WO1999002566A2 - Proteine normalisee - Google Patents
Proteine normalisee Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999002566A2 WO1999002566A2 PCT/EP1998/004237 EP9804237W WO9902566A2 WO 1999002566 A2 WO1999002566 A2 WO 1999002566A2 EP 9804237 W EP9804237 W EP 9804237W WO 9902566 A2 WO9902566 A2 WO 9902566A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- standard
- protein
- standard protein
- proteins
- binding site
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/62—DNA sequences coding for fusion proteins
Definitions
- the invention relates to a standard protein and a mixture of standard proteins, an expression vector for expressing the standard protein and a method for producing the standard protein.
- the determination of the molecular weight and the isoelectric point is particularly important.
- the analysis is generally done by determining the rate or distance of migration of the protein under chromatographic or electrophoretic conditions. Since these methods do not give absolute values and have a wide range of fluctuation, it is necessary to determine the properties in comparison to a standard protein, the properties of which are known.
- a common method for determining the properties of a protein in a mixture of proteins is, for example, Western blot (Bumette, WN: "Western Blotting”: Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radiolabelled protein, A. Anal. Biochem. 112 (1981) 195-203).
- a protein mixture is separated, for example by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (aemmli, UK "Cleavage of Structural Proteins During the Assembly of the Head of the Bacteriophage T4", Nature 227 (1970) 680-685).
- the gel is placed on a protein-binding membrane (eg made of nitrocellulose or polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF)) and electroeluted in a blot chamber, the proteins from the gel migrate out onto the membrane. Residual free protein binding sites on the membrane are saturated with a blocking reagent, which may contain albumin, for example.
- a protein-binding membrane eg made of nitrocellulose or polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF)
- PVDF polyvinyl difluoride
- the protein to be analyzed is detected by incubation with a so-called primary antibody directed against this protein, which binds to the protein with the highest possible affinity and specificity.
- incubation is carried out with a so-called secondary antibody directed against the F c part of the primary antibody, to which a marker, usually an enzyme, is conjugated.
- a marker usually an enzyme
- it is able, in a further step, to convert an added substrate into a colored, insoluble product and, in the end, to specifically determine the position of the corresponding protein.
- the technical problem on which the present invention is based is therefore to provide standard proteins which allow a simple staining of the standard proteins in a Western blot and which are moreover compatible with standard chromatographic or electrophoretic separation processes.
- the problem is solved by a standard protein according to claim 1, a mixture of standard proteins according to claim 7, an assembly according to claim 15, a method for producing the standard protein according to claim 17 using an expression vector according to claim 16.
- the standard protein according to the invention has at least one specific binding site for enzymes and / or for the constant region of an antibody and / or a specific binding site which comprises fragments of constant regions of antibodies which is functional after electrophoretic separation carried out under denaturing conditions.
- This can e.g. in the Western blot, the protein to be analyzed and the standard protein or proteins are stained simultaneously by adding a primary antibody of an enzyme-conjugated, secondary antibody or a mixture of secondary antibody and free enzyme in a common step.
- Constant region of an antibody denotes the constant proportions of the light and / or heavy chains of the antibodies. In the case of an immunoglobulin G, this is the constant region of the H chain (C H ) with the sections C H 1, C H 2, C H 3 and the constant regions of the L chain (C L ). These are preferably regions from the F c unit of the antibody.
- Fragments of constant regions of antibodies means that the binding site has a sequence which also occurs in the constant regions of an antibody defined above and which is recognized by antibodies which are directed against the constant regions. Such standard proteins are recognized directly by a typical F c -binding secondary antibody.
- “Denaturing conditions performed electrophoretic separation” is understood to mean a condition that is usually observed in electrophoretic separations, such as treatments with detergents, for example SDS, reducing Environment, urea, etc. In particular, this means heating to 95 ° C. for 5 minutes in the presence of a solubilizer as in Example 2.
- “Functional” is understood to mean that after the denaturing condition has been passed through, the binding site of the standard protein can be recognized under otherwise customary coloring conditions.
- the binding site of the standard protein according to the invention is able to form a stable complex with the enzyme or the antibody in order to carry out the color reaction as localized as possible.
- the standard protein is a recombinant protein.
- the standard protein is a recombinant protein which consists of one or more molecular weight domains 1, which forms a recombinant fusion protein with one or more binding domains 2.
- Figure 1 shows schematically a preferred embodiment.
- the standard protein according to the invention can have one or more binding sites for any enzyme suitable for detection and / or one binding site for the constant region of an antibody and also several different binding sites in the same protein.
- Suitable binding sites can advantageously be identified on peptide libraries.
- Peptide libraries consist of a large number of bacteriophages or bacteria that present various peptides on their surfaces. The above-mentioned enzymes or constant regions of an antibody are immobilized and brought into contact with the bacteriophages or bacteria from the Peptide Library.
- Proteins that bind antibodies can also be used to produce a binding site for the constant antibody components (Boyle, MDP (Ed.) Immunoglobulin Binding Proteins. Academic Press, SanDiego, 1990).
- Bacterial immunoglobulin binding proteins are advantageous, such as, for example, the immunoglobulin-binding proteins from streptococci as if there were protein G, M6 protein, EmmL55 protein or others (Fahnestock, SR, Alexander, P, Nagle, J, Filpula, D: Gene for an immunoglobulin lin-binding protein from a group G streptococcus.
- the DNA sequences for the binding sites thus obtained for the enzymes, for the constant antibody components or for the Fc antibodies can be amplified via PCR and optionally modified and inserted into a binding domain in such a way that they can be linked to a molecular weight domain in order to To produce standard protein.
- binding sites of the standard protein according to the invention are advantageously at the N or C terminus, since this facilitates free access for the binding partner. However, since the binding often takes place after denaturation, e.g. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the binding sites can also be distributed over the entire protein, provided that at least part of it is accessible to the enzymes to be bound.
- the standard protein is not post-translationally modified, in particular is not glycosylated.
- Post-translational modifications can lead to a so-called micro-heterogeneity, as a result of which proteins with the same amino acid sequence, by coupling further substances, have a molecular weight range which has an adverse effect on the sharpness of the bands or fractions obtained by the chromatrographic or electrophoretic separation.
- proteins that have not been post-translationally modified show a better, because sharper, separation.
- the standard proteins according to the invention in the mixture can differ, for example, in their molecular weight.
- mixtures which have standard proteins with a molecular weight of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 kDa are particularly preferred.
- Individual standard proteins can be used in a significantly higher amount than other standard proteins in order to facilitate the assignment of the bands.
- the standard proteins can also differ in their isoelectric point (p1).
- IEF Isoelectric focusing
- the proteins migrate according to their own charge in a pH gradient, which depending on the technique either already exists in the gel (immobiline technique) or only develops when a voltage is applied (carrier ampholyte technique).
- the proteins migrate until their pl corresponds to the pH of the gel.
- the native IEF does not require any urea additives. The purpose of urea use is to avoid aggregations; due to aggregations occurring the native does not achieve the resolution of the denaturing IEF.
- the standard proteins differ by the same value, the difference in the isoelectric points between the proteins being 0.5 or 1, depending on the resolution of the gel or the width of the gradient.
- the mixture should cover a pH range of 3 to 11.
- it can also be advantageous to cover only partial areas of the pH spectrum.
- the standard protein according to the invention can carry different binding sites in one protein
- mixtures are also suitable in which the standard proteins differ only in their binding sites for the enzymes or antibodies.
- the proteins differ in more than one property.
- the standard proteins are preferably produced by expression of an expression vector in a suitable expression system.
- the expression vector codes, inter alia, for the expression protein, which advantageously has at least one, but preferably repeating, molecular weight domains and also one or more binding domains.
- an expression vector for a desired standard protein can thus be obtained from a strain vector by multiplying the nucleotide sequences for the protein domains.
- the standard proteins according to the invention are also suitable for further analytical processes, e.g. Capillary electrophoresis, gel permeation chromatography and mass spectroscopy.
- FIG. 2 shows bands of the proteins according to the invention with the sizes 20, 40, 70 and 140 kD in the SDS polyacrylamide gel according to Laemmli (left) and in the Western blot (right).
- the proteins shown here were purified by gel filtration on a Superbox 200 HR column using an FPLC system before electrophoretic separation.
- pAX4a Derived from plasmid pAX4a (Markmeyer, P, Rühlmann, A, English, U, Cramer, F: The pAX plasmids: new gene fusion vectors for sequencing, mutagenesis and expression of proteins in Escherichia coli.
- a plasmid (plO) expressing a 10 kDa protein was prepared by means of PCR and the primers 10A (10A: ccgcttctggtgccggaaac-3 ") and 10B (gggtcgc-gaccatggaattc-3 ') : A simple 'method using T4 DNA Polymerase to clone polymerase chain reaction products.
- the streptococcal strain G148 (strain collection of the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsg. 10, Gothenburg, Sweden) was spread on Todd-Hewitt agar and incubated at 30 ° C. A smear the bacterial culture was boiled in 1% Tween-20 for 15 min and the antibody binding site was amplified by PCR using a 5 ⁇ l aliquot and the primers GA (cgaattcagagttactgaaa- aacc-3 ') and GB (aacaaggaattcaggttgtcacgg-3'). The PCR product was ligated into pGEM-T (Promega GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and XL-1 cells were transformed.
- GA cgaattcagagttactgaaa- aacc-3 '
- GB aacaaggaattcaggttgtcacgg-3'
- Bacterial clones containing the DNA for the antibody binding site were sought and the plasmid DNA was isolated.
- the restriction endonuclease EcoRI was used to cut out the DNA for the antibody binding site and to ligate it into the correspondingly prepared plO plasmid DNA.
- a clone (XL-l / p20) was sought which expresses a 20 kDa protein with an antibody binding site.
- the plasmid DNA (p20) was isolated from this clone.
- XL-1 clones that were used for DNA the 10 kDa molecular weight domain was searched and the plasmid DNA was isolated
- the DNA fragment for the 10 kDa domain was cut out with the restriction endonuclease Ncol and, after appropriate preparation, ligated into the Ncol site of the p20 plasmid. which expresses a 30 kDa protein (XL-l / p20)
- Further clones which have integrated the molecular weight domain several times and express a 40 kDa or 50 kDa protein etc. were isolated.
- the cell suspension was 19,000 x g for 3 min. centrifuged. The supernatant was carefully removed and discarded, the cell pellet was dissolved in 100 ⁇ l solubiliser (10% glycerol, 2% SDS, 5% ⁇ -mercaptomethanol, 50 mM TRIS / HC1 (pH 6.8), bromophenol blue) and in a heating block 5 Heated to 95 ° C for minutes.
- solubiliser 10% glycerol, 2% SDS, 5% ⁇ -mercaptomethanol, 50 mM TRIS / HC1 (pH 6.8), bromophenol blue
- the proteins of a second gel were electrotransferred to a nitrocellulose membrane for 2 hours at a constant current of 210 mA after the PAGE in a commercial Western blot apparatus.
- the membrane was then initially for 30 min. incubated with 10 ml of a 3% skim milk block solution. After a three-step washing step with 10 ml each of TBST buffer (50 mM TRIS / HC1, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, pH 7.5), there was a 30 min. Incubation in 10 ml of the primary antibody solution (rabbit serum 1: 3,000 in block solution). After washing again, the membrane was 30 min.
- TBST buffer 50 mM TRIS / HC1, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, pH 7.5
- the membrane was briefly rinsed with the substrate buffer (50 mM TRIS / HC1, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, pH 9.5). The membrane was developed immediately afterwards in 10 ml of substrate solution with nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT, 330 ⁇ g / ml) and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl phosphate (BCIP, 165 ⁇ g / ml). Development took place for 5 min. and was then stopped by rinsing with water (see Figure 2, right).
- NBT nitro-blue-tetrazolium
- BCIP 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl phosphate
- Electrophoresis and Western blot were carried out analogously to Example 2.
- dog serum was used for immunodetection (1: 1,000 in block solution).
- alkaline phosphatase-coupled protein A (1 mg / ml in TBS (50 mM TRIS / HC1, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) was used in this case.
- the final development was then carried out again as described in Example 2 , (see Figure 3, No. 3)
- Example 4 Electrophoresis and Western blot were carried out analogously to Example 2.
- calf serum was used for immunodetection (1: 1,000 in block solution).
- alkaline phosphatase-coupled protein A (1 mg / ml in TBS (50 mM TRIS / HC1, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) was used in this case.
- the final development was then carried out again as described in Example 2 , (see Figure 3, No. 4)
- Electrophoresis and Western blot were carried out analogously to Example 2.
- sheep serum was used for the immunodetection (1: 1,000 in block solution).
- alkaline phosphatase-coupled protein A (1 mg / ml in TBS (50 mM TRIS / HC1, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) was used in this case.
- the final development was then carried out again as described in Example 2 , (see Figure 3, No. 5)
- Electrophoresis and Western blot were carried out analogously to Example 2.
- Example 2 only secondary, enzyme-coupled antibodies were used for immunodetection (goat-anti-rabbit IgG coupled with alkaline phosphatase; 1: 1,000 in block solution). The final development then took place again as described under Example 2 (see FIG. 2, No. 6)
- Electrophoresis and Western blot were carried out analogously to Example 2.
- Example 2 only secondary, enzyme-coupled antibodies were used for the immunodetection (goat-anti-rabbit IgG coupled with horseradish peroxidase; 1: 1,000 in block solution).
- the final development The treatment was then carried out again as described in Example 2, with diaminobenzidine (0.6 mg / ml DAB in 100 mM citrate / acetate buffer pH 6.0; 0.025% H 2 O 2 ) being used as the substrate solution (see FIG. 3, no. 7)
- Electrophoresis and Western blot were carried out analogously to Example 2.
- horse serum was used for immunodetection (1: 1,000 in block solution).
- alkaline phosphatase-coupled protein A (1 mg / ml in TBS (50 mM TRIS / HC1, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) was used in this case.
- the final development was then carried out again as described in Example 2 , (see Figure 3, No. 8)
- Electrophoresis and Western blot were carried out analogously to Example 2.
- monoclonal mouse serum was used for immunodetection (1: 3,000 in 3% block solution).
- Alkaline phosphatase-coupled goat anti-rabbit IgG antiserum (1: 10,000 in 3% block solution) was used as the secondary antibody.
- the final development then took place again as described in Example 2 (not shown in an illustration).
- a 1 mm thick, 10 cm x 10 cm, 12.5% discontinuous SDS polyacrylamide gel is prepared and inserted in a running chamber.
- the protein sample and the standard protein or the mixture of the standard proteins are boiled in 35 ⁇ l of sample buffer for 5 minutes, centrifuged and filled into the running chambers. The separation takes place at a voltage of 10 V / cm, the electrophoresis apparatus being water-cooled. After electrophoresis is complete, usually 2 hours, the glass plates are removed and the gel is swirled in a Coomassie blue solution for 45 minutes. The gel is then transferred to a decolorizing solution, which weakens the background staining. Both standard proteins and sample proteins are stained in a clearly visible manner. The molecular weights can be determined by interpolation.
- a polyacrylamide gel obtained as in Example 1 is blotted on a methanol-impregnated PVDF membrane (Boehringer Mannheim) before or after staining.
- the membrane is then swirled in a blocking solution for one hour and washed three times by swirling in a washing solution for 10 minutes.
- the primary antibody is then incubated for one hour. This is followed by incubation with a secondary peroxidase-conjugated antibody. This antibody is directed against the primary antibody. If necessary, free peroxidase is added so that the binding sites of the standard protein or the standard proteins are also occupied.
- DAB diaminobenzidine
- hydrogen peroxide 0.05%
- a mini gel cassette is put together and a denaturing isoelectric focusing gel is poured.
- the polyacrylamide gel contains ampholytes with a pH range of pH 3.5 to 10.
- the gel is placed in the gel chamber and the anode chamber is precipitated with 10 mM phosphoric acid and the cathode chamber with 20 mM NaOH.
- the protein sample to be examined is taken up in a denaturing gel loading buffer, centrifuged for 5 min at 10,000 x g and 20 ⁇ l of the supernatant are placed in a sample pocket.
- the standard proteins with known pI values are plotted.
- the focusing is carried out first with 150 V for 30 min and then with 200 V for 2.5 hours, the gel being kept at 20 ° C. by cooling. After focusing, the gel can be coated with a dye such as Coomassie blue or silver can be stained and the pl of the sample can be determined by interpolating the pl values of the standard proteins.
- a dye such as Coomassie blue or silver can be stained and the pl of the sample can be determined by interpolating the pl values of the standard proteins.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne une protéine normalisée caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente au moins un site de liaison spécifique pour des enzymes, et/ou un site de liaison spécifique pour la région constante d'un anticorps et/ou un site de liaison spécifique qui comprend les fragments de régions constantes d'anticorps, le site de liaison étant fonctionnel après une séparation électrophorétique réalisée dans des conditions dénaturantes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1997129248 DE19729248C1 (de) | 1997-07-09 | 1997-07-09 | Standardprotein |
DE19729248.8 | 1997-07-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1999002566A2 true WO1999002566A2 (fr) | 1999-01-21 |
WO1999002566A3 WO1999002566A3 (fr) | 1999-04-01 |
Family
ID=7835079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP1998/004237 WO1999002566A2 (fr) | 1997-07-09 | 1998-07-08 | Proteine normalisee |
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DE (1) | DE19729248C1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999002566A2 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1054061A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-22 | Jochen Uhlenküken | Standard protéique comprenant au moins un domaine liant les anticorps de la protéine G de Streptocoque |
EP1236738A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-04 | Jungbauer, Alois, Professor Dr. | Standard interne pour des procédés de séparation électrophorétiques et chromatographiques |
WO2005114220A3 (fr) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-06-01 | Invitrogen Corp | Compositions, trousses et methodes pour etalonnage en spectrometrie de masse |
US7781173B2 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2010-08-24 | Life Technologies Corporation | Homogeneous populations of molecules |
US8012715B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 | 2011-09-06 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods for production of proteins |
DE10017526B4 (de) * | 1999-04-08 | 2013-05-29 | Jochen Uhlenküken | Standardprotein |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29900214U1 (de) * | 1999-01-09 | 1999-08-12 | Biosens Gesellschaft für Diagnostika mbH, 82041 Oberhaching | Western-Blot-Streifen mit Kontrollzonen |
IT1318400B1 (it) * | 2000-03-17 | 2003-08-25 | Dompe Spa | Markers di massa molecolare per westner blot. |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS54156385A (en) * | 1978-05-31 | 1979-12-10 | Oriental Yeast Co Ltd | Isoelectric point marker |
US4507233A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1985-03-26 | Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. | Colored molecular weight marker |
NZ215967A (en) * | 1985-05-01 | 1988-05-30 | Commw Serum Lab Commission | Composition of peptides of known weight for determining weight of unknown peptide |
EP0863210A3 (fr) * | 1991-07-25 | 1999-09-22 | Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. | Protéine articielle se liant aux immunoglobulines |
DE4237113B4 (de) * | 1992-11-03 | 2006-10-12 | "Iba Gmbh" | Peptide und deren Fusionsproteine, Expressionsvektor und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fusionsproteins |
-
1997
- 1997-07-09 DE DE1997129248 patent/DE19729248C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-08 WO PCT/EP1998/004237 patent/WO1999002566A2/fr active Application Filing
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8012715B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 | 2011-09-06 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods for production of proteins |
US8389681B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 | 2013-03-05 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods for production of proteins |
US8519099B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 | 2013-08-27 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods for production of proteins |
US9409942B2 (en) | 1997-01-08 | 2016-08-09 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods for production of proteins |
DE10017526B4 (de) * | 1999-04-08 | 2013-05-29 | Jochen Uhlenküken | Standardprotein |
EP1054061A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-22 | Jochen Uhlenküken | Standard protéique comprenant au moins un domaine liant les anticorps de la protéine G de Streptocoque |
EP1236738A1 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-04 | Jungbauer, Alois, Professor Dr. | Standard interne pour des procédés de séparation électrophorétiques et chromatographiques |
WO2002068462A3 (fr) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-12-19 | Alois Jungbauer | Etalon interne pour methodes de separation electrophoretique et chromatographique |
US7781173B2 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2010-08-24 | Life Technologies Corporation | Homogeneous populations of molecules |
US9523692B2 (en) | 2003-09-25 | 2016-12-20 | Life Technologies Corporation | Homogenous populations of molecules |
WO2005114220A3 (fr) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-06-01 | Invitrogen Corp | Compositions, trousses et methodes pour etalonnage en spectrometrie de masse |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19729248C1 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
WO1999002566A3 (fr) | 1999-04-01 |
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