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WO1999061269A2 - Systeme auxiliaire de chauffage et de climatisation pour vehicule a moteur - Google Patents

Systeme auxiliaire de chauffage et de climatisation pour vehicule a moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999061269A2
WO1999061269A2 PCT/US1999/011369 US9911369W WO9961269A2 WO 1999061269 A2 WO1999061269 A2 WO 1999061269A2 US 9911369 W US9911369 W US 9911369W WO 9961269 A2 WO9961269 A2 WO 9961269A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
conditioning system
air conditioning
auxiliary heating
thermal energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/011369
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1999061269A3 (fr
Inventor
Larry Peiffer
Terry Zeigler
William Guo
Original Assignee
Bergstrom, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bergstrom, Inc. filed Critical Bergstrom, Inc.
Priority to AU41979/99A priority Critical patent/AU4197999A/en
Publication of WO1999061269A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999061269A2/fr
Publication of WO1999061269A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999061269A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00478—Air-conditioning devices using the Peltier effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3201—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption
    • B60H1/32014—Cooling devices using absorption or adsorption using adsorption, e.g. using Zeolite and water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/14—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01P2011/205—Indicating devices; Other safety devices using heat-accumulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heating and air conditioning systems, and more particularly, to a relatively low power auxiliary heating and air conditioning system for a motor vehicle, configured to operate when the vehicle is shut down.
  • the passenger area of a large tractor-trailer is typically divided into a cab area and bunk area; the cab area being the forwardmost area, and the bunk area (also known at the sleeper) located just behind the cab area.
  • the bunk area is separated from the cab area by a curtain or other divider, and includes a cot on which the driver can sleep.
  • thermal storage media to store thermal energy during the normal operation of the vehicular heating and air conditioning system, and utilize this stored energy during the down time of the vehicle to heat and cool the passenger compartment.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,277,038 discloses a thermal storage reservoir adapted for either cool thermal storage or warm thermal storage.
  • a stated object of the invention described in the '038 patent is to provide additional cooling and/or heating from a thermal storage system, and to release the cooling or heating at a desired time, such as prior to entering the vehicle or during vehicle startup.
  • the thermal storage system of the '038 patent is only directed to providing heating and cooling for temporary periods .
  • the mass of the thermal storage system will determine the thermal storage capabilities of the system.
  • a primary aim of the present invention to provide an improved thermal storage system for use in motor vehicles, providing an extended period of heating and cooling while the motor vehicle engine is shut down .
  • a more specific object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary heating and air conditioning system for a motor vehicle that operates to store thermal and/or electrical energy while the vehicle engine is running, and provide heating and cooling to the passenger compartment of the vehicle for extended periods of time while the vehicle engine is shut down.
  • blowers are disposed in fluid communication with the first and second heat exchangers, wherein the blowers are operative to blow air across the heat exchangers to transfer thermal energy away from the corresponding side of the thermo-electric cooler, and transfer the thermal energy to the output.
  • the blowers are disposed to communicate with both the first and second heat exchangers, so as to deliver cold air to the output, and therefore to the passenger area of the motor vehicle, delivering hot air outside the vehicle.
  • energy storage panels are utilized to store thermal energy to provide auxiliary heating and cooling during times when the vehicle engine is not running.
  • first and second arrays or panels containing phase change material are disposed downstream of the first and second heat exchangers. Air delivered by the blower across the heat exchangers thereafter crosses the first and second arrays of energy storage panels. The hot and cold thermal energy from the first and second heat exchangers operate to head and cool, respectively, the first and second arrays of energy storage panels.
  • the phase change material that is used to fill the first and second arrays of energy storage panels is selected so that the hot and cold air transferred from the first and second heat exchangers is sufficient to cause the material within the energy storage panels to change state or phase (i.e., from liquid to solid) . Thereafter, when the motor vehicle engine is shut down, energy stored within the first and second arrays of energy storage panels is released to provide warm and cool air delivered by the blower to the output .
  • a vortex tube is utilized in place of the thermo-electric cooler, to provide warm and cool air to the passenger area of the vehicle.
  • an air compressor is disposed to provide compressed air input to the vortex tube.
  • This compressor may be the existing vehicle air compressor or an auxiliary compressor.
  • the vortex tube then provides both a hot and cold air exhaust which are capable of delivering extremely hot and extremely cold air. For example, temperatures as high as 212° F. and as low as -50° F. may be achieved from vortex tubes having an input of air compressed at 100 PSIG.
  • First and second arrays of energy storage panels are, like the previous embodiment, disposed downstream of the vortex tube, so that the hot and cold outlets of the vortex tube serve to charge the energy storage panel.
  • the high pressure compressor based refrigeration circuit removes heat from a phase change material to store thermal energy therein.
  • a phase change material For example, if water is utilized as the phase change material, the high pressure compressor based refrigeration circuit will operate during operation of the vehicle to freeze the water.
  • a low pressure coolant pump circulates low pressure coolant through the phase change material heat exchanger to a heat exchanger located within the cabin compartment .
  • a fan circulates air across this in-cabin located heat exchanger to cool the air within the passenger compartment.
  • a fuel- fired heater is utilized to heat the phase change material so that once the vehicle is shut off for the evening, the low pressure coolant will deliver heat to the in-cabin located heat exchanger to warm the air contained therein.
  • a sorption system (including adsorption and/or absorption refrigeration technology) is utilized to provide auxiliary heat and air conditioning to the passenger space of a motor vehicle.
  • an auxiliary refrigerant circulatory system is configured to have an evaporator and condenser serially disposed within a circuitous refrigerator line, and therefore operative to vaporize and condense the refrigerant fluid circulating within the line.
  • a container having sorbent material for absorbing or adsorbing vaporized refrigerant is disposed so as to intersect the refrigerant line between the evaporator and condenser, where the refrigerant fluid is substantially in a gaseous or vapor state.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a fragmentary view of the tractor of a tractor-trailer vehicle having a passenger area partitioned into cab and bunk areas
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention utilizing a thermo-electric cooler to provide auxiliary cooling to the bunk area of a motor vehicle
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing thermal storage panels in connection with a thermo-electric cooler to provide heating and cooling to the bunk area of a motor vehicle;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention utilizing a high pressure compressor based refrigeration circuit in combination with a fuel-fired heater to alternatively cool or heat a thermal storage area, and further in combination in a low pressure coolant circuit to provide cooling and heating to the bunk area of a motor vehicle;
  • FIG. 1 shows a tractor of a tractor-trailer vehicle, generally designated by reference numeral 10. More specifically, the tractor portion of the tractor-trailer vehicle 10 includes an interior space defining a passenger area 12 which is further partitioned, as by curtain 13, into a cab area 14 and a bunk area 15. It is typically desired to partition the passenger area into cab and bunk areas 14, 15 and to provide independent heating and cooling capabilities for each internal area. In this way, energy may be conserved by directing the heating and cooling to the cab area 14 while the driver is operating the vehicle, and directing the heating and cooling capabilities to the bunk area 15 while the vehicle is shut down and the driver is sleeping.
  • a passenger area 12 which is further partitioned, as by curtain 13, into a cab area 14 and a bunk area 15. It is typically desired to partition the passenger area into cab and bunk areas 14, 15 and to provide independent heating and cooling capabilities for each internal area. In this way, energy may be conserved by directing the heating and cooling to the cab area 14 while the driver is operating the vehicle, and directing the
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed to an auxiliary heating and air conditioning system for supplying heat and air conditioning to the bunk area 15 of a tractor-trailer vehicle 10 while the engine (not shown) is shut down.
  • the present invention operates to provide a low-power heating and air conditioning system independently powered by an auxiliary power source.
  • the present invention utilizes energy storage means in connection with an auxiliary heating and air conditioning system to further enhance the capacity of the auxiliary heating and air conditioning system.
  • thermo-electric cooler 110 resides at the heart of the auxiliary system of the illustrated embodiment.
  • a thermo-electric cooler 110 is a solid-state device having an U.S. Patent and Trademark Office-type thermal element 112 and an N-type thermal element 114. Applying a positive DC voltage across the N-type thermal element 114 causes electrons to pass from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office-type thermal element 112 to the N-type thermal element 114.
  • the thermal elements 112 and 114 are sandwiched between two ceramic plates, a cold side ceramic plate 115 and a hot side ceramic plate 116.
  • the single P-type thermoelement 112 and N-type thermoelement 114 are commonly referred to as a couple, and a thermoelectric cooler 110 may be fabricated with as few as one couple to as many as several hundred couples sandwiched between two ceramic plates .
  • an auxiliary battery 118 is used to provide the DC voltage across the P-type and N-type thermoelements 112 and 114.
  • a switch 119 is provided to facilitate the charging of auxiliary battery 118 during normal vehicle operation. More specifically, when the motor vehicle is in operation, the switch 119 is in position 2. The output of the vehicle alternator 120 is electrically connected across the terminals of the auxiliary battery 118. During this time, no load is placed on the battery 118 and, as is known, the alternator 120 serves to charge the auxiliary battery 118. When the vehicle is shut down and auxiliary cooling is desired, the switch 119 is placed in position 1, which electrically connects the terminals of the battery 118 across the thermoelements 112 and 114 of the thermo-electric cooler 110.
  • Heat absorption (i.e. cooling) of the thermoelectric cooler 110 is proportional to the current and therefore the number of thermo-electric couplings, drawn from the auxiliary battery 118 through the thermoelectric cooler 110, the temperature of the cold side ceramic plate 115 will decrease while the temperature of the hot side ceramic plate 116 will increase.
  • First and second heat exchangers 122 and 124 are provided to transfer the thermal exchangers 122 and 124 may take the form of any of a variety of mechanical structures known for transferring heat. For example, a plurality of thermally conductive fins may be disposed in connection with the ceramic plates 115 and 116 to conduct thermal energy away from the plates. Thermal energy may then, in turn be transferred from these fins through convection by directing an air flow across the fins.
  • Two fans 130 and 131 may be provided in connection with both heat exchangers 122 and 124 to direct the flow of air across each.
  • the fans 130 and 131 may be powered from the vehicle battery (not shown) .
  • Air directed from fan 131 to flow through the first, or cold side heat exchanger 122 is cooled while air directed from fan 130 and flowing through the second or hot side heat exchanger 124 is heated.
  • a cold side heat exchanger 122 of typical efficiency will cool the air from 80° to approximately 65° F., for delivery to the bunk space of the motor vehicle.
  • the temperature of the air passing through the hot side heat exchanger 124 will be elevated from 80° to approximately 85° F. before being expelled to ambient space outside the passenger area of the motor vehicle.
  • FIG. 3 an alternative embodiment to the present invention is illustrated.
  • This embodiment is substantially similar to the embodiment shown and described in connection with FIG. 2, but further includes energy storage panels 140, 142 in connection with the output of the thermo-electric cooler 110.
  • Air is delivered by fan 133 down channels or passageways 136 and 138, thereby cooling the air passing through the cold-side channel 136 and warming the air passing through hot-side channel 138.
  • a first and second array of energy or thermal storage panels 140 and 142 serve to store thermal energy during a charge cycle and release thermal energy during a discharge cycle.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 differs substantially from the embodiment of FIG. 2, in that the embodiment of FIG. 3 is intended to operate when the motor vehicle is running, to charge the energy storage panels 140 and 142. More specifically, during normal operation of the motor vehicle, the vehicle alternator 120 powers the operation of the fan 133 and thermo-electric cooler 110.
  • the energy storage panels 142 located on the hot side operate in the same fashion. Typically, however, the material used in panels 142 changes state at a higher temperature. It can be appreciated that, consistent with the concept and teachings of the present invention, a variety of phase change materials may be used in the energy storage panels 140 and 142. Indeed, it may be desired to select a material with a much lower phase change temperature for use in the cold side energy storage panels 140, and an elevated phase change temperature material in the hot side panels 142. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a number of phase change materials may be used and designed to closely control the temperature of the phase change.
  • thermo-electric cooler 110 a switch 220 is illustrated as selectively connecting the thermo-electric cooler 110 to the alternator 120.
  • This switch 220 is maintained in the closed position to charge the thermo-electric cooler 110 and energy storage panels 140 or 142, while the engine of the motor vehicle is running. It is likewise maintained in the open position while the engine is off.
  • a blower valve 144 is located near the output of the blower 133 and at the juncture of hot side and cold side pair of delivery channels 168 and 169 leading to the first and second heat exchangers 122 and 124.
  • the blower valve 144 would be in intermediate position A as shown, allowing air output from the blower 133 to be directed down both the hot side and cold side channels 168 and 169. In this way, both arrays of energy storage panels 140 and 142 are charged.
  • the blower valve 144 is moved into either position B or C and the power to the thermo-electric cooler 110 is shut off (i.e., vehicle is shut down) .
  • blower valve 144 When the blower valve 144 is disposed in position B, air from blower 133 is directed across the hot-side energy storage panels 142, which warms the air before it is delivered to the bunk space 15. Since no air flow is directed across the cold- side energy storage panels 140, the energy stored therein has a negligible effect on the bunk temperature. Moreover, recirculating warm air from the bunk through blower 133 and across the hot-side energy storage panels 142 improves the heating efficiency during the discharge cycle.
  • temperature control may be achieved by controlling the fan speed of blower 133.
  • temperature control may be achieved by disposing the blower valve 144 in some intermediate position.
  • heating temperature may be controlled by variably disposing valve 144 between positions A and B.
  • Cooling temperature may be controlled by variable disposing valve 144 between positions A and C.
  • thermoelectric cooler 110 is disposed in connection with heat exchangers 122 and 124 to transfer and deliver air by fans 130 and 131, and using heat exchanger 122 to cool the air and heat exchanger 124 to warm the air. The warm air is expelled outside the bunk area to ambient space, while the cool air is delivered to the bunk area 15 for cooling purposes.
  • a separate container 300 substantially filled with engine coolant is provided.
  • engine coolant is circulated through line 302 into the container 300 and out line 304.
  • the substantial mass of the engine coolant within container 300 serves to sustain the heat stored therein for a substantial period of time, during which auxiliary heating may be effected.
  • a plurality of air passageways 306 are provided in the container 300 for transferring and heating air.
  • a blower 333 forces air through passages 306.
  • the outputs of the heat exchangers 122 and 124 and the output of passages 306 extending through container 300 are illustrated as open to freely flow into the bunk space 15 and ambient.
  • the independent operation of the auxiliary air conditioner and auxiliary heater may be controlled by a set of user controls 320 provided within the passenger space of the vehicle. In its simplest form, this control may be provided to control the power on/off to the fans 130 and 131 and blower 333.
  • the controls 320 are effected to turn off fans 130 and 131 and turn on blower 333.
  • the controls 320 may also be utilized to turn off the thermo-electric cooler 110 when auxiliary heating is desired.
  • FIG. 5 showing yet a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 5 is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 with the embodiment of FIG. 5 further using an array of energy storage panels 340 disposed a channel 301 to replace the coolant container 300.
  • the energy storage panels 340 are disposed in connection with an engine coolant line 302 and are charged therefrom. Since the engine coolant temperature reaches relatively high temperatures, the phase change material may be selected to have a relatively high phase change temperature. Therefore, both sensible heat as well as latent heat are utilized. Specifically, since the engine coolant typically reaches temperatures of 160 to 180° F., sensible heat energy is realized or achieved by virtue or the mass of the energy storage panels 340 and the energy required to bring the temperature of the phase change material from 160° down to approximately 75 to 80° F.
  • a heating element 312 is provided in the embodiment of FIG. 5 to provide an additional heating during the motor vehicle resting cycle.
  • the total latent heat is 4,000 BTU and the total sensible heat is 3,520 BTU. Therefore, the total heat (or stored energy) for a 50 lb. panel of phase change material is approximately 7,520 BTU. It is appreciated that the latent and sensible specific heat capacities are defined by the particular material chosen.
  • auxiliary heating and cooling system has an output control valve in fluid communication with both cold air channel 169 and hot air channel 168, wherein the valve 432 is disposed to alternatively direct the air from one of the channels to the bunk area 15 of the motor vehicle and expel the air from the opposing channel to the ambient space outside the motor vehicle.
  • Vortex tubes have found use in industrial cooling applications and, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, operate to convert compressed air into two air streams, one hot and one cold. Vortex tubes are passive elements operating solely from compressed air and have not moving parts, require no electricity and no freon. Vortex tubes are known to provide refrigeration of up to 6,000 BTU or temperatures to -50° F. using only filtered factory compressed air at 100 PSIG. A control valve (not shown) is disposed in the hot air exhaust (up to 212° F.
  • a vortex tube operates by directing compressed air into a tangentially drilled stationary generator (i.e., vortex generation chamber.), which forces the air to spin in a helical path along the tube's inner walls toward the hot air control valve.
  • a tangentially drilled stationary generator i.e., vortex generation chamber.
  • Air spinning this way often reaches sonic speeds of up to 1 million RPM. A percentage of this air exits through a valve at the hot air exhaust and the remaining air is forced back through the center of the sonic- velocity air stream where, although still spinning, it moves at a much slower speed. As a result, the inner, slower-moving air column gives up heat to the outer, faster moving air column. By the time the slower moving inner air column exits through the cold air exhaust (opposite the hot air exhaust) , it has reached extremely low temperature (down to -50° F.) As is known, a variety of vortex tubes are commercially available and designed to various specifications. Thus, vortex tubes are available which can operate off a variety of compressed air inputs to provide a variety of hot and cold air temperature outputs.
  • the alternator 120 may be used to power an air compressor 402 which provides the compressed air input to the vortex tube 400 which, in the manner described above, serves to generate hot and cold output air streams . These air streams are in turn directed across a cold side array of energy storage panels 440 and a hot side array of energy storage panels 442 respectively.
  • an existing air compressor within the motor vehicle will be used for this purpose.
  • an auxiliary air compressor may be used.
  • the alternator 120 powers the air compressor 402 which in turn feeds compressed air into the vortex tube 400.
  • the output of the vortex tube charges the arrays 440 and 442 of energy storage panels forcing them to change states and store energy in a manner previously described.
  • the material used in the energy storage panels may be designed to changes phases at extreme temperatures (for example, temperatures of -40° to -20° F. on the cold air side and temperatures of 150° to 210° F. on the hot air side) .
  • This approach likewise, achieves substantial benefits of both latent energy and well as sensible energy from the energy storage panels 440 and 442. For example, consider a 30 lb.
  • the total latent heat is 3,960 BTU and the total sensible heat is 1,140 BTU. Therefore, the total heat stored in a 30 lb. panel containing water 'is 5,100 BTU.
  • a blower 430 is provided to operate when the vehicle engine is shut down to provide the air flow for auxiliary heating and cooling.
  • blower valves 406 and 408 are provided to appropriately direct the flow of air across either the cold side energy storage panels 440 or the hot side energy storage panels 442.
  • the first blower valve 406 is in position 1 while the second blower valve 408 is in position 2. This directs air output from the blower 430 across the cold side energy storage panels to affect auxiliary cooling.
  • the first blower valve 406 may be disposed in position 2 and the second blower valve 408 disposed in position 1 to affect auxiliary heating.
  • the control valve 432 is disposed at the output to direct one channel of air to the bunk area 15 of the vehicle and direct the other channel of air to ambient space outside the vehicle during the charging cycle. It should be noted that the control valve 432 illustrated in the drawings has been provided merely for purposes of illustration and may be realized by various alternative structures. For example, independent control valves may be provided at the output of both the cold air channel and the hot air channel to individually direct the output therefrom either to the ambient or to the interior bunk space. In this regard the extreme temperatures generated by the hot and cold air exhaust of the vortex tube 400 during the charging cycle may be directly expelled to ambient space, as the interior bunk space 115 becomes excessively hot or excessively cold.
  • blower valves 406 and 408 may each be disposed in position 2 during the charging cycle so that air output from both channels of the vortex tube 400 will be directed across the energy storage panels 440 and 442. In this way, both energy storage panels are charged, thereby readying the system for either auxiliary heating or cooling during the discharge cycle.
  • blower 430 will generate the air flow for the auxiliary heating or cooling of the illustrated embodiment.
  • an auxiliary power source may be utilized to power the air compressor 402 to in turn provide additional auxiliary heating or cooling.
  • hot and cold air discharged from the vortex tube 400 is directed through the channels 168 and 169.
  • the hot and cold air is not only selectively discharged into the bunk area 15 by valve 432, but also operates to recharge panels 440 and 442. In this way, after a period of time, the air compressor 402 operation may be discontinued, and the blower 430 used to provide continued flow of air across recharged panels 440 and 442.
  • phase change material container 610 to house a volume of phase change material to be utilized to store the thermal energy for use by the vehicle to cool and heat the passenger area 12 while the vehicle is shut down.
  • the operation of this embodiment of the instant invention is required for a time during operation of the vehicle to charge the phase change container 610 with the requisite thermal energy to allow subsequent use in heating and cooling of the vehicle 12.
  • the system utilizes a closed high pressure condenser based refrigeration circuit to remove heat from the phase change container 610 to transform the phase change material into a solid form.
  • the high pressure condenser based refrigeration circuit comprises a compressor 612, a condenser 614, an expansion device 616, and an evaporator/heat exchanger 618 which is positioned within the container 610.
  • the condenser 612 operates with the other components of the high pressure refrigeration circuit to remove heat from the container 610 through the evaporator/heat exchanger 618 in a conventional manner.
  • the refrigeration circuit operates to remove sufficient heat from the container 610 to transform the water into the solid state, forming a solid ice block which will then be available to provide cooling to the passenger compartment 12 of the vehicle 10.
  • this low pressure coolant delivery system allows for remote location of the high pressure refrigeration circuit and phase change material container to a convenient location within the vehicle, while avoiding the problems of high pressure coolant leaking from the system at the various couplings which would be required if the other components of the system were remotely located from the cabin area as in a conventional system.
  • the compressor 612 is electrically operated via an engine mounted converter 628 which produces an AC voltage from the DC input from alternator 630.
  • This alternator 630 is typically driven by the vehicles engine 632.
  • the compressor 612 could also be hydraulically actuated, or belt driven as desired, and converter 628 may be mounted elsewhere than in the engine compartment .
  • a heater such as a fuel-fired heater 634
  • the low pressure coolant pump 620 circulates low pressure coolant through the heat exchanger 618 within the container 610 and to a cabin mounted heat exchanger 624 to provide heating of the cabin air while the vehicle is shut off.
  • the system is simplified, eliminating the need for separate hot and cold air directional valves to be used within the system.
  • another advantage for using the phase change material within container 610 is to increase the fuel-fired heater's efficiency and lifetime through the energy storage of the thermal energy within container 610. Additionally, the fuel-fired heater can be partially run during truck parking to recharge the phase change material within container 610 as needed.
  • FIG. 8 a further embodiment of the present invention is shown.
  • the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 utilized sorbent material and sorption refrigeration technology (including adsorption and absorption) to achieve the auxiliary heating and cooling of the present invention.
  • adsorption refrigeration-based heating and cooling system utilizes a solid sorbent material and liquid-vapor refrigerant (known as solid- vapor systems) .
  • the adsorption systems utilize the process of adsorption, which is the adhesion of an extremely thin layer of gaseous molecules to the surface of solid bodies, and desorption which is the release of thin gaseous material (i.e., refrigerant vapor) from the solid material .
  • a refrigerant circulatory system includes a refrigerant line 502 disposed in a circuitous path.
  • a refrigerant condenser 504 and evaporator 506 are spaced apart and serially disposed within the circuitous path of the refrigerant line 502.
  • Refrigerant circulated through the refrigerant line is vaporized by the evaporator 506 and subsequently condensed to liquid form by condenser 504. Circulation of the refrigerant is controlled by refrigerant control valve 508.
  • a third passage 514 is also provided and is directed for distributing air through the sorbent container 520. Therefore, air blown by the blower 530 across the sorbent container 520 heats the air and thus transfers the heat generated by sorbent container 520 to the ambient during the air conditioning cycle, and to the bunk 15 during the heating cycle.
  • a sorbent container 520 is disposed in connection with this third passage 514.
  • An electric heater element 522 electrically connected to the vehicle alternator is used to heat the sorbent material within the sorbent container 520 while the vehicle is operating.
  • alternative means may be provided to heat the sorbent material.
  • a segment of the engine coolant line may be coiled and disposed within the sorbent container 520 to heat the material.
  • a segment of the engine oil system may be coiled or otherwise disposed within the sorbent container 520. As the oil heats, along with the engine temperature, it serves to heat the sorbent container 520.
  • the refrigerant line 502 is also passed through the sorbent container 520. Refrigerant in the vapor state is adsorbed into the solid sorbent material.
  • blower control valve 531 is positioned in position 1 as shown.
  • the first check valve 536 is opened and the second check valve 533 and refrigerant control valve 508 are closed.
  • Refrigerant previously adsorbed into the sorbent material is desorbed and passes through the condenser 504 and is liquified.
  • the output of the blower 530 is directed by blower valve 531 through the first air passage 510 to carry heat from the condenser 504 to the ambient.
  • blower control valve 531 is disposed in position 2 whereby the airflow from the blower 530 is directed through both passages 512 and 514.
  • the refrigerant control valve 508 and the second check valve 533 are opened and the first check valve 536 is closed.
  • the liquid refrigerant passes through the evaporator to change from liquid to vapor state and is delivered to the sorbent container 520 where it is adsorbed into the sorbent material contained therein.
  • the air delivered through channel 512 is cooled as it passes across evaporator 506.
  • the air passing across the sorbent container is heated by the sorbent container 520.
  • Auxiliary heating and cooling of the bunk area 15 is controlled by the air control valve 532.
  • cool air transferring down passage 512 is routed to the bunk area 15 to provide auxiliary cooling while warm air passing down air passage 514 is expelled to the ambient.
  • control valve 532 is disposed in position H-H then warm air channeled down passage 514 is expelled into the bunk area 15 to provide auxiliary heating while the cool air channeled down passage 512 is expelled to the ambient.
  • a second flow valve 609 is also provided to control the fluid flow valve to other components such as a radiator and heater (not shown) .
  • the sorbent material within the sorbent container 520 is charged to store thermal energy, as described in connection with FIG. 8.
  • the thermal energy stored in the sorbent container 520 may be transferred to heat the engine coolant within the coolant line 600.
  • the pump 605 may then circulate the coolant through the engine 608, to preheat the engine before starting.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un système auxiliaire de chauffage et de climatisation comportant une sortie pour délivrer sélectivement de l'air chaud ou de l'air frais à la zone passager d'un véhicule à moteur. Ce système auxiliaire comporte un refroidisseur thermoélectrique qui est un dispositif transistorisé ayant une face chaude et une face froide. Des échangeurs thermiques sont connectés à la face chaude et à la face froide du refroidisseur thermoélectrique de manière à faciliter la dissipation de l'énergie thermique provenant de chacune des faces du refroidisseur thermoélectrique. Deux ventilateurs sont disposés en communication fluidique avec le premier et le second échangeur thermique pour faire transiter l'air par les échangeurs, en direction de la sortie, de façon à chauffer ou refroidir la zone passager du véhicule à moteur. Un premier et un second ensemble de panneaux de stockage d'énergie sont intercalés entre les premier et second échangeurs et la sortie. De préférence, ces panneaux contiennent un matériau à changement de phase qui est chargé pendant le fonctionnement du véhicule à moteur en vue d'un changement de phase et qui de ce fait stocke l'énergie thermique. Lorsque le véhicule à moteur est arrêté, l'énergie thermique stockée dans les premier et second ensembles de panneaux de stockage d'énergie est utilisée pour fournir de l'air chaud ou de l'air frais (par l'intermédiaire du ventilateur) à l'espace passager interne du véhicule à moteur. L'invention se rapporte à des systèmes similaires de chauffage et de climatisation qui, plutôt que d'avoir recours au refroidisseur thermoélectrique, mettent en oeuvre une technique de refroidissement avec compression mécanique et tube à tourbillon ou une technique de refroidissement par sorption.
PCT/US1999/011369 1998-05-22 1999-05-21 Systeme auxiliaire de chauffage et de climatisation pour vehicule a moteur WO1999061269A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU41979/99A AU4197999A (en) 1998-05-22 1999-05-21 Auxiliary heating and air conditioning system for a motor vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8330198A 1998-05-22 1998-05-22
US09/083,301 1998-05-22

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WO1999061269A2 true WO1999061269A2 (fr) 1999-12-02
WO1999061269A3 WO1999061269A3 (fr) 2000-02-10

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AU (1) AU4197999A (fr)
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EP1706282A1 (fr) * 2004-01-19 2006-10-04 Webasto AG Climatiseur pour un vehicule automobile
FR2902700A1 (fr) * 2006-10-12 2007-12-28 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de preventilation, de ventilation, de chauffage et/ou de climatisation d'un habitacle de vehicule, mettant en oeuvre un pulseur et des unites thermoelectriques a effet peltier
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WO2017155880A1 (fr) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-14 Frank Fierro Système de climatisation auxiliaire pour camions routiers
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US9796239B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-10-24 Bergstrom Inc. Air conditioning system utilizing heat recovery ventilation for fresh air supply and climate control
US9840130B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-12-12 Bergstrom Inc. Air conditioning system utilizing thermal capacity from expansion of compressed fluid
US9874384B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2018-01-23 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigeration system with superheating, sub-cooling and refrigerant charge level control
US10006684B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2018-06-26 Bergstrom, Inc. Air conditioning system for use in vehicle
US10081226B2 (en) 2016-08-22 2018-09-25 Bergstrom Inc. Parallel compressors climate system
US10222102B2 (en) 2015-10-21 2019-03-05 Ami Industries, Inc. Thermoelectric based heat pump configuration
US10245916B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2019-04-02 Bergstrom, Inc. Low profile air conditioning system
US10369863B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2019-08-06 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant liquid-gas separator with electronics cooling
US10562372B2 (en) 2016-09-02 2020-02-18 Bergstrom, Inc. Systems and methods for starting-up a vehicular air-conditioning system
US10589598B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2020-03-17 Bergstrom, Inc. Integrated condenser and compressor system
WO2020065285A1 (fr) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 Dyson Automotive Research And Development Limited Système de climatisation de véhicule
CN111231998A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-05 西南交通大学 一种列车气动热吸收装置及方法
US10675948B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2020-06-09 Bergstrom, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a vehicle HVAC system
US10724772B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2020-07-28 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant liquid-gas separator having an integrated check valve
GB2589375A (en) * 2019-11-29 2021-06-02 James Wyllie Nicolas Methods and systems for regulating the temperature in a compartment of a vehicle
CN113432341A (zh) * 2021-07-14 2021-09-24 同济大学 一种基于相变蓄热的水环热泵型电动汽车热管理系统
US11306947B2 (en) 2020-01-13 2022-04-19 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Temperature control system in a passenger service unit
CN114654962A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-24 河南科技大学 一种电动汽车热管理系统、热管理方法及电动汽车
US11420496B2 (en) 2018-04-02 2022-08-23 Bergstrom, Inc. Integrated vehicular system for conditioning air and heating water
US11448441B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2022-09-20 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant system for cooling electronics
GB2613193A (en) * 2021-11-26 2023-05-31 Ogab Ltd System and method of temperature regulation of a vehicle personnel compartment
FR3132049A1 (fr) * 2022-01-26 2023-07-28 Psa Automobiles Sa Déshumidification automatisée de l’air d’un habitacle de véhicule
US12115835B2 (en) 2018-09-28 2024-10-15 Dyson Technology Limited Vehicle air conditioning
US12240292B2 (en) 2018-09-28 2025-03-04 Dyson Technology Limited Vehicle air conditioning

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US7591143B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2009-09-22 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating system providing engine on and engine off operation
US9694651B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2017-07-04 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating system providing engine on and off operation
US8453722B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2013-06-04 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating system providing engine on and engine off operation
US7591303B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2009-09-22 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating method providing engine on and engine off operation
US7448227B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2008-11-11 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating method providing engine on and engine off operation
US6889762B2 (en) * 2002-04-29 2005-05-10 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating system providing engine on and engine off operation
US7454922B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2008-11-25 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating method providing engine on and engine off operation
US9487063B2 (en) 2002-04-29 2016-11-08 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicle air conditioning and heating system providing engine on and engine off operation
EP1706282A1 (fr) * 2004-01-19 2006-10-04 Webasto AG Climatiseur pour un vehicule automobile
US9421845B2 (en) 2004-04-22 2016-08-23 Webasto Ag Heating and air-conditioning system for a motor vehicle
EP1621377A3 (fr) * 2004-07-27 2008-01-02 Paccar Inc. Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement des volumes internes des véhicules
EP1621377A2 (fr) 2004-07-27 2006-02-01 Paccar Inc. Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement des volumes internes des véhicules
FR2902700A1 (fr) * 2006-10-12 2007-12-28 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de preventilation, de ventilation, de chauffage et/ou de climatisation d'un habitacle de vehicule, mettant en oeuvre un pulseur et des unites thermoelectriques a effet peltier
US20090211280A1 (en) * 2006-11-15 2009-08-27 Glacier Bay, Inc. HVAC system
US8381540B2 (en) * 2006-11-15 2013-02-26 Crosspoint Solutions, Llc Installable HVAC systems for vehicles
US8517087B2 (en) 2007-02-20 2013-08-27 Bergstrom, Inc. Combined heating and air conditioning system for vehicles
US8141377B2 (en) 2007-02-21 2012-03-27 Bergstrom, Inc. Truck electrified engine-off air conditioning system
US8154251B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2012-04-10 Cummins, Inc. System and method for controlling vehicle idling and maintaining vehicle electrical system integrity
US10162372B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2018-12-25 Cummins Inc. Interface and monitoring system and method for a vehicle idling control system
US8078339B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2011-12-13 Cummins Inc. Circuit board with integrated connector
US8078324B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2011-12-13 Cummins Inc. Method for controlling fixed and removable vehicle HVAC devices
US8057262B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2011-11-15 Cummins Inc. Battery connection and monitoring
US8036816B2 (en) 2007-07-13 2011-10-11 Cummins, Inc. Totally integrated temperature sensor
US10414243B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2019-09-17 Bergstrom, Inc. Vehicular ventilation module for use with a vehicular HVAC system
US9796239B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-10-24 Bergstrom Inc. Air conditioning system utilizing heat recovery ventilation for fresh air supply and climate control
US9840130B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-12-12 Bergstrom Inc. Air conditioning system utilizing thermal capacity from expansion of compressed fluid
US10245916B2 (en) 2013-11-04 2019-04-02 Bergstrom, Inc. Low profile air conditioning system
US10427496B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2019-10-01 Bergstrom, Inc. System and method for remotely managing climate control systems of a fleet of vehicles
US10967709B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2021-04-06 Bergstrom, Inc. Graphical user interfaces for remotely managing climate control systems of a fleet of vehicles
US11780292B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2023-10-10 Bergstrom, Inc. Graphical user interfaces for remotely managing climate control systems of a fleet of vehicles
US9783024B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2017-10-10 Bergstrom Inc. System and method for remotely managing climate control systems of a fleet of vehicles
US10222102B2 (en) 2015-10-21 2019-03-05 Ami Industries, Inc. Thermoelectric based heat pump configuration
US10006684B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2018-06-26 Bergstrom, Inc. Air conditioning system for use in vehicle
US10527332B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2020-01-07 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigeration system with superheating, sub-cooling and refrigerant charge level control
US9874384B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2018-01-23 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigeration system with superheating, sub-cooling and refrigerant charge level control
US20190092136A1 (en) * 2016-03-09 2019-03-28 Frank Fierro Auxiliary air-conditioning system for over-the-road trucks
WO2017155880A1 (fr) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-14 Frank Fierro Système de climatisation auxiliaire pour camions routiers
US10589598B2 (en) 2016-03-09 2020-03-17 Bergstrom, Inc. Integrated condenser and compressor system
US10717345B2 (en) * 2016-03-09 2020-07-21 Frank Fierro Auxiliary air-conditioning system for over-the-road trucks
US11479086B2 (en) 2016-08-22 2022-10-25 Bergstrom, Inc. Multi-compressor climate system
US10081226B2 (en) 2016-08-22 2018-09-25 Bergstrom Inc. Parallel compressors climate system
US10703173B2 (en) 2016-08-22 2020-07-07 Bergstrom, Inc. Multi-compressor climate system
US10562372B2 (en) 2016-09-02 2020-02-18 Bergstrom, Inc. Systems and methods for starting-up a vehicular air-conditioning system
US11241939B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2022-02-08 Bergstrom, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a vehicle HVAC system
US12240295B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2025-03-04 Bergstrom, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a vehicle HVAC system
US10675948B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2020-06-09 Bergstrom, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a vehicle HVAC system
US11712946B2 (en) 2016-09-29 2023-08-01 Bergstrom, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a vehicle HVAC system
US10724772B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2020-07-28 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant liquid-gas separator having an integrated check valve
US11512883B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2022-11-29 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant liquid-gas separator
US10369863B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2019-08-06 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant liquid-gas separator with electronics cooling
US11448441B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2022-09-20 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant system for cooling electronics
US12065019B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2024-08-20 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant system for cooling electronics
US11420496B2 (en) 2018-04-02 2022-08-23 Bergstrom, Inc. Integrated vehicular system for conditioning air and heating water
US11919364B2 (en) 2018-04-02 2024-03-05 Bergstrom, Inc. Integrated vehicular system for conditioning air and heating water
US12240292B2 (en) 2018-09-28 2025-03-04 Dyson Technology Limited Vehicle air conditioning
US12115835B2 (en) 2018-09-28 2024-10-15 Dyson Technology Limited Vehicle air conditioning
WO2020065285A1 (fr) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 Dyson Automotive Research And Development Limited Système de climatisation de véhicule
GB2589375B (en) * 2019-11-29 2022-03-30 James Wyllie Nicholas Methods and systems for regulating the temperature in a compartment of a vehicle
GB2589375A (en) * 2019-11-29 2021-06-02 James Wyllie Nicolas Methods and systems for regulating the temperature in a compartment of a vehicle
US11306947B2 (en) 2020-01-13 2022-04-19 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Temperature control system in a passenger service unit
US11649988B2 (en) 2020-01-13 2023-05-16 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Temperature control system in a passenger service unit
CN111231998B (zh) * 2020-03-09 2024-05-31 西南交通大学 一种列车气动热吸收装置及方法
CN111231998A (zh) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-05 西南交通大学 一种列车气动热吸收装置及方法
CN113432341B (zh) * 2021-07-14 2024-04-26 同济大学 一种基于相变蓄热的水环热泵型电动汽车热管理系统
CN113432341A (zh) * 2021-07-14 2021-09-24 同济大学 一种基于相变蓄热的水环热泵型电动汽车热管理系统
GB2613193B (en) * 2021-11-26 2023-11-22 Ogab Ltd System and method of temperature regulation of a vehicle personnel compartment
GB2613193A (en) * 2021-11-26 2023-05-31 Ogab Ltd System and method of temperature regulation of a vehicle personnel compartment
FR3132049A1 (fr) * 2022-01-26 2023-07-28 Psa Automobiles Sa Déshumidification automatisée de l’air d’un habitacle de véhicule
CN114654962A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-24 河南科技大学 一种电动汽车热管理系统、热管理方法及电动汽车

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