WO1999007350A2 - Chemoprotektion - Google Patents
Chemoprotektion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999007350A2 WO1999007350A2 PCT/EP1998/004679 EP9804679W WO9907350A2 WO 1999007350 A2 WO1999007350 A2 WO 1999007350A2 EP 9804679 W EP9804679 W EP 9804679W WO 9907350 A2 WO9907350 A2 WO 9907350A2
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- Prior art keywords
- cells
- use according
- cysteine
- therapy
- malignant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of L-cysteine or / and derivatives thereof for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for the selective protection of non-malignant cells and an extracorporeal method for the selective protection of non-malignant cells during a therapy for inducing cell death of malignant cells.
- Malignant tumors are serious diseases that are often not confined to one location. The formation of metastases can lead to an infection of various tissues and organs of a body. Malignant diseases not only significantly reduce a patient's quality of life, they very often have a fatal outcome. For this reason, great efforts have been made for many years to develop improved drugs and treatment methods that reduce the mortality rate or at least improve the quality of life and increase life expectancy.
- Chemotherapy is a frequently used form of therapy for the treatment of malignant diseases.
- the cytostatics known today include classes of substances such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, natural products, antibiotics and hormones. Commonly used substances are alkylating agents, which are also referred to as clastogens and lead to DNA cross-linking, such as cis-platinum (CDDP) or carbo-platinum.
- CDDP cis-platinum
- carbo-platinum carbo-platinum
- these therapeutic agents have a high cytotoxicity for tumor cells, they can often only be administered in a therapeutically suboptimal dosage due to the considerable side effects associated with their use. The side effects are due to the often insufficiently specific mode of action of these agents.
- malignant cells are not only attacked and rendered harmless, but healthy cells are also damaged.
- chronic therapy such as renal insufficiency, can occur after such therapy.
- chemotherapy-induced malignancies such as leukemia, are observed.
- complete confirmation of tumors is not successful in many cases.
- the haematopoietic toxicity of many chemotherapeutic agents in chemotherapy is the dose-limiting factor (Civin, C. L, Csore, SD, J. Hematotherapy 2 (1993) 137-144).
- the cells that are important for blood formation are the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Only about every hundred thousandth cell in the bone marrow is an undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cell that is able to duplicate and generate daughter cells that differentiate into hematopoietic lines. Damage to these cells by chemotherapeutic agents is therefore particularly serious for the organism.
- Cis-platinum is a cytostatic used for various malignant tumors and, like practically all chemotherapy drugs, has significant side effects. Kubbies, M., et al, Br. J. Cancer 64 (1991) 847-849, were able to show that the cytotoxic effect of the cis-platinum is due to the intervention in the Gi / S phase of the cell cycle. Studies on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) have shown that this effect can be partially offset by the use of glutathione.
- PBL peripheral blood lymphocytes
- Tissue or cells containing malignant cells are removed from the body.
- the removed preparation is then incubated with cytotoxic substances in a further process step in order to eliminate the malignant cells.
- the healthy cells are separated and, if necessary, cultivated to obtain a larger number of healthy cells, which are then re-implanted in the body.
- This method is used for example in bone marrow tumors and is referred to as "purging". Even with such methods, however, there are the above-mentioned side effects when administering cytotoxic substances and consequently damage to healthy cells.
- L-cysteine or / and derivatives thereof for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for the selective protection of non-malignant cells during a therapy for inducing cell death of malignant cells.
- L-cysteine or / and derivatives thereof reduces the negative side effects of agents for inducing cell death in malignant cells, but has no inhibitory effect on their effect in inducing cell death in malignant cells.
- the use of L-cysteine and / or derivatives thereof according to the invention shows a strong reduction in the damage to non-malignant cells caused by chemotherapeutic agents.
- the method according to the invention not only has the great advantage that the cytotoxic damage to non-malignant cells is reduced, at the same time there can be a synergistic effect with the agent used to induce cell death in malignant cells.
- the agent used according to the invention preferably not only protects the non-malignant cells, but can even improve their proliferation. This can increase the number of non-malignant cells after the malignant cells have been killed.
- the number of non-malignant cells that can be re-implanted in a patient can be significantly increased in an ex vivo treatment. Reimplanting a larger amount of healthy cells increases the likelihood of a successful course of treatment.
- the therapy for inducing cell death of malignant cells comprises chemotherapy.
- a cytostatic from the group of the alkylating agents such as, for example, cyclophosphamide, trofosfamide, ifosfamide, chlorambucil, melphalan, carmustine, lomustine, semustine, busulfan, cisplatin, in particular the DNA crosslinker.
- the pharmaceutical composition used according to the invention preferably contains L-cysteine as the active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical composition can contain physiologically active derivatives of L-cysteine, to which N-modified derivatives such as N-acyl compounds such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine, carboxyl-modified derivatives such as esters or amides or S- modified derivatives, such as S-alkylated compounds.
- the SH group is preferably freely available.
- Derivatives of L-cysteine also include precursor substances which are reacted in the organism or in the extracorporeal liquid containing cells to be treated and which form or release L-cysteine and / or a physiologically active derivative thereof.
- L-cysteine is reabsorbed in the kidney and is available to the body again. Active substances are therefore preferred which behave similarly to L-cysteine with regard to their pharmacokinetic properties. It is therefore advantageous with corporeal treatment that the dose of the substances used according to the invention can be kept low due to this "natural recycling process". This is one way of reducing costs.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be brought into various galenical forms, such as tablets, coated tablets, solutions for injection or infusions.
- the administration is systemic or local depending on the requirements.
- the dose of the compound used according to the invention is adjusted so that the chemotherapeutic agent has an optimal effect with the best possible chemoprotective protection by the agent according to the invention.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition is preferably from 0.1 to 1000 mg L-cysteine or a physiologically active derivative thereof per kg body weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 400 mg / kg body weight.
- the dosage of the cytostatic is adjusted in each case and generally depends on the cytostatic used, the area of application and the form of therapy used.
- the use of L-cysteine or a physiologically active derivative thereof can reduce or largely avoid the side effects which occur at a customary dosage level of the cytostatic.
- cytostatics With various cytostatics, their effectiveness decreases with prolonged use. To counteract a reduction in effectiveness, the dose used must therefore be increased as treatment progresses. This increase in dose is countered by the side effects mentioned. The dose used can therefore only be increased up to a certain maximum limit.
- the use of the agent according to the invention can surprisingly increase the dose of the cytostatic. As a result, the malignant cells can be eliminated more effectively and the time-related loss of activity of the cytostatic agent can be counteracted.
- the therapy comprises extracorporeal treatment of cells.
- the cystostat used is used in suitable doses to achieve optimal induction of cell death in malignant cells.
- Cis-platinum or / and carbo-platinum is preferably used in a concentration of 0.3 to 30 ⁇ g / ml in a suspension containing cells to be treated.
- the active ingredient used according to the invention is used in a concentration of 0.01 mg / ml to 4 mg / ml in a suspension containing the cells to be treated.
- the active ingredient used is preferably L-cysteine in a concentration of 0.01 mg / ml to 3 mg / ml, particularly preferably 0.1 mg / ml to 1.5 mg / ml and most preferably 0.2 mg / ml to 1 mg / ml used.
- the N-acetyl-L-cysteine used as active ingredient is preferably in a concentration of 0.1 mg / ml to 4 mg / ml, particularly preferably 0.5 mg / ml to 2 mg / ml, most preferably 0.9 mg / ml to 1.5 mg / ml used.
- the active ingredient can be added before, during or / and after the addition of the cell death inducing agent.
- the extracorporeal treatment of the cells can be carried out at any suitable temperature when the selective-protective pharmaceutical composition is used according to the invention, preferably the treatment is carried out at a temperature of from 20 ° C. to 42 ° C., preferably at 37 ° C.
- the active ingredient can be used in therapy methods for inducing the cell death of malignant cells of any known cell type.
- the cells to be treated are preferably selected from peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow cells, Subpopulations thereof and / or hematopoietic stem cells, preferably from bone marrow.
- the cells to be treated preferably originate from a human patient with a malignant disease. After an extracorporeal treatment, the cells can be re-implanted in the patient.
- the use of the active ingredient according to the invention is carried out in a treatment under sterile conditions in plastic vessels, in particular in one or more flexible plastic vessels such as blood bags.
- the plastic containers are preferably closed and have at least one opening e.g. an extension for the connecting hoses.
- these connecting hoses which preferably consist of weldable plastic material, the connection and disconnection of bags is possible with a suitable device in such a way that a closed system is always maintained. This means that the handling of biological substances such as cells, viruses or vectors is possible with a significantly reduced risk of contamination and the use of sterile workbenches can even be dispensed with.
- the extracorporeal treatment can also include gene therapy process steps. These include, for example, transduction of the cells, for example using retroviral vectors, stimulation of the cells, cultivation of the cells and / or extraction of cell subpopulations.
- the invention relates to a method for the selective protection of non-malignant cells in a therapy for inducing cell death of malignant cells in a living being, which is characterized in that the living being is given a pharmaceutical composition comprising L-cysteine and / or derivatives thereof in a effective amounts for the selective protection of non-malignant cells.
- CDDP concentration 3 ⁇ g / ml.
- the y-axis zero value represents the CDDP control.
- the values for the relative proliferation are calculated from the quotients of proliferating cells to non-proliferating cells (BrdU / Hoechst cell cycle analysis).
- the compounds are added in a concentration of 0.5 mg / ml and 1 mg / ml, respectively.
- Fig. 3 Protective effect of the compounds GSH, NAC and L-CYS (1 mg / ml) after delayed addition to CDDP (3 ⁇ g / ml) treated KM cells.
- the y-axis zero value represents the CDDP control.
- the CD34 + KM cells were counted after 14 days of culture using digital image analysis and trypan staining. Starting cell count: 100 cells / well. Examples
- test substances GSH, L-CYS or NAC in the concentrations 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg / ml are added to the cell lines and incubated for 24 h.
- the Brdü / Hoechst cell cycle analysis used for the proliferation analysis yielded the results shown in the following examples.
- Human PBL's are obtained from fresh, heparinized whole blood from healthy, adult donors using standard Ficoll isolation.
- the pellet obtained is in 1 ml of RPMI 1640 culture medium; 15% FCS; 1% autologous donation plasma; 2 raM glutamine; non-essential amino acids (each 0.1 mM); 1 mM sodium pyruvate; 2-10 "5 alpha-thioglycerol; activation with 5 ⁇ g / ml PHA for Brdü / Hoechst cell cycle analysis supplemented with 8-10 " 5 M deoxycytidine and 8-10 "5 M Brdü resuspended and the cell number determined by means of Ty ⁇ an blue vital staining.
- Human bone marrow from sternal punctates from donors between the ages of 20 and 60 serves as the starting material. After working up, Ficoll isolation and resuspending, the bone marrow is placed in freezing medium Isove's DMEM; 10% FCS, 10% DMSO; 2 mM glutamine; 100 IU / ml penicillin; 1 mg / ml streptomycin stored at -196 ° C in liquid nitrogen. Cultivation of bone marrow cells
- the CD34 + bone marrow populations are presented with a cell count of 50 or 100 cells in 96-well round-bottom plates with 100 ⁇ l of Iscove's culture medium (Iscove's DMEM; 20% human AB plasma or 20% FCS; 2 mM glutamine; 100 IU / ml penicillin; 1 mg / ml streptomycin) sorted using a cell sorter.
- the medium of the KM cells is supplemented with a cytokine cocktail (IL3 250 U / ml; IL6 1000 U / ml; EPO 5 U / ml; GM-CSF 100 U / ml; SCF 10 U / ml).
- a cytokine cocktail IL3 250 U / ml
- GM-CSF 100 U / ml
- SCF 10 U / ml SCF 10 U / ml
- the DNA-specific fluorochromes and the fluorochromes of Table 1 coupled to monoclonal antibodies (MAK) are used.
- MAK anti-human mouse antibody conjugated to fluorochrome and its main cell specificity
- Differential cell cycle analyzes of up to three consecutive cell cycles are determined with the help of the BrdU / Hoechst technique.
- the analysis is carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions and as in Kubbies, M. (1992), High-resolution cell cycle analysis: the flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine-hoechst quenching technique, in: A. Radbruch (ed.): Flow cytometry and cell sorting, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 75-85.
- Peripheral blood lymphocytes are proliferatively in a resting phase (Go phase).
- the lymphocytes are stimulated with PHA (phytohemagglutinin) and begin to proliferate asynchronously after about 30-40 h in the S phase of the first cell cycle.
- the lymphocytes are with a cell density of 3-10 5 cells per ml BrdU medium RPMI 1640, 15% FKS, 1% autologous donation plasma (whole blood centrifuged for 10 min at 400xg), 2-10 "5 M alpha-thioglyerol, 8- 10 "5 M BrdU, 8-10 " 5 M deoxycytidine are sown in 24-well plates with 2 ml medium per well.
- the alpha-thioglycerol added to the medium serves to improve the proliferation of PBL (Kubbies, M. et al., Lymphokine Res. , 9 (1990), Improvement of human lymphocyte proliferation and alteration of IL-2 secretion kinetics by alpha-thioglycerol, 95-101), deoxycytidine prevents possible nucleotide metabolism disorders which can be caused by BrdU.
- the cells After adding the chemotherapeutic agent and the substance according to the invention or the comparative substance GSH, the cells are stimulated with 5 ⁇ g / ml PHA. In the time delay tests, the test substances are added at a later time.
- the cells treated in this way are incubated for 72 h, then centrifuged at 250 ⁇ g, 10 min and then stained.
- the samples frozen at -20 ° C are thawed and centrifuged at 250xg for 10 min.
- the pellet is resuspended in 10 ul RNAse A 1000 U / ml. This degrades the RNA, which would otherwise be stained by PI.
- the resuspended cells are now in 1 ml DNA staining buffer 100 mM Tris 7.4, 154 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl 2 , 0.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2% BSA, 0.1% NP40 with 1 ⁇ g / ml HO33258 and incubated for 15 min at 4 ° C in the dark (approx. 0.5 - 1.0 - 10 6 cells / ml). Subsequently 2 ⁇ g / ml PI are added and incubated again at 4 ° C. for 15 min.
- the samples colored in this way can be measured within 8 hours when stored in the dark at 4 ° C.
- the degree of inhibition of proliferation is determined from the quotient of the number of proliferating cells by the number of non-proliferating cells (see formulas). Of each The result is that the value of the cis-platinum control is subtracted so that it represents the y-axis zero value.
- the size of the nomination factor allows a statement about the prohferative state of the cells. The smaller the value, the more cells are in a prohferative stage after the end of the culture period. For the PBL, the value indicates the donor-dependent stimulability of the cells by PHA. The smaller the value, the higher the number of cells that can be stimulated by PHA.
- Synchronous cell populations Asynchronous cell populations
- RP relative proliferation
- CP value determined for the cis-platinum control
- NF normalization factor.
- the bone marrow cells are pooled and the cell number of the mononuclear cells is determined by means of trypan blue vital staining. To determine the autofluorescence, 1-5-10 5 cells are removed and the remaining cells are stained. The cells are centrifuged at 250xg for 10 min.
- the supernatant is then discarded and the cells in 100 ⁇ l sterile-filtered staining medium (washing medium with antibody, Iscove's DMEM; 10% FCS; 2 mM glutamine; 100 IU / ml penicillin; 1 mg / ml streptomycin) per 10 6 cells and resuspended and 20 min without direct light irradiation with the fluorescence-labeled MAK (antibodies: per 10 cells, 100 ul supplemented with 20 ul ⁇ CD34> -FITC, 20 ul ⁇ CD38> -PE and 5 ul ⁇ HLA-DR> -TC) are incubated at room temperature. The mixture is then centrifuged at 250xg for 10 min and washed the pellet with washing medium. The cells are taken up in a density of approx. 10 cells / ml in washing medium and sorted.
- washing medium with antibody Iscove's DMEM; 10% FCS; 2 mM glutamine; 100 IU
- the cells are sorted using a scattered light and antibody gate.
- the first gate in the scattered light image is set so that only living cells are sorted.
- the gates are set in the second step in the 2-dimensional fluorescence image of the FITC and PE fluorescences so that the ⁇ CD34 + > KM cells can be sorted into ⁇ CD38 + > or ⁇ CD38 populations.
- the ⁇ CD34 + > cells are analyzed for their ⁇ HLA-DR> properties, but not sorted according to this.
- the KM cells cultured in the 96-well plates with a round bottom are counted with an inverted microscope and the Quantimet 570 image analysis system (Cambridge Instruments, Leica) IM (Zeiss).
- Human PBL is used as a model for normal, diploid, hematopoietic cells.
- GSH, NAC and L-CYS have no proliferation-inhibiting effects at the doses of 0.1 mg / ml, 0 3 5 mg / ml and 1 mg / ml used.
- the simultaneous use of CDDP as a cytostatic and 0.1 mg / ml GSH, L-CYS or NAC only leads to slight protection with GSH with a relative proliferation of approx. 25% of the control value.
- L-Cys and NAC show significantly better CDDP protection than the comparison substance GSH.
- the protective effect of L-Cys at 0.5 mg / ml is significantly higher than that of GSH.
- CD34 + / CD38 + cell population represents hardly differentiated, very early KM progenitor cells / stem cells.
- the CD34 + / CD38 + cell population mainly contains CFU cells (colony forming units) and among other things already myeloblasts, erythroblasts and lymphoblasts (Terstappen, WMM, et al ., Blood 77 (1991) 1218-1227).
- the presence of the activation-correlated histocompatibility-antigen HLA-DR is additionally determined by flow cytometry.
- the proportion of the CD38 + , HLA-DR + cells was on average 73% ( ⁇ 7.0), the CD38 + , HLA-DR " cells 4% ( ⁇ 1.1), the CD38 " , HLA-DR + cells 20% ( ⁇ 5.5) and the CD38 " , HLA-DR " cells 3% ( ⁇ 0.7).
- a cell count of 50 or 100 KM cells is sorted into 96-well round-bottom plates and then L-CYS, NAC or the comparative compound GSH and CDDP are simultaneously added to the culture medium. With a cultivation period of 14-16 days, the cells are counted with the help of digital image analysis and additionally with trypan blue vital staining and counting chamber.
- Fig. 2 shows the results of cell proliferation and chemoprotection of cells from a representative KM donor. A slight variation in proliferation can generally be seen in different donors.
- the comparison substance GSH cannot protect the KM cells from the cytotoxic effects of CDDP neither at a concentration of 0.5 mg / ml nor at 1 mg / ml. Even the gift of GSH alone without CDDP leads to a reduction in the number of cells to approximately half (0.5 mg / ml GSH) or a cell number that almost corresponds to the negative control (CDDP).
- L-CYS has a strong protective effect at a concentration of 1 mg / ml.
- the cell number with simultaneous administration of CDDP and L-CYS (1 mg / ml) is approx. 70% of the control value.
- L-Cys alone does not lead to a significant reduction in the number of cells compared to the control value.
- NAC had no protective effect.
- the comparative substance GSH shows little protective effect against CDDP.
- CDDP and GSH are administered simultaneously, only approx. 15% (1 mg / ml GSH) or approx. 25% (0.5 mg / ml GSH) of the cell number are available compared to the control.
- the administration of GSH alone without CDDP leads to a reduction in the number of cells to approximately half (0.5 mg / ml GSH) or a number of cells that almost corresponds to the negative control (CDDP).
- L-CYS shows a good protective effect at 0 h, 1 h and 4 h (about 60% of the cell number of the control when added) after 4 h). Even with L-CYS administration after 14 h, approx. 25% of the cells can still be protected against the cytotoxic effects of CDDP.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU91564/98A AU9156498A (en) | 1997-08-07 | 1998-07-25 | Chemo-protection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE97113685.8 | 1997-08-07 | ||
EP97113685 | 1997-08-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999007350A2 true WO1999007350A2 (de) | 1999-02-18 |
WO1999007350A3 WO1999007350A3 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
Family
ID=8227183
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1998/004679 WO1999007350A2 (de) | 1997-08-07 | 1998-07-25 | Chemoprotektion |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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AU (1) | AU9156498A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999007350A2 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5366723A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1994-11-22 | Istvan Tulok | Method of alleviating toxicity originating from treatment with anticancer platinum compounds |
US5643853A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1997-07-01 | Purdue Research Foundation | Thiol activation of cytotoxic and auxin-herbicidal agents and root formation stimulation |
US20020198161A1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 2002-12-26 | Douglas E. Brash | Therapeutic uses of antioxidants |
-
1998
- 1998-07-25 AU AU91564/98A patent/AU9156498A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-25 WO PCT/EP1998/004679 patent/WO1999007350A2/de active Application Filing
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Publication number | Publication date |
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AU9156498A (en) | 1999-03-01 |
WO1999007350A3 (de) | 1999-05-20 |
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