WO1999009575A2 - Fuse element for electric installations - Google Patents
Fuse element for electric installations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999009575A2 WO1999009575A2 PCT/EP1998/004683 EP9804683W WO9909575A2 WO 1999009575 A2 WO1999009575 A2 WO 1999009575A2 EP 9804683 W EP9804683 W EP 9804683W WO 9909575 A2 WO9909575 A2 WO 9909575A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuse
- reaction
- current
- fuse element
- reaction element
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015047 pilsener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
- H01H85/055—Fusible members
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for DC applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
- H01H2085/466—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device with remote controlled forced fusing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
- H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
- H01H85/055—Fusible members
- H01H85/06—Fusible members characterised by the fusible material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
- H01H85/02—Details
- H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuse element for electrical systems, in particular for vehicles.
- Fuses are used in particular in motor vehicles to protect electrical lines. Fusing with fuses has the disadvantage that optimal fuses cannot be achieved with these fuses.
- the electrical current through the fuse is measured and a thyristor is connected in parallel with the line to be protected, which can be switched on in the event of an overcurrent. As soon as a threshold value is exceeded, the thyristor switches on and generates an additional, high overcurrent in the fuse, which should trigger the fuse.
- the disadvantage of this arrangement is that large thyristors with nominal currents of a few hundred amperes or multiple thyristors must be used in parallel for large fuse values with high nominal tripping currents. It is not ensured that the necessary nominal currents for triggering the corresponding thyristors can be applied by a battery in a vehicle.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a fuse which has a defined tripping current and which is also suitable for high tripping nominal currents.
- the invention consists in that the securing element has a fuse element which is at least partially formed by a reaction element in which an ignition signal leads to an exothermic reaction in which the melting temperature of the reaction element and / or the fuse element is at least locally exceeded.
- the reaction element preferably has aluminum and / or nickel and / or iron.
- the reaction element preferably consists of a welding foil, which consists of a layer sequence of a plurality of alternately arranged, very thin metal foils.
- the advantage here is that a reaction of the metal foils to one another can be triggered by an ignition signal, the welding foil melting and permanently interrupting the circuit very quickly.
- a preferred embodiment is that the reaction element is formed at least in regions by a fine-grain powder.
- the heating element can preferably be switched on in a controlled manner in that an ignition signal can be triggered as a function of undesired operating states in the vehicle electrical system and / or a vehicle.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment consists in connecting the securing element to a control unit for controlling the ignition pulses. This makes it possible to simulate different characteristics and also different nominal tripping currents with the same fuse element, so that the triggering curve of the fuse element can be changed dynamically.
- fuses consist of a defined shaped electrical conductor with a defined resistance.
- the current is used to heat the conductor, preferably in a specially prepared area, hereinafter referred to as the fusible conductor, and, depending on the fuse type, reaches its melting point between 420 ° C and over 1000 ° C.
- the melting of the fuse leads to an interruption in the circuit.
- a tin pill is often applied to the fuse element, which melts above 230 ° C. and enters into a reaction with the fuse element material, which results in a lowering of the melting point of the fuse element.
- a fuse element according to the invention has a fusible conductor which at least partially consists of a material which carries out a self-sustaining exothermic reaction as soon as this is triggered by an ignition pulse.
- An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the requirements for the original securing element with regard to design tolerances can be reduced.
- a great advantage of the invention is the possibility of simulating different characteristics and / or different nominal tripping currents with the same fuse element.
- the triggering time of the safety element can advantageously be changed dynamically by a suitable intelligent control unit. This has the favorable consequence that the same securing element can be used for different loads on an electrical conductor, particularly in the case of different vehicles or vehicle variants. This makes it possible to operate different vehicles with a relatively uniform electrical see protective equipment, which simplifies production and brings cost advantages.
- fuse elements according to the invention can preferably be controlled via multiple switches.
- a preferred exothermic reaction element consists in particular of a welding foil, which triggers a strongly exothermic reaction through the action of an ignition pulse and reaches very high temperatures in a very short time.
- the welding foil preferably consists of a series of very thin metal foils, in particular aluminum and nickel foils and / or iron foils, which are alternately stacked on top of one another.
- a typical layer thickness of the individual foils is in the range from a few atomic layers to 100 atomic layers.
- the metal foil constituents react with each other and typically heat up from 25 ° C to over 1000 ° C in a few milliseconds.
- reaction elements can surround the fusible conductor, in particular a powdery reaction material can surround the fusible conductor in a capsule or be arranged adjacent to the fusible conductor in a capsule.
- the grain size of the powder is preferably in the submicron range.
- a preferred ignition method is to apply a transistor or a current surge from a capacitor to the reaction element.
- a further preferred ignition method is to apply the reaction element by means of optical excitation, in particular with ultraviolet radiation, and / or external thermal heating. It is sufficient to heat the reaction element locally in order to start the reaction there.
- Another suitable ignition method is to subject the reaction element to an ignition spark from a battery or an arc.
- a battery 1 in an on-board electrical system supplies a consumer 10.
- a fuse element is arranged between the battery 1 and the consumer 10, which has a consumer-side connection 3, a battery-side connection 2 and an intermediate fuse element 12.
- the fuse element is formed entirely from the reaction element.
- the fuse element 12 is connected to a component 7, in particular to the drain connection of a MOSFET which is connected to ground on the source side.
- the component 7 is connected to the reaction element 12 via a contact point 13 designed as a control connection.
- the component 7, which is controlled as a function of a fault can, depending on the ignition method used, also comprise a capacitor, a heat source, a battery, a high-voltage element or a light source, which provide or switch the triggering energy in the event of a fault.
- the current in a line 11 can be determined, which leads from the fuse element 2, 3, 12 to the consumer 10.
- a triggering curve of the securing element is stored in the evaluation unit 8. In the simplest case, this can be a threshold value and / or a current / time behavior of the fuse element.
- unit 8 switches component 7 on, so that a start or ignition pulse is generated and the reaction element, which acts as a fusible conductor, ignites. This heats up very quickly due to the exothermic heating of its material and melts, as a result of which the circuit is interrupted safely and in a short time.
- the MOSFET used as a switch in the event of a fault, is controlled by the trigger unit 8 in the conductive state, so that in addition a short-circuit current flows to the fault current through the fuse element 2, 3, 12 to ground, and the additional heating of the fuse element 12 which is triggered in this way initiates its exothermic self-destruction.
- the evaluation unit 8 can also be controlled by an impact sensor which, in the event of an accident in the vehicle equipped with it, e.g. fuse element 2, 3, 12 or other fuse elements used as the main fuse.
- an impact sensor which, in the event of an accident in the vehicle equipped with it, e.g. fuse element 2, 3, 12 or other fuse elements used as the main fuse.
Landscapes
- Fuses (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Sicherungselement für elektrische Anlagen Fuse element for electrical systems
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherungselement für elektrische Anlagen, insbesondere für Fahrzeuge.The invention relates to a fuse element for electrical systems, in particular for vehicles.
Insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen werden zur Absicherung von elektrischen Leitungen Schmelzsicherungen eingesetzt. Die Absicherung mit Schmelzsicherungen hat den Nachteil, daß sich mit diesen Sicherungen kein optimaler Leitungsschutz erreichen läßt.Fuses are used in particular in motor vehicles to protect electrical lines. Fusing with fuses has the disadvantage that optimal fuses cannot be achieved with these fuses.
Beim Auftreten kurzfristig anliegender Überströme kann eine übliche elektrische Leitung im Fahrzeug wesentlich mehr Strom tragen als die Schmelzsicherung, so daß für kurzzeitige Überströme eine übliche Schmelzsicherung unterdimensioniert ist. Im Bereich länger andauernder Überströme schaltet die Sicherung dagegen zu spät ab, so daß in diesem Fall eine elektrische Leitung und/oder Verbraucher nicht ausreichend geschützt ist. Bei einem Überstrom von 35% gegenüber dem nominalen Auslösestrom der Sicherung kann es bis zu einer halben Stunde dauern, bis eine Schmelzsicherung tatsächlich auslöst. Bei einem Überstrom von 250%, der dem 3,5-fachen nominalen Auslösestrom der Sicherung entspricht, kann es noch 5 Sekunden bis zur Sicherungsauslösung dauern.When short-term overcurrents occur, a conventional electrical line in the vehicle can carry considerably more current than the fuse, so that a conventional fuse is under-dimensioned for short-term overcurrents. In the area of longer overcurrents, however, the fuse switches off too late, so that in this case an electrical line and / or consumer is not adequately protected. With an overcurrent of 35% compared to the nominal fuse trip current, it can take up to half an hour for a fuse to actually trip. With an overcurrent of 250%, which corresponds to 3.5 times the nominal tripping current of the fuse, it can still take 5 seconds until the fuse is tripped.
Ein weiteres Problem ist dadurch gegeben, daß bei Sicherungs werten mit hohen nominalen Auslösestromwerten der tatsächliche Auslösestrom wesentlich höher sein muß, um die Sicherung ausreichend schnell auszulösen. Für eine Schmelzsicherung mit einem nominalen Auslösestrom von 250 A oder mehr bedeutet dies, daß bei einem Überstrom von 250% demnach ein Strom von mindestens 875 A fließen muß, um die Sicherung ausreichend schnell auszulösen. Bei einem Kurzschluß mehrerer Leitungen, insbesondere in einem Fah- zeug bei einem Unfall, kann nicht sichergestellt werden, daß die Batterie überhaupt einen ausreichend großen Strom zum Auslösen einer solchen Schmelzsicherung zur Verfügung stellen kann. In der DE-Al-195 27 997 ist eine Anordnung offenbart, mit der das Auslösen einer Schmelzsicherung besser vorgebbar ist. Dabei wird der elektrische Strom durch die Sicherung gemessen und parallel zur abzusichernden Leitung ein Thyristor geschaltet, der im Fall eines Überstromes definiert eingeschaltet werden kann. Sobald ein Schwellwert überschritten ist, schaltet der Thyristor ein und erzeugt einen zusätzlichen, hohen Überstrom in der Sicherung, der zum Auslösen der Sicherung führen soll. Der Nachteil dieser Anordnung besteht darin, daß für große Sicherungswerte mit hohen nominalen Auslöseströmen große Thyristoren mit Nennströmen von einigen hundert Ampere, bzw. mehrere Thyristoren par- allel eingesetzt werden müssen. Es ist nicht sichergestellt, daß die notwendigen Nennströme für das Auslösen entsprechender Thyristoren überhaupt von einer Batterie in einem Fahrzeug aufgebracht werden können.Another problem is that in the case of fuse values with high nominal tripping current values, the actual tripping current must be considerably higher in order to trigger the fuse sufficiently quickly. For a fuse with a nominal tripping current of 250 A or more, this means that with an overcurrent of 250%, a current of at least 875 A must flow in order to trip the fuse sufficiently quickly. If several lines are short-circuited, particularly in a vehicle in the event of an accident, it cannot be ensured that the battery can provide a sufficiently large current to trigger such a fuse. DE-Al-195 27 997 discloses an arrangement with which the triggering of a fuse can be specified more easily. The electrical current through the fuse is measured and a thyristor is connected in parallel with the line to be protected, which can be switched on in the event of an overcurrent. As soon as a threshold value is exceeded, the thyristor switches on and generates an additional, high overcurrent in the fuse, which should trigger the fuse. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that large thyristors with nominal currents of a few hundred amperes or multiple thyristors must be used in parallel for large fuse values with high nominal tripping currents. It is not ensured that the necessary nominal currents for triggering the corresponding thyristors can be applied by a battery in a vehicle.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schmelzsicherung anzugeben, die einen definierten Auslösestrom aufweist und die auch für hohe Auslöse-Nennströme geeignet ist.The invention is based on the object of specifying a fuse which has a defined tripping current and which is also suitable for high tripping nominal currents.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weiterführende und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen und der Beschreibung zu entnehmen.The object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further and advantageous refinements can be found in the subclaims and the description.
Die Erfindung besteht darin, daß das Sicherungselement einen Schmelzleiters aufweist, der zumindest partiell durch ein Reaktionselements gebildet ist, bei dem ein Zündsignal zu einer exothermen Reaktion führt, bei der die Schmelztemperatur des Reaktionselements und/oder des Schmelzleiters zumindest lokal überschritten wird.The invention consists in that the securing element has a fuse element which is at least partially formed by a reaction element in which an ignition signal leads to an exothermic reaction in which the melting temperature of the reaction element and / or the fuse element is at least locally exceeded.
Bevorzugt weist das Reaktionselement Aluminium und/oder Nickel und/oder Eisen auf.The reaction element preferably has aluminum and / or nickel and / or iron.
Bevorzugt besteht das Reaktionselement aus einer Schweißfolie, welche aus einer Schichtfolge einer Mehrzahl von abwechselnd angeordneten, sehr dünnen Metallfolien besteht. Der Vorteil dabei ist, daß durch ein Zündsignal eine Reaktion der Metallfolien untereinander auslösbar ist, wobei die Schweißfolie schmilzt und den Stromkreis sehr schnell bleibend unterbricht. Eine bevorzugte Ausbildung besteht darin, daß das Reaktionselement zumindest bereichsweise durch ein feinkörniges Pulver gebildet ist.The reaction element preferably consists of a welding foil, which consists of a layer sequence of a plurality of alternately arranged, very thin metal foils. The advantage here is that a reaction of the metal foils to one another can be triggered by an ignition signal, the welding foil melting and permanently interrupting the circuit very quickly. A preferred embodiment is that the reaction element is formed at least in regions by a fine-grain powder.
Vorzugsweise ist das Heizelement gesteuert einschaltbar, indem ein Zündsignal abhängig von unerwünschten Betriebszuständen im Bordnetz und/oder eines Fahrzeugs auslösbar ist.The heating element can preferably be switched on in a controlled manner in that an ignition signal can be triggered as a function of undesired operating states in the vehicle electrical system and / or a vehicle.
Ein besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung besteht darin, das Sicherungselement mit einer Steuerungseinheit zur Steuerung des Zündimpulse zu verbinden. Dies ermöglicht es, mit demselben Sicherungselement unterschiedliche Charakteristiken und auch unterschiedliche nominale Auslöseströme nachzubilden, so daß die Auslösekurve des Sicherungselements dynamisch veränderbar ist.A particularly advantageous embodiment consists in connecting the securing element to a control unit for controlling the ignition pulses. This makes it possible to simulate different characteristics and also different nominal tripping currents with the same fuse element, so that the triggering curve of the fuse element can be changed dynamically.
Im folgenden sind die Merkmale, soweit sie für die Erfindung wesentlich sind, eingehend erläutert und anhand von einer Prinzipskizze einer Schaltung näher beschrieben.In the following, the features, insofar as they are essential for the invention, are explained in detail and described in more detail with reference to a schematic diagram of a circuit.
Übliche Schmelzsicherungen gemäß dem Stand der Technik bestehen aus einem definiert geformten elektrischen Leiter mit einem definierten Widerstand. Durch den Stromfluß wird der Leiter erhitzt, bevorzugt in einem speziell präparierten Bereich, im folgenden Schmelz- leiter genannt, und erreicht, je nach Sicherungstyp, zwischen 420°C und über 1000°C seinen Schmelzpunkt. Das Aufschmelzen des Schmelzleiters führt zu einer Unterbrechung des Stromkreises. Häufig wird eine Zinnpille auf den Schmelzleiter aufgebracht, welche oberhalb von 230°C aufschmilzt und eine Reaktion mit dem Schmelzleitermaterial eingeht, die eine Erniedrigung des Schmelzpunktes des Schmelzleiters zur Folge hat.Conventional fuses according to the prior art consist of a defined shaped electrical conductor with a defined resistance. The current is used to heat the conductor, preferably in a specially prepared area, hereinafter referred to as the fusible conductor, and, depending on the fuse type, reaches its melting point between 420 ° C and over 1000 ° C. The melting of the fuse leads to an interruption in the circuit. A tin pill is often applied to the fuse element, which melts above 230 ° C. and enters into a reaction with the fuse element material, which results in a lowering of the melting point of the fuse element.
Durch einen dem Verbraucher parallelgeschalteten Thyristor gemäß dem aus der DE- AI 195 27 997 bekannten Stand der Technik wird der Schmelzleiter mit einem zusätzlichen, hohen Strom belastet, der durch zusätzliche ohmsche Verluste den Schmelzleiter zum Durchschmelzen bringt, ohne daß die Leitung mit dem zusätzlich auftretenden Überstrom belastet wird. Ein erfindungsgemäßes Sicherungselement weist einen Schmelzleiter auf, der zumindst partiell aus einem Material besteht, welches eine selbsterhaltende exotherme Reaktion ausführt, sobald diese durch einen Zündimpuls ausgelöst wird.Through a thyristor connected in parallel to the consumer according to the prior art known from DE-AI 195 27 997, the fuse element is loaded with an additional, high current, which causes the fuse element to melt through additional ohmic losses, without the line with the additional occurring Overcurrent is charged. A fuse element according to the invention has a fusible conductor which at least partially consists of a material which carries out a self-sustaining exothermic reaction as soon as this is triggered by an ignition pulse.
Ganz besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn Mittel vorgesehen sind, die den Zündimpuls zu definierten Zeitpunkten und/oder in definierten Zuständen einschaltbar macht. Zweckmäßigerweise erst dann ausgelöst, wenn ein Fehlerfall ansteht. Als Einschaltkriterien können unterschiedliche Zustände, insbesondere Fehlersignale, dienen, vorzugsweise Überstromsignale zur Überstromüberwachung eines Verbrauchers und/oder Temperatursignale zur Übertem- peraturüberwachung eines Verbrauchers und/oder Spannungssignale und/oder Crash- Signale, insbesondere, um elektrische Verbraucher bei einem Unfall eines Fahrzeugs vom Bordnetz zu trennen. Durch das gesteuerte Einschalten des Zündsignals ist sichergestellt, daß im Normalbetrieb die Schmelzsicherung nicht versehentlich ausgelöst wird, im Fehlerfall dagegen sehr schnell und zuverlässig auslösbar ist.It is very particularly advantageous if means are provided which make the ignition pulse switchable at defined times and / or in defined states. Expediently only triggered when an error is pending. Different states, in particular error signals, can serve as switch-on criteria, preferably overcurrent signals for overcurrent monitoring of a consumer and / or temperature signals for overtemperature monitoring of a consumer and / or voltage signals and / or crash signals, in particular for electrical consumers in the event of a vehicle accident from the vehicle electrical system to separate. The controlled switching on of the ignition signal ensures that the fuse is not accidentally triggered in normal operation, but can be triggered very quickly and reliably in the event of a fault.
Ein Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besteht darin, daß die Anforderungen an das ursprüngliche Sicherungselement hinsichtlich von Auslegungstoleranzen verringert werden können.An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the requirements for the original securing element with regard to design tolerances can be reduced.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist darin zu sehen, daß der ohmsche Widerstand des Sicherungselements gesenkt werden kann, da das Sicherungselement nicht mehr selbst die ohmsche Verlusteistung zum Auslösen des Schmelzleiters erzeugen muß. Dadurch wird der Spannungsabfall von der Batterie bis zum Verbraucher vorteilhaft verringert.Another advantage can be seen in the fact that the ohmic resistance of the fuse element can be reduced, since the fuse element no longer has to generate the ohmic power loss for triggering the fuse element itself. This advantageously reduces the voltage drop from the battery to the consumer.
Ein großer Vorteil der Erfindung ist die Möglichkeit, mit dem gleichen Sicherungselement verschiedene Charakteristiken und/oder verschiedene nominale Auslöseströme nachzubilden. Der Auslösezeitpunkt des Sicherungselements kann vorteilhaft durch eine geeignete intelligente Steuereinheit dynamisch verändert werden. Dies hat die günstige Folge, daß das gleiche Sicherungselement für unterschiedliche Belastungen eines elektrischen Leiters ver- wendet werden kann, insbesondere bei unterschiedlichen Fahrzeugen oder Fahrzeugvarianten. Damit ist es möglich, unterschiedliche Fahrzeuge mit einer relativ einheitlichen elektri- sehen Schutzausrüstung zu versehen, was die Fertigung sehr vereinfacht und Kosten Vorteils bringt.A great advantage of the invention is the possibility of simulating different characteristics and / or different nominal tripping currents with the same fuse element. The triggering time of the safety element can advantageously be changed dynamically by a suitable intelligent control unit. This has the favorable consequence that the same securing element can be used for different loads on an electrical conductor, particularly in the case of different vehicles or vehicle variants. This makes it possible to operate different vehicles with a relatively uniform electrical see protective equipment, which simplifies production and brings cost advantages.
Vorteilhafterweise können sich mehrere solcher erfindungsgemäßen Sicherungselemente bevorzugt über Mehrfachschalter angesteuert werden.Advantageously, several such fuse elements according to the invention can preferably be controlled via multiple switches.
Ein bevorzugtes exothermes Reaktionselement besteht insbesondere aus einer Schweißfolie, die durch Einwirkung eines Zündimpulses eine stark exotherme Reaktion auslöst und in sehr kurzer Zeit sehr hohe Temperaturen erreicht. Die Schweißfolie besteht vorzugsweise aus einer Serie von sehr dünnen Metallfolien, insbesondere aus Aluminium- und Nickelfolien und/oder Eisenfolien, die alternierend aufeinander gestapelt sind. Eine typische Schichtdicke der einzelnen Folien liegt im Bereich von wenigen Atomlagen bis 100 Atomlagen. Durch einen geeigneten Zündimpuls ausgelöst, reagieren die Metallfolien-Konstituenten miteinander und erwärmen sich typischerweise in wenigen Millisekunden von 25°C auf über 1000°C.A preferred exothermic reaction element consists in particular of a welding foil, which triggers a strongly exothermic reaction through the action of an ignition pulse and reaches very high temperatures in a very short time. The welding foil preferably consists of a series of very thin metal foils, in particular aluminum and nickel foils and / or iron foils, which are alternately stacked on top of one another. A typical layer thickness of the individual foils is in the range from a few atomic layers to 100 atomic layers. Triggered by a suitable ignition pulse, the metal foil constituents react with each other and typically heat up from 25 ° C to over 1000 ° C in a few milliseconds.
Auch andere Materialkombinationen, die eine derartige exotherme Reaktion eingehen, sind als Reaktionselemente in Folien- oder Pulverform geeignet. Dabei kann das Reaktionselement den Schmelzleiter umgeben, insbesondere kann ein pulverförmiges Reaktionsmaterial den Schmelzleiter in einer Kapsel umgeben oder benachbart zum Schmelzleiter in einer Kapsel angeordnet sein. Die Körnung des Pulvers liegt dabei vorzugsweise im Submikron- bereich.Other combinations of materials that undergo such an exothermic reaction are also suitable as reaction elements in film or powder form. The reaction element can surround the fusible conductor, in particular a powdery reaction material can surround the fusible conductor in a capsule or be arranged adjacent to the fusible conductor in a capsule. The grain size of the powder is preferably in the submicron range.
Eine bevorzugte Zündmethode ist, das Reaktionselement mit einem Transistor oder mit einem Stromstoß aus einem Kondensator zu beaufschlagen. Eine weitere bevorzugte Zünd- methode ist, das Reaktionselement mittels optischer Anregung, insbesondere mit ultravioletter Strahlung, und/oder thermischer Fremdheizung zu beaufschlagen. Es ist ausreichend, das Reaktionselement lokal zu erwärmen, um dort die Reaktion in Gang zu setzen. Eine weitere geeignete Zündmethode besteht darin, das Reaktionselement einem Zündfunken einer Batterie oder einem Lichtbogen auszusetzen.A preferred ignition method is to apply a transistor or a current surge from a capacitor to the reaction element. A further preferred ignition method is to apply the reaction element by means of optical excitation, in particular with ultraviolet radiation, and / or external thermal heating. It is sufficient to heat the reaction element locally in order to start the reaction there. Another suitable ignition method is to subject the reaction element to an ignition spark from a battery or an arc.
Der Vorteil hierbei ist, daß diese Ausführung eines Reaktionselements keine eigene Stromversorgung zum Zünden benötigt, sondern nur einen geeigneten Zündimpuls. Vorteilhaft ist, daß sich der Zündi pils durch eine geeignete Ansteuerung erzeugen und/oder steuern läßt, so daß eine zuverlässige und schnelle Auslösung im Fehlerfall ermöglicht ist.The advantage here is that this design of a reaction element does not require its own power supply for ignition, but only a suitable ignition pulse. It is advantageous that the Zündi pils can be generated and / or controlled by a suitable control, so that a reliable and fast triggering is possible in the event of a fault.
In Fig. 1 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung dargestellt. Eine Batterie 1 in einem Bord- netz versorgt einen Verbraucher 10. Zwischen Batterie 1 und Verbraucher 10 ist ein Sicherungselement angeordnet, welches einen verbraucherseitigen Anschluß 3, einen batteriesei- tigen Anschluß 2 und einen dazwischenliegenden Schmelzleiter 12 aufweist. Hier ist der Schmelzleiter vollständig aus dem Reaktionselement gebildet. Es ist jedoch möglich, den Schmelzleiter nur partiell durch das Reaktionselement zu bilden. Der Schmelzleiter 12 ist mit einem Bauelement 7 verbunden, insbesondere mit dem Drainanschluß eines MOSFET, welcher sourceseitig mit Masse verbunden ist. Das Bauelement 7 ist über einen als Steueranschluß ausgebildeten Kontaktpunkt 13 mit dem Reaktionselement 12 verbunden.1 shows an arrangement according to the invention. A battery 1 in an on-board electrical system supplies a consumer 10. A fuse element is arranged between the battery 1 and the consumer 10, which has a consumer-side connection 3, a battery-side connection 2 and an intermediate fuse element 12. Here, the fuse element is formed entirely from the reaction element. However, it is possible to form the fuse element only partially through the reaction element. The fuse element 12 is connected to a component 7, in particular to the drain connection of a MOSFET which is connected to ground on the source side. The component 7 is connected to the reaction element 12 via a contact point 13 designed as a control connection.
Das abhängig von einem Fehlerfall gesteuerte Bauelement 7 kann je nach verwendeter Zündmethode auch einen Kondensator, eine Heizquelle, eine Batterie, ein Hochspannungselement oder eine Lichtquelle umfassen, die im Fehlerfall die Auslöseenergie bereitstellen oder schalten.The component 7, which is controlled as a function of a fault, can, depending on the ignition method used, also comprise a capacitor, a heat source, a battery, a high-voltage element or a light source, which provide or switch the triggering energy in the event of a fault.
Mit Hilfe eines Stromsensors 9 und einer Auswerte- und Auslöseeinheit 8 kann der Strom in einer Leitung 11 bestimmt werden, die vom Sicherungselement 2, 3, 12 zum Verbraucher 10 führt. In der Auswerteeinheit 8 ist eine Auslösekurve des Sicherungselements abgelegt. Im einfachsten Fall kann dies ein Schwellwert und/oder ein Strom/Zeit- Verhalten des Sicherungselements sein.With the help of a current sensor 9 and an evaluation and tripping unit 8, the current in a line 11 can be determined, which leads from the fuse element 2, 3, 12 to the consumer 10. A triggering curve of the securing element is stored in the evaluation unit 8. In the simplest case, this can be a threshold value and / or a current / time behavior of the fuse element.
Übersteigt der aktuelle Stromwert in der Leitung 11 diese Auslösekurve oder entsprechend festgesetzte Grenzwerte, so schaltet die Einheit 8 das Bauelement 7 ein, so daß ein Startoder Zündimpuls erzeugt wird und das als Schmelzleiter wirkende Reaktionselement zündet. Dieses erwärmt sich sehr schnell durch exotherme Erhitzung seines Materials und schmilzt, wodurch der Stromkreis sicher und in kurzer Frist unterbrochen wird.If the current value in line 11 exceeds this tripping curve or correspondingly set limit values, unit 8 switches component 7 on, so that a start or ignition pulse is generated and the reaction element, which acts as a fusible conductor, ignites. This heats up very quickly due to the exothermic heating of its material and melts, as a result of which the circuit is interrupted safely and in a short time.
Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel wird im Fehlerfall der als Schalter eingesetzte MOSFET durch die Auslöseeinheit 8 in den leitenden Zustand gesteuert, so daß zusätzlich zum Fehlerstrom auch ein Kurzschlußstrom durch das Sicherungselement 2, 3, 12 gegen Masse fließt und die dadurch jedenfalls ausgelöste Zusatzerwärmung des Schmelzleiters 12 seine exotherme Selbstzerstörung einleitet.In the present exemplary embodiment, in the event of a fault, the MOSFET used as a switch is controlled by the trigger unit 8 in the conductive state, so that in addition a short-circuit current flows to the fault current through the fuse element 2, 3, 12 to ground, and the additional heating of the fuse element 12 which is triggered in this way initiates its exothermic self-destruction.
Zusätzlich kann die Auswerteeinheit 8 auch von einem Aufprallsensor angesteuert werden, der bei einem Unfall des damit ausgestatteten Fahrzeugs das z.B. als Hauptsicherung eingesetzte Sicherungselement 2, 3, 12 oder andere Sicherungselemente auslöst. In addition, the evaluation unit 8 can also be controlled by an impact sensor which, in the event of an accident in the vehicle equipped with it, e.g. fuse element 2, 3, 12 or other fuse elements used as the main fuse.
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000510153A JP2001516126A (en) | 1997-08-16 | 1998-07-25 | Safety devices for electrical installations |
| EP98942631A EP1004131A2 (en) | 1997-08-16 | 1998-07-25 | Fuse element for electric installations |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997135552 DE19735552A1 (en) | 1997-08-16 | 1997-08-16 | Fuse element for automobile current circuit |
| DE19735552.8 | 1997-08-16 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999009575A2 true WO1999009575A2 (en) | 1999-02-25 |
| WO1999009575A3 WO1999009575A3 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
Family
ID=7839169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1998/004683 WO1999009575A2 (en) | 1997-08-16 | 1998-07-25 | Fuse element for electric installations |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1004131A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001516126A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19735552A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999009575A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7630180B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2009-12-08 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor starter circuit |
| US7777992B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 | 2010-08-17 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
| US7777438B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2010-08-17 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11250790A (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 1999-09-17 | Yazaki Corp | Force blown fuse and current interrupter |
| JPH11329189A (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 1999-11-30 | Yazaki Corp | Current interrupt device |
| JP3568817B2 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2004-09-22 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Circuit breaker |
| JP2000260281A (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-22 | Yazaki Corp | Circuit breaker |
| JP2001006518A (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2001-01-12 | Sony Chem Corp | Overcurrent protective device |
| DE29913555U1 (en) | 1999-08-03 | 1999-12-23 | Wilhelm Pudenz GmbH, 27243 Dünsen | Electrical fuse |
| DE10049071B4 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2004-12-16 | Micronas Gmbh | Safety device for a circuit, in particular in motor vehicles |
| DE10245393A1 (en) * | 2002-09-28 | 2004-04-08 | Wickmann-Werke Gmbh | Protection component that is self-configuring using sparks, has circuit element arranged in component so that spark produced at defined point can act upon circuit element to change electrical properties |
| DE10328184B3 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-11-18 | Martin Klose | Voltage-free switching device for starter battery for automobile or motorcycle has heavy current fuse insert cooperating with positive battery terminal fitted in rotary or linear switch knob |
| DE102005036174A1 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-15 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Device for disconnecting of vehicle's battery from line which is to be protected has battery sensor which is in direct or indirect communication with control unit and transmits present current value for current strength in line |
| US7969275B2 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2011-06-28 | Enerdel, Inc. | Fuse assembly with integrated current sensing |
| JP5646214B2 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2014-12-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Power supply |
| JPWO2014109067A1 (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2017-01-19 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ阪神株式会社 | Ignition device for internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1952799A1 (en) * | 1969-10-20 | 1971-04-29 | Gv Trudogowo Nautschhno I T I | Circuit arrangement for measuring and registering the data of vibration signals |
| US3958206A (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1976-05-18 | General Electric Company | Chemically augmented electrical fuse |
| US4107758A (en) * | 1977-05-16 | 1978-08-15 | Sprague Electric Company | Fused oil filled capacitor |
| GB8426109D0 (en) * | 1984-10-16 | 1984-11-21 | Brush Fusegear Ltd | Electrical fuse |
| US5208575A (en) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-05-04 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for coordinated triggering of chemically augmented electrical fuses |
| CA2085727C (en) * | 1992-01-15 | 2005-08-02 | Radhakrishnan Ranjan | Apparatus for triggering chemically augmented electrical fuses |
-
1997
- 1997-08-16 DE DE1997135552 patent/DE19735552A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-07-25 EP EP98942631A patent/EP1004131A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-07-25 WO PCT/EP1998/004683 patent/WO1999009575A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-25 JP JP2000510153A patent/JP2001516126A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7630180B2 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2009-12-08 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor starter circuit |
| US7777438B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2010-08-17 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
| US7777992B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 | 2010-08-17 | Danfoss Compressors Gmbh | Motor start circuit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1004131A2 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
| WO1999009575A3 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
| JP2001516126A (en) | 2001-09-25 |
| DE19735552A1 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
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