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WO1999067743A1 - Procede de correction d'images et dispositif d'entree d'images - Google Patents

Procede de correction d'images et dispositif d'entree d'images Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999067743A1
WO1999067743A1 PCT/JP1999/003243 JP9903243W WO9967743A1 WO 1999067743 A1 WO1999067743 A1 WO 1999067743A1 JP 9903243 W JP9903243 W JP 9903243W WO 9967743 A1 WO9967743 A1 WO 9967743A1
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Prior art keywords
image
input device
fourier transform
image correction
section
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Application number
PCT/JP1999/003243
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yoshikazu Ichiyama
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Yoshikazu Ichiyama
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yoshikazu Ichiyama filed Critical Yoshikazu Ichiyama
Publication of WO1999067743A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999067743A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
    • H04N23/81—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of correcting an image obtained from a digital image input device such as a digital camera or a video camera which converts an image into an electric signal and records the image, and in particular, various distortions of an imaging optical system and a function of converting an image sensor.
  • the present invention relates to an image correction method and an image input device capable of individually correcting defects and the like of the above. Background art
  • an image of a subject is formed by an imaging optical system, and in a film camera, the image is recorded by converting it into an electric signal for each pixel by an image sensor in a digital camera due to a chemical change.
  • an image sensor using a CCD is used for the image sensor.
  • a color filter is required for the structure of the image sensor, and the primary colors of pixels, such as red, green, and blue, are viewed from the imaging optical system.
  • the conditions are not always the same, and severe conditions regarding the aberration are imposed on the imaging optical system.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a system that can be called a computer lens, which realizes an image faithful to an object by a digital technology even if the adjustment operation after manufacturing is not sufficient, even with a cheap and simple imaging optical system.
  • the purpose is to propose a digital image capture method and image input device that can be realized. Disclosure of the invention
  • the basic concept of the present invention is to capture the image of the graphic for calibration into a digital image input device such as a digital camera, video camera, etc., separately derive and store image correction information for a desired image for each device, and shoot the image. Each time an image is captured, or afterwards, a predetermined operation is performed based on the image correction information to correct and complete the image.
  • a digital image input device such as a digital camera, video camera, etc.
  • a system for performing image correction can be performed by a control unit and a calibration program built into a digital image input device, or by a dedicated device or a method in which a personal computer has image correction software. is there.
  • the image correction method has a calibration mode and a photographing 'correction mode.
  • the calibration mode a known calibration figure is photographed, the captured image is subjected to Fourier transform, and a desired image is obtained for the calibration figure.
  • the image correction information is formed in the spatial frequency domain except for the Fourier transform.
  • the shooting and correction mode the captured image is Fourier-transformed, multiplied by the image correction information in the spatial frequency domain, and then the corrected image is obtained by Fourier inverse transform.
  • This method requires a considerable amount of time for calculation processing, so it has the advantage of being able to compensate for high computational power and reduced power resolution that requires the use of a control unit.
  • image correction information is generated for each primary color of the image sensor, and correction is performed for each primary color, so that the chromatic aberration in the imaging optical system or the environmental problem for the image between the primary colors due to a structural problem of the image sensor.
  • a correction image that can correct the intensity of each primary color of a pixel is generated by including a pattern in a calibration image that can calibrate parameters that affect color reproducibility such as lightness and saturation of color, and generate correction information. The image after shooting can be corrected.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining the basic concept of the present invention, which shows a model of an object, an optical system, an image, and the like, and also shows a coordinate system.
  • Figure 2 shows the intensity of the corresponding image when the optical system is distorted using a point light source as the object figure. Show cloth.
  • FIG. 3 shows the procedure of the image correction method according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows a calibration figure having a point light source for each section used in the second embodiment.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of an image corresponding to a calibration figure having a point light source for each section.
  • Figure 6 shows the procedure for the calibration mode of the second embodiment.
  • Fig. 7 shows the procedure of the shooting and correction mode of the second embodiment.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of image segmentation in the shooting and correction mode.
  • Figure 9 shows a diagram for explaining the concept of the segmented window function.
  • FIG. 10 is an external view of a digital camera according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 shows a functional block diagram of a digital camera according to the third embodiment.
  • the present invention relates to a digital image input device having at least an imaging optical system and an image sensor, which converts an image of a subject into a digital electric signal and captures the image.
  • a method for compensating for The basic concept of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and then the image correction method and the image input device of the present invention will be described with reference to embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the basic concept of the present invention, and shows a model of the relationship among a subject, an imaging optical system, an image, and the like. In the figure, the object is indicated by number 11, the lens that is the imaging optical system is indicated by number 12, and the image input to the image sensor 1 is indicated by number 13.
  • the coordinates of the plane where the object is located are (X, y), the coordinates of the plane with the image are ( ⁇ ', y').
  • the amplitude distribution u ( ⁇ ', y') of the image can be approximated from the subject's amplitude distribution g (x, y) in the form of a convolution integral as shown in Eq. (1).
  • the function h (x, y) shown in Eq. (1) is a transfer function that represents the characteristics of the optical system, and includes information such as various aberrations and chromatic aberrations of the optical system.
  • the transfer function of this optical system can be easily obtained by placing a point light source represented by ⁇ (X) ⁇ (y) as the subject, since h (X, y) becomes equal to the amplitude distribution of the image.
  • ⁇ (X) and ⁇ (y) indicate delta functions.
  • the meaning of this transfer function will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 (a) shows a subject, and in this case, an example using a point light source is shown at number 21.
  • the torsional width distribution is an amplitude distribution without spread as shown in No. 24 when viewed along the line of No. 22 and No. 25 when viewed along the line of No. 23.
  • the image formed on the image sensor via the imaging optical system has a spread and a bias as shown by 31 and 32 in Fig. 2 (b).
  • No. 32 is a contour plot showing the torsion width distribution of the image in a visual manner.
  • the amplitude distribution of the image along the line of No. 33 is No. 35
  • the amplitude distribution along the line 34 spreads out from the original amplitude distribution of the point light source, and becomes blurred or biased.
  • the object is a point light source
  • the distributions indicated by numbers 31 and 32 indicate the transfer functions including various imperfections such as distortion and chromatic aberration of the actual optical system.
  • u * ( ⁇ ', y,, t) is a function of the conjugate of u ( ⁇ ', y ', t), and> indicates the time average.
  • Eq. (4) is expressed by the convolution integral as shown in Eq. (5), and the Fourier transform form is Eq. (6).
  • J (x, y) indicates the intensity distribution of the calibration figure and is given by Eq. (7).
  • Equation (9) the transfer function of the desired optical system is h.
  • the Fourier transform form of the image intensity distribution I 0 (x ′, y ′) in that case is given by Eq. (8).
  • Equation (9) the Fourier transform form of the image for which it is desirable to eliminate the intensity distribution of the unknown object figure is expressed by Equation (9).
  • Equation (10) 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ )] Therefore, if the function shown on the right side of Equation (10) is used as image correction information and stored and stored for each image input device, it is possible to correct the image after photographing to a desired image by the optical system.
  • the Fourier transform form of the image during normal shooting corresponds to F [I ( ⁇ ', y')]. Therefore, after multiplying the image correction information according to Eq. (9), the desired result is obtained by inverse Fourier transform. To obtain an image equivalent to using an optical system. However, the equation for the inverse Fourier transform is shown in (11).
  • the Fourier transform and inverse transform in each of the above equations are exclusively performed by the FFT algorithm. (9), (10) The product or division in the spatial frequency domain in the equation is performed by matrix operation, and since it is well known, detailed description of this point is omitted.
  • the concept of the correction was explained, but the procedure of the image correction method is shown as a first embodiment in Fig. 3.
  • the first embodiment has a calibration mode and a shooting and correction mode, each of which is implemented in the following procedure. Is done.
  • the conditions for shooting such as the distance and aperture, are set in step (1), and the image of the calibration figure is captured in step (2) and used as the first image.
  • step (3) a desired image corresponding to the graphic for calibration is read out and set as a second image.
  • step (4) One of the primary colors of the di-sensor is selected and the image is processed between the components of this primary color.
  • step (5) the Fourier transform of the second image is divided by the Fourier transform of the first image to obtain image correction information.
  • the selection of primary colors is changed, and step (5) is repeated to obtain image correction information for each primary color.
  • the aperture is changed, and steps (1) and (6) are repeated to obtain image correction information corresponding to a plurality of aperture values.
  • step (8) the image captured in step (8) is fetched, and in step (9), the primary color of the image sensor is selected, and thereafter, the image of this primary color component is processed.
  • step (10) image correction information corresponding to the aperture at the time of photographing the image to be corrected is read. When there is no image correction information of a condition that matches the aperture, the image correction information is obtained by interpolating from the preceding and following image correction information.
  • step (11) the Fourier transform form of the image in step (8) is multiplied by image correction information, and in step (12), inverse Fourier transform is performed to obtain a corrected image for one primary color.
  • step (13) the primary colors are changed, and steps (10)-(12) are repeated to obtain a corrected image for each primary color to complete the image correction.
  • Image correction information is obtained for each primary color of the image sensor, and correction is performed for each primary color component because the optical system does not always have the same conditions between the primary colors. Naturally, care must be taken into account in the design, but there are quite a few adjustment steps, and if image correction is assumed as in the first embodiment, the cost increase factors can be reduced considerably. . In addition, if there is another zoom lens as an element that changes the state of image distortion, it must also be considered. In the procedure of the first embodiment, image correction information should be obtained for each of the magnifications by the zoom lens as well as the aperture.
  • a point light source approximated by the delta function would be an image represented by the delta function, and in that sense, the ideal transfer function would be the delta function.
  • the Fourier transform form of the delta function is a constant
  • the real image for the point light source is Fourier transformed and the ideal image correction information is the reciprocal thereof.
  • overcorrection may actually occur and another distortion may occur. That is, the mathematical Fourier transform domain is infinite
  • the aperture of the optical system is finite, and the distance between pixels of the image sensor for taking in digital images is also finite.
  • the target design transfer function in the process of image correction is set in consideration of the quality of the imaging optical system used, the resolution of the image sensor, and the like.
  • the point of using the calibration system is to accurately match the conditions such as the position and the size of the figure between the captured image and the image that should be a desirable optical system at the time of calibration.
  • a point figure was used in the calibration figure described above. In addition to the central point figure, a similar point figure was also placed at a distant position, and in the real space area before image correction information was calculated in the spatial frequency domain.
  • the aperture of the imaging optical system has a sufficiently small aperture and the light passing through the imaging optical system is only near the central axis, it is considered correct in a considerable range if the aperture is large.
  • the image has large distortion.
  • a plurality of point light sources 43 are dispersed throughout as shown in Fig. 4, the image can be exaggerated and expressed in different forms as indicated by numbers 53, 54, 55 in Fig. 5.
  • the transfer function will be different at each magnification.
  • the image correction method shown in the second embodiment provides a practical solution in such practical application, and will be described below with reference to FIGS. Fig. 4 shows a calibration graphic 41 used in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 shows an image 51 in which the graphic 41 for calibration is captured, and is assumed to be divided into a plurality of sections indicated by reference numeral 52.
  • the image of the point light source 43 exists in those sections, but the shape differs between the center and the periphery as shown by numbers 53, 54, and 55 depending on the location of the section.
  • the concept of the image correction method described in the second embodiment is based on this situation, and the screen is divided into a plurality of sections, image correction information in the frequency domain is obtained for each section, and the image is corrected for each section. , Images are combined and completed.
  • FIG. 5 shows an image 51 in which the graphic 41 for calibration is captured, and is assumed to be divided into a plurality of sections indicated by reference numeral 52.
  • the image of the point light source 43 exists in those sections, but the shape differs between the center and the periphery as shown by numbers 53, 54, and 55 depending on the location of the section.
  • the concept of the image correction method described in the second embodiment is based on this situation
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the procedure of the calibration mode in the image correction method in the second embodiment
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the procedure of the imaging / correction mode in FIG.
  • the screen is divided into multiple sections in step (1).
  • step (2) the photographing conditions such as the distance from the calibration figure and the aperture are set.
  • step (3) as shown in Fig. 4, an image of a calibration figure in which point light sources are arranged for each section is captured.
  • step (4) the primary color of the image sensor is selected, and the image of this primary color component is processed thereafter.
  • step (5) a Fourier transform of the image of the point light source is performed for each section.
  • a Fourier transform of a correct image that should have a point light source is performed.
  • step (7) the Fourier transform form of the image obtained in step (6) is divided by the Fourier transform form obtained in step (5) to obtain divided image correction information in the frequency domain.
  • step (8) select another primary color and repeat steps (5)-(7).
  • step (9) the aperture is changed, and steps (3)-(8) are repeated to obtain the segmented image correction information in the frequency domain for multiple apertures.
  • FIG. 7 shows the procedure in the photographing'correction mode. Take an image in step (10). In step (11), the primary colors of the image sensor are selected, and processing is performed between images of the components of these primary colors.
  • step (12) Select the section in the screen in step (12).
  • step (13) the image in the section is multiplied by the window function to perform Fourier transform.
  • step (14) the divided image information in the frequency range suitable for the aperture at the time of shooting is read. If there is no section image correction information suitable for the aperture at the time of shooting Interpolate or extrapolate from the preceding and following sectioned image correction information.
  • step (15) the Fourier transform obtained in step (13) is multiplied by the segmented image correction information in the frequency domain read in step (14), and a corrected image for each segment is obtained by inverse Fourier transform.
  • step (16) a new section is set so that adjacent parts overlap, and steps (13) to (15) are repeated to scan the entire area of the screen to complete the corrected image.
  • step (17) the selection of the primary color is changed, and steps (12) to (16) are repeated.
  • the sections and calculations in steps (12) and (13) and the corrected image for each section obtained in step (15) will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the number 81 indicates the section corresponding to the section 52 in FIG. 5, but the section shown in step (12) in FIG. 7 indicates the larger sections 82, 83, 84, etc.
  • the window function to be multiplied in step (13) is a weight function such that it becomes zero at the boundary of the section and 1.0 at the center. This is the curve with the number 91 shown in Fig. 9 in comparison with the section 82, which is a two-dimensionally distributed surface of (x, y), but Fig. 9 shows a cross section.
  • step (16) the adjacent sections overlap so that the corrected image is connected. For example, the section is selected and moved, such as section 83 next to section 82, or section 84 above and below, and the entire screen is sequentially moved. Scan.
  • One of the important objectives of the present invention is to use a low-cost but inexpensive imaging optical system and improve the image quality to the level of high-end products by digital processing.
  • the second embodiment is based on the assumption that the transfer function of the imaging optical system continuously changes while allowing the transfer function to change depending on the location.
  • the image correction information obtained in step (1) is obtained, and the images are corrected in a piecewise manner and combined.
  • the calculation of the Fourier transform and the inverse transform are performed on the entire screen. Only However, in the second embodiment, the entire screen is divided into multiple sections, and the Fourier transform and inverse transform are performed for each section. According to recent trends, image sensors with more than 100,000 pixels are becoming more common.
  • the Fourier transform and the inverse transform are indispensable on the premise of correction in the frequency domain.
  • the formulas in the above description are expressed as continuous quantities, the pixels on the image sensor exist discretely, and are converted to a discrete calculation form in accordance with this pixel distribution. Since they are well known, they have not been described especially with reference to discrete expressions.
  • the Fourier transform is performed at high speed using a discrete model, so the Fourier transform and the inverse Fourier transform are performed using the FFT.
  • This image correction method is a method of correcting an image by a digital image input device based on image correction information unique to the digital image input device to obtain a correct image. It can be collected and generated, and the necessary programs can be installed in a personal computer, or it can be made by dedicated equipment. Of course, it can also be installed in individual devices such as digital cameras.
  • FIG. 10 shows the appearance of a digital camera 100 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • number 101 is the lens which is the imaging optical system
  • number 102 is the viewfinder and the liquid crystal display for displaying the image after shooting
  • number 103 is the shutter button
  • Number one Reference numeral 04 denotes a mode selector for switching various functions
  • reference numeral 105 denotes a power switch
  • reference numeral 106 denotes a connector for connection to an external device.
  • FIG. 11 is a functional block diagram of a digital camera 100 according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the image of the subject is formed on the image sensor 111 by the lens 101 which is an image forming optical system, and is activated by pressing the shutter button 103, and the control unit 112 is controlled by the image sensor 111.
  • the numbers 1 13 indicate the control memory in the control unit 112, and the numbers 115 indicate the batteries.
  • the mode can be switched between the normal shooting mode and the calibration mode by the instruction of the mode selector 104.
  • the calibration mode a predetermined calibration figure 1 16 is used as the subject, and the distance or brightness between the calibration figure 1 16 and the lens 101, as well as various conditions such as aperture and shutter speed, are determined.
  • the control unit 112 loads the image of the calibration figure 111 into the memory 114.
  • control unit 112 divides the screen according to a predetermined division method, performs a Fourier transform for each section, and stores a part of the control memory 113 from the design-required optical system. Based on the Fourier transform type of the image, the divided image correction information is calculated and stored in the control memory 113.
  • These processes and operations are executed by the control unit 112 instructed by a program following the procedure shown in the second embodiment. This processing program is stored in the control memory 113.
  • This processing program is stored in the control memory 113.
  • the image captured by the lens 101 and the image sensor 102 is recorded in the memory 114, and the image correction information stored in the control memory 113 is stored in the memory 114.
  • control unit 112 executes the image correction in accordance with the instruction of the program stored in the control memory 111, and stores the image in the memory 114.
  • the control unit 112 executes the image correction in accordance with the instruction of the program stored in the control memory 111, and stores the image in the memory 114.
  • the image is stored together with the shooting conditions without performing image correction immediately after normal shooting. It would be more realistic to store the data in 14 and perform the image correction separately according to the instruction from the mode selector 104.
  • the calibration mode only the image of the calibration figure is captured, and in the shooting mode, only the shooting conditions and the image are captured. It is also possible to collectively collect images later using a computer or dedicated machine.
  • correction patterns for the color reproducibility in the calibration pattern used in the calibration mode and deriving correction information for each pixel, it is possible to resolve sensitivity differences depending on the location of the image sensor. is there.
  • a pattern with different parameters related to color reproducibility, lightness, saturation, etc. is appropriately placed on the screen and the image is captured into the digital camera. Since the color attributes in each pattern in the image are known in advance, how to read from the obtained image is used as image correction information. In this way, the image correction information is determined, and when the image is corrected, the output is read for each pixel in accordance with the image correction information and the correction is performed.
  • the color conversion function of the image sensor is corrected, including the chromatic aberration in the imaging optical system, so that the fidelity of color can be improved.
  • the image correction method is described in the first and second embodiments, and the image correction method is programmed and stored in the digital image input device in the third embodiment. The example of executing the calibration and the image correction has been described.
  • the present invention as described in the embodiment with a digital camera, in a digital image input device, an image capable of correcting imperfections of an image forming optical system or an image signal conversion system of each device. It has been described that the correction information is stored, and the correct or higher quality image is obtained by using the image correction information every time the image is obtained or collectively afterwards, and can be easily realized by the present invention. . As described above, the present invention has shown that a digital image having a practical level of quality can be obtained by digital technology even if an inexpensive and low-quality imaging optical system or image sensor is used.
  • the present invention can provide a method of realizing low cost as a system including not only completed devices but also manufacturing processes. In other words, if any adjustment is required between the chromatic aberration or the primary colors of the image sensor in the manufacturing process, the calibration figure is read and then left to the calibration system in the device to omit the adjustment in the manufacturing process. It is possible to do so and there are ways to reduce costs.
  • calibration is performed after the production of digital image input devices such as digital cameras and video cameras, and the quality performance is demonstrated with the help of digital processing technology. Should be recognized.
  • the present invention is also effective in this respect, and a calibration program can be built in the apparatus, or re-calibration can be performed by a specialty store or a manufacturer having a calibration control apparatus to maintain design performance. . This is also one of the important objects of the present invention.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de correction d'images et un dispositif d'entrée d'images numériques, tel qu'un appareil photo numérique ou une caméra vidéo, permettant de corriger, pour chacun des dispositifs et au moyens de techniques numériques, plusieurs aberrations d'un système optique de formation d'images ainsi que des erreurs dans la fonction de conversion des couleurs d'un capteur d'images. On obtient également une qualité d'image quasi suffisante grâce à un système optique de formation d'images simple et bon marché. Une image représentant un chiffre d'épreuve prédéterminé est prise. Des informations de correction d'image destinées à convertir l'image en une image attendue sont dérivées pour chacun des dispositifs d'entrée d'images numériques et stockées dans un dispositif ou dans un système. Après réalisation d'une image normale, l'image est convertie en une image correcte par utilisation des informations de correction d'images. Le procédé de correction d'images consiste à traiter par une transformée de Fourier l'image prise en utilisant les informations de correction d'images pour corriger la fonction de transfert d'un système optique en une fonction de transfert de dessins, dans une zone de fréquence spatiale ; à corriger l'image transformée dans une zone de fréquence spatiale ; et à former une image corrigée par transformée de Fourier inverse.
PCT/JP1999/003243 1998-06-22 1999-06-17 Procede de correction d'images et dispositif d'entree d'images WO1999067743A1 (fr)

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WO2005069216A1 (fr) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-28 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procede de mesure pour obtenir une fonction de transfert optique, procede de restauration d'image, et dispositif d'imagerie numerique
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JP2009124569A (ja) * 2007-11-16 2009-06-04 Fujinon Corp 撮像システム、並びにこの撮像システムを備えた撮像装置、携帯端末機器、車載機器、および医療機器
JP2009139697A (ja) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-25 Fujinon Corp 撮像システム、この撮像システムを備えた撮像装置、携帯端末機器、車載機器、および医療機器、並びに撮像システムの製造方法
JP2009141742A (ja) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-25 Fujinon Corp 撮像システム、並びにこの撮像システムを備えた撮像装置、携帯端末機器、車載機器、および医療機器
JP2009139698A (ja) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-25 Fujinon Corp 撮像システム、並びにこの撮像システムを備えた撮像装置、携帯端末機器、車載機器、および医療機器
JP2009159603A (ja) * 2007-12-07 2009-07-16 Fujinon Corp 撮像システム、この撮像システムを備えた撮像装置、携帯端末機器、車載機器、および医療機器、並びに撮像システムの製造方法
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JP2012090310A (ja) * 2011-12-09 2012-05-10 Canon Inc 画像処理方法、画像処理装置、撮像装置、及びプログラム

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