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WO1999066804A1 - Utilisation d'huiles presentant un taux eleve d'acide laurique comme aliment pour animaux - Google Patents

Utilisation d'huiles presentant un taux eleve d'acide laurique comme aliment pour animaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999066804A1
WO1999066804A1 PCT/US1999/013894 US9913894W WO9966804A1 WO 1999066804 A1 WO1999066804 A1 WO 1999066804A1 US 9913894 W US9913894 W US 9913894W WO 9966804 A1 WO9966804 A1 WO 9966804A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
animal feed
lauric acid
antibiotics
oil
antibiotic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/013894
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Beverly B. Teter
Original Assignee
University Of Maryland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University Of Maryland filed Critical University Of Maryland
Priority to EP99930456A priority Critical patent/EP1089635A4/fr
Priority to AU46993/99A priority patent/AU781957B2/en
Priority to JP2000555502A priority patent/JP2002518031A/ja
Priority to NZ509312A priority patent/NZ509312A/en
Priority to CA002335550A priority patent/CA2335550A1/fr
Publication of WO1999066804A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999066804A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of livestock production.
  • About one quarter of antibiotics dispensed in the United States are administered in sub-therapeutic doses to promote weight gain in apparently healthy livestock.
  • the use of antibiotics at sub-therapeutic levels in livestock has been implicated in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, including human pathogenic bacteria and foodborne bacteria. J. Raloff, 1998, Science News 154:39; J. Raloff, 1999, Science News 155:356. Additionally, antibiotic residues in meat products is also of concern. Therefore, effective methods and compositions for reducing the use of antibiotics in the agricultural sector are needed.
  • compositions for reducing or eliminating the use of antibiotics to promote the growth of animals have been discovered.
  • the methods and compositions relate to the use of an anti-microbial fatty acid component as part of the animal feed, either combined with the feed or administered separately as a feed supplement.
  • the methods and compositions of the invention allow for the elimination or reduction of the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animals.
  • This reduction or elimination is important for several reasons, including but not limited to the following: (1) use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animals is known to contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms, particularly foodborne microorganisms; (2) use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animals results in antibiotic residue in animal tissue used for human food; and (3) use of antibiotics as growth promoters contributes to the introduction into the ecosystem of mutant, antibiotic resistant forms of common organisms, through the exposure of microorganisms to antibiotics in the animal and to antibiotics excreted in fecal matter. Therefore, in allowing for the elimination or reduction in the use of antibiotics in livestock management and in the management of other production animals, the methods and compositions of the invention address a pressing problem in the agricultural sector.
  • One aspect of invention is a method for reducing the antibiotic content of animal feed comprising feeding the animals an anti-microbial fatty acid component as part of the animal feed, either combined with the feed or administered separately as a feed supplement.
  • Animal feed includes all solid or semi-solid feeds, as well as liquid feed such as milk-replacers.
  • the anti-microbial fatty acid component may comprise at least one fatty acid or glyceryl ester of a fatty acid, or a derivative thereof, which has an anti-microbial activity and which is suitable for use as animal feed.
  • the anti-microbial fatty acid component may also comprise at least one precursor to a fatty acid or glyceryl ester of a fatty acid, or derivative thereof, having anti-microbial activity, provided the precursor is suitable for use as animal feed and is convertible to a form that is active as an anti-microbial by the animal's digestive process.
  • Preferred anti-microbial fatty acid components are those described in Kabara et al. (U.S. Pat. No.
  • preferred anti-microbial fatty acid components are lauric acid, monolaurin, other medium chain length fatty acids (C6 to C14) and glyceryl monoesters thereof, and palmitoleic (C 16 : 1 ) and oleic acid (C 18 : 1 ), and glyceryl monoesters thereof.
  • Preferred precursor forms of fatty acids or glyceryl monoesters of fatty acids are diglycerides and triglycerides having lauroyl substituents.
  • Anti-microbial refers to a compound or composition having measurable activity against any of bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, etc., or combinations thereof. Assays for describing such activity of fatty acid components are well known in the art and are described for example in Fletcher et al., 1985, Effect of monoglycerides on Mycoplasma pneumonia growth, in The Pharmacological Effects ofLipids II (J.J. Kabara ed., The American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, Illinois); Schemmel and Kabara, 1985, Fatty Acids, Monoglycerides and Sucrose Esters as Anticaries Agents Review, in The Pharmacological Effects of
  • Lipids II (J.J. Kabara ed., The American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, Illinois); Kabara, 1985, Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus in a model sausage system by monoglycerides, in The Pharmacological Effects ofLipids II (J.J. Kabara ed., The American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, Illinois); Sands et al., 1978, Antiviral effects of fatty acids and derivatives; lipid-containing bacteriophages as a model system, in The Pharmacological Effects ofLipids I (J.J. Kabara ed., The American
  • a preferred anti-microbial fatty acid component contains lauric acid or monolaurin or contains precursors for lauric acid or monolaurin.
  • a particulary preferred anti-microbial fatty acid component comprises natural oils wherein a high percentage of fatty acid substituents on the triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides are lauroyl substituents (referred to herein as "high lauric acid oils").
  • High lauric acid oils preferably comprise at least about 20% lauric acid as acylated fatty acids in the triglyceride, more preferably at least about 40%, and most preferably at least about 50%.
  • natural oils include, but are not limited to coconut oil, rapeseed oil, palm kernel oil, murumuru tallow, and tucum oil.
  • natural oils means any oil derived from plant or animal material including, but not limited to, oils that are derived from plants that have been genetically modified either through traditional breeding or through genetic engineering techniques.
  • canola oil, rapeseed oil or soybean oil derived from plants that have been genetically modified to have a high lauric acid content may be employed.
  • Such an oil is available, for example, under the tradename Laurical® from Calgene Inc., Davis, California. When high lauric acid oils are ingested by an animal, the digestive enzymes release lauric acid and monolaurin.
  • lauric acid and monolaurin are then either absorbed through the intestinal wall into the blood stream or remain in the digestive tract. Therefore, the lauric acid or monolaurin can exert an anti-microbial effect systemically within the animal or within the digestive tract.
  • high lauric acid oil will be employed as part of the feed or as a feed supplement such that lauric acid will preferably comprise about 0.5% to about 10% of the animal feed, more preferably about 2% to about 7%, and most preferably about 3% to about 5% of the feed.
  • the feed will typically comprise about 1% to about 20% high lauric acid oil, preferably about 4% to about 14%, and more preferably about 6% to about 10%.
  • Animals as used herein, includes, but is not limited to, farm livestock, pets, and any animals produced for human consumption. Preferred animals include poultry
  • animals are production animals.
  • Production animals are animals which produce food for human consumption.
  • Animals as used herein, also refers to ruminant animals.
  • ruminant animals it is desirable that the fatty acid component be rumen protected, so as not to exert deleterious effects on the bacteria in the rumen. Methods of rumen protection are described, for example, in Vinci et al. (U.S. Patent No. 5,182,126), Cummings et al. (U.S. Patent No.
  • a high lauric acid oil is added to the feed of poultry, particularly, either as feed or as a feed supplement, to promote the health of the chickens or to prevent bacterial contamination of poultry products, including contamination by Salmonella typhimurium.
  • Poultry products include any part of the bird that is used for human consumption, as well as egg products.
  • Preferred poultry includes chickens and turkeys.
  • lauric acid oil will be included in the diet of the chickens such that lauric acid will preferably comprise about 0.5 % to about 10 % of the diet, more preferably about 2 % to about 7 %, and most preferably about 3 % to about 5 %.
  • Feed efficiency refers to the following ratio: weight gain of the animal/weight of food ingested.
  • preferably at least 85%, and more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%, of the optimal feed efficiency achievable with any particular diet and antibiotic supplement (optimal antibiotic supplement) can be achieved with less than 50% the optimal antibiotic supplement by the supplementation of the diet with lauric acid.
  • preferably at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%, of the maximal feed efficiency achievable with any particular diet and the maximum antibiotic supplement allowable under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Section 558 (allowable antibiotic supplement), can be achieved with less than 50% the allowable antibiotic supplement by the supplementation of the diet with lauric acid. It is of course recognized that the allowable antibiotic supplement for increasing feed efficiency will depend on the type of animal and the use of the animal. For example, 21 CFR ⁇ 558 may specify a different allowable antibiotic supplement for broiling chickens and laying chickens. Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Section 558, entitled "New Animal
  • the lauric acid supplement to the diet may replace other fats in the diet.
  • a high feed efficiency e.g. > 85% is preferably achieved with less than about 50% of the optimal antibiotic supplement, more preferably with less than about
  • a high feed efficiency (e.g. ⁇ 85%) is preferably achieved with less than about 50% of the allowable antibiotic supplement, more preferably with less than about 40% of the allowable antibiotic supplement, and most preferably less than about 30% of the allowable antibiotic supplement.
  • high feed efficiency is preferably achieved with less than about 50% of the usual antibiotic supplement for a particular application, more preferably with less than about 40%, and most preferably with less than about 30%.
  • the usual antibiotic supplement for a particular application can be readily determined by one of skill in the art. According to the invention, methods and compositions for achieving control of Salmonella typhimurium in poultry with reduced amounts of antibiotics are described. Control of Salmonella typhimurium, as used herein, is determined by assaying for the presence of Salmonella typhimurium in the chickens, using techniques that are well know in the art.
  • assays can be conducted, for example, on fecal droppings from the animals or through the culture of intestinal bacteria or bacteria present in the oviduct in the animals. Assays of oviduct bacteria would be important for determining the effects of methods and compositions of the invention for reducing the risk of contamination of the interior of eggs with Salmonella typhimurium.
  • at least 85%, preferably at least 90%, and more preferably at least 95%, of the optimal Salmonella typhimurium control achievable with any particular diet and antibiotic supplement (optimal antibiotic supplement for control of Salmonella typhimurium), can be achieved with less than 50% the optimal antibiotic supplement for control of Salmonella typhimurium by the supplementation of the diet with lauric acid.
  • At least 85%, preferably at least 90%, and more preferably at least 95%, of the maximum Salmonella typhimurium control achievable with any particular diet and the maximum antibiotic supplement allowable under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Section 558 (allowable antibiotic supplement for control of Salmonella typhimurium) can be achieved with less than 50% the allowable antibiotic supplement for control of Salmonella typhimurium by the supplementation of the diet with lauric acid. It is of course recognized that the allowable antibiotic supplement for controlling Salmonella typhimurium will depend on the type of animal and the use of the animal. For example, 21 CFR ⁇ 558 may specify a different allowable antibiotic supplement for broiling chickens and laying chickens.
  • Control of Salmonella typhimurium is preferably achieved with less than about 50% of the optimal antibiotic supplement for control of Salmonella typhimurium, more preferably with less than about 40%, and most preferably less than about 30%. Additionally, control of Salmonella typhimurium (e.g. > 85%) is preferably achieved with less than about 50% of the allowable antibiotic supplement for control of Salmonella typhimurium, more preferably with less than about 40%, and most preferably less than about 30%.
  • control of Salmonella typhimurium is preferably achieved with less than about 50% of the usual antibiotic supplement for a particular application, more preferably with less than about 40%, and most preferably with less than about 30%.
  • the usual antibiotic supplement for a particular application can be readily determined by one of skill in the art.
  • animal feed compositions comprising a lauric acid component and a minimal or reduced antibiotic level as described above.
  • Example 1 Determination of optimal type and amount of a fatty acid component.
  • the optimal type and amount of fatty acid component for the diet can be determined using knowledge and skills that are well known in the art.
  • the optimal protocol for reducing or eliminating antibiotics in chicken feed through the use of coconut oil as a feed supplement would be determined as follows, for a particular breed of chicken. Three groups of chickens are evaluated. All groups are fed normal or experimental starter diets, which are switched to the experimental or normal growth and finishing diets at the proper ages. The starter diets are fed to the chickens for days 0-15 after hatching and consist of about 26% crude protein and 6% fat. The growth diet (days 15-32) is adjusted to decrease the protein content to about 20% and to increase the fat content to about 7%. A finishing/withdrawal diet is fed to the chicks for days 33-42 and this diet consists of the growth diet with, with exception that antibiotics are eliminated from the diet for those groups receiving antibiotics.
  • a Ross x Ross Hiyield strain of chicken (broiler chickens) are used for the study.
  • the birds are housed with litter for the first 15 to 18 days and then transferred to pens.
  • the experiment involves six birds per group, three assortment groups (one control group and two treatment groups), and eight replicates, for a total of 144 birds. At the end of the starter period (day 15), two birds from each group will be sacrificed for assay purposes.
  • the first group is fed the normal diet, including the antibiotic supplements which are ordinarily a part of the normal diet.
  • the second group is fed the normal diet, with no antibiotics, and with some of the fat in the diet replaced with coconut oil, so that lauric acid would comprise about 3% by weight of the diet.
  • the coconut oil can be applied to the feed pellets after extrusion in amounts appropriate for the diet formulation. Since coconut oil contains about 50% lauric acid, addition of coconut oil to the diet to comprise about 6% would yield a diet with 3% lauric acid. For Ross x Ross Hiyield chickens, the diet would provide about 3.6 g/day of lauric acid.
  • the third group would receive the lauric acid supplemented diet and one half of the usual amount of antibiotics.
  • typical antibiotics employed for growth promotion in chickens include the following: narasin/nicarbazin (tradename Maxiban/BMD), there is a five day withdrawal period before the birds can be killed for food; chlortetracycline with salinomycin, typically employed in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1 lb/ton of feed, there is one day withdrawal period before the birds can be killed for food; monensin (tradename Coban), typically employed at a rate of 0.1 lb/ton of feed; and Zn Bacitracin, typically employed in an amount of 0.4 lb/ton, there is a five day withdrawal period before the birds can be killed for food.
  • narasin/nicarbazin tradename Maxiban/BMD
  • chlortetracycline with salinomycin typically employed in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1 lb/ton of feed
  • monensin typically employed at a rate of 0.1 lb/ton of feed
  • Zn Bacitracin typically employed in an amount of 0.4
  • the growth parameters of the chicks are monitored twice a week. Monitoring includes measurements of body weight, length, general health, and leg and foot development, etc.
  • the chickens sacrificed at day 15 and the market weight chickens are assayed as follows: the intestinal contents are cultured for Salmonella, E. coli, and other coliform bacteria; fecal cultures are taken; bone mineralization is determined; intestinal brush border enzymes are analyzed; samples of the jejunum are analyzed by electron microscope examination; and intestinal lymphocyte function is analyzed.
  • the optimal combination of the fatty acid component with a particular antibiotic, or combination of antibiotics may also be determined.
  • the fatty acid component is combined with 0%, 20%, 30%, 40,% and 50% of the usual antibiotic supplement and the chickens are evaluated as described above to determine the minimal level of antibiotic which, in combination with the fatty acid component, yields optimal growth of the chickens.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions et des procédés liés à la réduction de l'utilisation d'antibiotiques sur des animaux d'élevage en utilisant un composant d'acide gras antimicrobien dans un aliment ou comme complément alimentaire.
PCT/US1999/013894 1998-06-23 1999-06-22 Utilisation d'huiles presentant un taux eleve d'acide laurique comme aliment pour animaux WO1999066804A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99930456A EP1089635A4 (fr) 1998-06-23 1999-06-22 Utilisation d'huiles presentant un taux eleve d'acide laurique comme aliment pour animaux
AU46993/99A AU781957B2 (en) 1998-06-23 1999-06-22 Use of oils having a high lauric acid content as an animal feed
JP2000555502A JP2002518031A (ja) 1998-06-23 1999-06-22 動物飼料としての高いラウリン酸含有量を有する油の使用
NZ509312A NZ509312A (en) 1998-06-23 1999-06-22 Use of oils having a high lauric acid content as an animal feed
CA002335550A CA2335550A1 (fr) 1998-06-23 1999-06-22 Utilisation d'huiles presentant un taux eleve d'acide laurique comme aliment pour animaux

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9030398P 1998-06-23 1998-06-23
US60/090,303 1998-06-23

Publications (1)

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WO1999066804A1 true WO1999066804A1 (fr) 1999-12-29

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PCT/US1999/013894 WO1999066804A1 (fr) 1998-06-23 1999-06-22 Utilisation d'huiles presentant un taux eleve d'acide laurique comme aliment pour animaux

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EP (1) EP1089635A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002518031A (fr)
AU (1) AU781957B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2335550A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ509312A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999066804A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002007531A1 (fr) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-31 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Lipides alimentaires pour l'amelioration de la peau et du pelage des animaux familier
FR2915061A1 (fr) * 2007-04-23 2008-10-24 Vetinnov Sarl Sarl Produit appetent a activite chondroprotectrice et anti inflammatoire
WO2012021306A1 (fr) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Eli Lilly And Company Distillat d'acide laurique pour l'alimentation animale
US8168611B1 (en) 2011-09-29 2012-05-01 Chemo S.A. France Compositions, kits and methods for nutrition supplementation
US8183227B1 (en) 2011-07-07 2012-05-22 Chemo S. A. France Compositions, kits and methods for nutrition supplementation
CN107205440A (zh) * 2014-11-19 2017-09-26 堪萨斯州立大学研究基金会 动物饲料和饲料成分中的化学缓和剂
EP3229605A4 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2018-07-11 Perstorp AB Composition inhibant les pathogènes à gram-négatif chez le galloanserans
US10624365B2 (en) * 2013-10-09 2020-04-21 Nutrition Sciences N.V. Composition of medium-chain fatty acids and feed supplemented with composition
KR102368481B1 (ko) * 2020-09-10 2022-02-28 주식회사 피드업 식물성 오일 및 대두박의 발효물을 포함하는 사료 조성물 및 이의 제조방법
WO2022260568A1 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 Perstorp Ab Composition d'ester de glycérol mixte

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JP2007236295A (ja) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-20 Natl Fedelation Of Agricult Coop Assoc 第一胃発酵調整機能を有する反芻動物用飼料とその飼育方法
JP2008054537A (ja) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-13 Kyodo Shiryo Kk 家畜家禽用飼料および畜産物の生産方法
JP6557686B2 (ja) * 2015-02-13 2019-08-07 油化産業株式会社 動物腸内有用菌増加剤及びこれを用いた家畜腸内環境改善方法
KR102149081B1 (ko) * 2017-05-16 2020-08-28 윤관식 동물용 사료 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 동물용 사료 조성물 및 동물 사육 방법
WO2019055695A1 (fr) 2017-09-13 2019-03-21 Rrip, Llc Compositions et procédés pour renforcer l'activité antimicrobienne et immunitaire
KR102292714B1 (ko) * 2019-08-05 2021-08-23 대한민국 아메리카왕거저리의 인공 사료 조성물
CN110547359B (zh) * 2019-08-29 2022-07-26 清远海贝生物技术有限公司 一种虾用抗肠道弧菌保健料

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2001266082B2 (en) * 2000-07-14 2006-03-16 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Dietary lipids for improving skin and coat of pets
US7479286B2 (en) 2000-07-14 2009-01-20 Nestec S.A. Dietary lipids for improving skin and coat of pets
US7625583B2 (en) 2000-07-14 2009-12-01 Nestec S.A. Dietary lipids for improving skin and coat of pets
WO2002007531A1 (fr) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-31 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Lipides alimentaires pour l'amelioration de la peau et du pelage des animaux familier
FR2915061A1 (fr) * 2007-04-23 2008-10-24 Vetinnov Sarl Sarl Produit appetent a activite chondroprotectrice et anti inflammatoire
WO2012021306A1 (fr) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Eli Lilly And Company Distillat d'acide laurique pour l'alimentation animale
CN103052325A (zh) * 2010-08-10 2013-04-17 伊莱利利公司 用于动物饲料的月桂酸蒸馏物
US8183227B1 (en) 2011-07-07 2012-05-22 Chemo S. A. France Compositions, kits and methods for nutrition supplementation
US8168611B1 (en) 2011-09-29 2012-05-01 Chemo S.A. France Compositions, kits and methods for nutrition supplementation
US8545896B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2013-10-01 Chemo S. A. France Compositions, kits and methods for nutrition supplementation
US10624365B2 (en) * 2013-10-09 2020-04-21 Nutrition Sciences N.V. Composition of medium-chain fatty acids and feed supplemented with composition
CN107205440A (zh) * 2014-11-19 2017-09-26 堪萨斯州立大学研究基金会 动物饲料和饲料成分中的化学缓和剂
EP3220744A4 (fr) * 2014-11-19 2018-08-01 Kansas State University Research Foundation Composés d'atténuation chimique dans l'alimentation animale et ingrédients pour l'alimentation animale
US10772343B2 (en) 2014-11-19 2020-09-15 Kansas State University Research Foundation Chemical mitigants in animal feed and feed ingredients
US10918118B2 (en) 2014-11-19 2021-02-16 Kansas State University Research Foundation Chemical mitigants in animal feed and feed ingredients
CN107205440B (zh) * 2014-11-19 2021-07-13 堪萨斯州立大学研究基金会 动物饲料和饲料成分中的化学缓和剂
US11896035B2 (en) 2014-11-19 2024-02-13 Kansas State University Research Foundation Chemical mitigants in animal feed and feed ingredients
EP3229605A4 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2018-07-11 Perstorp AB Composition inhibant les pathogènes à gram-négatif chez le galloanserans
KR102368481B1 (ko) * 2020-09-10 2022-02-28 주식회사 피드업 식물성 오일 및 대두박의 발효물을 포함하는 사료 조성물 및 이의 제조방법
WO2022260568A1 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 Perstorp Ab Composition d'ester de glycérol mixte

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CA2335550A1 (fr) 1999-12-29
NZ509312A (en) 2003-11-28
EP1089635A1 (fr) 2001-04-11
AU781957B2 (en) 2005-06-23
EP1089635A4 (fr) 2002-08-07
AU4699399A (en) 2000-01-10
JP2002518031A (ja) 2002-06-25

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