+

WO1999006897A1 - Systeme d'etalonnage et dispositif servant a mesurer un deplacement - Google Patents

Systeme d'etalonnage et dispositif servant a mesurer un deplacement Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999006897A1
WO1999006897A1 PCT/US1998/015739 US9815739W WO9906897A1 WO 1999006897 A1 WO1999006897 A1 WO 1999006897A1 US 9815739 W US9815739 W US 9815739W WO 9906897 A1 WO9906897 A1 WO 9906897A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drum
robot
elongate member
calibration
displacement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/015739
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Pierre Desmet
Original Assignee
Dynalog, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dynalog, Inc. filed Critical Dynalog, Inc.
Priority to AU86013/98A priority Critical patent/AU8601398A/en
Priority to US09/463,538 priority patent/US6408252B1/en
Publication of WO1999006897A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999006897A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16—Programme controls
    • B25J9/1679—Programme controls characterised by the tasks executed
    • B25J9/1692—Calibration of manipulator
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/39—Robotics, robotics to robotics hand
    • G05B2219/39009—Using fixture with potentiometer, wire to end effector, estimate lenght of wire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a robot calibration system with a linear displacement measuring device. Description of the Related Art
  • each individual robot of the same production model generally possesses a set of actual/"as built" parameters.
  • robot calibration techniques permit the following operations to be performed without modification of robot positions by the robot operator/programmer (a process referred to as "touch up"): (1) programming of the robot "off-line” using a PC or workstation-based simulation software product; (2) restoring production robot programs following a collision between a robot and another entity (after regarding-calibration of the robot); and (3) transferring robot programs from one robot to another (ie. compensating for "as built” parameters of each robot which have been identified in the process of calibrating each robot).
  • the prior art systems for the calibration of a robot generally accomplish their functions by means of executing calibration robot programs on the robot controller which instruct the robot to move through a series of positions in its operational space while being monitored by a measurement device which is capable of determining the three dimensional location (ie. x, y, z location in a particular Cartesian coordinate system) of a point (often referred to as the Tool
  • the measurement system provides more or less degrees-of-freedom but typically such measurement systems report measurement data in some type of "Cartesian" (or linear) format (e.g. 2-dimensional, 3 -dimensional, or 6- dimensional).
  • the purpose of the calibration procedure is to collect information concerning deviation between the actual (as identified by the measurement system) robot position achieved at each position in the calibration robot program and the corresponding commanded robot positions and then use that information to "deduce” or calculate the actual/ "as built” parameters (ie. the differences between the "actual” robot and the "nominal” robot parameters).
  • the prior art systems used 3-dimensional or 6- dimensional measurement systems that include, for example, theodolites, laser interferometers, and camera/photogrammetry systems.
  • the RoboTrack System distributed by
  • Robot Simulations Ltd. three measurement cables are secured to the end of the robot arm.
  • the other end of each of the measurement cables is connected to a linear displacement measurement device which measures the extension and retraction of the cable due to the movement of the end of the robot arm.
  • the linear displacement measurement devices are positioned at various known locations around the robot's operational envelope. Once the measurement cables have been connected to the robot, the displacement devices at each robot position measure the distances between the position achieved by the robot arm and the displacement devices. Using triangulation and other mathematical algorithms, the 3-dimensional position (x, y, z in a single Cartesian coordinate position) of the end of the robot arm and the end effector can be determined based upon the linear displacement data which is gathered from each of the measurement devices.
  • This prior art system has numerous problems and in fact is generally only found in non-commercial facilities. Furthermore, this prior art system depends upon the accuracy of the 3-dimensional positional information, which means by nature of the triangulation process that the positional information "degrades" in several portions of the robot's operational envelope (particularly at the boundaries of such operational envelope). Therefore, in some instances, in fact, the absolute positional accuracy of the robot was not improved but rather worse than before the calibration procedure was performed with this prior art system.
  • each measurement cable of this prior art system exits the housing of the linear displacement measurement device at various angles/attitudes through a hole.
  • the cable can simply not bend at a "sharp" angle, the "rounding" of the cable when making contact with the edge of the exit hole contributed to error in the measurement data.
  • this prior art system does not contain a design element to defeat overlap of the measurement cable as it retracts into the housing. This design issue concerning overlap contributes significantly to overall system error as the length of the cable extended is calculated based upon the assumed known and constant radius of the drum upon which the measurement cable retracts.
  • One prior art system avoids any cable issue entirely and the cable itself by employing a radial-distance linear transducer referred to in the art as (an LVDT or "ball-bar”) instead, that is often referred to as the telescopic ball-bar system.
  • the ball-bar mechanism of this prior art system has a magnetic chuck permanently mounted at one end, and a removable high precision steel ball mounted at the opposite end. Extension bars permit the nominal length of the ball-bar to be increased in order to reach more of the robot's operational envelope, but these extension bars add significant weight (and corresponding force) at the measurement point and therefore degrade the accuracy of the measurement data recorded with the LVDT mechanism.
  • this prior art system states that ideally this prior art system would require use of six ball-bars in order to completely identify the robot endpoint pose at every posture.
  • this prior art system alternatively permits, although the process is cumbersome, the operator to "serialize" the procedure by commanding the robot to travel on a spherical shell while only one ball-bar is connected between its end point and table. This alternate procedure must be repeated six times while interchanging the connections between the three balls and three magnetic chucks in six appropriate combinations. In this way, this prior art system allows collection of the necessary measurement data with a single ball-bar at the cost of extra time. Such extra time is a premium price to pay in the kind of production environment in which robot systems are typically deployed.
  • the inventors of this prior art system state that the limited reach of the ball-bar substantially restricts the positional freedom that can be achieved during the calibration process.
  • This restriction upon the size of the measurement envelope of this prior art system is the basis for the requirement that the operator mount at least three (preferable six) magnetic chucks within the robot's operational envelope in order to record robot position measurements in as large an area as possible.
  • the requirement that a plurality of magnetic chucks be employed prevents use of this prior art system to perform robot calibration automatically (ie. without robot operator/programmer intervention).
  • This prior art system developed utilizes a rotatable drum about which the measurement cable is coiled. As the cable extends and retracts from the measurement device, the drum rotates. An optical encoder measures the rotational movement of the drum in order to determine the linear displacement of the end of the cable.
  • the cable is coiled a plurality of times around the drum, extends at least partially around a first pulley, at least partially around a second pulley positioned adjacent to the drum and extends out of the housing of the device to a first end which is secured to the end of the robot arm or robot end effector.
  • the design element employed by this prior art system of the present inventor consists of spacing the first pulley a sufficient distance from the drum (that distance being a function of the cable thickness and the number of coils about the drum). This distance must be sufficient such that the angle at which the cable comes on the drum is shallow enough (so that it is nearly always perpendicular to the drum) - to insure that, as the cable is wound onto the drum, the thickness of the cable itself prevents the cable from overlapping.
  • the cable assembly which is used to generate the one dimensioned position signal may be replaced by any other system which can generate a signal in response to linear displacement.
  • Such other systems include optical, mehcanical, or electronic encoders, and the one-dimensional position signal can be processed in accordance with the method of this invention to measure displacement of the robot end point.
  • the present invention provides an improved device for calibration of a robot system including a linear displacement measurement device that accurately identifies robot, end-effector, and fixture parameters using 1- dimensional multi-directional data directly.
  • the linear displacement measurement device comprises a housing, an elongated member, a drum, a shaft, a rotation sensor, a means for moving the drum axially with respect to the shaft as the elongated member is wound about the drum, a set pulleys to guide the elongated member and a system for determining the distance traveled by the elongated member.
  • the shaft is rotatably mounted in the housing. This arrangement ensures that the elongate member is wound about the drum in a single layer without overlapping itself.
  • the shaft (on which the drum is mounted) rotates together with the drum, allowing mounting of a rotation sensor to the shaft.
  • This sensor thus measures the true rotation of the drum.
  • the information derived from this system determines the linear displacement of the elongated member.
  • the linear displacement measurement information provided by the linear displacement measurement device is used in conjunction with the calibration system software to perform calibration of a robot system.
  • the present invention improves the accuracy of the robot parameters identified in the calibration process, reduces the number of linear displacement measurement devices required to gather data, allows calibration based on one dimensional data, eliminates variability of data which is present in non-pulley devices and reduces the size of the displacement measurement device.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the relationship of the calibration device with a generic robotic arm
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the measurement device of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross section along line 3-3 of Fig. 2; and
  • Fig. 4 an exploded view of the measurement device of Fig. 2.
  • the calibration system, 20, of the present invention is shown generally in Figure 1 as used to perform calibration of an industrial robot, 22, with a displacement measuring device, 32.
  • the robot, 22, comprises a plurality of hingeably connected arms, 24 and 26.
  • the robot, 22, would typically include an end effector, 28, which might be a tool or some other device which may be attached to and manipulated by the robot, 22.
  • the displacement measuring device 32 comprises an elongated member (also referred to as a cable or filament), 34, extending therefrom and secured to the end effector ,28. In other embodiments, the elongated member may also be attached to other points on the robot. In an alternate embodiment, more than one displacement measuring device may be employed to gather the information required to calibrate a robot.
  • the measurements from the measurement device(s) 32 are sent to a CPU 38.
  • the measurement device, 32 measures the distance between the measurement device 32 and the end effector, 28, of the robot, 22.
  • the calibration robot program not shown, associated with the robot, 22, instructs the robot to move, thus moving the end effector, 28, to a plurality of locations in space which are known as the "calibration positions".
  • the measurement device, 32 determines the actual distance from the displacement measuring device, 32, to each "calibration position" as a result of the filament, 34, being pulled out of the measurement device, 32, or being retracted into the measurement device .
  • the calibration software located on the CPU, 38 first calculates (1) the approximate location of the displacement measurement device, 32, relative to the robot, 22, (known as the "measurement device location") as well as (2) the approximate location of the measured point on the end effector, 28, to which the end of the filament, 34, is attached relative to the end of the arm, 26
  • the calibration software uses the nominal parameters of the robot, 22 (e.g. nominal dimensions of the arms, 24 and 26, ) together with the relative position of the arm, one relative to the other, as extracted from the calibration robot program, to calculate the position of the end of the robot, 22 (ie. the end of arm, 26, also known as the flange) relative to its base coordinate frame (attached to the floor).
  • nominal parameters of the robot, 22 e.g. nominal dimensions of the arms, 24 and 26,
  • the calibration software finds a first estimate of the distance between the displacement measurement device, 32, and the measured point on the end effector, 28 known as the "calculated distance” instead of employing a triangulation method to reduce the data to Cartesian or linear information.
  • the calibration system software compares the calculated distance with the measured distance provided by the displacement measurement device, 32.
  • the difference is expressed as a function of the identified calibration parameters the robot geometry parameters, including but not limited to the Tenavit-Hartenberg parameters but also the displacement measurement device location and the measurement point location).
  • a modified set of calibration parameters can be calculated, and used to calculate a new estimate of what the calculated distance should be at each "calibration point". This process is repeated until the values are within a minimumization limit (also known as “convergence”).
  • This "convergence” means that the actual parameters of the robot, 22, have been obtained.
  • the robot position data in robot programs to be executed by the robot control software can be adjusted accordingly to compensate the control commands for the robot, 22, so that the end effector, 28, arrives very closely to the correct (ie. the intended) position in space.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the measurement device, 32, of Fig. 1.
  • the linear displacement measurement device, 32 includes a drum, 42, having an outer cylindrical surface, 44, about which the elongate member, 34, is wound.
  • the drum 42 is rotatably and translationally mounted in a housing 46 of the measurement device 32.
  • the elongated member 34 is at least partially wound about the outer cylindrical surface 44 of drum 42.
  • the elongated member, 34 then extends at least partially around a first pulley 50 and further extends at least partially around a second pulley 52. That pulley 52 is also free to rotate around an axis that coincides with the line formed by the cable coming from pulley 50 to pulley 52.
  • An end, 54, of the elongated member, 34 extends from the second pulley 52 and is connected to the object (in this case end effector 28) whose displacement is to be measured.
  • a sectional view of the measurement device 32 is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the housing 46 includes a full bottom wall 58, a generally parallel intermediate wall 60 and a generally parallel top wall 62.
  • An annular, externally threaded member 66 extends upwardly from the top wall 58.
  • a bearing 68, concentric with the externally threaded member 66, is also mounted in the bottom wall 58.
  • Another bearing 110 is mounted on the intermediate wall 60.
  • a shaft 74 extending along an axis 75 is rotatably supported at a first end 76 by the bearing 68 and the bottom wall 58 and by the bearing 110 in the intermediate wall 60.
  • a pair of opposed arms 78 extend from the shaft 74.
  • the arms 78 are integral with the shaft 74.
  • Each arm 78 includes an aperture
  • each arm 78 which is parallel to the axis 75 and at the outer end of each arm 78.
  • a pin 82 is fixedly mounted within each aperture 80 parallel to axis 75.
  • the drum 42 includes a cylindrical wall 88 centered about axis 75.
  • the bottom wall 92 of drum 42 extends radially inwardly from the bottom end of the cylindrical wall 88.
  • the bottom wall 92 includes a threaded aperture 94 centered on axis 75 and threadably engaging the externally threaded member 66.
  • the bottom wall 92 of the drum 42 further includes a pair of diametrically opposed apertures 96 radially spaced from the threaded aperture 94.
  • a linear bearing 98 is mounted in each aperture 96.
  • the top wall 102 extends radially inwardly from the top end of the cylindrical wall 88 of the drum 42.
  • Linear bearings 104 are similarly mounted in aperture 106 in the top wall 102.
  • the pins 82 are disposed in apertures 96 and 106.
  • the linear bearings 98 and 104 permit axial movement of the drum 42 relative to pins 82 and shaft 74, but there is not relative rotation between the pins 82 and the
  • an optical encoder 116 measures rotational movement of the shaft 74.
  • the stator portion (including the necessary electronics, not shown) is mounted to the intermediate wall 60.
  • the rotator portion of the optical encoder 116 is a rotating glass plate 118 which is fixedly mounted to the shaft 74.
  • a light emitting diode 120 and receiver 122 are fixedly mounted to the intermediate wall 60 and the top wall 62 respectively of the housing 46.
  • Indications (not shown) on the glass plate 118 intermittently block light from the light emitting diode 120 from being received by the receiver 122.
  • the number of pulses are directly proportional to the rotational displacement of the glass plate 118 and therefore shaft 74 and drum 42.
  • any of a variety of other known devices for measuring rotational displacement can also be used such as mechanical sensors, visual systems and other means including but not limited to laser devices, potentiometers and resolvers.
  • the second end 126 of shaft 74 is secured to the rotor portion of a spring motor 128 which rotationally biases the shaft 74 in one rotational direction in order to take up any slack in the cable 34.
  • the stator portion of the spring motor 128 is connected to the top wall 62.
  • the elongated member 34 is coiled at least partially about the outer surface 44 of the drum 42.
  • the elongated member 34 passes at least partially around the first pulley and through a hollow pivot pin 132 which is rotatably supported in housing 46.
  • the second pulley 52 is mounted to the pivot pin 132, thereby permitting the second pulley 52 to pivot relative to the housing 46.
  • the drum 42 rotates.
  • the rotational movement of the drum 42 is measured by the optical encoder 116. Knowing the circumference of the drum 42, the linear displacement of the cable 34 can be calculated.
  • the angle of the elongated member 34 as it leaves the second pulley 52 is obtained iteratively from angle sensors in the robot while calibrating the robot 22, and thus also the measurement device location through the calibration software in the CPU, 38.
  • the drum 42 is moved axially in order to wind the elongated member 34 in a single layer on the outer surface 44 of the drum 42.
  • the threaded engagement of the externally threaded member 66 and the threaded aperture 94 of the drum 42 causes axial movement of the drum 42 relative to the housing 46 proportional upon rotation of the drum 42.
  • the particular thread size preferably matches or is slightly greater than the thickness of the cable 34. As a result, overlap of the elongated member 34 is prevented and accuracy of the measurement is ensured.
  • the displacement measurement device can be placed at a nrimmum of three location on a single fixture holding a production part, these different locations being accurately known with respect to one common coordinate frame.
  • the calibration system software of the present invention will identify the mathematical relation in six degrees of freedom between that common coordinate frame and the frame attached to the end of the arm, 26.
  • the end of the elongated member, 34 can be attached to a minimum of three locations on an end effector which holds a production part in a plurality of orientations during an operation performed by a "stand-alone" tool such as a pedestal spot weld gun. If these locations on the end-effector are known with respect to one common coordinate frame, the calibration system software of the present invention will identify the mathematical relation in six degrees of freedom between that common coordinate frame and the robot base frame.
  • the present invention eliminates: (1) the need for more than one dimensional from the linear displacement measurement device; (2) the need to mount the measurement device in a plurality of locations in order to perform robot calibration; and (2) the requirement that the calibration robot program be taught off-line. Furthermore, the present invention offers a large measurement envelope while only exerting nearly negligible force at the measurement point thus increasing overall accuracy of robot parameters identified in the calibration process.
  • the present invention only requires that the linear displacement measurement device be mounted in a single location, which may be permanent, the present invention may be combined with an automated attachment mechanism which will allow calibration to occur without robot operator/programmer intervention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

Système amélioré (20) servant à étalonner un système robotisé. Ce système (20) comprend un dispositif (32) de mesure de déplacement linéaire combiné à un système d'étalonnage de robot. Ce dispositif (32) de mesure de déplacement linéaire est composé d'un élément allongé (34), d'un tambour, d'un arbre, d'un mécanisme servant à déplacer le tambour et d'un détecteur de rotation du tambour. Ce dernier est déplacé axialement sur l'arbre simultanément à sa rotation quand l'élément allongé (34) est déplacé. Le détecteur de rotation du tambour permet d'obtenir une information précise concernant la distance parcourue par l'élément allongé (34). On utilise ce dispositif (32) de mesure de déplacement de façon itérative avec le système (20) d'étalonnage dans le but d'étalonner un dispositif robotisé (22).
PCT/US1998/015739 1997-08-01 1998-07-31 Systeme d'etalonnage et dispositif servant a mesurer un deplacement WO1999006897A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU86013/98A AU8601398A (en) 1997-08-01 1998-07-31 Calibration system and displacement measurement device
US09/463,538 US6408252B1 (en) 1997-08-01 1998-07-31 Calibration system and displacement measurement device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5451397P 1997-08-01 1997-08-01
US60/054,513 1997-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999006897A1 true WO1999006897A1 (fr) 1999-02-11

Family

ID=21991613

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/015739 WO1999006897A1 (fr) 1997-08-01 1998-07-31 Systeme d'etalonnage et dispositif servant a mesurer un deplacement

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU8601398A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999006897A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10153049B4 (de) * 2001-10-26 2007-03-08 Wiest Ag 3D-Koordinationssystem

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5259120A (en) * 1991-07-27 1993-11-09 Renishaw Transducer Systems Limited Calibration and measurement device
US5392384A (en) * 1991-04-09 1995-02-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Method of calibrating an industrial robot
US5418890A (en) * 1991-06-25 1995-05-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Arm origin calibrating method for an articulated robot
US5535306A (en) * 1993-01-28 1996-07-09 Applied Materials Inc. Self-calibration system for robot mechanisms
US5687293A (en) * 1993-11-15 1997-11-11 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Method and device for calibration of movement axes of an industrial robot

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5392384A (en) * 1991-04-09 1995-02-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Method of calibrating an industrial robot
US5418890A (en) * 1991-06-25 1995-05-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Arm origin calibrating method for an articulated robot
US5259120A (en) * 1991-07-27 1993-11-09 Renishaw Transducer Systems Limited Calibration and measurement device
US5535306A (en) * 1993-01-28 1996-07-09 Applied Materials Inc. Self-calibration system for robot mechanisms
US5687293A (en) * 1993-11-15 1997-11-11 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Method and device for calibration of movement axes of an industrial robot

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10153049B4 (de) * 2001-10-26 2007-03-08 Wiest Ag 3D-Koordinationssystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8601398A (en) 1999-02-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6408252B1 (en) Calibration system and displacement measurement device
US5239855A (en) Positional calibration of robotic arm joints relative to the gravity vector
CN1980775B (zh) 用于测量可安装在操纵器上的光测量装置的方法以及其辅助装置
US6941192B2 (en) Robot machining tool position and orientation calibration
US10201901B2 (en) Robot apparatus, method for controlling robot, program, and recording medium
US9310482B2 (en) Methods for locating and sensing the position, orientation, and contour of a work object in a robotic system
JP5281898B2 (ja) 空間内の対象物の位置を測定かつ／または較正するための方法
JP6771888B2 (ja) ロボット装置、制御方法、物品の製造方法、プログラム及び記録媒体
US6070109A (en) Robot calibration system
US12146733B2 (en) Measuring device and method of operating a measuring device
JP2010531238A (ja) 切断機用自在軸受装置の位置調整用装置および方法
EP1040393A1 (fr) Procede d'etalonnage d'un systeme de controle robotise
JP4015161B2 (ja) 産業用ロボットの制御装置
CN110315530B (zh) 校准精度的评价方法和评价装置
JP7343349B2 (ja) ロボット、測定用治具、およびツール先端位置の決定方法
US20210025692A1 (en) Robot system with supplementary metrology position determination system
WO2000035639A1 (fr) Procede d'alignement de cellule, d'identification et d'etalonnage d'outil de robot
US4613803A (en) Industrial robot and a method for positioning same
JP2021189003A (ja) 形状測定装置および形状測定方法
WO1999006897A1 (fr) Systeme d'etalonnage et dispositif servant a mesurer un deplacement
CN113733102A (zh) 一种用于工业机器人的误差标定装置和方法
CN111006706B (zh) 一种基于线激光视觉传感器的旋转轴标定方法
US20060010969A1 (en) Surface finish tester apparatus and methods
KR100499090B1 (ko) 로봇의 캘리브레이션 장치 및 그 방법
JP2003181782A (ja) 産業用ロボット

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09463538

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: KR

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载