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WO1999050650A1 - Detecteur a fibre optique - Google Patents

Detecteur a fibre optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999050650A1
WO1999050650A1 PCT/DE1999/000047 DE9900047W WO9950650A1 WO 1999050650 A1 WO1999050650 A1 WO 1999050650A1 DE 9900047 W DE9900047 W DE 9900047W WO 9950650 A1 WO9950650 A1 WO 9950650A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optical
sensor according
optical sensor
gas
optodes
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1999/000047
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Schneider
Anton Pfefferseder
Andreas Hensel
Ulrich Oppelt
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO1999050650A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999050650A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
    • G01N2021/7776—Index
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
    • G01N2021/7783—Transmission, loss

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical sensor with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 and its use.
  • the optical sensor according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 has the advantage that the spatial separation of the at least one optical transmitter and the at least one optical receiver and at least two interacting with a sample, for example a gas or gas mixture, means the transmission very sensitive and inexpensive integrated components can be produced for sensitive layers that change light of a specific wavelength.
  • a sample for example a gas or gas mixture
  • an integrated module which preferably consists of an optical transmitter and an optical receiver, is coupled to the sensitive layers that can be used at any remote location via at least one optical waveguide, the complete spatial separation of these structural units from one another and thus positioning of the gas-sensitive layers is also possible at locations where, owing to the space and / or the thermal and / or mechanical conditions, no sensitive optical and / or electronic components can be used and installed.
  • an optode is understood in particular to mean polymer layers which, owing to the indicator substances embedded therein, show a dependence of the light transmission on the concentration of a specific gas in the atmosphere surrounding the optode.
  • Optodes used according to the invention react selectively and reversibly to the concentration of a certain gas.
  • the interaction of the indicator substance present in the optode leads, for example, to an at least local maximum of the absorption for electromagnetic radiation, for example light.
  • the location of the absorption maximum that is to say the wavelength range, is typically for each specific gas and / or gas mixture at different wavelength values of the electromagnetic radiation, the height of the absorption maximum also being correlated with the concentration of the interacting gas and / or gas mixture.
  • the one present in the gas-sensitive layer preferably in a polymer material, speaks trix stored, indicator substance only on a certain gas, so that gas-specific acting sensors can be represented with different indicator substances.
  • At least one source for electromagnetic radiation preferably an optical transmitter
  • at least one detector for electromagnetic radiation preferably an optical receiver
  • the at least two optodes are coupled to the transmitter and receiver via at least one optical waveguide.
  • the source for electromagnetic radiation can be, for example, a light-emitting diode as an optical transmitter, which emits light in a selectable wavelength range.
  • a laser light source as the source for electromagnetic radiation, which has the advantage of being able to adjust the wavelength of the emitted electromagnetic waves very precisely to the position of an absorption maximum of the optodes.
  • a photodiode as an optical receiver with a frequency range matched to the emitted wavelength of the light-emitting diode or laser light source can be used for the detection of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • Such a structure can be rather be realized with very inexpensive individual parts.
  • the optodes arranged in the beam path between the optical transmitter and the optical receiver are preferably calibrated or calibrated quantitatively according to their absorption properties at certain light wavelengths, so that different light wavelengths with differently reacting indicator substances can detect different gases.
  • the at least two optodes coupled via at least one optical waveguide to the at least one optical transmitter and the at least one optical receiver are connected in series.
  • two or more optodes, which are also expediently spaced from one another, can be used at locations which are almost arbitrarily distant.
  • the almost lossless transmission of electromagnetic radiation, preferably in the light range, within the optical waveguide enables the spatial separation of optical transmitters and receivers from the optodes. This makes it easy to use the optodes in locations that are unsuitable for use with sensitive optical and electronic components due to their temperature load, for example.
  • the optodes can be coupled to the optical transmitter and the optical receiver both via a series and a parallel connection or also in a combination of series and parallel connection.
  • connection or coupling of the at least one optical waveguide with The optodes can advantageously be designed in such a way that a sheath surrounding a core of the optical waveguide along its entire length is interrupted at individual points and is covered at each of these points with a gas-sensitive layer forming the optodes.
  • These sections, at which the cladding is interrupted can either be designed as oval windows, for example, or as sections at which the core is freed from the cladding on its entire circumference and instead is covered with the gas-sensitive layer representing the optode.
  • the core which conducts the light signals almost without attenuation, consists, for example, of quartz glass in conventional optical fibers.
  • the refractive index (n 2 ) for light from the core of the optical waveguide is selected such that it is significantly above the refractive index (n 3 ) for light from the cladding. In this way it is achieved that light guided in the core of the optical waveguide is deflected at an interface between the core and the sheath with total reflection and thus does not leave the core, which also ensures loss-free light guidance.
  • an optical waveguide is provided with a plurality of spaced apart optodes which react sensitively to the same gas and / or gas mixture in each case. In this way, the gas and / or the gas mixture can be detected at any location in very low concentrations in a simple manner with appropriate laying of the optical waveguide.
  • the length of the at least one optical waveguide is provided with a plurality of optodes spaced apart from one another, which are sensitive to different gases in each case.
  • the gas concentration at each individual optode can be determined with high accuracy.
  • the at least one optical waveguide can advantageously be designed in a ring shape, which enables simple concealed laying even within larger areas and unambiguous assignment of the signals arriving at the optical receiver to the individual optodes.
  • two or more ring-shaped optical waveguides can be used, each with optodes sensitive to different gases and / or gas mixtures.
  • These multiple optical waveguides can advantageously be bundled and laid in parallel, which enables reliable detection of different gases and / or gas mixtures at defined, even distant, locations.
  • each of the plurality of optical waveguides is coupled to a separate optical receiver in order to enable reliable signal evaluation.
  • optical transmitters and receivers in a monolithic combination, for example by casting with plastic, to connect to the end faces of the optical fibers.
  • the optical transmitter and receiver can also be spatially combined in a common assembly or integrated in a common component, which has considerable advantages in terms of easier assembly.
  • optical sensor according to the invention can furthermore advantageously be used for monitoring air quality in rooms, for example for controlling ventilation flaps in air conditioning systems.
  • optical sensors according to the invention can be used for ventilation and climate control in interiors and / or in tunnels.
  • such optical sensors are also suitable for smoke and / or fire detectors, the detection and reporting time being greatly reduced compared to known devices and the false alarm security being significantly increased by determining fire control gases by means of individual optical sensors or a combination of several sensors can.
  • very simple, maintenance-free and reliable optical fire detectors can be implemented by laying optical fibers provided with appropriate optodes over a wide area.
  • the extremely low power consumption of the semiconductor components which are preferably used as optical transmitters and receivers, for example in the form of LEDs, means that battery detectors can advantageously be used to implement fire detectors which are independent of the power supply system. Another advantageous application is the detection of hydrocarbons. 10
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first variant of an individual optical sensor
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a variant of an optical sensor with a plurality of optical fibers
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a further variant of an optical sensor
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an optical fiber provided with an optode
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the reflection processes in the optical waveguide and at the optode.
  • Figure 1 shows a measuring arrangement for an optical sensor, consisting of a source of electromagnetic radiation as an optical transmitter 2, here for example a light emitting diode, a detector for 11
  • electromagnetic radiation as an optical receiver 4, for example a photodiode, which are coupled via an optical waveguide 10 to a plurality of spaced-apart sensitive elements, hereinafter referred to as optodes 12.
  • an optical receiver 4 for example a photodiode
  • optodes 12 a plurality of spaced-apart sensitive elements
  • a laser light source can, for example, just as well be used as the source for electromagnetic radiation.
  • the two semiconductor components can be attached, for example, as so-called SMD (Surface Mounted Device) components on a common circuit board in a housing (not shown here), whereas the optodes 12 are preferably attached at locations that are more easily accessible for the gas to be detected, that is, outside the housing are.
  • SMD Surface Mounted Device
  • the use of at least one optical waveguide 10 is provided for optically coupling the optodes 12 to the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4.
  • the light emitted by the optical transmitter 2 is coupled vertically at a preferably straight end face 36 into the optical waveguide 10, which at its other end, facing the optical receiver 4, also has a straight end face 37 which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide 10 12
  • Optical transmitters 2 and receivers 4 can be used which work with infrared or ultraviolet light or which work with light in the visible wavelength range, preferably in each case in a narrow wavelength range.
  • Decisive for the function of the measuring arrangement is the coordination between the wavelength of the light emitted by the optical transmitter 2 and the absorbed wavelength of the gas-sensitive layers or optodes 12 described below.
  • the gas-sensitive layers or optodes 12 each consist of a chemically largely inert carrier material, preferably a polymer material, and an indicator substance embedded therein or applied thereon.
  • the indicator substance When in contact with certain samples, for example a certain gas and / or gas mixture, the indicator substance shows an interaction in the form of a change in transmission for electromagnetic radiation of a certain wavelength.
  • certain gases and gas mixtures there is a fixed correlation to the degree of absorption of transmitted light.
  • the effectiveness of the gas-sensitive layers has so far been proven for a large number of different gases and gas mixtures, with the smallest gas concentrations thus far detectable being in the range of a few ppb. 13
  • Each of the optodes 12 arranged on the optical waveguide 10 in the exemplary embodiment shown contains an indicator substance sensitive to a specific gas and / or gas mixture and is calibrated by means of previous measurements before installation.
  • the indicator substance contained in the optode 12 changes its absorption for certain wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic ones interacting with it Radiation. Since this wavelength corresponds to a local absorption maximum of the indicator substance, the optical receiver 4 registers a changed amplitude of the received light signal.
  • the height of the absorption maximum in the previously known optodes 12 is proportional to the concentration of the gas.
  • the received light signal can be detected by means of an evaluation unit (not shown here) and forwarded to a signal transmitter, for example.
  • the optodes 12 connected in series are each calibrated to the same substance, so that with a sufficiently long optical waveguide 10 and optodes 12 mounted thereon and spaced apart from one another, detection of a specific gas and / or gas mixture over long distances or within a wide range Area is possible.
  • an optical sensor with only very few components and with only one line, 14
  • a highly sensitive fire detector can be realized.
  • the optical transmitter 2 here a laser
  • a suitable evaluation with regard to the transit times it is also possible to detect the interaction of each individual optode 12 with the gas and / or gas mixture. This makes it possible to record and display the exact location of the interaction and thus the location, for example, of a fire with high accuracy.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic of a variant of an optical sensor in which a plurality of optical fibers 10 are each provided with a plurality of optodes 12, 13, 14.
  • the same parts as in Figure 1 are provided with the same reference numerals and not explained again.
  • three ring-shaped optical waveguides 10 are fed by a common optical transmitter 2.
  • a separate optical receiver 4, 6 and 8 is provided for each of the three optical fibers 10, so that 15
  • the optodes 12, 13, 14 connected to the optical fibers 10 are expediently calibrated and tuned such that the optodes 12 of the first optical fiber 10 are sensitive to a specific gas and / or gas mixture, that the optodes 13 of the second optical fiber 10 to another gas and / or gas mixture are sensitive and that the optodes 14 of the third optical waveguide 10 are in turn sensitive to a different gas and / or gas mixture.
  • Such an arrangement can be expanded almost as desired by additional optical fibers with individually calibrated optodes attached to it.
  • optodes 12, 13, 14 of the same type that is to say sensitive to the same substance, for one optical waveguide 10 each. As in the manner described in FIG. 1, these can be spaced closer or further apart, so that, if necessary, substances can be detected over long distances and within wide areas.
  • the optodes 12, 13, 14 can, for example, be calibrated in such a way that they are sensitive to different combustion gases, which enables more reliable fire detection and avoidance than when using only one combustion gas sensitive optodes 12. In each case in the desired areas To detect all desired substances, it is expedient to lay the three optical fibers 10 in parallel.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further variant of an optical sensor in a schematic illustration.
  • Only one optical waveguide 10 is provided here with a plurality of optodes 12, 13 and 14 which are sensitive to different substances or gases and / or gas mixtures.
  • the optical transmitter 2 at one end of the optical waveguide 10 emits electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range in which the optodes 12, 13 and 14 show a change in transmission upon interaction with a specific gas and / or gas mixture.
  • the optical receiver 4 at the other end of the optical waveguide routes the received signals to an evaluation unit (not shown here), which is able to compare the received signal with respect to the amplitudes at the relevant frequencies with the signal emitted by the optical transmitter 2 and from this 17
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of a structure of an optical waveguide 10 arranged in the beam path between the optical transmitter 2 and the optical receiver 4 with an optode 12, 13, 14 applied thereon.
  • a core 20 of the optical waveguide 10 can be seen, which is encased by a jacket 22 over its entire length. 18th
  • a section 24 or a window 25 is provided in which the core 20 is exposed, that is to say freed from the enveloping jacket 22 and covered or encased with a gas-sensitive layer or an optode 12, 13, 14.
  • the material of the optode 12, 13, 14 expediently has a value for the refractive index (n 3 ) which is approximately that of the core
  • FIG. 5 shows the reflection processes in the optical waveguide 10 in a schematic detailed view. The same parts as in the previous figures are included 19
  • the core 20 with the enveloping jacket 22, which is interrupted at an exemplary section 24, can again be seen.
  • An optode 12, 13, 14 is located there.
  • a light beam 30 shown by way of example is reflected at the interface 21 core-cladding due to the different refractive indices and thus remains in the core 20.
  • the light beam 32 thus also remains in the core 20, but is significantly weakened as it passes through the optode 12, 13, 14 depending on the interaction with a specific substance.
  • this signal weakening can be evaluated as the detection of a substance.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un détecteur optique pour la détermination d'au moins un paramètre physique et/ou chimique d'un échantillon, comprenant au moins un émetteur optique et au moins un récepteur optique et un élément sensible agencé entre au moins un émetteur optique et au moins un récepteur optique et exposé à l'échantillon, et capable de modifier, lors d'un changement de paramètre de l'échantillon, son indice d'absorption et/ou son indice de réfraction pour un rayonnement électromagnétique de longueur d'onde déterminée, en particulier un élément sensible aux gaz et, éventuellement, une unité d'évaluation monté en aval d'au moins un récepteur optique. L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un émetteur optique (2) et au moins un récepteur optique (4) sont couplés, via au moins une ligne à fibre optique (10), avec au moins deux éléments sensibles disposés à distance l'un de l'autre.
PCT/DE1999/000047 1998-04-01 1999-01-14 Detecteur a fibre optique WO1999050650A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19814575.6 1998-04-01
DE19814575A DE19814575A1 (de) 1998-04-01 1998-04-01 Optischer Sensor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999050650A1 true WO1999050650A1 (fr) 1999-10-07

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PCT/DE1999/000047 WO1999050650A1 (fr) 1998-04-01 1999-01-14 Detecteur a fibre optique

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WO (1) WO1999050650A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7046362B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2006-05-16 Trustees Of Princeton University Fiber-optic based cavity ring-down spectroscopy apparatus
US7352468B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2008-04-01 Trustees Of Princeton University Cavity ring-down detection of surface plasmon resonance in an optical fiber resonator
US7318909B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2008-01-15 Trustees Of Princeton University Method and apparatus for enhanced evanescent field exposure in an optical fiber resonator for spectroscopic detection and measurement of trace species
EP2554976A1 (fr) 2011-08-02 2013-02-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Capteur de gaz électro-optique à base d'optodes dotés de structures d'agrandissement de surface

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9001289U1 (de) * 1989-02-17 1990-04-12 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Gassensor
US5343037A (en) * 1993-06-21 1994-08-30 General Electric Company Environmental and physical parameter sensors incorporating polymer-covered fiber field access blocks
EP0718621A1 (fr) * 1994-12-19 1996-06-26 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour distinguer des vapeurs organiques
US5610393A (en) * 1995-07-24 1997-03-11 The Aerospace Corporation Diode laser interrogated fiber optic reversible hydrazine-fuel sensor system and method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9001289U1 (de) * 1989-02-17 1990-04-12 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Gassensor
US5343037A (en) * 1993-06-21 1994-08-30 General Electric Company Environmental and physical parameter sensors incorporating polymer-covered fiber field access blocks
EP0718621A1 (fr) * 1994-12-19 1996-06-26 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour distinguer des vapeurs organiques
US5610393A (en) * 1995-07-24 1997-03-11 The Aerospace Corporation Diode laser interrogated fiber optic reversible hydrazine-fuel sensor system and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BROWNE C A ET AL: "INTRINSIC SOL-GEL CLAD FIBER-OPTIC SENSORS WITH TIME-RESOLVED DETECTION", ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 68, no. 14, 15 July 1996 (1996-07-15), pages 2289 - 2295, XP000623828 *

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Publication number Publication date
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