eau de mer par osmose inverse, avec renouvellement permanent de l'eau a dessaler

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3489159A (en) * 1965-08-18 1970-01-13 Cheng Chen Yen Method and apparatus for pressurizing and depressurizing of fluids
US4243523A (en) * 1978-08-07 1981-01-06 Allied Water Corporation Water purification process and system
US4367140A (en) * 1979-11-05 1983-01-04 Sykes Ocean Water Ltd. Reverse osmosis liquid purification apparatus
EP0055981A1 (fr) * 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 D. José Luis Ramo Mesple Système de dessalement de l'eau selon le procédé d'osmose inverse
US5306428A (en) * 1992-10-29 1994-04-26 Tonner John B Method of recovering energy from reverse osmosis waste streams
WO1997029049A1 (fr) * 1996-02-07 1997-08-14 Manuel Barreto Avero Systeme de dessalement de l'eau de mer par osmose inverse, avec renouvellement permanent de l'eau a dessaler

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6579451B1 (en) 1998-06-30 2003-06-17 Manuel Barreto Avero Water desalting installation through reverse osmosis with pressurized supply tanks in continuous kinetic cycle
ES2162592A1 (es) * 1999-06-16 2001-12-16 Bjorn Lyng Procedimiento e instalacion para la produccion de agua dulce a partir de agua salada.
RU2232627C1 (ru) * 2002-11-04 2004-07-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Исследовательский Центр им. М.В. Келдыша" Устройство рекуперации энергии концентрата в опреснительных установках
DE102009020932A1 (de) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Druckaustauscher mit Linearantrieb
WO2011070185A1 (fr) * 2009-10-16 2011-06-16 Manuel Barreto Avero Système hybride modulaire de chambres statiques à rotation virtuelle pour une économie d'énergie lors du dessalement par osmose inverse
ES2372107A1 (es) * 2009-10-16 2012-01-16 Manuel Barreto Avero Sistema híbrido modular de cámaras estáticas con rotación virtual para ahorro energético en desalación por osmosis inversa.
GB2540603A (en) * 2015-07-23 2017-01-25 Ide Technologies Ltd Imroved reverse osmotic process for cleaning water

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TNSN98161A1 (fr) 2000-12-29
AU8979998A (en) 1999-03-22
MA24642A1 (fr) 1999-04-01

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