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WO1999003290A1 - Procede et appareil permettant une commutation entre un systeme radiotelephonique macrocellulaire public et un systeme radiotelephonique microcellulaire prive - Google Patents

Procede et appareil permettant une commutation entre un systeme radiotelephonique macrocellulaire public et un systeme radiotelephonique microcellulaire prive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999003290A1
WO1999003290A1 PCT/IB1998/001216 IB9801216W WO9903290A1 WO 1999003290 A1 WO1999003290 A1 WO 1999003290A1 IB 9801216 W IB9801216 W IB 9801216W WO 9903290 A1 WO9903290 A1 WO 9903290A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microcell
neighbor
macrocell
signal quality
reselection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB1998/001216
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dau Huy Do
Lawrence S. Wong
Original Assignee
Nortel Networks Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nortel Networks Corporation filed Critical Nortel Networks Corporation
Priority to AU84582/98A priority Critical patent/AU8458298A/en
Publication of WO1999003290A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999003290A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of cellular telephony, and in particular to private cellular telephone systems.
  • a cellular telephone network includes a number of radio cells that are served by fixed base station transceivers. Most cellular customers subscribe to a public cellular service provider, known as a "cellco.” When a mobile subscriber unit powers up within the coverage area of a celKthat is served by the cellco, the mobile registers with the cellco through the corresponding cell.
  • a mobile subscriber When a mobile subscriber roams from a public system to a private system, it must register with the private system.
  • One standard roaming technique requires that the mobile monitor the signal strengths of control channels corresponding to the public macrocells and the private microcells. When the signal strength of a microcell exceeds a predetermined threshold, then the mobile logs in with the private network. The mobile continues to monitor the control channels, and when the signal strength of the private network falls below the threshold, then the mobile logs in with the public network.
  • the present invention provides a method and apparatus for switching between a public macrocellular telephone system and a private microcellular telephone system.
  • a mobile telephone switches between a macrocell and at least one neighbor microcell.
  • Circuitry in the telephone monitors the signal quality of signals from the macrocell and the neighbor microcells.
  • Reselection circuitry reselects the telephone from a current microcell to the neighbor macrocell based upon a preferred neighbor status of the microcell.
  • the reselection is based, at least in part, upon the signal quality associated with the macrocell exceeding the signal quality associated with the current microcell by a nonzero offset.
  • the reselection may also be based, at least in part, upon the signal quality associated with the current microcell falling below a predetermined threshold. Further, reselection may additionally be based upon the signal quality associated with the macrocell exceeding the predetermined threshold.
  • Reselection from a current macrocell to a neighbor microcell may be based, at least in part, upon the signal quality associated with the neighbor microcell and the predetermined threshold. In that case, reselection may be based upon the microcell signal quality exceeding the predetermined threshold.
  • the reselection may be based upon a regular neighbor status of the current microcell. Such reselection may occur if the signal quality associated with the neighbor microcell exceeds the signal quality associated with the current microcell by the nonzero offset.
  • the telephone can also include a neighbor list that lists frequencies associated with the macrocell site and the microcell sites. These frequencies are monitored by the metering circuitry.
  • the microcells in the neighbor list are sequentially listed in order of decreasing preference, so that the first target microcell having a satisfactory signal quality is chosen for reselection.
  • the macrocell is associated with a first network, which may be a public network, and the microcells are associated with a second network, which may be a private network.
  • the two networks operate on different control channels to avoid interference.
  • the telephone is accessed by a first directory number when registered with the macrocell site, and accessed by a second directory number when registered with a microcell site.
  • a home location register associated with the second network associates the second directory number with the first directory number when the telephone is registered with a microcell site.
  • Figure 1 A is a simplified block diagram illustrating a cellular telephone system according to the present invention.
  • Figure IB is a simplified block diagram illustrating a standard mobile telephone unit, which can be reprogrammed according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a neighbor list according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a simplified flow chart diagramming the operation of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a chart illustrating the reselection algorithm of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a home location register according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method and apparatus for switching between a public macrocellular telephone system and a private microcellular telephone system.
  • numerous details are set forth in order to enable a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the invention. Further, well-known elements, devices, process steps and the like are not set forth in detail in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
  • circuitry refers to any hardware, software and/or firmware for performing the functions described herein.
  • FIG. 1 A is a simplified block diagram illustrating a cellular telephone system according to the present invention.
  • the private, microcellular telephone system of the present invention operates in conjunction with a public, macrocellular system.
  • the illustrated microcellular system includes a PBX 100 that controls switching of private base stations A 102, B 104 and C 106.
  • the PBX 100 may, for example, be implemented with a MERIDIAN Ml (Northern Telecom trademark) private branch exchange.
  • the figure also illustrates desk phones 108 connected by wire to the PBX, and a home location register (HLR) 110 serving the PBX.
  • the HLR 110 is a database that contains subscription information, service activation information and current location information for each subscriber within the private network.
  • the HLR 110 also contains subscriber verification information. Further information concerning HLRs may be found in U.S. Patent No. 5,537,594, issued to Maidenhead et al., and assigned to Northern Telecom, incorporated by reference herein.
  • the radio coverage areas of the private base stations define the microcells of the private network.
  • three microcells 112, 114, 116 serve a corporate site.
  • Each cell is associated with a control channel, and at least one voice/data traffic channel.
  • base station A operates on control channel 702
  • B operates on control channel 681
  • C operates on control channel 016.
  • the microcells of the corporate site fall within a macrocell 118 served by a macrocellular base station D 120, which is coupled to the cellco 122 and operates on control channel 1015.
  • the figure shows a mobile subscriber unit 124 within the macrocell 118 being served by base station D 120 and approaching the microcell 112 served by base station A 102.
  • FIG. IB is a simplified block diagram illustrating a standard mobile unit 124, such as a Nokia Model No. 2160, which has been reprogrammed according to the present invention.
  • the phone 124 includes an antenna 200 coupled to a transceiver 202.
  • the transceiver 202 includes an RF interface and analog-to- digital and digital-to-analog circuitry.
  • the transceiver 202 has an analog output 204 coupled to a power meter 206, and a digital input/output 208 coupled to a system bus 210, which carries address/data and control signals.
  • the bus is coupled to a microcontroller 212 for controlling the operation of the telephone.
  • the unit also incorporates an LCD output 216 and a keypad input 218 coupled to the bus 210.
  • the CPU 212 controls the frequencies to which the transceiver 202 tunes. Using standard techniques to perform a power measurement, the CPU 212 tunes the transceiver 202 to a selected control channel, and instructs the power meter 206 to measure the received power. The CPU can also measure bit error rate, using known techniques. Power and bit error rate are signal quality indicators typically used for handoff and roaming purposes.
  • the cellco 122 may be coupled to the PBX 100 of the private network through a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 126.
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • control and traffic channels are allocated between the public and private networks according to an agreement between the private network operator and the cellco.
  • the public and private frequencies are selected so that they do not overlap. In this manner, the problem of interference between adjacent cells is eliminated.
  • the mobile unit is said to be registered with a cellular network when its voice/data traffic is linked to other telephones through that network.
  • the phone measures the signal quality of transmissions from nearby base stations. Based upon these measurements, the mobile unit may register with another cellular system through a base station outside its home system in order to establish a better communications link. When this happens, the mobile is said to be "roaming.”
  • the process of changing registration between public macrocells and private microcells will be described as "reselection.”
  • the mobile unit of the present invention must measure the signal quality of neighboring Cells.
  • the mobile unit Upon subscription to the private cellular service, the mobile unit is programmed with a neighbor list of cells in the neighborhood of the private, corporate site.
  • the neighbor list illustrated in Figure 2, stores information about the surrounding macrocell and the private microcell system. This information includes the channel numbers corresponding to the control frequencies of the surrounding macrocell and the private operating frequencies of the neighboring microcell control channels.
  • the digital verification color codes (DVCCs) (not shown) corresponding to each channel are also stored in the neighbor list.
  • the DVCCs are codes assigned to each channel to aid spatial reuse, as is well known in the art.
  • the reselection algorithm of the present invention is a modification of the roaming algorithm found in many popular cell phones, including the Nokia Model No. 2160. There are four situations in which roaming or reselection may occur: macrocell to macrocell; macrocell to microcell; microcell to macrocell; and microcell to microcell.
  • the reselection algorithm operates differently depending upon the current cell type c and the candidate cell type i.
  • the phone will monitor the signal quality of neighboring macrocells to determine whether reselection is required. The decision is based upon the signal quality measured over the corresponding control channels, including parameters such as signal strength and bit error rates.
  • This process is governed by the standard macrocell algorithm programmed into the phone by the cellco.
  • the current macrocell is operating on control channel 1015.
  • This cell is in the neighborhood of the private network, i.e., wholly or partially covers the area of the business site. This status is indicated in Figure 2, with a current cell pointer c pointing to macrocell 1015.
  • the conventional algorithm continues to run to determine whether reselection to a neighboring macrocell is warranted. Note that a neighboring macrocell may share coverage of the business site, especially if the site is sufficiently large.
  • the phone runs a "private" reselection algorithm of the invention along with the standard macrocell reselection algorithm.
  • the private algorithm uses parameters preferably different from those employed by the public algorithm. In this manner, the private algorithm is autonomous with respect to the public algorithm.
  • the private reselection algorithm programmed into the phone scans down the neighbor list one-by-one to determine whether reselection to a target candidate microcell is required.
  • a target cell pointer i first points to neighboring microchannel 702.
  • the algorithm determines whether reselection is necessary based upon a function (step 300) of the measured signal strength of the target microcell and a threshold.
  • the signal strength measured over the control channel of the target cell is compared to a threshold SS SUFF (sufficient signal strength).
  • the threshold is preferably set to the microcell downlink threshold that is reached just upon entering the building. Downlink refers to the RF link from the base station to the mobile phone.
  • the microcell system should be designed with a downlink threshold equal to -85 dBm or 17 dB above the noise floor, whichever is the worse case.
  • step 400 If the microcell signal strength as measured by the phone exceeds this threshold for a time period greater than DELAY (e.g., 0.64 second) (step 400), then the phone reselects to the target microcell 702 (steps 302, 304) and resets the current cell pointer.in the neighbor list to the 702 microcell (step 306). The algorithm also advances the target cell pointer to the next target cell on the neighbor list (681 in this example) (step 308). Note that the algorithm does not select the strongest of the three microcells. Rather, it selects the first microcell down the list that has a satisfactory signal quality.
  • DELAY e.g. 0.64 second
  • the private reselection algorithm overrides the public algorithm to prevent reselection to a macrocell according to the parameters set by the cellco. Instead, when the current cell is a microcell, reselection to a macrocell occurs according to the private reselection algorithm, as described below.
  • the mobile monitors transmissions from the PBX to determine whether the mobile is authorized to communicate with the PBX's network.
  • the PBX transmits a private system identification number (PSID).
  • PSID represents the verification number corresponding to the private system, e.g., a company i.d.
  • the mobile stores the PSID(s) of the private system(s) for which it is authorized. If the transmitted PSID matches a stored PSID, then the mobile sends a registration request message to the microcell PBX on the corresponding control channel.
  • the message includes the phone's mobile identification number (MIN) and electronic serial number (ESN).
  • MIN phone's mobile identification number
  • ESN electronic serial number
  • MIN is programmed into the phone upon subscription to the public cellco service.
  • the PBX Upon receiving the request, the PBX verifies that the phone has authority to register with the private system by comparing the request information with corresponding parameters in the HLR, illustrated in Figure 5. If the MIN and ESN match in the HLR, then the PBX registers the phone with the private system and sends a registration acknowledge signal back to the phone.
  • the HLR also correlates the phone information with a private telephone direct dial phone number, the identification number of the cell control channel, and a user profile for the PBX.
  • the private nun ⁇ ber comprises a home site ID of the PBX and a four-digit directory number (DN).
  • the private number is the number by which callers outside the private network can dial a desk phone in the private network.
  • the DN for example, is a four-digit extension by which other private subscribers can reach phones within the network.
  • the private number is associated with the MIN of the cell phone through the HLR.
  • All incoming calls (whether from within or without the private network) that are directed to the desk phone at the office private number are also directed to the corresponding cell phone through the use of the control channel identified by the cell ID and a traffic channel selected by the PBX.
  • the PBX pages the cellular phone's MIN over the control channel. The phone acknowledges the page over the control channel, and switches to a traffic channel specified by the page request. The PBX then rings the phone.
  • all outgoing calls placed by the cell phone are treated as if they originated at the corresponding desk phone.
  • the user profile represents the feature set available to the desk phone (and now the cell phone), including calling features such as access to long distance, call forwarding, caller ID, etc.
  • the PBX recognizes whether the cell phone (identified by its MIN) is registered with the PBX in its HLR. If so, then all calls to the private desk number will reach the cell phone as well. If the cell phone is not registered with the private network, however, then the PBX can activate call forwarding so that all calls placed to the private number are forwarded to the cell phone's MIN over the PSTN.
  • step 400 if the SS_SUFF threshold is not exceeded by control channel 702 (step 400), then reselection does not occur (step 302) and the phone advances the target cell pointer to the next cell in the neighbor list (step 308), which in this case is microcell 681.
  • the reselection algorithm is then repeated. If the target cell pointer reaches the end of the neighbor list and no reselection occurs, then the target cell pointer wraps around the list to point to the first available target cell (e.g., 702), and the algorithm of Figures 3 and 4 is repeated.
  • the target cell pointer may only point to a microcell because reselection from one macrocell to another macrocell is only handled by the standard public macrocell algorithm.
  • the present invention may easily be modified to incorporate macrocell-to-macrocell reselection.
  • the target cell pointer When the mobile moves around within a multi-cell microcell system, it needs to reselect among microcells. Assuming that the current cell is microcell 702, then the target cell pointer will first point to microcell 681, as described above. Internal microcell neighbors are treated as regular reselection candidates, rather than preferred neighbors (discussed below).
  • the phone examines whether the target microcell is stronger than the current cell by a reselection offset RESEL_OFFSET for a time period greater than DELAY (step 402).
  • the reselection offset RESEL_OFFSET can be set, for example, to a value of 6 dB. If this condition is satisfied, reselection to the target microcell 681 occurs.
  • a macrocell can be the target cell of a current microcell so that reselection to a macrocell can occur according to the algorithm of the present invention.
  • the current cell is a microcell and the target cell is a macrocell
  • reselection occurs if three conditions are satisfied for a time period greater than DELAY: the signal strength of the current microcell falls below the microcell SS_SUFF threshold; the signal strength of the target macrocell exceeds the signal strength of the current microcell by a value RESEL OFFSET; and the signal strength of the target macrocell exceeds the threshold SS_SUFF (step 404).
  • Microcells hold a preferred neighbor status with respect to macrocells. That is, a higher signal quality is required of a macrocell to reselect the macrocell when the phone is already registered with a microcell. Conversely, reselection from a macrocell to a microcell requires a lower microcell signal quality.
  • the private reselection algorithm again allows the public macrocell algorithm to run simultaneously to permit reselection to another macrocell, if necessary. As the mobile subscriber moves away from the microcell coverage area, the signal strength measured from the current microcell may fall below the threshold, but the macrocell signal strength may not satisfy the latter two conditions.
  • the target macrocell signal strength is also compared to a value RSS_ACC_MIN (reselection signal strength access minimum) (step 406).
  • RSS_ACC_MIN selection signal strength access minimum
  • An exemplary value of RSS_ACC_MIN is -90dB. If the measured signal strength falls below this value, then the mobile unit is deregistered from the private network. The mobile may display an indication that service is unavailable in that case.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil permettant une commutation entre un système radiotéléphonique macrocellulaire public et un système radiotéléphonique microcellulaire privé. Un téléphone mobile effectue une commutation entre une macrocellule et au moins une microcellule de voisinage. Des circuits existant dans le téléphone contrôlent la qualité de signaux provenant de la macrocellule (118) et des microcellules (112, 115, 116) de voisinage. Des circuits de resélection resélectionnent le téléphone de la microcellule utilisée vers la macrocellule de voisinage d'après un état de voisinage préféré de la microcellule. La resélection est fondée, en partie du moins, sur la qualité du signal associé à la macrocellule dépassant la qualité du signal associé à la microcellule utilisée, d'un décalage non nul. Cette resélection peut également être fondée, en partie du moins, sur la qualité du signal associé à la microcellule utilisée tombant en dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé. Une autre resélection peut, en outre, être fondée sur la qualité du signal associé à la macrocellule dépassant le seuil prédéterminé. Une resélection d'une macrocellule utilisée vers une microcellule de voisinage peut être fondée, en partie du moins, sur la qualité du signal associé à la microcellule de voisinage et à un seuil prédéterminé. Dans ce cas, la resélection peut être fondée sur la qualité du signal de microcellule dépassant le seuil prédéterminé. Pour une resélection d'une microcellule utilisée vers une microcellule de voisinage, il est possible de se fonder sur un statut normal de voisinage de la microcellule utilisée. Cette resélection peut survenir si la qualité du signal associé à la microcellule de voisinage dépasse la qualité du signal associé à la microcellule utilisée d'un décalage non nul.
PCT/IB1998/001216 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Procede et appareil permettant une commutation entre un systeme radiotelephonique macrocellulaire public et un systeme radiotelephonique microcellulaire prive WO1999003290A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU84582/98A AU8458298A (en) 1997-07-11 1998-07-10 Method and apparatus for switching between public macrocellular telephone systemand private microcellular telephone system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US89377097A 1997-07-11 1997-07-11
US08/893,770 1997-07-11

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WO1999003290A1 true WO1999003290A1 (fr) 1999-01-21

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001043462A3 (fr) * 1999-12-07 2002-03-28 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Procedes et appareils pour reselectionner des cellules pour une prise en charge efficace des structures cellulaires hierarchiques
EP1411741A1 (fr) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-21 NTT DoCoMo, Inc. Station mobile, système et procédé de resélection de cellule
WO2010000178A1 (fr) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 华为技术有限公司 Procédé, dispositif et système permettant à un terminal mobile de résider rapidement dans une cellule d’un point d’accès
WO2010017761A1 (fr) * 2008-08-11 2010-02-18 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et terminal destinés à une resélection de cellule
CN101784088A (zh) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-21 中兴通讯股份有限公司 小区选择方法与装置
WO2013093174A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Nokia Corporation Procédé et appareil de gestion de connexion
US10237801B2 (en) 2013-09-19 2019-03-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Inter-RAT and intra-RAT small cell reselection

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US5067171A (en) * 1987-03-31 1991-11-19 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for hand-off of call in progress
US5278991A (en) * 1990-04-06 1994-01-11 Stc Plc Handover techniques
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001043462A3 (fr) * 1999-12-07 2002-03-28 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Procedes et appareils pour reselectionner des cellules pour une prise en charge efficace des structures cellulaires hierarchiques
US6751460B2 (en) * 1999-12-07 2004-06-15 Nokia Corporation Methods and apparatus for performing cell reselection for supporting efficiently hierarchical cell structures
AU777888B2 (en) * 1999-12-07 2004-11-04 Nokia Corporation Methods and apparatus for performing cell reselection for supporting efficiently hierarchical cell structures
EP1411741A1 (fr) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-21 NTT DoCoMo, Inc. Station mobile, système et procédé de resélection de cellule
WO2010000178A1 (fr) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 华为技术有限公司 Procédé, dispositif et système permettant à un terminal mobile de résider rapidement dans une cellule d’un point d’accès
WO2010017761A1 (fr) * 2008-08-11 2010-02-18 华为技术有限公司 Procédé et terminal destinés à une resélection de cellule
CN101651961B (zh) * 2008-08-11 2012-06-20 华为技术有限公司 小区重选的方法和终端
CN101784088A (zh) * 2009-01-21 2010-07-21 中兴通讯股份有限公司 小区选择方法与装置
WO2013093174A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Nokia Corporation Procédé et appareil de gestion de connexion
US9544835B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2017-01-10 Nokia Technologies Oy Method and apparatus for connection management
US10237801B2 (en) 2013-09-19 2019-03-19 Qualcomm Incorporated Inter-RAT and intra-RAT small cell reselection

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AR013644A1 (es) 2001-01-10
AU8458298A (en) 1999-02-08

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