WO1999004646A1 - Chemical composition - Google Patents
Chemical composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999004646A1 WO1999004646A1 PCT/EP1998/004918 EP9804918W WO9904646A1 WO 1999004646 A1 WO1999004646 A1 WO 1999004646A1 EP 9804918 W EP9804918 W EP 9804918W WO 9904646 A1 WO9904646 A1 WO 9904646A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formic acid
- calcium
- solution
- feed
- calcium chloride
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 3
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004470 DL Methionine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methionine Chemical compound CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006109 methionine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- -1 calcium carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940095602 acidifiers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037118 bone strength Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021067 refined food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
Definitions
- This invention relates to a chemical composition enriched in calcium and free carboxylic acid which is used as a feed component in animal feeds.
- acids and salts are an important component of animal feeds due to their inherent fungicidal, bactericidal and other preservative properties.
- Two such components are an organic carboxylic acid such as eg formic acid which has fungicidal and bactericidal activity and calcium which enhances the bone strength of the animals fed.
- Hitherto animal feeds have been prepared in which the calcium is introduced as solid calcium carbonate or slaked lime, along with the other feed components comprising grains/cereals, protein, animal/fish meal, vitamins and carboxylic acids.
- industry has more recently preferred the use of liquid animal feeds and preservatives which are easier to measure, mix and dispense than a diverse mixture of solid and liquid components.
- the amount of carboxylic (eg formic) acid can be about 10-80% by weight but the amount of calcium is only about 4-0.5% w/w. This is due to the low solubility of calcium carboxylates and the basic salts of calcium in the acids, such as eg formic acid, used in animal feeds. In the prior art combinations of acids and salts have been disclosed but not in the context of the present invention.
- JP-A-91032993 describes the use of a preservative which is prepared by combining chitosan in a solution containing a chelate compound formed from (a) at least one of alkali earth metal, aluminium, iron and copper salts and (b) at least one organic acid which may be acetic and propionic acid. It is reported that chitosan decreases the polarity of the preservative used and increases the permeability thereof through the cellular membranes of microbes. The claimed preservative is said to be used in an amount of 0.8-3% in processed foods. There is no mention of formic acid or the use of acidifiers in animal feeds nor the more efficient use of acid values.
- JP-A- 60130346 describes a chitosan treatment process in which chitosan is immersed in aqueous solutions of salts of alkaline or alkaline earth metals and salts of organic acids including formic acid in order to form chitosan into a pulverised shape.
- a chitosan treatment process in which chitosan is immersed in aqueous solutions of salts of alkaline or alkaline earth metals and salts of organic acids including formic acid in order to form chitosan into a pulverised shape.
- the present invention is a composition suitable for use as an acidifier component of an animal feed, said composition comprising a solution of calcium chloride in formic acid such that the amount of calcium in said solution is greater than 5% by weight and the pH value of the solution (10% w/w) admixed with water (90% w/w) is ⁇ 2.5.
- the calcium salt is calcium chloride which may be used as such or in its hydrated form such as eg a dihydrate.
- Formic acid and the calcium chloride are mixed together in the appropriate proportions as desired in the animal feed. These components can be simply mixed by bringing into contact an amount of calcium chloride - which is wholly soluble in water - with formic acid and mixing the two components by eg stirring under ambient conditions.
- Formic acid is usually sold commercially as an 85% w/w aqueous solution.
- the advantage of the compositions of the present invention is that formic acid has a much lower dissociation constant and a much higher pK value than the corresponding inorganic acids such as carbonic, hydrochloric, sulphuric and ortho-phosphoric acids.
- the formate ion cannot be displaced by the chloride ion from calcium chloride being of a much higher dissociation constant (K) and a much lower pK value.
- the chloride of calcium chloride does not consume or adversely affect the formate ions in the solution thereby enabling them to perform their respective functions in the animal feed.
- a liquid formic acid is used to acidify a feed.
- a calcium compound such as limestone as a source of calcium in the animal feed.
- the liquid formic acid contains calcium ions and therefore a lesser amount of limestone can be used, if desired, in the animal feed.
- formic acid is capable of having its full effect when added to such animal feeds.
- Examples of typical acidified piglet diet will have the following components in % by weight;
- Soya beans (heated) 5.0
- B-value represents buffering capacity of the feed and is the amount mis of 0. IN HC1 that is needed to reduce the pH of 10 g of feed in 100 Ml of water at pH 5.
- the B- value is reduced to 8.0 ml.
- a liquid composition was prepared by dissolving 5 grams of calcium chloride dihydrate in 7 grams of an aqueous solution of formic acid (85% w/w).
- the pH value of a 10% w/w aqueous solution of the composition described above was 1.6.
- the calcium content of the composition was 11.35% w/w.
- the calcium remained in solution in the composition at temperatures below 10°C.
- Example 2
- a liquid composition was prepared by dissolving 5 grams of calcium chloride dihydrate in 6 grams of an aqueous solution of formic acid (85% w/w) and 1 gram of propionic acid (99.7% w/w).
- the pH value of a 10% w/w aqueous solution of the composition described above was 1.6.
- the calcium content of the composition was 11.35% w/w.
- the calcium remained in solution in the composition at temperatures below 10°C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to a composition suitable for use as an acidifier component of an animal feed, and comprises a solution of calcium chloride in formic acid such that the amount of calcium in said solution is greater than 5 % by weight and the pH value of the solution (10 % w/w) admixed with water (90 % w/w) is < 2.5. The present invention uses a relatively lower amount of acidifier such as formic acid than would otherwise be the case if a basic salt of calcium is used.
Description
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
This invention relates to a chemical composition enriched in calcium and free carboxylic acid which is used as a feed component in animal feeds.
It is well known that acids and salts are an important component of animal feeds due to their inherent fungicidal, bactericidal and other preservative properties. Two such components are an organic carboxylic acid such as eg formic acid which has fungicidal and bactericidal activity and calcium which enhances the bone strength of the animals fed. Hitherto animal feeds have been prepared in which the calcium is introduced as solid calcium carbonate or slaked lime, along with the other feed components comprising grains/cereals, protein, animal/fish meal, vitamins and carboxylic acids. However, industry has more recently preferred the use of liquid animal feeds and preservatives which are easier to measure, mix and dispense than a diverse mixture of solid and liquid components. One of the problems with the latter is that such a feed does not retain sufficient amount of the carboxylic acid such as eg formic acid values in the feed for the desired anti-salmonella, fungicidal or bactericidal activity nor does it retain enough of the calcium in solution due to the relatively low solubility of such calcium salts. For instance, if a basic salt such as eg calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide is dissolved in formic acid, the basic nature of the calcium compound neutralises the acid values of the composition and the inherent insolubility of the compound in water further diminishes the amount of calcium that can be incorporated in the animal feed. Thus, in conventional liquids produced by the above method, the amount of carboxylic (eg formic) acid can be about 10-80% by weight but the amount of calcium is only about 4-0.5% w/w. This is due to the low solubility of calcium carboxylates and the basic salts of calcium in the acids, such as eg formic acid, used in animal feeds.
In the prior art combinations of acids and salts have been disclosed but not in the context of the present invention. For instance, JP-A-91032993 describes the use of a preservative which is prepared by combining chitosan in a solution containing a chelate compound formed from (a) at least one of alkali earth metal, aluminium, iron and copper salts and (b) at least one organic acid which may be acetic and propionic acid. It is reported that chitosan decreases the polarity of the preservative used and increases the permeability thereof through the cellular membranes of microbes. The claimed preservative is said to be used in an amount of 0.8-3% in processed foods. There is no mention of formic acid or the use of acidifiers in animal feeds nor the more efficient use of acid values. Similarly, JP-A- 60130346 describes a chitosan treatment process in which chitosan is immersed in aqueous solutions of salts of alkaline or alkaline earth metals and salts of organic acids including formic acid in order to form chitosan into a pulverised shape. There is no mention of using a combination of a calcium chloride with formic acid nor indeed the objectives, problems or solutions contemplated by the present invention.
It has now been found that such problems may be overcome by pre-forming a solution of a calcium compound in the carboxylic acid and using this preformed solution as a liquid feed component thereby enhancing the amount of acid as well calcium in the feed.
Accordingly, the present invention is a composition suitable for use as an acidifier component of an animal feed, said composition comprising a solution of calcium chloride in formic acid such that the amount of calcium in said solution is greater than 5% by weight and the pH value of the solution (10% w/w) admixed with water (90% w/w) is < 2.5.
The calcium salt is calcium chloride which may be used as such or in its hydrated form such as eg a dihydrate.
Formic acid and the calcium chloride are mixed together in the appropriate proportions as desired in the animal feed. These components can be simply mixed by bringing into contact an amount of calcium chloride - which is wholly soluble in water - with formic acid and mixing the two components by eg stirring under ambient conditions. Formic acid is usually sold commercially as an 85% w/w aqueous solution. The advantage of the compositions of the present invention is that formic acid has a much lower dissociation constant and a much higher pK value than the corresponding inorganic acids such as carbonic, hydrochloric,
sulphuric and ortho-phosphoric acids. Thus, the formate ion cannot be displaced by the chloride ion from calcium chloride being of a much higher dissociation constant (K) and a much lower pK value. Hence, the chloride of calcium chloride does not consume or adversely affect the formate ions in the solution thereby enabling them to perform their respective functions in the animal feed. Thus, it is possible to generate formulations containing greater than 10% w/w of calcium and yet retaining a high formic acid value than hitherto possible.
To acidify a feed, normally a liquid formic acid is used. However, its effectiveness is decreased when this is used in conjunction with a calcium compound such as limestone as a source of calcium in the animal feed. In the present invention the liquid formic acid contains calcium ions and therefore a lesser amount of limestone can be used, if desired, in the animal feed. By adopting this method, formic acid is capable of having its full effect when added to such animal feeds. Examples of typical acidified piglet diet will have the following components in % by weight;
Barley meal 42.3
Wheat feed 19.1
Maize 10.0 Soya protein (45% CP) 15.3
Fish meal 2
Soya beans (heated) 5.0
DL Methionine 0.10
Dicalcium phosphate 1.2 Limestone 0.6
Animal fat 3.0
Vitamins Premix 0.5
Salt 0.25
Formic Acid (85%) 0.6 B-value* 11.5 ml
* B-value represents buffering capacity of the feed and is the amount mis of 0. IN HC1 that is needed to reduce the pH of 10 g of feed in 100 Ml of water at pH 5. When a solution of calcium in formic acid according to the present invention is used, the B- value is reduced to 8.0 ml.
The present invention is illustrated with reference to the following Examples: Example 1:
A liquid composition was prepared by dissolving 5 grams of calcium chloride dihydrate in 7 grams of an aqueous solution of formic acid (85% w/w). The pH value of a 10% w/w aqueous solution of the composition described above was 1.6. The calcium content of the composition was 11.35% w/w. The calcium remained in solution in the composition at temperatures below 10°C. Example 2:
A liquid composition was prepared by dissolving 5 grams of calcium chloride dihydrate in 6 grams of an aqueous solution of formic acid (85% w/w) and 1 gram of propionic acid (99.7% w/w). The pH value of a 10% w/w aqueous solution of the composition described above was 1.6. The calcium content of the composition was 11.35% w/w. The calcium remained in solution in the composition at temperatures below 10°C. Example 3:
A typical composition was prepared according to the invention and compared with a conventional (control) feed composition (both in % w/w) for its acidity using the same amount of formic acid. The results are tabulated below:
The above results show that the formulations of the present invention have greater acidity for the same amount of acid if a solution of calcium chloride in the carboxylic acid is used instead of acid and limestone.
Claims
1. A composition suitable for use as an acidifier component of an animal feed, said composition comprising a solution of calcium chloride in formic acid such that the amount of calcium in said solution is greater than 5% by weight and the pH value of the solution (10% w/w) admixed with water (90% w/w) is < 2.5.
2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein formic acid is used as an aqueous solution thereof.
3. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein calcium chloride is used as such or in its hydrated form.
4. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein formic acid and the calcium chloride are mixed together in the appropriate proportions as desired in the animal feed.
5. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein formic acid and calcium chloride are mixed by bringing into contact an amount of calcium chloride with an aqueous solution of formic acid and mixing the two by stirring under ambient conditions.
6. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein formic acid is used as an 85% w/w aqueous solution.
7. An animal feed composition comprising as diet the following components in % by weight: Barley meal 42.3
Wheat feed 19.1
Maize 10.0
Soya protein (45% CP) 15.3
Fish meal 2 Soya beans (heated) 5.0 DL Methionine 0.10
Dicalcium phosphate 1.2
Limestone 0.6
Animal fat 3.0
Vitamins Premix 0.5
Salt 0.25
Formic Acid (85%) 0.6
B-value 11.5 ml wherein B-value represents buffering capacity of the feed and is the amount in mis of 0. IN HCl that is needed to reduce the pH of 10 g of feed in 100 ml of water at pH 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU88630/98A AU8863098A (en) | 1997-07-28 | 1998-07-17 | Chemical composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9715908.1A GB9715908D0 (en) | 1997-07-28 | 1997-07-28 | Chemical composition |
| GB9715908.1 | 1997-07-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999004646A1 true WO1999004646A1 (en) | 1999-02-04 |
Family
ID=10816590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1998/004918 WO1999004646A1 (en) | 1997-07-28 | 1998-07-17 | Chemical composition |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU8863098A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9715908D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999004646A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004019683A3 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-04-15 | Novus Int Inc | Antimicrobial compositions |
| US7232514B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2007-06-19 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method and composition for polishing a substrate |
| US7465471B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2008-12-16 | Novus International, Inc. | Palatability of aquaculture feed |
| US8465761B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2013-06-18 | Novus International, Inc. | Piglet feed rations having low levels of fermentable carbohydrates |
| US8691843B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2014-04-08 | Novus International, Inc. | Antioxidant combinations for use in ruminant feed rations |
| CN105379965A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-09 | 上海美农生物科技股份有限公司 | Production method for protective feed acidifier |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3901976A (en) * | 1972-03-20 | 1975-08-26 | Dow Chemical Co | Thixotropic liquid feed supplements for ruminants of carbohydrates, npn and clay |
| GB1515487A (en) * | 1976-03-30 | 1978-06-28 | Degussa | Process for the preparation of silage |
| EP0009366A1 (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1980-04-02 | Bp Nutrition Limited | Milk containing animal feed compositions and aqueous feeds based on them |
| JPS60130346A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-07-11 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | Treatment of chitosan |
| JPS6254201A (en) * | 1985-09-03 | 1987-03-09 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | Polarizing film and its manufacturing method |
| EP0219997A1 (en) * | 1985-10-10 | 1987-04-29 | BP Chemicals Limited | Antimicrobial additives for compound animal feedstuffs |
| DE3733080A1 (en) * | 1986-10-02 | 1988-04-14 | Anton Kahlbacher | Liquid thawing substance for combating compacted snow and sheet ice (black ice) |
| JPH09263477A (en) * | 1996-01-23 | 1997-10-07 | Daiichi Seimo Kk | Liquid calcium fertilizer |
-
1997
- 1997-07-28 GB GBGB9715908.1A patent/GB9715908D0/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-07-17 WO PCT/EP1998/004918 patent/WO1999004646A1/en active Application Filing
- 1998-07-17 AU AU88630/98A patent/AU8863098A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3901976A (en) * | 1972-03-20 | 1975-08-26 | Dow Chemical Co | Thixotropic liquid feed supplements for ruminants of carbohydrates, npn and clay |
| GB1515487A (en) * | 1976-03-30 | 1978-06-28 | Degussa | Process for the preparation of silage |
| EP0009366A1 (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1980-04-02 | Bp Nutrition Limited | Milk containing animal feed compositions and aqueous feeds based on them |
| JPS60130346A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-07-11 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | Treatment of chitosan |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7232514B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2007-06-19 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method and composition for polishing a substrate |
| WO2004019683A3 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-04-15 | Novus Int Inc | Antimicrobial compositions |
| US7465471B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2008-12-16 | Novus International, Inc. | Palatability of aquaculture feed |
| US8691843B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2014-04-08 | Novus International, Inc. | Antioxidant combinations for use in ruminant feed rations |
| US8465761B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2013-06-18 | Novus International, Inc. | Piglet feed rations having low levels of fermentable carbohydrates |
| CN105379965A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-09 | 上海美农生物科技股份有限公司 | Production method for protective feed acidifier |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9715908D0 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
| AU8863098A (en) | 1999-02-16 |
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