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WO1999040991A1 - Purification de liquides - Google Patents

Purification de liquides Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999040991A1
WO1999040991A1 PCT/IL1999/000088 IL9900088W WO9940991A1 WO 1999040991 A1 WO1999040991 A1 WO 1999040991A1 IL 9900088 W IL9900088 W IL 9900088W WO 9940991 A1 WO9940991 A1 WO 9940991A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
conduit
outflow
impurities
ions
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL1999/000088
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Avi Bar-Haim
Original Assignee
Bar Haim Avi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bar Haim Avi filed Critical Bar Haim Avi
Priority to AU25423/99A priority Critical patent/AU2542399A/en
Publication of WO1999040991A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999040991A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/10—Centrifuges combined with other apparatus, e.g. electrostatic separators; Sets or systems of several centrifuges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
    • C02F1/385—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation by centrifuging suspensions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the purification of liquids.
  • centrifuges are used to improve the former method by adding the centrifugal force to that of gravity, thereby enhancing and accelerating the separation of the different components of an impure or complex fluid.
  • the simplest such centrifugal device is a rotating drum with circumferential filtering holes which is spun to separate a liquid from particulate matter that does not pass through the holes. More sophisticated centrifuges have been devised, such as that disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,149,432.
  • a device for purification of liquids containing contaminant substances which includes: a. a centrifuge device mounted for rotation about a generally vertical rotation axis, which includes:
  • a purified liquid outlet port located along the rotation axis, for permitting the outflow of a purified liquid, after removal therefrom of contaminant substances;
  • a generally circular peripheral conduit mounted so that its axis of symmetry coincides with the rotation axis, and arranged for rotation thereabout;
  • outflow conduit apparatus for permitting outflow of the contaminated liquid from the contaminated liquid inlet port to the peripheral conduit;
  • return flow conduit apparatus for permitting a return flow of the purified liquid from the peripheral conduit to the purified liquid outlet port, b.
  • a contaminated liquid source for supplying to the liquid inlet port, at at least a predetermined pressure, a liquid containing one or more contaminant substances sought to be removed therefrom, thereby to substantially fill the outflow conduit apparatus, the peripheral conduit, and the return flow conduit apparatus, with liquid, so as to cause an outflow of the liquid through the outlet port under pressure, wherein the contaminant substances have a greater density than the liquid; and c.
  • a motor for rotating the centrifuge device at high speed thereby to centrifugally accelerate the liquid and contaminants, such that the contaminant substances are accelerated under an outward force which is greater than the pressure of the return flow of the liquid, and so as to cause the contaminant substances to remain in the peripheral conduit, while the liquid flows from the peripheral conduit, along the return flow conduit apparatus, and discharges through the purified liquid outlet port.
  • a device for purification of carrier liquids containing impurities which includes: a. a centrifuge device mounted for rotation about a generally vertical rotation axis, which includes:
  • a liquid inlet port located along the rotation axis, for permitting the inflow of a liquid containing impurities
  • a purified liquid outlet port located along the rotation axis, for permitting the outflow of a purified liquid, after removal therefrom of impurities
  • a generally circular peripheral conduit mounted so that its axis of symmetry coincides with the rotation axis, and arranged for rotation thereabout;
  • outflow conduit apparatus for permitting outflow of the contaminated liquid from the contaminated liquid inlet port to the peripheral conduit;
  • (v) return flow conduit apparatus for permitting a return flow of the purified liquid from the peripheral conduit to the purified liquid outlet port, b. a liquid source for supplying to the liquid inlet port, at at least a predetermined pressure, a carrier liquid containing impurities sought to be removed therefrom, thereby to substantially fill the outflow conduit apparatus, the peripheral conduit, and the return flow conduit apparatus, with liquid, so as to cause an outflow of the liquid through the outlet port under pressure, wherein the molecules of the impurities have greater atomic weights than those of ions of the carrier liquid; c. apparatus for causing electrical excitation of the ions of the carrier liquid and of the impurities therein, thereby to weaken the electrochemical bonds therebetween; and d.
  • a motor for rotating the centrifuge device at high speed thereby to centrifugally accelerate the carrier liquid and impurities, such that the ions of the impurities, having a greater atomic weight than the ions of the carrier liquid, are accelerated under an outward force which is greater than the pressure of the return flow of the liquid, thereby to cause the ions of the impurities to remain in the peripheral conduit, while the carrier liquid flows from the peripheral conduit, along the return flow conduit apparatus, and discharges through the purified liquid outlet port.
  • the apparatus for causing electrical excitation includes electromagnetic coil apparatus mounted about the outflow conduit apparatus, thereby to apply an electrical field thereacross.
  • the outflow conduit apparatus includes at least one outflow conduit extending radially between the axis and the peripheral conduit, and the electromagnetic coil apparatus includes an electromagnetic coil mounted on each outflow conduit.
  • the electromagnetic coil has associated therewith a pulsed current supply, thereby to cause a pulsed electrical field to be applied to the ions of the liquid flowing through the outflow conduit apparatus.
  • the pulsed current supply provides to the electromagnetic coil a current predetermined to produce power spikes predetermined to cause the electrical excitation of the ions of the carrier liquid and of the impurities therein.
  • the electromagnetic coil is formed of a triple braid of an electrically conductive wire, having threaded therethrough a strand of a polymer fiber with optical energy conductive properties.
  • the polymer fiber is an optic fiber.
  • the method includes: a. providing a centrifuge mounted for rotation about a generally vertical rotation axis, wherein the centrifuge includes
  • a purified liquid outlet port located along the rotation axis, for permitting the outflow of the liquid, after removal therefrom of impurities;
  • a generally circular peripheral conduit mounted so that its axis of symmetry coincides with the rotation axis, and arranged for rotation thereabout;
  • outflow conduit apparatus for permitting outflow of the contaminated liquid from the contaminated liquid inlet port to the peripheral conduit;
  • return flow conduit apparatus for permitting a return flow of the purified liquid from the peripheral conduit to the purified liquid outlet port, b.
  • the step of electrically exciting the ions includes applying a pulsed electrical field to the molecules of the liquid flowing through the outflow conduit apparatus.
  • the step of providing a pulsed electrical field includes applying a pulsed electrical field which produces power spikes predetermined to cause the electrical excitation of the molecules of the carrier liquid and of the impurities therein.
  • Fig. 1 is a detailed cross-section of a device for purifying liquids in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the device of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the device of Figs. 1_ and 2, taken along line 3-3 in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4A is a side-sectional view of an electrical coil seen in Figs. 1 and 2;
  • Fig. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the housing of the coil seen in Fig. 4A, taken along line B-B therein; and
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic enlarged view of the triple braid used in the coil of Figs. 1 , 2, an 4A.
  • Device 10 for purifying liquids, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Device 10 employs a centrifuge, referenced generally 12, which is located within a preferably stationary housing 14, which is preferably capable of sustaining negative pressures therein. Housing 14 is mounted onto a fixed surface as by supports 15.
  • Centrifuge 12 is formed of a rigid tube structure which is arranged for rotation about a central, preferably vertical axis 16.
  • the centrifuge structure is formed of a hollow, axial, main conduit 18 which extends through housing 14, and is sealed therewith by means of any suitable sealing elements 19.
  • the centrifuge structure further has a peripheral, ring-shaped conduit 20; radially extending outflow conduits 22; and radially extending return flow conduits 24. It is seen that main conduit is sealed at its mid-portion 26 so as to prevent flow of liquid therepast, thereby to divide main conduit into an inlet portion 28 and an outlet portion 30.
  • Outflow conduits 22, however, are connected to and enable liquid communication between inlet portion 28 of main conduit 18, and ring-shaped conduit 20; and return flow conduits 24, are connected to and enable liquid communication between outlet portion 30 of main conduit 18, and ring-shaped conduit 20. It is further seen that outflow conduits 22 slope generally downwards, in the direction of flow, towards ring-shaped conduit 20, and that return flow conduits 24 also slope generally downwards, in the direction of flow, away from ring-shaped conduit 20.
  • a liquid supplied to the centrifuge 12 enters inlet portion 28 of main conduit 18, and, once the liquid level passes the top ends 32 (Fig. 3) of outflow conduits 22, enters and flows under gravity therealong, as indicated by arrows 34.
  • Ring-shaped conduit 20 is generally horizontal, and so the liquid entering it tends to flow equally in all directions, until it reaches the top ends 36 of return conduits 24 through which, as indicated by arrows 38 in Figs. 2 and 3, the liquid flows, so as to flow therefrom towards outlet portion 30 of main conduit 18, thereafter discharging through the bottom end 40 of outlet portion 30.
  • each outflow conduit 22 there are preferably also provided a pair of electromagnetic elements 42, one on each outflow conduit 22, so as to facilitate desalination of water and purification of organic liquids, as described hereinbelow.
  • each element 42 is formed of a cylindrical bobbin 44, an electromagnetic coil 46 formed thereabout, a cylindrical outer casing
  • Coil 46 is fully contained inside the bobbin 44, casing
  • coil 46 is formed of a triple braid of an insulated, electrically conductive, preferably copper, wire 52, such as used in electrical transformers, typically having a strand thickness of 0.13 mm, which has threaded therethrough a strand 54 of fiber optic or white nylon having a thickness, typically, of
  • a liquid to be purified is supplied, under moderate pressure, such as 3-4 atmospheres, to main conduit inlet portion 28, from where it passes through outflow conduits 22, towards peripheral conduit 20.
  • a suitable motor 56 (Fig. 1) is arranged so as to rotate main conduit 18, and thus, the entire centrifuge 12, via first and second toothed wheels, 58 and 60, respectively, with respect to housing 14. The rotational speed required varies in accordance with the centrifugal force required; this is discussed hereinbelow, in more detail.
  • Centrifuge 12 is rotated at an angular velocity which is predetermined to cause a fraction of the liquid which has a density greater than a predetermined critical value, to remain in the peripheral conduit 20. This is due to the fact that the "heavier" fraction is accelerated so as to acquire a weight which cannot be overcome merely by the pressure in the centrifuge.
  • Solenoid-operated bleed valves referenced 62, (Fig. 2), are provided in peripheral conduit 20. Bleed valves 62 are opened periodically, thereby to permit the heavier substances accumulating in peripheral conduit 20 to be flushed out of the system. Typically liquid exiting through valves 62 drains down towards a drain (not shown) provided in the lower part of the housing 14.
  • slip rings are of any suitable, known construction, such as may be found in electric motors or alternators, and are thus not described herein, in detail.
  • the slip rings are electrically insulated from the main conduit 18, and insulated electrical wires (not shown) extend along the conduit to the coils 46 and valves 62, as required.
  • centrifugal process is very effective in purifying liquids carrying particle pollutants, sediments, or other undesired dissolved substances, for example, having a density of at least a predetermined critical value, including sand, dust, insects, bacteria, viruses, and so on.
  • the above-described electromagnetic elements 42 are provided in order to help to break down electrochemical bonds between various substances and their carrier liquid, such that, at least those substances having at least a critical mass, as defined above, can be separated from the carrier liquid.
  • the carrier liquid may be a solution of water containing table salt in solution.
  • the present invention may be used, in this example, to separate the relatively heavy sodium and chlorine from the much lighter hydrogen and oxygen.
  • Each electromagnetic element 42 is preferably formed such that the total length of the coiled, braided wires and fiber optic is 37 km, having, by way of example,
  • a pulsed voltage of typically 40 kV is applied across the coil at a typical pulse duration of 0.25 ms, and at a typical repetition rate of 10 pulses per second.
  • the dimensions of the coil 46 are dictated by the size of the tube on which it is mounted, and the strength of the electromagnetic field required.
  • the internal diameter of coil may be 100 mm; the external diameter may be 300 mm; its length may be 80 mm; the thickness of the insulation bobbin 44, outer casing 48, and side walls 50, may be 10 mm.
  • the self-inductance of the coil will be about 2,000 H.
  • the braiding of the coil filaments causes a reduction in the inductive impedance of the coil, which emanates from the reactance of the coil, so as to enable a high energy level to derive from a relatively low voltage, of about 40 kV, as mentioned.
  • the provision of the fiber optic also helps in this regard, utilizing the well known characteristics of fiber optics, thereby accelerating the passage of energy through the coil, so as to further reduce its impedance, within the range of optical frequencies.
  • the electrical resistance is very high; and for a coil whose length is 36 km, as in the present invention, the resistance may be as much as 50 k ⁇ , even without considering the inductive impedance, which may be in the range 6 - 60 k ⁇ .
  • the dissolved salt represented by the symbol NaCI
  • the dissolved salt has a positive ion HCL, and a negative ion NaOH.
  • the bond between the sodium ions and the NaOH ions is stronger than the bond between the sodium ions and the chlorine ions.
  • the water is broken down, and is operative to break down the salt in solution, such that energy is required in order to return the saltwater to its pre-solution state.
  • This may be understood, alternatively, by the fact that the dissolution of salt in water is an exothermic process, while the reverse is an endothermic process, the energy for which is provided by the electrical field generated by the coils.
  • the salt molecules are energized electrically as they pass through the applied field, so that they break apart completely for the duration of passage through the field.
  • the electromagnetic elements 42 are located at the extremities of the outflow conduits 22, whereat the centrifugal acceleration provided by the rotation of the centrifuge is sufficiently great so as to aid separation of sufficiently heavy ions.
  • the relatively heavy fractions of sodium, whose atomic weight is 22.989, and chlorine, whose atomic weight is 35.453, will be accelerated outwardly to the perimeter of the device, and will accumulate there, due to the combination of the centrifugal force and the electrical excitation of the sodium and chlorine ions.
  • the lighter substances however, in this case, hydrogen, whose atomic weight is 1.008, and oxygen, whose atomic weight is 15.999, will return under pressure towards main conduit 18, via return flow conduits 24.
  • centrifugal force required is dependent upon the separation forces required, and can range from 10 g (9.81 m/s 2 ), for a relatively simple liquid/particle suspension, to 10,000g, as needed.
  • the strength of the electromagnetic field is also dependent on the materials that it is sought to purify, and can vary between 100 H and 100 V, to 100,000 H and 100 kV.
  • the device of the present invention is particularly useful in purifying or refining both inorganic and organic liquids which traditionally require highly complex, expensive apparatus, to purify.
  • the present invention provides purification or refining of these liquids at relatively low cost, and in a very efficient manner.
  • the device of the invention may be used for the desalination of sea water, which, as is known, contains a plurality of metals and salts, including sodium, chlorine, potassium, phosphor, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, bromine, aluminum, copper, nickel, cobalt, ferrite, and others. All of these substances have an atomic weight greater than oxygen and hydrogen, thereby allowing them to be separated in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention can be constructed so as to purify 100,000 liters of water per hour, to a state of 12 M ⁇ , at a centrifugal acceleration of 6,000 g.
  • Organic substances that may be refined by the present invention include paraffins, Cn H2n+2, Cn H2n olfines, Cn H2n+10H alcohols, CnH2nO aldehydes and cations, fatty acids, fats, amines and amides, sugars and proteins.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une centrifugeuse (12) servant à purifier un liquide véhicule contenant des impuretés et dans lequel les ions d'impuretés sont plus lourds que les ions du liquide véhicule, et dans lequel les ions du liquide véhicule et les impuretés contenues dans celui-ci sont excités électriquement, afin d'affaiblir les liaisons électrochimiques entre ces ions. Cette centrifugeuse comprend un orifice d'entrée (28) de liquide véhicule, situé le long de l'axe de rotation (16), afin de permettre l'entrée dudit liquide contenant des impuretés, un orifice de sortie (30) de liquide purifié, situé le long de l'axe de rotation, afin de permettre la sortie du liquide purifié, une conduite périphérique (20), généralement circulaire, montée de façon que son axe de symétrie coïncide avec l'axe de rotation (16), et conçue pour tourner autour de cet axe, une conduite de trop-plein (22), permettant la sortie du véhicule liquide entre le port d'entrée du liquide contaminé et la conduite périphérique (20), ainsi qu'une conduite de retour (24) permettant un écoulement de retour du liquide purifié entre la conduite périphérique (20) et le port de sortie (30) du liquide purifié.
PCT/IL1999/000088 1998-02-12 1999-02-11 Purification de liquides WO1999040991A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU25423/99A AU2542399A (en) 1998-02-12 1999-02-11 Purification of liquids

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL123281 1998-02-12
IL12328198A IL123281A (en) 1998-02-12 1998-02-12 Centrifugal device for the purification of liquids and method therefor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999040991A1 true WO1999040991A1 (fr) 1999-08-19

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ID=11071229

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL1999/000088 WO1999040991A1 (fr) 1998-02-12 1999-02-11 Purification de liquides

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2542399A (fr)
IL (1) IL123281A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999040991A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014108411A (ja) * 2012-12-04 2014-06-12 Ihi Corp 固液分離方法及び装置
JP2014108412A (ja) * 2012-12-04 2014-06-12 Ihi Corp 固液分離方法及び装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5149432A (en) * 1991-04-30 1992-09-22 Aaron Lavin Centrifuge for separating liquids of different specific gravities
US5352343A (en) * 1990-10-06 1994-10-04 The University Of Bradford Separation of the components of liquid dispersions
US5593378A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-01-14 Dyck; Howard F. Centrifugal separator for flowable mixtures and having magnets and housing scrapers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5352343A (en) * 1990-10-06 1994-10-04 The University Of Bradford Separation of the components of liquid dispersions
US5149432A (en) * 1991-04-30 1992-09-22 Aaron Lavin Centrifuge for separating liquids of different specific gravities
US5593378A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-01-14 Dyck; Howard F. Centrifugal separator for flowable mixtures and having magnets and housing scrapers

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014108411A (ja) * 2012-12-04 2014-06-12 Ihi Corp 固液分離方法及び装置
JP2014108412A (ja) * 2012-12-04 2014-06-12 Ihi Corp 固液分離方法及び装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2542399A (en) 1999-08-30
IL123281A0 (en) 1998-09-24
IL123281A (en) 2001-04-30

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