WO1999064677A1 - Procede de fabrication du papier - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication du papier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999064677A1 WO1999064677A1 PCT/NL1999/000351 NL9900351W WO9964677A1 WO 1999064677 A1 WO1999064677 A1 WO 1999064677A1 NL 9900351 W NL9900351 W NL 9900351W WO 9964677 A1 WO9964677 A1 WO 9964677A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- fixative
- anionic
- paper
- amylopectin
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229920006320 anionic starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 108010039811 Starch synthase Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019759 Maize starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012239 gene modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005017 genetic modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013617 genetically modified food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 206010042602 Supraventricular extrasystoles Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100216185 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica AP25 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006203 ethylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006200 ethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940006186 sodium polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEPXTKKIWBPAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloropropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)(Cl)Cl XEPXTKKIWBPAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-Oxepanedione Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC(=O)O1 JPSKCQCQZUGWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005548 Hexokinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700040460 Hexokinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009430 Thespesia populnea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003118 cationic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001793 charged compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 clay Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006358 imidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006207 propylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
- D21H21/20—Wet strength agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/76—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by choice of auxiliary compounds which are added separately from at least one other compound, e.g. to improve the incorporation of the latter or to obtain an enhanced combined effect
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for making paper and to the use of starch in said process.
- the wet-end of the papermaking process refers to the stages of the papermaking process, wherein a pulp of fibers, obtained from cellulose-based materials, such as recycled, used paper, wood, cotton, or alternative sources, is being processed.
- the term "wet-end" originates in the large amounts of water, in the presence of which the pulp is processed.
- the conventionally used size-press is more and more being replaced by a premetering size-press.
- the use of a premetering size-press often has the effect that starch penetrates to lesser degree into the paper sheet than when a conventional size-press is used. As a result, the starch provides a smaller contribution to the strength of the paper.
- the use of a premetering size-press for pigmentizing diminishes the internal strength of the paper even more. Therefore, it is desired to provide an increase of the strength of the paper obtained in the wet-end.
- anionic starch an effective wet-end concept for enhancing paper strength
- J. Terpstra and R.P. Versluijs have proposed to use anionic starch instead of cationic starch as a strengthening agent in the wet-end of the papermaking process, in order to achieve a greater internal strength of the paper produced.
- anionic starch has also been described in P. Brouwer, ochenblatt f ⁇ r Textilfabrikation, 19 (1997) , 928-937, O-A-93/01353 and O-A-96/05373 , and may be explained as follows.
- the fibers and filler particles which are used to produce paper from, are negatively charged.
- cationic starch When cationic starch is used as a paper strengthening agent, its retention is mainly caused by the interaction between the positively charged starch and the negatively charged fibers and filler particles.
- anionic starch molecules In order to adhere anionic starch molecules onto anionic fibers and filler particles, use is made of a so- called cationic fixative.
- any cationic paper aid can be used as a fixative for the anionic starch, although some lead to better results than others. Because they are cheap and hardly affected by water hardness, polyaluminum chlorides are considered very attractive fixatives.
- a fixative in this regard are, inter alia, alum, or cationic polymers, such as polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride and polyamines . It has been found that, by using anionic starch in combination with a suitable fixative, it is possible to incorporate up to five times as much starch into a paper sheet in comparison with the case wherein only cationic starch is used as a strengthening agent. Of course, this results in a much stronger paper sheet. At the same time, the retention of the starch in a papermaking process is much higher when anionic starch and a fixative are used instead of cationic starch.
- a disadvantage of the use of anionic starch instead of cationic starch in the wet-end of the papermaking process resides in the necessity of using a fixative. Even though some of the fixatives proposed in the art are relatively cheap, the costs of the paper that is produced may increase considerably because of the use of the fixative. Also, as the fixative is a cationic compound, it is inevitable that anionic counterions are added to the paper along with the fixative. Often, the counterions are chloride ions which are corrosive. Furthermore, the use of a fixative may lead to a hardening of the process water and to the production of salts, which may interfere with other papermaking aids.
- anionic starch as a strengthening agent in paper may be mitigated by using an anionic starch which primarily comprises amylopectin.
- the invention relates to a process for making paper wherein an anionic starch, which is based on a starch comprising at least 95 wt.%, based on dry substance of the starch, of amylopectin, or a derivative of said starch, is used in combination with a fixative as a strengthening agent.
- an anionic starch which is based on a starch comprising at least 95 wt.%, based on dry substance of the starch, of amylopectin, or a derivative of said starch, is used in combination with a fixative as a strengthening agent.
- starch types consist of granules in which two types of glucose polymers are present. These are amylose (15- 35 wt.% on dry substance) and amylopectin (65-85 wt.% on dry substance) .
- Amylose consists of unbranched or slightly branched molecules having an average degree of polymerization of 1000 to 5000, depending on the starch type.
- Amylopectin consists of very large, highly branched molecules having an average degree of polymerization of 1,000,000 or more.
- the commercially most important starch types (maize starch, potato starch, wheat starch and tapioca starch) contain 15 to 30 wt.% amylose.
- starch granules nearly completely consist of amylopectin. Calculated as weight percent on dry substance, these starch granules contain more than 95%, and usually more than 98% amylopectin. The amylose content of these cereal starch granules is thus less than 5%, and usually less than 2%.
- the above cereal varieties are also referred to as waxy cereal grains, and the amylopectin-starch granules isolated therefrom as waxy cereal starches .
- starch granules nearly exclusively consist of amylopectin are not known in nature.
- potato starch granules isolated from potato tubers usually contain about 20% amylose and 80% amylopectin (wt.% on dry substance) .
- successful efforts have been made to cultivate by genetic modification potato plants which, in the potato tubers, form starch granules consisting for more than 95 wt.% (on dry substance) of amylopectin. It has even been found feasible to produce potato tubers comprising substantially only amylopectin.
- GBSS granule-bound starch synthase
- Elimination or inhibition of the expression of these specific genes results in the production of the GBSS enzyme being prevented or limited.
- the elimination of these genes can be realized by genetic modification of potato plant material or by recessive mutation.
- An example thereof is the amylose-free mutant of the potato (amf) of which the starch substantially only contains amylopectin through a recessive mutation in the GBSS gene.
- This mutation technique is described in, inter alia, J.H.M. Hovenkamp-Hermelink et al . , "Isolation of amylose-free starch mutant of the potato ( Solanum tuberosum .)", Theor. Appl . Gent., (1987), 75:217-221, and E. Jacobsen et al . , "Introduction of an amylose-free (amf) mutant into breeding of cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum L. ,
- GBSS gene in the potato is also possible by using so-called antisense inhibition.
- This genetic modification of the potato is described in R.G.F. Visser et al . , "Inhibition of the expression of the gene for granule-bound starch synthase in potato by antisense constructs", Mol . Gen. Genet., (1991), 225:289-296.
- amylopectin-potato starch is the potato starch granules isolated from potato tubers and having an amylopectin content of at least 95 wt.% based on dry substance .
- waxy maize starch which is commercially by far the most important waxy cereal starch.
- the cultivation of waxy maize, suitable for the production of waxy maize starch is not commercially feasible in countries having a cold or temperate climate, such as The Netherlands, Belgium, England, Germany, Tru, Sweden and Denmark.
- the climate in these countries is suitable for the cultivation of potatoes.
- Tapioca starch, obtained from cassave may be produced in countries having a warm climate, such as is found in regions of South East Asia and South America.
- composition and properties of root and tuber starch differ from those of the waxy cereal starches.
- Amylopectin-potato starch has a much lower content of lipids and proteins than the waxy cereal starches. Problems regarding odor and foaming, which, because of the lipids and/or proteins, may occur when using waxy cereal starch products (native and modified) , do not occur, or occur to a much lesser degree when using corresponding amylopectin- potato starch products.
- amylopectin-potato starch contains chemically bound phosphate groups. As a result, amylopectin-potato starch products in a dissolved state have a distinct polyelectrolyte character .
- the invention contemplates the use of anionic starch obtained from cereal and fruit sources on the one hand, and root and tuber sources on the other hand.
- cereal starches waxy maize starch has proven very suitable. In general, however, root and tuber starches are more preferred.
- root and tuber starches are more preferred.
- anionic amylopectin-potato starch and amylopectin- tapioca starch as a strengthening agent in paper has been found to lead to a particularly strong paper sheet.
- anionic starch a starch having a charge density of at least 0.03 ⁇ eq/mg starch, preferably at least 0.15 ⁇ eq/mg starch.
- the charge density is defined as the amount of a cationic polymer (methyl glycol chitosan iodide, Sigma M-3150) which has to be added to a known amount of dissolved starch in order to reach the equivalence point.
- This equivalence point may be determined by measuring the electrophoretic zetapotential of the dispersion to which silicate particles are added as indicator. The zetapotential can for instance be measured by using a Malvern Zetasizer 3.
- the anionic starch which, according to the invention, is used in combination with a fixative as a strengthening agent in paper, may be prepared from the starch comprising at least 95 wt.%, based on dry substance of the starch, of amylopectin, or the derivative of said starch, on which it is based in any manner known for regular starch comprising both amylopectin and amylose.
- a fixative as a strengthening agent in paper may be prepared from the starch comprising at least 95 wt.%, based on dry substance of the starch, of amylopectin, or the derivative of said starch, on which it is based in any manner known for regular starch comprising both amylopectin and amylose.
- anionic starch may be obtained by introduction of any anionic substituents or by any oxidation process known in the derivatization of starch.
- Suitable examples of anionic substituents are phosphate, phosphonate, sulfonate, sulfate, (alkyl) succinate, anionic graft copolymers and combinations thereof.
- An example of a suitable oxidation is oxidation by hypochlorite .
- a carboxymethyl of phosphated starch is used.
- the degree of substitution (DS) which is the molar ratio between the amount of substituted hydroxyl groups of a glucose unit in the starch and the amount of glucose units in the starch, may range between 0.005 and 0.5, preferably between 0.01 and 0.2, more preferably between 0.01 and 0.1.
- Suitable derivatives of a starch comprising at least
- non-ionic or cationic substituents may be introduced.
- Suitable examples of non-ionic or cationic substituents may be introduced by etherifcation idem esterifcation reactions, such as methylation, ethylation, hydroxyethylation, hydroxypropylation, alkylglycidylation (wherein the length of the alkyl chain varies from 1 to 20 carbon atoms) , acetylation, propylation, carba-imidation, diethylamino- ethylation, and/or trimethylammoniumhydroxypropylation.
- starch may be crosslinked by any crosslinking known in the derivatization of starch.
- suitable crosslinking agents include epichlorohydrine, dichloropropanol , sodium trimethaphosphate, phosphorousoxychloride and adipic acid anhydride.
- fixative when anionic starch is used in the wet-end to provide strength in paper.
- suitable fixatives are cationically charged compounds, which are capable of binding anionic starch to anionic paper fibers and filler particles.
- any cationic compound that has been proposed for use as a fixative for anionic starch in the wet-end of a papermaking process can be used.
- Examples include alum, cationic starch or derivatives thereof, polyaluminum compounds, and cationic polymers, such as polydimethyldiallylammonium chlorides, polyamines, polyvinylamines, polyethylene imines, dicyandiamide polycondensates, or other high molecular weight cationic polymers or copolymers, e.g. comprising a quaternized nitrogen atom or polyvinyl alcohol, and combinations thereof.
- Such cationic polymers preferably should have a weight average molecular weight of at least about 10,000, preferably at least about 50,000, more preferably at least 100,000. In a preferred embodiment, the cationic polymers have a weight average molecular weight in the range from about 50,000 to about 2,000,000.
- a fixative having a high charge density is used.
- a charge density higher than 1 ⁇ eq/mg. is considered a high charge density.
- the charge density of the fixative is defined as the amount of an anionic polymer (sodium polystyrenesulfonate, Aldrich cat. no. 24,305-1) which has to be added to a known amount of fixative (typically a few milliliters of the fixative in 500 ml demineralized water) in order to reach the equivalence point .
- This equivalence point may be determined by measuring the electrophoretic zetapotential of the dispersion to which silicate particles are added as indicator.
- the zetapotential can for instance be measured by using a Malvern Zetasizer 3. It has been found that the use of a fixative having a higher charge density leads to a decreased sensitivity of the papermaking process for the hardness and conductivity of the process water.
- Preferred fixatives having a high charge density are polyaluminum compounds, such as polyaluminum chloride or polyaluminum sulfate, polydimethyldiallylammonium chlorides, polyamines, and combinations thereof.
- the anionic starch which is based on a starch comprising at least 95 wt.%, based on dry substance of the starch, of amylopectin, or a derivative of said starch, and the fixative are added at the wet-end of the process.
- a pulp comprising fibers obtained from recycled paper or from wood and water.
- a filler compound may be employed.
- any of the commonly used filler compounds such as clay, ground CaC0 3 , precipitated CaC0 3 , talc or titaniumdioxide, may be employed.
- the filler compound is added to the pulp prior to the addition of the anionic starch and the fixative.
- the anionic starch is preferably added to the pulp before the fixative is added.
- the amount in which the anionic starch is added to the pulp will depend on the desired paper strength. Generally, the amount will vary between 0.1 and 10 wt.%, preferably between 1 and 5 wt.%, based on (consistency) the- weight of the solids in the pulp (fibers, filler compounds, fines, and so forth) .
- the amount of the fixative which is added depends on the nature of the fixative and the pulp that is being used and on the amount of anionic starch that is to be incorporated into the paper. Generally, the amount of fixative is chosen such that at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% adsorption of the anionic starch is attained. It is noted that in this regard a distinction should be made between adsorption and retention. Retention refers to the amount of starch added in the wet-end that is eventually incorporated in the paper, while adsorption refers to the amount of starch added in the wet- end that adsorbs to the paper fibers in the pulp in the wet- end.
- the skilled person will be able to adjust the amount of the fixative to the circumstances at hand. Typical values differ for inorganic and organic fixatives.
- the weight ratio of fixative to anionic starch is about 1:1 for inorganic fixatives and about 1:4 for organic fixatives.
- an amylopectin type anionic starch is used, these amounts may be reduced by a factor of about 8-10 for organic fixatives and a factor of about 4-6 for inorganic fixatives.
- the pulp that is used for making paper in a process according to the invention may be any aqueous suspension of cellulose-based fibers that can be used to make paper from. After the anionic starch and the fixative have been added to the pulp, the pulp may be processed into paper in any known manner .
- the adsorption of the starch on to solid pulp components was studied as follows. To a pulp (consistency of 1%) anionic starch was added (dosage 3% on consistency) . The pulp was stirred in a baffled beaker at 800 rpm. After 60 seconds a fixative was added and after another 60 seconds the pulp was filtered. The starch adsorption was determined by measuring the amount of non-adsorbed starch in the filtrate.
- the pulp was a birch sulfate pulp beaten to 35°SR (measured at 21°C) at a consistency of 2% in tap-water using a Hollander. After beating the pulp was diluted to a consistency of 1% with tap-water.
- the pulp was divided in three separate batches , The conductivity of one batch was set to 3.01 mS/cm with sodium sulphate (Na 2 S0 4 - 10H 2 O, Merck reinst) .
- the water hardness of the second batch was increased from ca . 11 to ca . 80°GH by adding calcium chloride (CaCl 2 -2H 2 0, Merck reinst).
- the resulting conductivity of this batch was 3.01 mS/cm.
- To the third batch no salt was added.
- the conductivity and water hardness was 0.51 mS/cm and ca . 11°GH, respectively.
- the conductivity of the pulp was measured with a Radiometer CDM 80 conductivity meter.
- the starches used are: anionic potato starch PR9510 A (commercialized as Aniofax AP25) and two anionic amylopectin potato starches: HK4017A and HK4041B.
- the latter two products were prepared as described in Examples I and II, respectively.
- the starches were cooked with life steam starting with a 10% slurry in tap-water. After cooking the starch solutions were diluted to 5% with hot tap-water. The viscosities of the 5% solutions were determined using a Brookfield LVTDV-II at 60 rpm (see table 1) .
- the degrees of substitution of phosphate in the starches were determined as described in J.Th.L.B. Rameau and J. ten Have, Chemisch Weekblad, No.
- the used fixatives are Sachtoklar (obtained from Sachtleben Chemie GmbH, Germany) , Retinal 1030 (obtained from Joud, france) , and PD5-8159 (obtained from Allied Colloids Ltd. , UK) .
- fixatives Sachtoklar and Retinal 1030 were diluted by a factor of 10 with demineralized water.
- a solution of PD5-8159 was prepared by first dissolving 1 g of polymer in 4 g of acetone. After stirring for 30 minutes 95 g demineralized water was added.
- the charge density of the fixatives was determined by adding sodium polystyrenesulfonate to a known amount of fixative (typically a few milliliters of the fixative in 500 ml demineralized water) . The amount necessary in order to reach the equivalence point was the charge density. This equivalence point was determined by measuring the electrophoretic zetapotential, using a Malvern Zetasizer 3, of the dispersion to which silicate particles were added as indicator.
- the amount of starch in the filtrate was determined in an enzymatic method.
- starch is first converted into glucose with an ⁇ -amylase and an amyloglucosidase. Subsequently, the amount of glucose is determined spectroscopically using a hexokinase test method (Boehringer no. 716251) .
- the amount of starch is calculated from the obtained amount of glucose using a correction factor for incomplete conversion of the starch into glucose by the enzymes.
- the applied enzymatic conversion factor of Aniofax AP25 is 0.78.
- the starch adsorption was calculated from the enzymatically determined starch concentration in the filtrate using the following expression:
- A is the starch adsorption
- c s is the starch concentration in the filtrate
- V is the total volume of water
- G is the added amount of starch.
- the total amount of water is obtained by:
- V , V Bt and V £lx represent the volume of the batch of pulp, the volume of the starch dosage and the volume of the fixative dosage, respectively.
- the total volume is corrected for the dry solids contents ds p , ds st and ds flx (assuming density of dry solids is 1 g/ml) .
- the starch adsorption was investigated by varying three parameters: starch, fixative and pulp properties (conductivity and water hardness) . The results will be discussed using the fixative dosage expressed as dry on fiber. An overview of the fixative dosages needed for a starch adsorption of at least 90% is given in table 3 for each starch and each experimental condition.
- fixative dosage 1.5 to 2.5 times larger in case of HK4041B and 2.5 to 5 times for PR9510A.
- increase of the dosage is a factor 2 to 2.5 for HK4041B and 2 to at least 5 for PR9510A.
- PAC Sachtoklar the best results are obtained for the amylopectin starches.
- the PAC dosage is 1.5 to more than 3.5 times higher than in case of HK4017A.
- PR9510A A noteworthy difference between PR9510A and HK4017A is the effectivity of the organic fixatives PD5-8159 and
- Retinal 1030 at high water hardness With HK4017A the starch adsorption is higher at high hardness for both fixatives, while with PR9510A the adsorption is the same or lower. Thus, with this anionic AAZM a high water hardness leads to higher starch adsorptions, not only for PACs but also for the tested organic fixatives. In case of the other anionic AAZM, HK4041B, the same effect of water hardness is observed for Retinal 1030, but not for PD5-8159.
- Table 3 Data for comparison of the starches .
- the listed fixative dosage is the lowest dosage for which a starch adsorption higher than 90% is obtained.
- the ratio of fixative dosages is the amount of fixative needed wi th HK4041B or PR9510A divided by the amount needed for HK4017A.
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- Paper (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99955510A EP1086274B9 (fr) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | Procede de fabrication du papier |
AT99955510T ATE226662T1 (de) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung von papier |
DE69903628T DE69903628T2 (de) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung von papier |
AU42931/99A AU4293199A (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | A process for making paper |
CA002334532A CA2334532C (fr) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | Procede de fabrication du papier |
BRPI9910991-3A BR9910991B1 (pt) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | processo para fabricar papel, papel, e, uso de um amido aniânico. |
JP2000553661A JP4475810B2 (ja) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | 製紙方法 |
MXPA00012086A MXPA00012086A (es) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | Proceso para la elaboracion de papel. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98201943.2 | 1998-06-10 | ||
EP98201943 | 1998-06-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999064677A1 true WO1999064677A1 (fr) | 1999-12-16 |
Family
ID=8233797
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1999/000351 WO1999064677A1 (fr) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-06-04 | Procede de fabrication du papier |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030145966A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1086274B9 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4475810B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1136360C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE226662T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4293199A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9910991B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2334532C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69903628T2 (fr) |
ID (1) | ID27649A (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA00012086A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999064677A1 (fr) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1167434A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-20 | 2002-01-02 | Cerestar Holding B.V. | Composition d'amidon et son utilisation |
EP2192228A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-24 | 2010-06-02 | Basf Se | Polysaccharide cationique, sa préparation et utilisation |
EP1456472B2 (fr) † | 2001-12-18 | 2012-05-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Procede de fabrication d'un produit papetier comprenant un polymere polyvinylamine |
US8911593B2 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2014-12-16 | Roquette Freres | Method for the cationisation of legume starches, cationic starches thus obtained applications thereof |
JP2018165371A (ja) * | 2001-04-11 | 2018-10-25 | コーンプロダクツ ディベロップメント インコーポレーテッド | カッサバのプロトプラストを生産し形質転換させる方法 |
US11427965B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2022-08-30 | Kemira Oyj | Dry strength composition, its use and method for making of paper, board or the like |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6596860B1 (en) * | 1998-07-23 | 2003-07-22 | Cooperatieve Verkoop-En Productievereniging Van Aardappelmeel En Derivaten Avebe B.A. | Adhesive composition |
US7758934B2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-07-20 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Dual mode ink jet paper |
CL2008002019A1 (es) * | 2007-07-16 | 2009-01-16 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv | Composicion de carga que comprende una carga, un compuesto inorganico cationico, un compuesto organico cationico y un polisacarido anionico; metodo para preparar dicha composicion; uso como aditivo para una suspension celulosica acuosa; procedimiento para producir papel; y papel. |
EP2199462A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-23 | Coöperatie Avebe U.A. | Processus de fabrication de papier |
US8980059B2 (en) * | 2009-08-12 | 2015-03-17 | Nanopaper, Llc | High strength paper |
TWI522513B (zh) * | 2010-08-25 | 2016-02-21 | 英屬開曼群島索理思科技開曼公司 | 製造紙和紙板時提升澱粉於纖維素物質紙漿之優越性之方法 |
CN104693441B (zh) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-04-19 | 华南理工大学 | 一种造纸固着剂的制备方法及其应用 |
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1999
- 1999-06-04 MX MXPA00012086A patent/MXPA00012086A/es active IP Right Grant
- 1999-06-04 ID IDW20010031A patent/ID27649A/id unknown
- 1999-06-04 WO PCT/NL1999/000351 patent/WO1999064677A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1999-06-04 DE DE69903628T patent/DE69903628T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 JP JP2000553661A patent/JP4475810B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-04 AT AT99955510T patent/ATE226662T1/de active
- 1999-06-04 CN CNB998072168A patent/CN1136360C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 AU AU42931/99A patent/AU4293199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-04 CA CA002334532A patent/CA2334532C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-04 BR BRPI9910991-3A patent/BR9910991B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-04 EP EP99955510A patent/EP1086274B9/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-11-27 US US10/305,929 patent/US20030145966A1/en not_active Abandoned
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DE2924947A1 (de) * | 1979-06-21 | 1981-01-22 | Giulini Chemie | Verfahren zur oberflaechenleimung von papier, karton, pappen und vliesen |
EP0282415A1 (fr) * | 1987-03-13 | 1988-09-14 | Roquette FrÀ¨res | Procédé de fabrication du papier |
WO1993001353A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-02 | 1993-01-21 | Eka Nobel Ab | Procede de production de papier |
GB2292394A (en) * | 1994-08-16 | 1996-02-21 | Chemisolv Ltd | Application of material to a substrate by flocculation |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1167434A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-20 | 2002-01-02 | Cerestar Holding B.V. | Composition d'amidon et son utilisation |
US7022174B2 (en) | 2000-06-20 | 2006-04-04 | Cerestar Holding B.V. | Starch compositions and the use thereof in wet-end of paper preparation |
US7147753B2 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2006-12-12 | Cerestar Holding B.V. | Starch composition and the use thereof in wet-end of paper preparation |
USRE41622E1 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2010-09-07 | Cerestar Holding B.V. | Starch compositions and the use thereof in wet-end of paper preparation |
JP2018165371A (ja) * | 2001-04-11 | 2018-10-25 | コーンプロダクツ ディベロップメント インコーポレーテッド | カッサバのプロトプラストを生産し形質転換させる方法 |
EP1456472B2 (fr) † | 2001-12-18 | 2012-05-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Procede de fabrication d'un produit papetier comprenant un polymere polyvinylamine |
US8911593B2 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2014-12-16 | Roquette Freres | Method for the cationisation of legume starches, cationic starches thus obtained applications thereof |
EP2192228A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-24 | 2010-06-02 | Basf Se | Polysaccharide cationique, sa préparation et utilisation |
US8304533B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2012-11-06 | BASF SE Ludwigshafen | Cationic polysaccharide, its preparation and use |
US11427965B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2022-08-30 | Kemira Oyj | Dry strength composition, its use and method for making of paper, board or the like |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1136360C (zh) | 2004-01-28 |
CA2334532C (fr) | 2008-03-11 |
EP1086274B1 (fr) | 2002-10-23 |
AU4293199A (en) | 1999-12-30 |
DE69903628D1 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
JP2002517637A (ja) | 2002-06-18 |
US20030145966A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
EP1086274A1 (fr) | 2001-03-28 |
DE69903628T2 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
JP4475810B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
MXPA00012086A (es) | 2003-04-22 |
BR9910991A (pt) | 2001-02-13 |
EP1086274B9 (fr) | 2005-01-19 |
CN1305552A (zh) | 2001-07-25 |
CA2334532A1 (fr) | 1999-12-16 |
ID27649A (id) | 2001-04-19 |
BR9910991B1 (pt) | 2009-01-13 |
ATE226662T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
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