WO1999061661A1 - Procede d'amplification d'au moins une sequence nucleotidique particuliere et amorces de mise en oeuvre - Google Patents
Procede d'amplification d'au moins une sequence nucleotidique particuliere et amorces de mise en oeuvre Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999061661A1 WO1999061661A1 PCT/FR1999/001247 FR9901247W WO9961661A1 WO 1999061661 A1 WO1999061661 A1 WO 1999061661A1 FR 9901247 W FR9901247 W FR 9901247W WO 9961661 A1 WO9961661 A1 WO 9961661A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/6848—Nucleic acid amplification reactions characterised by the means for preventing contamination or increasing the specificity or sensitivity of an amplification reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/6853—Nucleic acid amplification reactions using modified primers or templates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new method for amplifying at least one particular nucleotide sequence of a synthetic or natural nucleic acid contained in a reaction mixture. It also relates to primers allowing such amplification.
- the state of the art describes methods for amplifying nucleotide sequences using primers specific for these sequences to be amplified.
- a gene or a family of genes can be amplified within a preparation of nucleic acids.
- Many techniques use oligonucleotides complementary to the target sequence serving as primers for elongation by a polymerase.
- PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
- LCR Liigase Chain Reaction
- RCR Repair Chain Reaction
- the risks of obtaining truncated amplification products and of the difficulties in obtaining primers specific for the nucleotide sequence to be amplified are overcome, since it is possible to specifically amplify the nucleotide sequence of interest. under standard hybridization conditions.
- primers Two complementary types of primers are used, on the one hand, a type of primers which hybridizes indifferently on all related nucleotide sequences and, on the other hand, a type of primers or each primer s 'hybrid on only one of these related sequences.
- the first, which are non-specific, will serve as primers for elongation
- the second, specific for nucleotide sequences related to the sequence of interest will serve as primers for blocking the elongation of some of these sequences. related nucleotides.
- the present invention relates to a method for amplifying at least one particular nucleotide sequence of a synthetic or natural nucleic acid contained in a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture consisting of at least one nucleic acid comprising at least at least two related nucleotide sequences and / or at least two nucleic acids each comprising at least one related nucleotide sequence; the method using at least one type of amplification primers capable of hybridizing with the nucleic acid to allow the amplification of the related nucleotide sequences, characterized in that it consists in adding, to the reaction mixture, at least a sequence, acting as a blocking primer, which is capable of:
- nucleotide sequence which is not the particular nucleotide sequence (s) to be amplified
- the blocking primer or primers are capable of hybridizing to the nucleotide sequence (s), which are not the particular nucleotide sequence (s) to be amplified.
- each blocking primer is an oligonucleotide based on deoxyribonucleotides and / or ribonucleotides and / or modified nucleotides, such as PNAs or thiophosphate nucleotides.
- each blocking primer has at least one element which prevents amplification.
- the element which prevents amplification, is located at the 3 'end of the blocking primer and does not allow its elongation.
- another element which prevents amplification, is located at the 5 'end of the blocking primer and acts as a protective element.
- Each element, which prevents amplification consists of:
- nucleotide, the modified nucleotide or the oligonucleotide does not hybridize to the nucleic acid, - or by a molecule, different from a nucleotide or a modified nucleotide.
- the element consists of at least five, in particular at least ten and preferably at least fifteen nucleotides, modified nucleotides or a mixture of nucleotide (s) and modified nucleotide (s).
- the element is constituted by a modified nucleotide or nucleotide or by an oligonucleotide comprising or not comprising at least one modified nucleotide; the nucleotide, the modified nucleotide or the oligonucleotide does not hybridize to the nucleic acid, the element is long enough to allow the formation of a loop and of hybridization between the nucleotides and / or the modified nucleotides, that make up this loop
- the element in the case where the element is constituted by a modified nucleotide or nucleotide or by an oligonucleotide comprising or not comprising at least one modified nucleotide; the nucleotide, the modified nucleotide or the oligonucleotide does not hybridize to the nucleic acid, the element consists of a "tail" of polynucleotides and / or modified polynucleotides, which all have the same bases.
- the element is substituted for the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group or the hydroxyl group, placed in position 3 'of ribose, itself located at the 3' end of the nucleic acid.
- the element is:
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view in principle of an amplification of a strand of nucleic acid and of its complementary strand by means of two primers, in this case which is the simplest, there is one primer per strand .
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic view in principle of an amplification according to FIG. 1 but using the technique exposed by the present invention.
- FIG. 3 represents the different substitutions which can be made on the nucleotides of the blocking primer where: - RI is an element which is found at the 3 ′ end of the blocking primer and which prevents any elongation during the amplification,
- - R2 is an element which can be found on at least one of the 2 ′ positions of the ribose of a nucleotide of the blocking primer and which enhances the stability of the blocking primer duplex
- - nucleic acid, and - R3 is an element which is at the 5 'end of the blocking primer and which acts as a protective element.
- FIG. 4 represents the positioning of the RI element at the 3 ′ end of the blocking primer when said primer is hybridized to the nucleic acid.
- FIG. 5 represents the positioning of the element R3 at the 5 ′ end of the blocking primer when said primer is hybridized to the nucleic acid.
- FIG. 6 represents the blocking primer duplex - nucleic acid where X represents a nucleotide of the blocking primer comprising the element R2 which enhances the stability of the duplex, in position on the ribose of this nucleotide.
- FIG. 7 shows different structures which, by adding the blocking primer in position 3 ′, prevent any elongation during amplification.
- FIG. 8 represents different structures which, by adding in the 5 ′ position of the blocking primer, in addition to the modifications in the 3 ′ position, as shown in FIG. 3, act as a protective element by preventing degradation or ejection of the blocking primer during amplification.
- FIG. 9 represents the electropherogram corresponding to the result of the sequence reaction of a DNA sample from a lymphoblastoid line HLA-DRB 1 * 1301 and HLA-DRB3 * 01, observed for the region coding for amino acids 56 to 65 (according to the official HLA nomenclature) of the HLA-DRB genes without the use of a blocking primer.
- FIG. 9 represents the electropherogram corresponding to the result of the sequence reaction of a DNA sample from a lymphoblastoid line HLA-DRB 1 * 1301 and HLA-DRB3 * 01, observed for the region coding for amino acids 56 to 65 (according to the official HLA nomenclature) of the HLA-DRB genes without the use of a blocking primer.
- FIG. 10 represents the electropherogram corresponding to the result of the sequence reaction of a DNA sample from an HLA- lymphoblastoid line DRB1 * 1301 and HLA-DRB3 * 01, observed for the region coding for amino acids 56 to 65 (according to the official HLA nomenclature) of the HLA-DRB genes with the use of a 5 '-phosphate / 3'-C 6 oligonucleotide -NH 2 inhibiting the amplification of the HLA-DRB3 gene.
- FIG. 11 represents the electropherogram corresponding to the result of the sequence reaction of a DNA sample from a lymphoblastoid line HLA-DRB 1 * 0901 and HLA-DRB4 * 01, observed for the region coding for amino acids 29 to 47 (according to the official HLA nomenclature) of the HLA-DRB genes without the use of a blocking primer.
- FIG. 11 represents the electropherogram corresponding to the result of the sequence reaction of a DNA sample from a lymphoblastoid line HLA-DRB 1 * 0901 and HLA-DRB4 * 01, observed for the region coding for amino acids 29 to 47 (according to the official HLA nomenclature) of the HLA-DRB genes without the use of a blocking primer.
- FIG. 12 represents the electropherogram corresponding to the result of the sequence reaction of a DNA sample of a lymphoblastoid line HLA-DRB1 * 0901 and HLA-DRB4 * 01, observed for the region coding for amino acids 29 to 47 (according to the official HLA nomenclature) of the HLA-DRB genes with the use of an oligonucleotide 5'-acridine / 3'-H inhibiting the amplification of the HLA-DRB4 gene.
- FIG. 13 represents a schematic view of the principle of a selective amplification of a gene in a family of related genes located on the same chromosome.
- the present invention therefore relates, among other things, to the use of oligonucleotide primers modified at their ends, for the selective amplification of genes.
- the invention also relates to a method using modified oligonucleotide primers for the selective amplification of certain genes present in a set of related genes.
- genes of interest are facilitated by the use of gene amplification techniques, which make it possible to prepare, from a biological sample, quantities of specific material that can easily be analyzed with conventional techniques of molecular biology.
- gene amplification techniques which make it possible to prepare, from a biological sample, quantities of specific material that can easily be analyzed with conventional techniques of molecular biology.
- oligonucleotide primers, bounding a gene region leads to the obtaining of a mixture of nucleotide molecules considerably enriched in the molecule of interest, which then becomes easily detectable by electrophoretic analysis techniques or molecular hybridization techniques.
- the effectiveness of this approach lies in the use of oligonucleotide primers specific for the gene regions to be analyzed. These primers must therefore be oligonucleotide sequences capable of selectively hybridizing with the nucleic sequences of interest, present in the sample.
- the present invention therefore consists in combining the use of specific oligonucleotide primers for the amplification of a limited set of structurally close genes, and modified oligonucleotide primers capable of specifically blocking unwanted genes.
- each type of these modified primers has only one type of unwanted gene.
- This strategy simplifies the analysis of mixed genes, by determining their nucleotide sequence (by gel sequencing for example or by sequencing by multiple hybridization - DNA Chip -) or by the analysis of mutations.
- the invention claims the use of mixtures of nucleotide primers allowing the effective amplification of corresponding nucleic regions, and of blocking nucleotide primers, overlapping or located downstream (relative to the nucleotide primer allowing amplification), consisting oligonucleotides which cannot serve as initiator sequences for elongation and therefore for amplification of the downstream sequences.
- the non-blocking primer and the blocking primer hybridize on the same strand for a given primer polarity (primers 5 'upstream, or primers 3' downstream of the region to analyze).
- the non-blocking primer if it succeeds in hybridizing on the strand to be amplified, cannot generate amplicons beyond the region corresponding to the site of hybridization of the blocking primer, rendering ineffective the amplification corresponding to the non-blocking primer.
- This principle illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 13, relates to the operation of blocking primers and non-blocking primers. According to FIG. 1, an amplification is carried out with non-blocking primers PI and
- the primers PI and P2 are extended and multiple amplicons A are obtained.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are used exactly since it is a selective amplification of the G gene by blocking the related genes Gl and G3 by specific blocking primers and non-specific amplification primers.
- the invention claims the use of blocking primers comprising modified nucleotides. This principle is illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6. According to FIG. 3, the nucleotide can be modified at the 2 'or 3' positions of the ribose, at the 3 'end of the oligonucleotide and at the 5' position ribose at the 5 'end of said oligonucleotide.
- the RI group substitutes, in the 3 ′ position of the ribose, hydroxyl and makes it possible to prevent the elongation of the 3 ′ end of the primer by the polymerase, when the nucleic acid - blocking primer duplex is formed.
- the R3 group substitutes, in the 5 ′ position of the ribose, the phosphate and makes it possible to protect the blocking primer from degradation of the 5 ′ end and / or displacement of the blocking primer, during the elongation of the amplification primer.
- the nucleic acid-blocking primer duplex can be reinforced by substitution of hydroxyl or hydrogen in position 2 ′ of ribose, this substitution can be made on several nucleotides of the blocking primer.
- the group R2 can be, for example, a 2 ′ O-methyl radical, which stabilizes the DNA-RNA duplexes, by creating a hydrophobic interaction.
- the claimed strategy finds multiple applications whenever a mixture of related sequences is to be analyzed: human or animal genetics, analyzes of infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites, ...)
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- HLA genes Within this set of MHC genes more commonly called “HLA genes”, some are now well known, both their nucleic sequence and the functions of the corresponding proteins. These are essentially the so-called class I HLA genes (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-Cw) and the so-called class II HLA genes (HLA-DR,
- HLA-DQ and HLA-DP HLA-DQ and HLA-DP. These genes participate in the regulation of the immune response at the level of monitoring the integrity of the self, with different consequences in the medical field.
- a first application concerns the field of organ or bone marrow transplants, and numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of an optimal apartment between the organ donor (s) and the recipient, for the HLA genes therefore involved in histocompatibility.
- a second application relates to the study of the susceptibility of each individual to develop certain pathologies induced by infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites) or by other mechanisms which are still poorly understood (case of autoimmune diseases for example).
- infectious agents viruses, bacteria, parasites
- the HLA genes then participate in the development of the very great diversity of the immune response, observed at the level of each individual, for a given ethnic group.
- the determination of HLA gene alleles allow precise characterization or identification of any individual, constituting a third area of application of HLA typing.
- HLA-A typing is based on the selective analysis of the two alleles of the HLA-A gene observed in an individual, avoiding the analysis of the structurally close genes HLA-B and HLA-Cw. It is therefore essential to be able to specifically amplify the related regions observed for the HLA-A gene, by using nucleotide primers capable of hybridizing only with the regions targeted on this gene.
- HLA-DR typing Another example concerns HLA-DR typing, where the analysis of polymorphism only concerns the HLA-DRB 1, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4 and HLA-DRB5 genes which correspond to the genes coding for the polypeptide chains constituting the functional proteins. expressed on the cell surface, avoiding the co-amplification and analysis of the pseudogens HLA-DRB2, HLA-DRB6, HLA-DRB7, HLA-DRB8 and HLA-DRB9.
- HLA-DR typing illustrates the great complexity of the mixture of nucleic acid sequences to identify encountered for a given sample, and the presence of two alleles for each of the genes further increases the difficulty, sometimes making the interpretation of the results very delicate ( typing ambiguities).
- HLA-DR typing it may turn out that the simplification of the analysis can be very beneficial, by restricting it only to the analysis of the HLA-DRB 1 gene (with its two alleles for each individual), if the molecular analysis techniques used call for the determination of signal intensity (fluorescence intensity for molecules of increasing size for sequencing) or the interpretation of reactivity profiles for oligoprobe hybridization , for example.
- This objective can be achieved by selecting specific amplification nucleotide primers HLA-DRB 1, but this approach is not always possible because of the nucleic sequences observed for the different alleles of the HLA- gene. DRB1 and sequences of the other HLA-DRB genes which share a great homology.
- An alternative consists of the present invention, and is based on the use of a mixture of primers specific for the HLA-DRB genes but not specific for the HLA-DRB 1 gene, and blocking primers specific for the HLA-DRB3 genes, HLA -DRB4 and HLA-DRB 5. This therefore results in a selective amplification of the HLA-DRB 1 genes, allowing easier determination of the two HLA-DRB 1 alleles observed for a given individual.
- the nucleotide primers are synthesized according to traditional methods such as those using solid phase synthesis for example, and unless otherwise indicated, contain a -OH residue in 3 ′ on the sugar (3 -OH) allowing their elongation during step d 'amplification. They are essentially oligonucleotides of length between 10 and 30 seas, depending on the applications, this depending on the nucleic sequences considered.
- the blocking nucleotide primers are prepared according to the methods mentioned above and contain a functional group, which inhibits elongation, located at the 3 ′ end of the oligoncucleotide.
- the object of this blocking function is to prevent the addition, by DNA polymerase, of the following base according to the information read on the complementary sequence.
- this functional group blocking at 3 ′ may be a phosphate-alkylamine (C 6 -NH 2 ), phosphate or dabcyl group, see on this subject FIG. 7. These groups protect the hydroxyl function (3'- OH) and thus block its reactivity during polynucleotide polymerization catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
- the blocking of the enzymatic polymerization can also be obtained by dehydroxylation from the 3 'position.
- primers containing 3'-H, 2'-OH ends can be obtained using appropriate reagents and the oligonucleotide assembly technique on solid support.
- the acridine nucleus is a powerful intercalator, thus giving the primer - target sequence duplex very great stability and preventing displacement of the primer.
- Dimethoxytrityl (DMT) used as a protecting group for the 5'-hydroxyl end, the thiophosphate group used in the antisense strategy, and an additional sequence capable of forming a secondary "stem-loop" structure protect the primer from possible degradation by exonuclease activity.
- the principle of using mixtures of non-blocking primers and blocking primers can be used for the 3 'end (downstream), or for the 3' end and for the 5 'end (upstream of the region to be analyzed), according to the characteristics of the nucleic sequences or according to the complexity of the genes of the region to be analyzed.
- This amplification approach using blocking primers can also be applied for simple amplification strategies corresponding to a mixture of primers capable of hybridizing to the same nucleic sequence to be analyzed, or in multiplex corresponding to several mixtures of primers capable of hybridizing during the same amplification reaction on different nucleic sequences to be analyzed (different loci, different genes or different gene regions).
- HLA-DRB genes can code for an HLA-DR ⁇ polypeptide chain: HLA-DRB 1, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4 and HLA-DRB5.
- the organization of this set of functional genes transmitted in a hereditary manner varies according to the individuals, who therefore have different conserved haplotypes. If the presence of a HLA-DRB 1 gene is still observed, the presence of one or two other genes (HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5) is optional, depending on the HLA-DRB 1 allele carried by the same chromosome.
- HLA-DRB 1 alleles due to the presence of the two haplotypes (one inherited from the mother, the other from the father), the complexity of the mixture of HLA-DRB sequences to be analyzed is very variable. The analysis of the main information associated with the HLA-DRB 1 alleles can therefore be difficult to interpret depending on the presence or not of other HLA-DRB genes, such as HLA-DRB3 for example.
- HLA-DRB 1 alleles (184 registered in the 1997 nomenclature, Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1996, Tissue Antigens, 49, 3-II, March 1997) without amplifying the HLA-DRB3 alleles possibly present (1 or 2 possible alleles among the 11 alleles registered in the 1997 nomenclature).
- oligonucleotide 5858 SEQ ID 3
- SEQ ID 4 an oligonucleotide comprising a modified 3 'end comprising an -H and a modified 5' end comprising an acridine
- the DNAs were extracted according to conventional cell lysis and proteinase K digestion techniques, then purified by ethanolic precipitation after phenolic extraction.
- the DNA solutions (concentration adjusted to 100 ng / ⁇ l of H 2 O) are stored at 2-8 ° C.
- the amplification products obtained were checked by analyzing an aliquot part (5 ⁇ l) by electrophoresis in agarose gel then staining with ethidium bromide. After this control, the amplicons prepared were analyzed with the bioMérieux HLA-DR oligodetection typing kit (ref. 74,500). This test makes it possible to determine the HLA-DR typing by reverse hybridization technique in microplates, by detection and analysis of the HLA-DRB 1, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4 and HLA-DRB5 alleles (PCT / FR92 / 00702). DRB3 blocking with oligo 5'-phosphate / 3'-C 6 -NH 2 :
- DNA OMW line (ECCAC 9058), DRB1 * 1301, DRB3 * 01
- HLA-DRB primer oligonucleotide 5867, SEQ ID NO 1
- Probes 13 and 3 + 6 are specific for the DRB1 gene, and probe 52a is specific for the DRB3 gene.
- the addition of oligonucleotide 5858 during amplification inhibits the amplification of the DRB3 gene, without affecting the amplification of the DRB1 gene. This inhibition is dose dependent, and total inhibition is observed for a concentration of DRB3 blocking oligonucleotide of 0.6 ⁇ M and more.
- the amplification products obtained with or without blocking of the DRB3 gene were sequenced using the ABI Prism Big Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready kit. Reaction (perkin-Elmer ref. 4303152). The electroporegrams for the reverse reaction are reported below, for the test without blocking and for the test with blocking with 0.9 ⁇ M of oligonucleotide 5858.
- the assembly of the electrophoregrams concerning the region coding for amino acids 56 to 65 (official HLA nomenclature) of the HLA-DRB genes illustrates the inhibition of the amplification of the HLA-DRB3 gene (FIGS. 9 and 10).
- DRB3 specific blocking primer oligonucleotide 5858, 3'-
- DNA OMW line (ECCAC 9058), DRB1 * 1301, DRB3 * 01
- HLA-DRB primer oligonucleotide 5867, SEQ ID NO 1: 0.1 ⁇ M final 3' generic HLA-DRB primer (oligonucleotide P2, SEQ ID NO 2): 0.1 ⁇ M final 5 'blocking HLA-DRB3 primer (oligonucleotide 5967 , SEQ ID NO 4): 0, 0.3, 0.6,
- Table 3 hybridization signals of the blocking primer 5967 to different target sequences as a function of its concentration
- oligonucleotide 5967 inhibits the amplification of the DRB3 gene, without affecting the amplification of the DRB1 gene. This inhibition is dose dependent, and total inhibition is observed for a concentration of DRB3 blocking oligonucleotide of 0.3 ⁇ M and more.
- Example 1 DNA line T7526 (ECCAC 9076), DRB1 * 0901, DRB4 * 01 Generic HLA-DRB primer 5 '(oligonucleotide 5867, SEQ ID NO 1) 0 1 ⁇ M final HLA primer - generic 3 'DRB (P2 oligonucleotide, SEQ ID NO 2) 0 1 ⁇ M final 5' blocking HLA-DRB4 primer (oligonucleotide 5965, SEQ ID NO 5) 0, 0 3, 0 6, 0 9, 1 2 ⁇ M final
- Table 4 hybridization signals of the blocking primer 5965 to different target sequences according to its concentration The calculation of the ratio of the value read for 0.6 ⁇ M / the value read without blocking makes it possible to assess the inhibition of the amplification of the DRB4 gene.
- Probe 9 is specific for the DRB1 gene, and probe 53 is specific for the DRB4 gene.
- the addition of oligonucleotide 5965 during amplification inhibits the amplification of the DRB4 gene, without affecting the amplification of the DRB 1 gene. This inhibition is dose dependent, and total inhibition is observed for a concentration of oligonucleotide
- the amplification products obtained with or without blocking of the DRB4 gene were sequenced using the ABI Prism Big Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready kit.
- the assembly of the electrophoregrams concerning the region coding for amino acids 29 to 47 (HLA official nomenclature) of the HLA-DRB genes illustrates the inhibition of the amplification of the HLA-DRB4 gene (FIGS. 1 1 and 12).
- DRB4 specific blocking primer oligonucleotide 5965, 3'- C ⁇ -NH 2
- DRB4 specific blocking primer oligonucleotide 5965, 3'- C ⁇ -NH 2
- the present invention can be applied to high-resolution HLA-DRB 1 typing, the specific blocking of the specific amplification of the HLA-DRB3, - DRB4, -DRB5 genes and the HLA-DRB2, -DRB6, -DRB7, -DRB8 pseudogenes. and -DRB9 by the use of blocking primers reducing the analysis to a mixture of one (in the case of a homozygous sample) or of two nucleotide sequences (in the case of a heterozygous sample).
- HLA-DRB3 blocking primers oligonucleotides 5816 (SEQ ID NO 6), 5868 (SEQ ID NO 7), 5885 (SEQ ID NO 8) as examples
- specific HLA-DRB4 primers oligonucleotides
- Complete blocking of the HLA-DRB3, -DRB4 and -DRB5 genes can be achieved using a mixture of blocking primers.
- i inosine
- Table 5 nucleotide sequence of the oligonucleotides used as primers for amplification
- Inosine an unnatural base, is used to weaken the nucleic acid hybrid - blocking primer.
- Inosine is linked to its nucleotide complementary by two hydrogen bonds and therefore when substituted for a pyrimidine, the bond between the two strands, at its level, is weaker. Since a gene can vary from other genes related by a single base, it is advantageous to substitute on the blocking primer, complementary to the gene, the bases around this crucial position with inosines. The duplex nucleic acid - blocking primer thus becoming weakened, there can be hybridization only if the primer is perfectly complementary to the target gene sequence. This reinforces the specificity of the blocking primer.
- the present invention therefore relates to a method for the selective amplification of genes present in a mixture of related genes, by using blocking oligonucleotide primers corresponding to oligonucleotides comprising a modified 3 ′ end which does not allow their elongation during the enzymatic amplification steps target genes.
- the invention also relates to the use of blocking primers in the sense described in claim 1, comprising a modified 5 ′ end which does not allow their displacement or their degradation, during the steps of enzymatic amplification of the target genes by a specific primer d 'a region located more in 5' on the same gene.
- the modification at the end 5 is optional. Thus, two different possibilities exist.
- the group -OH at 3 ′ is replaced by a group naturally not found in nature, such as a group -H, - phosphate, -dabcyl, or a carbon chain terminated by a group -NH 2 , as examples.
- the 5 'phosphate group is replaced by a group naturally not found in nature, such as a group -DMT, acridine, -thiophosphate, or a "stem-loop" structure, as 'examples.
- the blocking primers can also comprise modifications of the oligonucleotide in non-terminal position and are used in order to promote their hybridization on their target sequences.
- the blocking primers as described above, are capable of hybridizing on the coding strand or on the complementary strand (use of 5 ′ blocking primers or 3 ′ blocking primers).
- blocking primers is particularly advantageous for the methods of amplification of the target sequences, such as for example PCR, TMA or any other technique.
- the invention relates to the use of one or more blocking primers for the inhibition of the amplification of the HLA-DRB3, -DRB4 and -DRB5 genes, chosen from those which are defined by the sequences SEQ ID Nos: 3 to 19, and their complementary.
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JP2000551041A JP2002516666A (ja) | 1998-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | 少なくとも一つの特定のヌクレオチド配列の増幅方法及び使用されるプライマー |
EP99922230A EP1082461A1 (fr) | 1998-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Procede d'amplification d'au moins une sequence nucleotidique particuliere et amorces de mise en oeuvre |
AU39355/99A AU3935599A (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Method for amplifying at least a particular nucleotide sequence and primers used |
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FR9806866A FR2779154B1 (fr) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | Procede d'amplification d'au moins une sequence nucleotidique particuliere et amorces de mise en oeuvre |
FR98/06866 | 1998-05-27 |
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Cited By (16)
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JP2001204498A (ja) * | 2000-01-30 | 2001-07-31 | Kainosu:Kk | 特定の塩基配列を有する標的核酸の検出またはその核酸量の測定方法 |
WO2001075174A2 (fr) | 2000-04-03 | 2001-10-11 | Cytyc Corporation | Detection et typage du papillomavirus humain a l'aide de sondes de proteines pna |
US6391592B1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-05-21 | Affymetrix, Inc. | Blocker-aided target amplification of nucleic acids |
EP1253205A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-30 | LION Bioscience AG | Procédé de blocage d'amplification d'une séquence sélectionnée |
WO2009019008A1 (fr) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Suppression de l'amplification en utilisant un oligonucléotide et une polymérase significativement dépourvue d'activité exonucléase 5'-3' |
WO2012118802A1 (fr) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-09-07 | Transgenomic, Inc. | Trousse et procédé de séquençage d'un adn cible dans une population mixte |
EP2570487A1 (fr) | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-20 | Lexogen GmbH | Procédé de transcription d'acide nucléique |
WO2013038010A2 (fr) | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Lexogen Gmbh | Procédé de transcription d'acide nucléique |
US8440405B2 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2013-05-14 | 360 Genomics Limited | Methods for detecting variant nucleic acids by extension-dependent degradation of primers |
US9133490B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2015-09-15 | Transgenomic, Inc. | Step-up method for COLD-PCR enrichment |
CN105506082A (zh) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-20 | 杭州师范大学附属医院 | 利用链转移型引物扩增核酸及融合探针的方法 |
US9340832B2 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2016-05-17 | 360 Genomics Limited | Methods for enriching a variant nucleic acid from a nucleic acid population in a sample |
US9957556B2 (en) | 2010-03-08 | 2018-05-01 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Full COLD-PCR enrichment with reference blocking sequence |
US11130992B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2021-09-28 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods and compositions to enable multiplex COLD-PCR |
US11174511B2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2021-11-16 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods and compositions for selecting and amplifying DNA targets in a single reaction mixture |
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WO2001062967A2 (fr) * | 2000-02-22 | 2001-08-30 | Genena Ltd. | Procede de comparaison de sequences genomiques |
DE10012540B4 (de) * | 2000-03-15 | 2004-09-23 | Vermicon Ag | Oligonukleotide und Verfahren zum spezifischen Nachweis von Mikroorganismen durch Polymerase-Kettenreaktion |
US6248567B1 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2001-06-19 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Template-specific termination in a polymerase chain reaction |
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JP2001204498A (ja) * | 2000-01-30 | 2001-07-31 | Kainosu:Kk | 特定の塩基配列を有する標的核酸の検出またはその核酸量の測定方法 |
JP4557347B2 (ja) * | 2000-01-30 | 2010-10-06 | 株式会社カイノス | 特定の塩基配列を有する標的核酸の検出またはその核酸量の測定方法 |
WO2001075174A2 (fr) | 2000-04-03 | 2001-10-11 | Cytyc Corporation | Detection et typage du papillomavirus humain a l'aide de sondes de proteines pna |
WO2001075174A3 (fr) * | 2000-04-03 | 2003-01-23 | Cytyc Corp | Detection et typage du papillomavirus humain a l'aide de sondes de proteines pna |
JP2003529376A (ja) * | 2000-04-03 | 2003-10-07 | サイティック コーポレイション | Pnaプローブを使用するヒトパピローマウイルスの検出およびタイピング |
AU2005237141B2 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2008-08-07 | Cytyc Corporation | Detection and typing of human papillomavirus using PNA probes |
US6391592B1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-05-21 | Affymetrix, Inc. | Blocker-aided target amplification of nucleic acids |
EP1253205A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-30 | LION Bioscience AG | Procédé de blocage d'amplification d'une séquence sélectionnée |
WO2002086155A3 (fr) * | 2001-04-24 | 2003-03-06 | Lion Bioscience Ag | Methode permettant de realiser une reaction de synthese preferentielle d'acides nucleiques dans une ou plusieurs regions choisies d'un ou de plusieurs acides nucleiques cibles |
US8440405B2 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2013-05-14 | 360 Genomics Limited | Methods for detecting variant nucleic acids by extension-dependent degradation of primers |
US9340832B2 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2016-05-17 | 360 Genomics Limited | Methods for enriching a variant nucleic acid from a nucleic acid population in a sample |
CN101778952B (zh) * | 2007-08-08 | 2016-05-25 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | 使用寡核苷酸和显著缺乏5’-3’核酸外切酶活性的聚合酶抑制扩增 |
US8071338B2 (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2011-12-06 | Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. | Suppression of amplification using an oligonucleotide and a polymerase significantly lacking 5′-3′ nuclease activity |
WO2009019008A1 (fr) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Suppression de l'amplification en utilisant un oligonucléotide et une polymérase significativement dépourvue d'activité exonucléase 5'-3' |
US11174510B2 (en) | 2010-03-08 | 2021-11-16 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Full COLD-PCR enrichment with reference blocking sequence |
US9957556B2 (en) | 2010-03-08 | 2018-05-01 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Full COLD-PCR enrichment with reference blocking sequence |
WO2012118802A1 (fr) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-09-07 | Transgenomic, Inc. | Trousse et procédé de séquençage d'un adn cible dans une population mixte |
US11130992B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2021-09-28 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods and compositions to enable multiplex COLD-PCR |
WO2013038010A2 (fr) | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Lexogen Gmbh | Procédé de transcription d'acide nucléique |
EP2570487A1 (fr) | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-20 | Lexogen GmbH | Procédé de transcription d'acide nucléique |
EP3263718A1 (fr) | 2011-09-16 | 2018-01-03 | Lexogen GmbH | Procédé de transcription d'acide nucléique |
US9133490B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2015-09-15 | Transgenomic, Inc. | Step-up method for COLD-PCR enrichment |
CN105506082B (zh) * | 2015-12-24 | 2019-04-09 | 杭州师范大学附属医院 | 利用链转移型引物扩增核酸及融合探针的方法 |
CN105506082A (zh) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-20 | 杭州师范大学附属医院 | 利用链转移型引物扩增核酸及融合探针的方法 |
US11371090B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2022-06-28 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Compositions and methods for molecular barcoding of DNA molecules prior to mutation enrichment and/or mutation detection |
US11174511B2 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2021-11-16 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Methods and compositions for selecting and amplifying DNA targets in a single reaction mixture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2779154A1 (fr) | 1999-12-03 |
EP1082461A1 (fr) | 2001-03-14 |
AU3935599A (en) | 1999-12-13 |
FR2779154B1 (fr) | 2002-07-12 |
JP2002516666A (ja) | 2002-06-11 |
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