WO1999046993A1 - Tea tree oil pesticidal compositions - Google Patents
Tea tree oil pesticidal compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999046993A1 WO1999046993A1 PCT/AU1999/000198 AU9900198W WO9946993A1 WO 1999046993 A1 WO1999046993 A1 WO 1999046993A1 AU 9900198 W AU9900198 W AU 9900198W WO 9946993 A1 WO9946993 A1 WO 9946993A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tto
- tea tree
- termites
- tree oil
- termite
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010677 tea tree oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 229940111630 tea tree oil Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 226
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 241000256602 Isoptera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical group OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 119
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 48
- WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Eucalyptol Chemical compound C1CC2CCC1(C)OC2(C)C WEEGYLXZBRQIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- RFFOTVCVTJUTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cineole Natural products C1CC2(C)CCC1(C(C)C)O2 RFFOTVCVTJUTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229960005233 cineole Drugs 0.000 description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 235000021186 dishes Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241000203988 Nasutitermes Species 0.000 description 13
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241001288908 Nasutitermes walkeri Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 8
- 241001509964 Coptotermes Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000197653 Nasutitermes magnus Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003197 gene knockdown Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000400685 Neoleucinodes elegantalis Species 0.000 description 7
- WRYLYDPHFGVWKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-terpineol Chemical compound CC(C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 WRYLYDPHFGVWKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 6
- 241001154938 Microtermes Species 0.000 description 6
- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002316 fumigant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920005439 Perspex® Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 231100000215 acute (single dose) toxicity testing Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241001147381 Helicoverpa armigera Species 0.000 description 4
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000258242 Siphonaptera Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- WRYLYDPHFGVWKC-SNVBAGLBSA-N 4-Terpineol Natural products CC(C)[C@]1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 WRYLYDPHFGVWKC-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010642 eucalyptus oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940044949 eucalyptus oil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000897256 Coptotermes sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000870659 Crassula perfoliata var. minor Species 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000378467 Melaleuca Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000219926 Myrtaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001674048 Phthiraptera Species 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011850 initial investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002424 termiticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001490 (3R)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N (R)-linalool Natural products CC(C)=CCC[C@@](C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002874 Acne Vulgaris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000478345 Afer Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144927 Aloe barbadensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002961 Aloe barbadensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001674044 Blattodea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000254173 Coleoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256113 Culicidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255990 Helicoverpa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000207923 Lamiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019501 Lemon oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001124553 Lepismatidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001514662 Leptospermum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019493 Macadamia oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000721710 Mastotermes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000721708 Mastotermes darwiniensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000366182 Melaleuca alternifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001264681 Melaleuca linariifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005923 Pirimicarb Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000255628 Tabanidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004460 Tanacetum coccineum Species 0.000 description 1
- VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N [(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate;[(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-3-[(e)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl Chemical class CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1.CC1(C)[C@H](/C=C(\C)C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N [2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical group CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940064004 antiseptic throat preparations Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000721 bacterilogical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010627 cedar oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930004069 diterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000078703 ectoparasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008029 eradication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010648 geranium oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019717 geranium oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000171 lavandula angustifolia l. flower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010150 least significant difference test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010501 lemon oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930007744 linalool Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010469 macadamia oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003658 monoterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002324 mouth wash Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octhilinone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC=CC1=O JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFGYUFNIOHWBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirimicarb Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)OC1=NC(N(C)C)=NC(C)=C1C YFGYUFNIOHWBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrethrin Natural products CCC(=O)OC1CC(=C)C2CC3OC3(C)C2C2OC(=O)C(=C)C12 HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940070846 pyrethrins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940015367 pyrethrum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930004725 sesquiterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004354 sesquiterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000851 termiticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000041 toxicology testing Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
Definitions
- TTO tea tree oil
- TTO as a component of a pesticidal composition
- a disinfectant and insecticidal composition comprising 0.25-14% TTO, 0.25-14% of eucalyptus oil together with 10-40% by volume of an alcohol and 5-25% by weight of a wetting agent or surfactant.
- TTO and eucalyptus oil are used together that there is provided a synergistic activity wherein the composition has a broad spectrum range of activity both as a disinfectant and insecticide.
- WO93/17558 which refers to a disinfectant composition
- a disinfectant composition comprising stable aqueous solutions of (a) a blend of biocidally active terpenes such as TTO, (b) one or more biocidally active surfactants, (c) one or more proton donor type biocides, and (d) a salt of mono-, di-, or trihydroxy aliphatic or aromatic acid.
- the TTO contains terpinen-4-ol and 1 ,8-cineole and acts as a carrier for the control of biological fouling.
- Fabric may be treated by cleaning with a surfactant and applying a preferred composition comprising linear alkyl benzene sodium sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, anhydrous sodium citrate, TTO, glycoxal, perfume and water.
- a surfactant for cleaning with a surfactant and applying a preferred composition comprising linear alkyl benzene sodium sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, anhydrous sodium citrate, TTO, glycoxal, perfume and water.
- KATHON WT which is a surfactant.
- J6310495-A describes a 2 formulation for preventing infestation of house mites comprising an extract of plants such as Myrtaceae or their active components, such as mono-, sesqui- and diterpene compounds and an essential oil which are applied to a support for the house mites, such as wood veneer.
- AT9101755-A describes a composition of a solution of ethereal oil from plants of Myrtaceae and Labiatae species together with a vegetable oil carrier which is applied to the skin and hoofs of horses to inhibit the effects of biting insects, such as horseflies as well as parasites inclusive of fungi and mites.
- US5449517 refers to a formulation for killing fleas on fur bearing animals which comprises TTO, aloe vera gel, soap and water which may be used to treat dogs, cats, hamsters and other household pets.
- AU666834 describes TTO vapours as an insecticide against dust mites wherein the vapour is introduced into an air conditioning system.
- TTO for controlling ectoparasites inclusive of fleas, ticks, mites and lice on animals, such as cats and dogs.
- the TTO may be applied in pure form where it is rubbed into the skin to obtain entry to the bloodstream.
- TTO may also be used in compositions containing essential oils or fragrant oils, such as cedarwood oil, lemon oil, geranium oil and lavender oil and macadamia oil.
- a preferred composition is 90-95% water, a vegetable emulsifier and 5-10% by volume of TTO.
- tea tree oil is used currently in a wide range of personal care products inclusive of medicated soaps, liquid soaps, disinfectants, deodorants, antiseptics, hair care products inclusive of shampoos and conditioners, oral hygiene products inclusive of toothpaste and mouthwashes and skin care products inclusive of acne creams, hand creams and sunscreens. TTO is currently included within such products within a range of 0.5-3.0% by weight. It is considered as a broad spectrum anti-microbial substance.
- TTO is active against microorganisms inclusive of S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans.
- Linalool with alpha-terpineol which are components of TTO were found to be active against all of these organisms with the exception of P. aeruginosa.
- Another component, i.e. terpinen-4-ol was found to be active against all of the above micro-organisms.
- TTO is known to be an effective anti-microbial substance as well as having insecticidal properties. This is established in EP734727 wherein it is established that TTO in pure form is active against blood-sucking parasites, such as fleas, ticks, mites and lice in dogs and cats. Reference is also made in this reference to the fact that TTO is active against aphids in plants although no exemplification or support is provided for this statement. In this regard, it is very difficult to provide any predictions as to responses of arthropods inclusive of insects to potential pesticides or 4 insecticides until appropriate testing has been carried out under reproducible and controlled scientific conditions.
- TTO has insecticidal activity against termites.
- termites refers to termites generally or insects of the order Isoptera which also includes Nasutitermes sp, which includes hardwood termites, Coptotermes sp, which includes softwood termites and Mastotermes sp, and, in particular, Mastotermes darwiniensis which is a major tropical termite species.
- TTO also has activity in inhibition of tunnelling by termites.
- the invention provides a method of inducing mortality in termites by application of TTO to plants or habitats populated with these pests.
- the invention also provides a method of inhibition of tunnelling by termites wherein TTO is applied to plants or habitats infected or populated with these pests.
- the TTO is preferably utilized in a composition which may have at least 0.05% of TTO in a suitable vehicle or solvent.
- the composition is a clear aqueous solution which may comprise from 1- 20% surfactant, emulsifier or solubilizing agent. Any suitable surfactant may be utilized such as an ionic amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant.
- a non-ionic surfactant which may comprise a polyoxyethylene surfactant such as sorbitan mono-9-octadecenoate 5 poly(oxy-1 ,2-ethanediyl) derivatives which are marketed under the trade mark POLYSORBATE 80 or TWEEN.
- TTO may be dissolved totally in the surfactant.
- TTO may also be dissolved in suitable solvents inclusive of polar organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol or other polyhydroxy alkanes.
- suitable solvents inclusive of polar organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, ethylene glycol or other polyhydroxy alkanes.
- compositions of the invention may comprise from 0.05-10% and more preferably from 0.1 -5.0% and most preferably 1.0-5.0%.
- Such compositions of the invention may be applied to the insect habitat or plants infected with the insects in the form of a spray or fine droplets which is expelled from a pressurized container as is known in the art.
- the invention also includes within its scope the use of termite barriers which may be formed from soil, sand or other finely divided material which may be used for propagation of termites.
- Such termite barriers may be arranged within or around termite infested habitats for the purpose of eradication of termites or alternatively, such termite barriers may be used for prevention or control of locations which are susceptible to termite infestation.
- Suitable habitats include ground mounds of termites, buildings inclusive of dwellings or even crops.
- TTO treated barriers will have limited penetration by termites and termites after initial contact with the TTO will experience mortality within 24-48 hours.
- the barrier may provide appropriate protection for 30-150 days or more.
- the barriers may be provided with manually operated or automatically operated pressurized injection or distributions systems which may continually apply TTO at suitable concentrations at spaced intervals along the length of barrier or intermediate the height of the barrier.
- pressurized injection or distribution systems can operate on 6 a stand alone basis or may be topped up by outside contractors.
- the pressurized injection or distribution points may include jets, atomized sprays or spargers.
- TTO solutions may be dissolved in a liquefied gas which has the dual role of solvent and propellant and one example of such a product is a range of products marketed under the ENVIROSOL trade mark by BOC Gases which use liquid carbon dioxide at a high pressure, e.g. 5000 kPa.
- propellants including dimethylether chlorinated fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons inclusive of propane, butane and isobutane and nitrous oxide.
- propellants include low pressure gaseous nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide.
- BACTIGAS is a trade mark of BOC Gases.
- Use may also be made of encapsulated TTO preparations wherein, for example, a cyclodextrin is complexed with TTO which reduces its strong odour and makes it less susceptible to oxidation.
- suitable materials that can be used to encapsulate TTO either in its pure form or at a suitable concentration are zeolites and polyamides, which are used as millicapsules.
- TTO tea tree oil
- tea tree oil refers to natural forms of TTO which are obtained from any appropriate Melaleuca species or Leptospermum species, such as, for example, M. alternifolia, M. linariifolia and M. dessitafolia as well as modified extracts thereof.
- TTO Melaleuca species or Leptospermum species
- the term "tea tree oil” also includes constituents such as terpinen-4-ol or other constituents which 7 demonstrate the relevant activity of the invention perse.
- Both high and low cineole formulations were highly efficacious against ground mound termites.
- the low cineole formulation produced 50 and 90% mortality after 48 hour exposure at concentrations of 1.2 and 5.7, 2.3 and 11.7, 0.8 and 2.9 g/L respectively whereas the high cineole formulation produced the same mortalities at concentrations of 1.5 and 8.6, 2.1 and 11.7, 0.6 and 1.6 g/L respectively.
- Little insecticidal activity was, however, found against tomato fruit borer.
- the mortality dose levels obtained are comparable with a number of insecticides, and compare favourably with products such as petroleum spray oils.
- INVESTIGATION 1 Laboratory studies to determine the bioefficacy of tea tree oil against ground mound termites (Nasutitermes exidiosus)
- Desired concentrations were obtained by serial dilution of 10% formulations of both low and high cineole samples of tea tree oil on v/v basis by mixing with distilled water. The serial dilutions were made to obtain responses between 10-99% mortality of the test species.
- Test Species
- the termites were maintained on moistened filter paper in the petri dishes until they were transferred to new petri dishes, which were then placed on the spray tower stage and sprayed. All the emulsions/serial dilutions were thoroughly agitated immediately before spraying. 5 mL aliquots of each concentration were sprayed on each group of termites by the Potter's Spray Tower at 120 kPa inlet and 5 psi outlet air pressure.
- treated termites were placed back into the petri dishes contained moistened filter paper and 10 maintained in a constant environment room (27 ⁇ 2°C temperature and 60-70% relative humidity) until all post treatment observations had been completed.
- Results were analysed using SPSS statistical software which calculated the probit regression and fiducial limits of concentrations and illustrated graphically by plotting graphs with log concentrations and probit transformed mortality using Fig. P software. Results and Discussion
- Table 1 gives the average percentage mortality of termites for each treatment. Dose mortality data show that ground mound termites Nasutitermes exidiosus are susceptible to both low and high cineole samples of tea tree oil. The mortality increased with increasing dose and there was linear correlation between log dose and transformed mortality (FIGS. 1 and 2). High cineole oil was found to be slightly more efficacious than low cineole oil at both 24 and 48 hours mortality assessments. In low cineole, 50 and 90% mortality of termites were obtained at the dose rate of 1.19 and 5.45 g/L at 24 hours and 0.834 and 2.88 g/L at 48 hours exposure respectively.
- INVESTIGATION 2 Laboratory studies to determine the bioefficacy of tea tree oil against tomato fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
- Desired concentrations were obtained by serial dilution of 10% formulations of both low and high cineole samples of tea tree oil on v/v basis by mixing with distilled water. The serial dilutions were made to obtain responses between 10-99% mortality of the test species.
- Test Species
- Table 2 gives the average percentage mortality of larvae for each treatment. Both low and high cineole samples of tea tree oil were not found to be effective in causing mortality to Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Only 16.7 and 22.2% mortality was obtained at the highest concentration, i.e. 10 g/L of low and high cineole respectively. From these assay results, It is concluded out that tea tree oil has little insecticidal potential in killing Helicoverpa larvae.
- INVESTIGATION 3 Laboratory studies to determine the repellency of tree oil against ground mound termites (Nasutitermes exidiosus) Study Objective
- Insecticide free laboratory maintained at 27 ⁇ 2°C temperature and 60- 70% relative humidity.
- Treatment Replication Number (% a . Cone) (Number of Tubes) (Workers * Soldiers)
- Desired concentrations were obtained by serial dilution of 10% formulations of both low and high cineole samples of tea tree oil on v/v basis by mixing with distilled water. The serial dilutions were made for obtaining the repellency response of the test species.
- Test Species
- a liquid 2% agar solution was added to each tube on top of the sand to a depth of 35 mm, then left overnight at 4°C for the agar to set.
- the 25 worker and 5 soldier N. exidiosus were introduced from the petri dishes into each tube in the remaining space at the top of the tube.
- a narrow strip of folded filter paper was provided as source of termite food. Caps were loosely screwed on all tubes, to prevent escape, but allow limited gas exchange.
- the tubes were then placed upside down in racks in a constant environment room (25 ⁇ 2°C temperature and 6- 70% relative humidity) until all post treatment observations had been completed. Each sample was tested at four different concentrations in quadruplicate and included water as control.
- Table 3 gives the mean distance between the end of the termite tunnel and the treated substrate. Within 24 hours of being placed in the tubes, the termites had commenced tunnelling in all treatments, with the distance of tunnelling from the substrate between 21.3 to 26.2 mm.
- termites ceased tunnelling after seven days and all termites died within four to eight days of treatment.
- the mean distance between the end of the tunnel and the substrate was 22 and 21 mm respectively.
- the termites in the 0.01 % concentration rate of treatment all survived the assessment period and were observed tunnelling until the last assessment at 21 days.
- the mean distance between the end of the tunnel and the substrate was only 2 mm.
- the termites in the blank (i.e. surfactant) treatment were all alive and produced multiple tunnels until the last assessment at 21 days.
- Mean minimum distance at this time between the end of tunnels and the substrate was 9.5 mm.
- termites achieved maximum tunnelling and reached the substrate within 14 days of commencement of the experiment. All were alive and active at the last assessment at 21 days.
- Table 4 gives the mean distance between the end of the termite tunnel and the treated substrate. Within 24 hours of being placed in the tubes, the termites had commenced tunnelling in all treatments, and the distance of tunnels from the substrate between 14.5 to 25.5 mm.
- tunnelling had stopped by 14 days and all termites died within 21 days of treatment while several were still alive in the 0.01 % treatment.
- the mean distance between the end of the tunnel and the substrate was 14.3 and 6.8 mm respectively.
- the termites in the blank (i.e. surfactant) treatment and the nil treatment control were all alive on the last assessment at 21 days.
- TTO solutions with concentrations of 0.1 , 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % were prepared from 10% TTO solution to test against Coptotermes, Nasutitermes and Microtermes.
- the control treatment was distilled water.
- a Potter's precision spray tower was used to apply TTO at a constant pressure (125 psi) using 5 ml of each treatment to spray a petri dish (90 mm diameter) containing 10 termite workers on wet filter paper (i.e. wetted with 1 ml distilled water). Each treatment was replicated four times and each study was carried out twice. Elimination of fumigation effects 19
- Finely diced decayed wood particles where Coptotermes sp. had been previously feeding were placed in one side of the barrier and
- TTO concentrations between 0.5-1.0% caused 100% mortality in economically important termite species Nasutitermus exidiosus, N. walkeri, N. magnus (a pest species seen in grave vines) and Coptotermes acinoaciformes.
- TTO also showed fumigant activity causing 100% mortality when termites were confined in petri dishes containing freshly treated filter papers with 1 % TTO. However, fumigant activity did not persist on filter papers after drying and subsequent wetting with water. TTO knocked down all termite species even at lowest concentration of 0.1 % 20 minutes afer the application.
- TTO For soil treated with 4000 ppm TTO, however, the barrier has remained effective for at least 150 days (the latest tested) and 100% mortality in termites occurred within 24-48 hours following exposure to the treated soil. Sand barriers showed even more promising results with low concentrations of TTO. At 1000 ppm, an effective barrier has been maintained for at least 180 days (the latest tested) after the initial treatment. Exposure to the treated sand also resulted in 100% termite mortality within 24-48 hours.
- C. acinaciformes is an important pest primarily of softwood, N. walkeri is a major pest of hardwood in the Sydney region, whereas N. magnus is a prominent species in Central Australia (e.g. Alice Springs). Concentrations of Tea Tree Oil (TTO) for evaluation
- TTO solutions with concentrations of 0.1 , 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % were prepared from 10% TTO solution to test against Coptotermus, N. magnus and N. walkeri.
- the control treatment was distilled water.
- a Potter's precision spray tower was used to apply TTO at a constant pressure (125 psi) using 5 ml of each treatment to spray a petri dish (90 mm diameter) containing 10 termite workers on wet filter paper (i.e. wetted with 1 ml distilled water). Each treatment was replicated four times and each study was carried out twice. Elimination of fumigation effects
- Tables 8-10 show the percentage mortality of all termite species. Even at 0.1 %, TTO caused significantly higher mortality in Coptotermes, N. walkeri and N. magnus when compared with the distilled water control treatment. However, acute toxicity varied with the termite species, with N. magnus showing highest mortality (up to 100%) when sprayed with concentrations between 0.5-0.75% TTO.
- TTO concentrations between 0.5-1 % can cause up to 100% mortality after 48 hrs in termites such as Nasutitermus exidiosus, N. walkeri and Coptotermes acinaciformes when applied as a direct spray.
- INVESTIGATION 8 Assessment on Fumigant Effect of TTO
- Coptotermus workers with few soldiers were introduced into the other side of the barrier. Both ends of the tubes were closed with aluminium foil.
- TTO toxic to termites. Concentrations between 0.5-1 % produced 100% mortality in most termite species. However, in termite control programs, direct application of termiticides on termites cannot be used as the only method of control.
- any candidate product for a termiticide should persist in the soil for a long period of time, eliminating and controlling termite populations and their activity through the soil.
- a compacted soil or sand barrier (40 mm) was created in the middle of perspex tubes (30 mm in diameter and 200 mm in length) using two plastic disks (30 mm diameter) attached to wooden handles. These barriers were further stabilized by pouring a layer (2 mm) of Agar (Agar
- TTO persisted for a longer period than in soil even at low concentrations.
- TTO at 1000 ppm level showed 100% mortality of termites in tubes even 180 days after treatment (Table 15). There was no evidence of initiation of tunnelling in tubes treated with sand barriers containing TTO at 1000 ppm. In control treatments, termites crossed to the wood food source within 24-48 hours after their introduction. Discussion and conclusions
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AU30185/99A AU3018599A (en) | 1998-03-18 | 1999-03-18 | Tea tree oil pesticidal compositions |
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AUPP2440A AUPP244098A0 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 1998-03-18 | Tea tree oil pesticidal compositions |
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AU3723589A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1990-01-04 | Omaryne Proprietary Limited | Therapeutic composition |
WO1996028032A1 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-19 | Currumbin Chemicals Sales Pty. Limited | Disinfectant/insecticide composition containing eucalyptus oil and australian tea tree oil |
-
1998
- 1998-03-18 AU AUPP2440A patent/AUPP244098A0/en not_active Abandoned
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1999
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AU3723589A (en) * | 1988-06-30 | 1990-01-04 | Omaryne Proprietary Limited | Therapeutic composition |
WO1996028032A1 (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-19 | Currumbin Chemicals Sales Pty. Limited | Disinfectant/insecticide composition containing eucalyptus oil and australian tea tree oil |
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