WO1998039807A1 - Diode-addressed colour display with lanthanoid phosphors - Google Patents
Diode-addressed colour display with lanthanoid phosphors Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998039807A1 WO1998039807A1 PCT/IB1998/000268 IB9800268W WO9839807A1 WO 1998039807 A1 WO1998039807 A1 WO 1998039807A1 IB 9800268 W IB9800268 W IB 9800268W WO 9839807 A1 WO9839807 A1 WO 9839807A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- diode
- carboxylic acid
- phenanthroline
- oxide
- acetylacetonate
- Prior art date
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- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- BAEVILLEIGDCDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CN=C2C2=C1C(Cl)=CC=N2 BAEVILLEIGDCDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LRMLWYXJORUTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphosphorylmethane Chemical compound CP(C)(C)=O LRMLWYXJORUTBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZSSWXNPRLJLCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diethylphosphorylethane Chemical compound CCP(=O)(CC)CC ZSSWXNPRLJLCDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- POEOLRMDMUNLPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C=CC=N3)C3=C2N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 POEOLRMDMUNLPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QBHDSQZASIBAAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-acetylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 QBHDSQZASIBAAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- NAMDIHYPBYVYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound COCCOCCOC.COCCOCCOC NAMDIHYPBYVYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Natural products CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TUCNEACPLKLKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl Chemical compound C[C]=O TUCNEACPLKLKNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl Chemical group C[CH2] QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IFQUPKAISSPFTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzoylbenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IFQUPKAISSPFTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000695 excitation spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021644 lanthanide ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002601 lanthanoid compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXVGEDCSTKKODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulisobenzone Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(OC)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CXVGEDCSTKKODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000368 sulisobenzone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
- H01J29/18—Luminescent screens
- H01J29/20—Luminescent screens characterised by the luminescent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/182—Metal complexes of the rare earth metals, i.e. Sc, Y or lanthanide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/851—Wavelength conversion means
- H10H20/8511—Wavelength conversion means characterised by their material, e.g. binder
- H10H20/8512—Wavelength conversion materials
Definitions
- Diode-addressed color display with lanthanide phosphors Diode-addressed color display with lanthanide phosphors.
- the invention relates to a diode-addressed color display with a UV diode and a phosphor for illuminated displays, lights, solid-state image intensifiers, screens and monitors and others.
- Color displays for illuminated displays, luminaires, solid state amplifiers, screens and monitors are intended to reproduce color images in true color.
- this object is achieved in that the entire color information of a colored image is represented by information about the three primary colors red, green and blue.
- Additive color mixing can be used to produce any color or white from the three primary colors. This principle is used both by the conventional color television set with a tube from Braunschweig and by the various flat screen technologies such as plasma screens,
- Electroluminescent screen and LCD displays There are also color displays on the market in which the triple color red, green, blue is generated by diode arrays with red, green and blue emitting semiconductor diodes.
- the color-true image reproduction in particular the color-pure reproduction of green and blue, is problematic.
- the development of UV-emitting semiconductor diodes has expanded the possibilities for true-color image reproduction for diode-addressed color displays, since theoretically any color of visible light can be generated from UV light.
- phosphors are used which absorb the UV light and emit it again with a wavelength in the visible range. For this conversion of the UV light into the visible range, it is known to use inorganic pigments as phosphors. For example, it's off
- Such a color display is characterized by a high intrinsic emission quantum yield and a ligand-centered absorption in the near UV and the short-wave visible range between 320 and 450 nm with high extinction coefficients.
- the UV absorption has its maximum at 390 to 320 nm. According to photophysical considerations, these two phosphor properties are actually mutually exclusive. Surprisingly, however, it has been shown that phosphors of the composition LnL 3 X 2 meet both criteria.
- the phosphors according to the invention with the "antenna molecules" L which contain benzophenone or acetophenone as structural elements, have many times higher absorptions than classic phosphors.
- a variation of the ligands L allows the almost linear, independent introduction of high absorptions at different wavelengths into the lanthanoid compounds. Concentration quenching, a general problem with classic phosphors with a high activator concentration, is not observed with the phosphors according to the invention.
- the phosphors according to the invention are molecular compounds and therefore generally readily soluble in polar organic solvents. Their properties can therefore be easily examined in solution and the test results can be transferred to the solid state. The solubility in organic solvents also allows new design concepts for diode-addressed color displays.
- the diode-addressed color display comprises a transparent polymeric coating which contains the phosphorus of the composition LnL 3 X 2 in solid solution.
- the coating is transparent because the light is not scattered on the dissolved phosphor particles.
- the phosphors containing europium or samarium convert the UV radiation into visible red light.
- the terbium-containing phosphor converts to green light, the thulium-containing to blue and the dysprosium-containing to blue-yellow mixed light.
- a color display according to the invention consists of the
- the transparent coating can contain, for example, the phosphorus in a solid solution in a transparent matrix made of polyacrylate, polystyrene, epoxy resin or another polymer.
- LEDs are usually cast in epoxy housings, with the cast-on lens made of epoxy resin serving to improve the coupling out of the light from the diode.
- the phosphor can be applied as a contact layer between the actual diode and the epoxy resin dome. It can also be applied as a coating on the outside of the epoxy resin dome.
- the phosphorus is mixed with the epoxy resin and forms a solid solution with it.
- the diode array can be covered by a glass plate which is printed with fluorescent triplets, each with a red, green and blue glowing dot.
- the red glowing dot contains LnL 3 X 2 as phosphor.
- the UV diode is in particular a UV diode made of InGaN or GaN and has its emission maximum between 370 and 410 nm with a half width FWHM ⁇ 50 nm.
- These complex coordination compounds of the lanthanoids europium, terbium, thulium, dysprosium and samarium contain Eu 3 + , Tb 3 + , Tm 3 + , Dys 3 + and Sm 3 + as the metal center, benzophenone-4-carboxylic acid or its derivatives or benzophenone-4 -acety lacetonate or its derivatives as charged ligands and phenanthroline, 1/2 diphenylphenanthroline, 1/2 4-Cl-phenanthroline, 1/2 bipyridine, 1/2 ethylenediamine, triphenylphosphine oxide, trimethylphosphine oxide, triethylphosphine oxide, 1/2 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether ( diglyme) or ethanol as neutral ligands.
- These coordination compounds have strong optical intraligand transitions and, in addition to absorbing the chelate ligands, are also effective as light antennas.
- the primary excitation by UV radiation leads to a ligand-centered excited state, the energy of which is transferred to the lanthanide ion in a subsequent step and leads to light emission there.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Diodenadressiertes Farbdisplay mit Lanthanoidphosphoren.Diode-addressed color display with lanthanide phosphors.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein diodenadressiertes Farbdisplay mit einer UV- Diode und einem Phosphor für Leuchtanzeigen, Leuchten, Festkörperbildverstärker, Bildschirme und Monitore u.a.The invention relates to a diode-addressed color display with a UV diode and a phosphor for illuminated displays, lights, solid-state image intensifiers, screens and monitors and others.
Farbdisplays für Leuchtanzeigen, Leuchten, Festkörperbild Verstärker, Bildschirme und Monitore sollen farbige Bilder farbgetreu reproduzieren. Technisch wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die gesamte Farbinformation eines farbigen Bildes durch Information über die drei Primärfarben Rot, Grün und Blau dargestellt wird. Aus den drei Primärfarben läßt sich durch additive Farbmischung jede Farbe sowie Weiß herstellen. Dieses Prinzip verwenden sowohl die konventionellen Farbfernseher mit Braunscher Röhre als auch die verschiedenen Flachbildschirmtechnologien wie Plasmabildschirm,Color displays for illuminated displays, luminaires, solid state amplifiers, screens and monitors are intended to reproduce color images in true color. Technically, this object is achieved in that the entire color information of a colored image is represented by information about the three primary colors red, green and blue. Additive color mixing can be used to produce any color or white from the three primary colors. This principle is used both by the conventional color television set with a tube from Braunschweig and by the various flat screen technologies such as plasma screens,
Elektrolumineszenzbildschirm und LCD-Anzeigen. Es sind auch Farbdisplays auf dem Markt, in denen das Farbtripel Rot, Grün, Blau durch Diodenarrays mit rot-, grün- und blauemittierenden Halbleiterdioden erzeugt wird. Problematisch ist hierbei jedoch die farbgetreue Bildwiedergabe, insbesondere die farbreine Wiedergabe von Grün und Blau. Die Entwicklung von UV-emittierenden Halbleiterdioden hat die Möglichkeiten zur farbgetreuen Bildwiedergabe für diodenadressierte Farbdisplays erweitert, da aus UV-Licht theoretisch jede beliebige Farbe des sichtbaren Lichtes erzeugt werden kann. Man verwendet dazu Phosphore, die das UV-Licht absorbieren und mit einer Wellenlänge im sichtbaren Bereich wieder abstrahlen. Für diese Konvertierung des UV-Lichtes in den sichtbaren Bereich ist es bekannt, anorganische Pigmente als Phosphore einzusetzen. Beispielsweise ist es ausElectroluminescent screen and LCD displays. There are also color displays on the market in which the triple color red, green, blue is generated by diode arrays with red, green and blue emitting semiconductor diodes. However, the color-true image reproduction, in particular the color-pure reproduction of green and blue, is problematic. The development of UV-emitting semiconductor diodes has expanded the possibilities for true-color image reproduction for diode-addressed color displays, since theoretically any color of visible light can be generated from UV light. For this purpose, phosphors are used which absorb the UV light and emit it again with a wavelength in the visible range. For this conversion of the UV light into the visible range, it is known to use inorganic pigments as phosphors. For example, it's off
Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. Vol.35(1996) pp.L838-L839 bekannt, ZnS:Ag, ZnS: Cu.Al und ZnCdS:Ag als Phosphore zur Konvertierung des UV-Lichtes von UV-Diode in einem fluoreszentem Farbdisplay einzusetzen. Diese und andere herkömmliche Phosphore wie Y2O3:Eu haben zwar eine hohe Quantenausbeute, ihre Absorption im nahen UV-Bereich, in dem die UV- Dioden emittieren, ist jedoch sehr gering.Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. Vol.35 (1996) pp.L838-L839 known to use ZnS: Ag, ZnS: Cu.Al and ZnCdS: Ag as phosphors for converting the UV light from the UV diode in a fluorescent color display. Although these and other conventional phosphors such as Y 2 O 3 : Eu have a high quantum yield, their absorption in the near UV range in which the UV diodes emit is very low.
Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein diodenadressiertes Farbdisplay mit einer UV-Diode und einem Phosphor zur Verfügung zu stellen, dessen Phosphor eine hohe Quantenausbeute und einen hohen Extinktions- Koeffizienten im nahen UV-Wellenlängenbereich hat und eine farbgetreue BildwiedergabeIt is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a diode-addressed color display with a UV diode and a phosphor, the phosphor of which has a high quantum efficiency and a high extinction coefficient in the near UV wavelength range and a color-true image reproduction
BESTÄΠGUNGSKOPIE erlaubt.CONFIRMATION COPY allowed.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch ein diodenadressiertes Farbdisplay mit einer UV-Diode und einem Phosphor der Zusammensetzung LnL^X;, mit Ln = Eu3 + , Tb + ,Th3 + , Dys3 + , Sm3 + , L = 4-R-4'-benzophenoncarbonsäure mit R = Phenyl, Benzyl, CH3, CF3, C2H5, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3CO; 4-R-4'-benzophenonacetylacetonat mit R = Phenyl, Benzyl, CH3, CF3, C2H5, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3CO; 4-Acetophenoncarbonsäur. , 4- Trifluoracetophenoncarbonsäure, 4-Acetophenonacetylacetonat oder 4- Trifloracetophenonacetylacetonat und X = 1/2 Phenanthrolin, 1/2 Diphenylphenanthrolin, 1/2 4-Cl-phenanthrolin, 1/2 Bipyridin, 1/2 Ethylendiamin, Triphenylphosphinoxid, Trimethylphosphinoxid, Triethylphosphinoxid, 1/2 Diethylenglykol-Dimethylether (diglyme) oder Ethanol.According to the invention the object is achieved by a diode-addressed color display with a UV diode and a phosphor of the composition LnL ^ X ;, with Ln = Eu 3 + , Tb + , Th 3 + , Dys 3 + , Sm 3 + , L = 4- R-4'-benzophenone carboxylic acid with R = phenyl, benzyl, CH 3 , CF 3 , C 2 H 5 , F, Cl, OCH 3 , CH 3 CO; 4-R-4'-benzophenone acetylacetonate with R = phenyl, benzyl, CH 3 , CF 3 , C 2 H 5 , F, Cl, OCH 3 , CH 3 CO; 4-acetophenone carboxylic acid. , 4- trifluoroacetophenone carboxylic acid, 4-acetophenone acetylacetonate or 4- trifloracetophenone acetylacetonate and X = 1/2 phenanthroline, 1/2 diphenylphenanthroline, 1/2 4-Cl-phenanthroline, 1/2 bipyridine, 1/2 ethylenediamine, triphenylphosphine oxide, trimethylphosphine oxide, trimethylphosphine oxide, 1/2 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) or ethanol.
Ein solches Farbdisplay zeichnet sich durch hohe intrinsische Emissionsquantenausbeute und eine ligandenzentrierte Absorption im Bereich des nahen UV und des kurzwelligen sichtbaren Bereiches zwischen 320 und 450 nm mit hohem Extinktions Koeffzienten aus. Die UV-Absorption hat ihr Maximum bei 390 bis 320 nm. Nach photophysikalischen Überlegungen schließen sich diese beiden Phosphoreigenschaften eigentlich gegenseitig aus. Überraschenderweise hat es sich jedoch gezeigt, daß Phosphore der Zusammensetzung LnL3X2 beide Kriterien erfüllen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Phosphore mit den "Antennenmolekülen" L, die Benzophenon oder Acetophenon als Strukturelemente enthalten, verfügen um vielfach höhere Absorptionen als klassische Phosphore. Eine Variation der Liganden L erlaubt die nahezu lineare unabhängige Einführung hoher Absorptionen bei verschiedenen Wellenlängen in die Lanthanoidverbindungen. Konzentrationsquenching, ein generelles Problem bei klassischen Phosphoren mit hoher Aktivatorkonzentration, wird bei den erfindungsgemäßen Phosphoren nicht beobachtet. Die erfindungsgemäßen Phosphore sind molekulare Verbindungen und daher in der Regel gut löslich in polaren organischen Lösungsmitteln. Ihre Eigenschaften lassen sich daher leicht in Lösung untersuchen und die Untersuchungsergebnisse sind auf den festen Zustand übertragbar. Die Löslichkeit in organischen Solventien erlaubt außerdem neue Designkonzepte für diodenadressierte Farbdisplays. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es bevorzugt, daß das diodenadressierte Farbdisplay eine transparente polymere Beschichtung umfaßt, die den Phosphor der Zusammensetzung LnL3X2 in fester Lösung enthält. Die Beschichtung ist transparent, da an den gelösten Leuchtstoffpartikeln das Licht nicht gestreut wird.Such a color display is characterized by a high intrinsic emission quantum yield and a ligand-centered absorption in the near UV and the short-wave visible range between 320 and 450 nm with high extinction coefficients. The UV absorption has its maximum at 390 to 320 nm. According to photophysical considerations, these two phosphor properties are actually mutually exclusive. Surprisingly, however, it has been shown that phosphors of the composition LnL 3 X 2 meet both criteria. The phosphors according to the invention with the "antenna molecules" L, which contain benzophenone or acetophenone as structural elements, have many times higher absorptions than classic phosphors. A variation of the ligands L allows the almost linear, independent introduction of high absorptions at different wavelengths into the lanthanoid compounds. Concentration quenching, a general problem with classic phosphors with a high activator concentration, is not observed with the phosphors according to the invention. The phosphors according to the invention are molecular compounds and therefore generally readily soluble in polar organic solvents. Their properties can therefore be easily examined in solution and the test results can be transferred to the solid state. The solubility in organic solvents also allows new design concepts for diode-addressed color displays. In the context of the present invention, it is preferred that the diode-addressed color display comprises a transparent polymeric coating which contains the phosphorus of the composition LnL 3 X 2 in solid solution. The coating is transparent because the light is not scattered on the dissolved phosphor particles.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung anhand von drei Ausführungsbeispielen weiter erläutert.The invention is illustrated below using three exemplary embodiments explained further.
Ein diodenadressiertes Farbdisplay gemäß der Erfindung umfaßt eine UV- emittierende Diode als Anregungsquelle für UV-Strahlung und einen Phosphor der Zusammensetzung LnL3X2 mit Ln = Eu3 + , Tb3 + ,Tm3 + , Dys3 + , Sm3 + , L = 4-R-4'- benzophenoncarbonsäure mit R = Phenyl, Benzyl, CH3, CF3, C2H5, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3CO; 4-R-4Xbenzophenonacetylacetonat mit R = Phenyl, Benzyl, CH3, CF3, C2H5, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3CO; 4-Acetophenoncarbonsäure, 4-Trifluoracetophenoncarbonsäure, 4-Acetophenonacetylacetonat oder 4-Trifloracetophenonacetylacetonat und X = 1/2 Phenanthrolin, 1/2 Diphenylphenanthrolin, 1/2 4-Cl-Phenanthrolin, 1/2 Bipyridin, 1/2 Ethylendiamin, Triphenylphosphinoxid, Trimethylphosphmoxid, Triethylphosphinoxid, 1/2 Diethylenglykol-Dimethylether (diglyme) oder Ethanol. Die europium- oder samariumhaltigen Phosphore konvertieren die UV-Strahlung in sichtbares rotes Licht. Der terbiumhaltige Phosphor konvertiert in grünes Licht, der thuliumhaltige in blaues und der dysprosiumhaltige in blau-gelbes Mischlicht. Im einfachsten Fall besteht ein Farbdisplay nach der Erfindung aus derA diode-addressed color display according to the invention comprises a UV-emitting diode as an excitation source for UV radiation and a phosphor of the composition LnL 3 X 2 with Ln = Eu 3 + , Tb 3 + , Tm 3 + , Dys 3 + , Sm 3 + , L = 4-R-4'-benzophenone carboxylic acid with R = phenyl, benzyl, CH 3 , CF 3 , C 2 H 5 , F, Cl, OCH 3 , CH 3 CO; 4-R-4Xbenzophenone acetylacetonate with R = phenyl, benzyl, CH 3 , CF 3 , C 2 H 5 , F, Cl, OCH 3 , CH 3 CO; 4-acetophenone carboxylic acid, 4-trifluoroacetophenone carboxylic acid, 4-acetophenone acetylacetonate or 4-trifloroacetophenone acetylacetonate and X = 1/2 phenanthroline, 1/2 diphenylphenanthroline, 1/2 4-Cl-phenanthroline, 1/2 bipyridine, 1/2 ethylenediamine, triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine , Triethylphosphine oxide, 1/2 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) or ethanol. The phosphors containing europium or samarium convert the UV radiation into visible red light. The terbium-containing phosphor converts to green light, the thulium-containing to blue and the dysprosium-containing to blue-yellow mixed light. In the simplest case, a color display according to the invention consists of the
UV-Diode und einer auf diese aufgebrachter transparenten Beschichtung, die den Phosphor enthält. Die transparente Beschichtung kann beispielsweise den Phosphor in einer festen Lösung in einer transparenten Matrix aus Polyacrylat, Polystyrol, Epoxyharz oder einem anderen Polymeren enthalten. Als Massenprodukte werden LEDs üblicherweise in Epoxy-Gehäuse vergossen, wobei die angegossene Linse aus Epoxidharz zur Verbesserung der Auskoppelung des Lichtes aus der Diode dient. Der Phosphor kann bei dieser Ausführungsform als Kontaktschicht zwischen der eigentlichen Diode und dem Epoxyharzdom aufgebracht werden. Er kann auch als Beschichtung außen auf dem Epoxyharzdom aufgebracht sein. Nach einer anderen Ausführungsform ist der Phosphor dem Epoxyharz beigemischt und bildet mit diesem eine feste Lösung.UV diode and a transparent coating applied to it, which contains the phosphorus. The transparent coating can contain, for example, the phosphorus in a solid solution in a transparent matrix made of polyacrylate, polystyrene, epoxy resin or another polymer. As mass products, LEDs are usually cast in epoxy housings, with the cast-on lens made of epoxy resin serving to improve the coupling out of the light from the diode. In this embodiment, the phosphor can be applied as a contact layer between the actual diode and the epoxy resin dome. It can also be applied as a coating on the outside of the epoxy resin dome. According to another embodiment, the phosphorus is mixed with the epoxy resin and forms a solid solution with it.
Große, zweidimensionale Displays können leicht hergestellt werden, indem ein Dioden-Array mit dem Phosphor nach der Erfindung kombiniert wird. Beispielsweise kann das Diodenarray durch eine Glasplatte abgedeckt sein, die mit Leuchtstofftripletts mit je einem rot-, grün und blauleuchtenden Punkt bedruckt ist. Der rotleuchtende Punkt enthält als Phosphor LnL3X2. Die UV-Diode ist insbesondere eine UV- Diode aus InGaN oder GaN und hat ihr Emissionsmaximum zwischen 370 und 410 nm mit einer Halbwertsbreite FWHM < 50 nm.Large, two-dimensional displays can be easily manufactured by combining a diode array with the phosphor according to the invention. For example, the diode array can be covered by a glass plate which is printed with fluorescent triplets, each with a red, green and blue glowing dot. The red glowing dot contains LnL 3 X 2 as phosphor. The UV diode is in particular a UV diode made of InGaN or GaN and has its emission maximum between 370 and 410 nm with a half width FWHM <50 nm.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Phosphore haben die Zusammensetzung LnL3X2 mit Ln = Eu3 + , Tb3 + , Tm3 + , Dys3 + , Sm3 + , L = 4-R-4Xbenzophenoncarbonsäure mit R = Phenyl, Benzyl, CH3, CF3, C2H5, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3CO; 4-R-4'-benzophenonacetyl- acetonat mit R = Phenyl, Benzyl, CH3, CF3, C2H5, F, Cl, OCH3, CH3CO; 4- Acetophenoncarbonsäure , 4-Trifluoracetophenoncarbonsäure , 4- Acetophenonacety lacetonat oder 4-Trifloracetophenonacetylacetonat und X = 1/2 Phenanthrolin, 1/2The phosphors according to the invention have the composition LnL 3 X 2 with Ln = Eu 3 + , Tb 3 + , Tm 3 + , Dys 3 + , Sm 3 + , L = 4-R-4 X benzophenonecarboxylic acid with R = phenyl, benzyl, CH 3 , CF 3 , C 2 H 5 , F, Cl, OCH 3 , CH 3 CO; 4-R-4'-benzophenone acetyl acetonate with R = phenyl, benzyl, CH 3 , CF 3 , C 2 H 5 , F, Cl, OCH 3 , CH 3 CO; 4- acetophenone carboxylic acid, 4-trifluoroacetophenone carboxylic acid, 4-acetophenone acetylacetonate or 4-trifloroacetophenone acetylacetonate and X = 1/2 phenanthroline, 1/2
Diphenylphenanthiolin, 1/2 4-Cl-phenanthrolin, 1/2 Bipyridin, 1/2 Ethylendiamin, Triphenylphosphinoxid, Trimethylphosphinoxid, Triethylphosphinoxid, 1/2 Diethylenglykol- Dimethylether (diglyme) oder Ethanol. Diese komplexen Koordinationsverbindungen der Lanthanoiden Europium, Terbium, Thulium, Dysprosium und Samarium enthalten Eu3 + , Tb3 + , Tm3 + , Dys3 + und Sm3 + als Metallzentrum, Benzophenon-4-carbonsäure bzw. deren Derivate oder Benzophenon-4-acety lacetonat bzw. dessen Derivate als geladene Liganden und Phenanthrolin, 1/2 Diphenylphenanthrolin, 1/2 4-Cl-phenanthrolin, 1/2 Bipyridin, 1/2 Ethylendiamin, Triphenylphosphinoxid, Trimethylphosphinoxid, Triethylphosphinoxid, 1/2 Diethylenglykol-Dimethylether (diglyme) oder Ethanol als Neutralliganden. Diese Koordinationsverbindungen weisen starke optische Intraligand-Ubergänge auf und vermögen neben der Absorption der Chelatliganden auch effektiv als Lichtantennen zu wirken. Die Primäranregung durch UV-Strahlung führt zu einem ligandenzentrierten angeregten Zustand, dessen Energie in einem Folgeschritt auf das Lanthanoidion übertragen wird und dort zur Lichtemission führt. In diesen Verbindungen bleiben die ursprünglichen Absorptionseigenschaften der Liganden weitgehend erhalten und dieDiphenylphenanthiolin, 1/2 4-Cl-phenanthroline, 1/2 bipyridine, 1/2 ethylenediamine, triphenylphosphine oxide, trimethylphosphine oxide, triethylphosphine oxide, 1/2 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) or ethanol. These complex coordination compounds of the lanthanoids europium, terbium, thulium, dysprosium and samarium contain Eu 3 + , Tb 3 + , Tm 3 + , Dys 3 + and Sm 3 + as the metal center, benzophenone-4-carboxylic acid or its derivatives or benzophenone-4 -acety lacetonate or its derivatives as charged ligands and phenanthroline, 1/2 diphenylphenanthroline, 1/2 4-Cl-phenanthroline, 1/2 bipyridine, 1/2 ethylenediamine, triphenylphosphine oxide, trimethylphosphine oxide, triethylphosphine oxide, 1/2 diethylene glycol dimethyl ether ( diglyme) or ethanol as neutral ligands. These coordination compounds have strong optical intraligand transitions and, in addition to absorbing the chelate ligands, are also effective as light antennas. The primary excitation by UV radiation leads to a ligand-centered excited state, the energy of which is transferred to the lanthanide ion in a subsequent step and leads to light emission there. In these compounds, the original absorption properties of the ligands and the
Interligandwechselwirkungen sind schwach. Die koordinative Absättigung des Lanthanoids verhindert die Polymerisationsneigung der Verbindungen, die daher mononuklear vorliegen. Es sind daher molekulare Phosphore im Gegensatz zu den Phosphoren nach dem Stand der Technik, die aus mit Aktivatorionen dotierten Wirtsgittern bestehen.Interligand interactions are weak. The coordinative saturation of the lanthanide prevents the tendency to polymerize of the compounds, which are therefore mononuclear. In contrast to the phosphors according to the prior art, molecular phosphors are therefore composed of host lattices doped with activator ions.
Ausführungsbeispiel 1Embodiment 1
Zur Herstellung von Tb (C14H9O3)3(C2H5OH)2 werden 1.0 mmol TbCl3 aq in 10 ml Ethanol zu einer Lösung von 3.0 mmol Benzophenon-4-carbonsäure (R = H) in 70 ml Ethanol gegeben, Anschließend werden 3.0 mmol NaOCH3 zugegeben und für 2 h bei 60 °C gerührt. Der weiß ausfallende Niederschlag wird abgesaugt und mit Methanol gewaschen und getrocknet.To prepare Tb (C 14 H 9 O 3 ) 3 (C 2 H 5 OH) 2 , 1.0 mmol of TbCl 3 aq in 10 ml of ethanol become a solution of 3.0 mmol of benzophenone-4-carboxylic acid (R = H) in 70 ml Ethanol is added, then 3.0 mmol NaOCH 3 are added and the mixture is stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 h. The white precipitate is filtered off and washed with methanol and dried.
Bei einer Anregung mit 254 nm-Strahlung wurde eine Quantenausbeute von 70% gemessen. Aus dem Anregungsspektrum ist ersichtlich, daß der Phosphor bis 375 nm angeregt werden kann. Ausführungsbeispiel 2When excited with 254 nm radiation, a quantum yield of 70% was measured. It can be seen from the excitation spectrum that the phosphor can be excited up to 375 nm. Embodiment 2
Zur Herstellung von Tb (C14H9θ3)3[(C6H5)3PO]2 werden 1.0 mmolTo produce Tb (C 14 H 9 θ 3 ) 3 [(C 6 H 5 ) 3 PO] 2 , 1.0 mmol
Tb(C14H9O3)3 (C2H5OH)2 mit 2.3 mmol TPPO in 1,2-Dichlorethan bei 50°C für 2 h gerührt. Das zuvor unlösliche Pulver geht dabei langsam in Lösung. Die so erhaltene Lösung kann nach der Filtration direkt weiterverwendet werden und durch Zugabe eines Polymeren wie Polyacrylat oder Polystyrol zu einer dünnen transparenten Beschichtung der UV-Diode verwendet werden.Tb (C 14 H 9 O 3 ) 3 (C 2 H 5 OH) 2 with 2.3 mmol TPPO in 1,2-dichloroethane at 50 ° C for 2 h. The previously insoluble powder slowly dissolves. The solution obtained in this way can be used directly after filtration and can be used to add a polymer such as polyacrylate or polystyrene to a thin transparent coating of the UV diode.
Bei einer Anregung mit 254 nm-Strahlung wurde eine Quantenausbeute von 45 % gemessen. Aus dem Anregungsspektrum ist ersichtlich, daß der Phosphor bis 380 nm angeregt werden kann.When excited with 254 nm radiation, a quantum yield of 45% was measured. It can be seen from the excitation spectrum that the phosphor can be excited up to 380 nm.
Ausführungsbeispiel 3Embodiment 3
Zur Herstellung von Eu (C14H9O3)3(C12H8N2)2 werden 1.0 mmol EuCl3 aq in 10 ml Ethanol zu einer Lösung von 3.0 mmol Benzophenon-4-carbonsäure (R=H) in 70 ml Ethanol gegeben. Anschließend werden 3.0 mmol NaOCH3 zugegeben und für 2 h bei 60 °C gerührt. Der weiß ausfallende Niederschlag wird abgesaugt und mit Methanol gewaschen und getrocknet. Anschließend wird 1 mmol des Produktes zusammen mit 1 mmol 1,10-Phenanthrolin in 50 ml Ethanol gelöst und die Suspension 2 h unter Rückfluß gekocht. Der entstandene Komplex wird abgesaugt und mit Ethanol gewaschen und getrocknet. Bei einer Anregung mit 254 nm-Strahlung wurde eine Quantenausbeute von 73 % gemessen. Aus dem Anregungsspektrum ist ersichtlich, daß der Phosphor bis 375 nm angeregt werden kann. For the production of Eu (C 14 H 9 O 3 ) 3 (C 12 H 8 N 2 ) 2 , 1.0 mmol EuCl 3 aq in 10 ml ethanol become a solution of 3.0 mmol benzophenone-4-carboxylic acid (R = H) in 70 ml of ethanol. Then 3.0 mmol NaOCH 3 are added and the mixture is stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 h. The white precipitate is filtered off and washed with methanol and dried. Then 1 mmol of the product is dissolved together with 1 mmol of 1,10-phenanthroline in 50 ml of ethanol and the suspension is boiled under reflux for 2 h. The complex formed is suction filtered and washed with ethanol and dried. When excited with 254 nm radiation, a quantum yield of 73% was measured. It can be seen from the excitation spectrum that the phosphor can be excited up to 375 nm.
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP52929498A JP3986091B2 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-03 | Diode-type color display with lanthanoid emitter |
| EP98904317A EP0896739A1 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-03 | Diode-addressed colour display with lanthanoid phosphors |
| US09/185,005 US6165631A (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-11-03 | Diode-addressed color display with lanthanoid phosphors |
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| DE19708562.8 | 1997-03-04 | ||
| DE19708562 | 1997-03-04 | ||
| DE19800983.6 | 1998-01-14 | ||
| DE19800983A DE19800983A1 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-01-14 | Diode-addressed color display with lanthanide phosphors |
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| US09/185,005 Continuation US6165631A (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-11-03 | Diode-addressed color display with lanthanoid phosphors |
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| PCT/IB1998/000268 WO1998039807A1 (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-03-03 | Diode-addressed colour display with lanthanoid phosphors |
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| WO (1) | WO1998039807A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6165631A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 2000-12-26 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Diode-addressed color display with lanthanoid phosphors |
| US6656608B1 (en) * | 1998-12-25 | 2003-12-02 | Konica Corporation | Electroluminescent material, electroluminescent element and color conversion filter |
| US6724142B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2004-04-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Highly efficient fluorescent material |
| US7064480B2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2006-06-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Illumination device with at least one led as the light source |
| US7871713B2 (en) | 1998-12-25 | 2011-01-18 | Konica Corporation | Electroluminescent material, electroluminescent element and color conversion filter |
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| EP0446846A2 (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-09-18 | Eastman Kodak Company | Thermally-transferable fluorescent europium complexes |
| JPH05152609A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-06-18 | Nichia Chem Ind Ltd | Light emitting diode |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0446846A2 (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1991-09-18 | Eastman Kodak Company | Thermally-transferable fluorescent europium complexes |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6165631A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 2000-12-26 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Diode-addressed color display with lanthanoid phosphors |
| US6656608B1 (en) * | 1998-12-25 | 2003-12-02 | Konica Corporation | Electroluminescent material, electroluminescent element and color conversion filter |
| US7264890B2 (en) | 1998-12-25 | 2007-09-04 | Konica Corporation | Electroluminescent material, electroluminescent element and color conversion filter |
| US7316851B2 (en) | 1998-12-25 | 2008-01-08 | Konica Corporation | Electroluminescent material, electroluminescent element and color conversion filter |
| US7871713B2 (en) | 1998-12-25 | 2011-01-18 | Konica Corporation | Electroluminescent material, electroluminescent element and color conversion filter |
| US7064480B2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2006-06-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Illumination device with at least one led as the light source |
| US7239082B2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2007-07-03 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Illumination device with at least one LED as the light source |
| EP1970970A2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2008-09-17 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Lighting unit with at least one LED as light source |
| US7821196B2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2010-10-26 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Illumination device with at least one LED as the light source |
| US6724142B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2004-04-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Highly efficient fluorescent material |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0896739A1 (en) | 1999-02-17 |
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