WO1998033951A1 - Composition and method for priming substrate materials - Google Patents
Composition and method for priming substrate materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998033951A1 WO1998033951A1 PCT/US1998/002178 US9802178W WO9833951A1 WO 1998033951 A1 WO1998033951 A1 WO 1998033951A1 US 9802178 W US9802178 W US 9802178W WO 9833951 A1 WO9833951 A1 WO 9833951A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- composition
- formulation
- acid
- solution
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 fatty acid amine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 92
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003254 anti-foaming effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 37
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 7
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006388 chemical passivation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AJXBTRZGLDTSST-UHFFFAOYSA-N amino 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical class CC(=C)C(=O)ON AJXBTRZGLDTSST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004275 glycolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLCAEMBIQVZWIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-2-methylhex-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC=C(C)C(N)=O FLCAEMBIQVZWIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007744 chromate conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrophenyl ethylphosphonate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940032296 ferric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940044631 ferric chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001455 metallic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZNZJJSYHZBXQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2,2-diamine Chemical class CC(C)(N)N ZNZJJSYHZBXQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/52—Treatment of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/02—Local etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/03—Metal processing
- H05K2203/0392—Pretreatment of metal, e.g. before finish plating, etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/06—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
- H05K3/061—Etching masks
- H05K3/064—Photoresists
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/108—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by semi-additive methods; masks therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/38—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
- H05K3/389—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal by the use of a coupling agent, e.g. silane
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to a composition of matter for preparing substrates and more specifically to an improved solution and method for priming metallic sufaces and inner layers used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), chemically milled alloys, and chemically plated alloys.
- PCBs printed circuit boards
- chemically milled alloys chemically milled alloys
- chemically plated alloys chemically plated alloys.
- PCB fabrication requires that substrate materials be processed.
- substrate processing is chemically performed by sequentially coating a variety of chemical solutions onto the substrates. The substrates are commonly rinsed between application of each solution and then undergo a final rinsing and drying cycle.
- PCB processing can include steps in which layers of materials are cleaned, scrubbed, etched, passivated, treated, masked, processed, deposited or various combinations thereof.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a typical four step technique used to chemically clean and prime substrate materials. This cleaning and priming technique is merely illustrative of one of many multi-step techniques typically used in the PCB fabrication industry.
- substrates are coated with an acidic solution which functions as a cleaner and chromate remover for approximately 30 seconds to 5 minutes. This solution is usually applied at a temperature of 100 to 120 degrees fahrenheit. The substrates are then rinsed to remove excess acidic solution.
- the substrates are surface etched by coating the substrates with an etching solution, commonly persulfate or peroxy-sulfuric. Alternatively, the substrates can be physically scrubbed with pumice. Etching removes remaining chromate and roughens the surface structure of the substrate. Etching also assists in adhesion of the resist to the substrate, especially if the substrate has an underlying copper component. The substrates are then rinsed to remove the etching solution or pumice particles.
- the third step varies depending on if the substrate was chemically etched or pumice scrubbed. If chemically etched, the rinse step is followed by immersion in an second acidic solution. Commonly, a 5% to 10% sulfuric acid dip or spray is used to remove oxides which tend to form on etched copper and passivates the copper. Oxide removal slows re-oxidation of the substrates during the final rinse and drying cycle which occurs prior to lamination with resist. If pumice scrubbed, a medium to high pressure rinse is used to remove the pumice particles, which otherwise would typically not be removed.
- the fourth step involves coating the substrates with an oxidation inhibitor and/or adhesion promoter for the resist. Triazole solutions are commonly used for this purpose. The substrates are then rinsed and dried. At this point, the substrates are primed and properly prepared for application of a resist layer.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a compound and method which cleans and primes substrate materials used in the fabrication of PCBs. More specifically, the compound and method cleans, removes chromates, inhibits oxidation, promotes adhesion, inhibits attack by acids and inhibits redeposition on inner layer core substrates and flexible composite materials. The compound can be thus used to reduce the steps required to clean and prime materials used in the fabrication of PCBs to a single step.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to one or more filming amines which have unique properties when combined with a suitable acid or combination of acids. When applied to the processing of copper clad substrate materials, this solution allows for chemical bonding of resist films on smooth, non-surface etched copper and other substrate materials.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention involves a formulation which allows etching of extremely fine lines and spaces found on PCBs without loss of adhesion, undercutting or micro-cracking from the flexing of the substrates.
- composition of matter for use on substrates comprising, by weight, from about .003% to about 3.0% of a film forming amine(s), from about 0.02 to about 10% of a non-ionic surfactant(s), and sufficient acid(s) to produce a pH of less than about 6.5.
- the invention as relates to a method of preparing a primed substrate, comprising preparing a solution comprising from about .003% to about 3.0% of a film forming amine and sufficient acid to produce a pH of less than about 6.5; coating at least a portion of the substrate with the solution; and drying the substrate.
- Another aspect of the formulation of the present invention involves a single solution and method which cleans, inhibit oxidation and promote adhesion in chemically milled alloys and chemically plated alloys.
- FIGURE 1 is four step chemical cleaning and priming process commonly used in the prior art.
- FIGURE 2 is a one step chemical cleaning and priming process in accordance with the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a composition and method of use which primes substrates used in the manufacture of PCBs, chemically milled alloys and chemically plated alloys.
- the composition allows a single step solution to prime inner layer core substrates and flexible composite materials.
- the solution comprises (1) a filming amine or combination of filming amines, (2) an acid or combination of acids, and (3) water.
- a surfactant can be optionally added to assist in cleaning, chromate removal, anti-foaming and wetting of the substrates.
- a substrate is considered to be primed when treated with a cleaner, chromate remover, oxidation inhibitor, adhesion promotor, flexibility enhancer, redeposition inhibitor, etch enhancer, wetting agent or any combination of the above. More preferably, the substrate is considered primed when treated for all of the above applications.
- a filming amine is defined as a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine or derivatives thereof in which the group(s) attached to nitrogen are sufficiently hydrophobic to cause a solution of the amine, when placed upon a substrate having a charge, to form a hydrophobic layer when the pH of the formulation is below 7.
- An acid is defined as a compound that, when placed in pure water with a pH of 7, causes the pH to drop below 7.
- a surfactant is defined as a compound which lowers the surface tension of the formulation.
- Preferable filming amines may be either cationic, amphoteric or nonionic. Neutral and anionic amines may also be used, but do not tend to work well unless used with a strongly acid medium.
- Preferable filming amines may include, but are not limited to fatty acid amines, long chain alkylamines and amino methacrylates. Amines used in the present invention can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art or purchased from any of a number of commercial sources.
- Preferable amines include, but are not limited to, primary, secondary and tertiary amines; diamines; alkylamines; C-8 through C-22 amines; basic mono cyclic tertiary amines; stabilized abietylamines; diaminopropanes; dehydroabietylamines; and ethoxylates, salts, and adducts thereof.
- amines can be obtained from Akzo Chemicals Inc., under the trade ⁇ ame Armeen for primary, secondary and tertiary amines, and under the tradename Duomeen for diamines.
- Fatty acid amines can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art by reacting fatty acids with ammonia or ammonia derivatives.
- the molecular structure of fatty acid amines is characterized by a central nitrogen atom as in ammonia (NH3) having one or all of its hydrogens replaced by a fatty acid group R.
- a fatty acid amine may also be a quaternary amine, wherein the central nitrogen atom is bonded to four fatty acid groups.
- Each fatty acid group, R is a long chain, preferably C8-C22, preferably aliphatic, alkyl group having a terminal carboxylic acid function.
- the alkyl chain(s) of the R group may be unsaturated or have additional substituents.
- this group is strongly hydrophobic.
- the nitrogen atom is hydrophilic, particularly when it has four R groups or three R groups and is protonated.
- one portion of the molecule When dissolved or dispersed in water or non-aqueous solvents, one portion of the molecule is strongly repelled by its surrounding solvent. This repelling force tends to orient the molecules at surfaces or interfaces or cause them to form micelles.
- Preferable fatty acid amines include, but are not limited to, amines having R groups derived from animal and vegetable fatty acids oroils, and oils, such as tall oil, oleic oil, capr ⁇ lic oil and coconut oil.
- Preferable amino methacrylates include, but are not limited to dimethylaminoethiy methacrylate, triethylammoniumethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and methacrylamidoprop ⁇ l trimethylammonium chloride.
- More preferable filming amines are commercially available from Hercules, Inc. Resins Group under the trademark Polyrad. The most preferable Polyrad filming amines are Polyrad 0515 and Polyrad 1110.
- filming amines include organic monobasic cyclic tertiary amines commercially available from Mona Industries, Inc. under the tradename Monazoline. Most preferable Monozlone filming amines are Monozlone T and Monozlone C. Other more preferable filming amines are commercially available from Akzo Chemicals Inc. under the tradename Ethoduomeen. Most preferable Ethoduomeen filming amines are Ethoduomeen T/13, Ethoduomeen T/20 and Ethoduomeen T/25.
- Filming amine properties particularly useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, hydrophobicity, fast film formation, resistance to wash-off, film persistency, oxidation inhibition, adhesion promotion, cleaning, flexibility enhancement and wetting.
- Hydrophobicity results from the attraction between the positive charge on the filming amine and the negative charge characteristic of most substrate surfaces.
- Preferable filming amines form the hydrophobic film, or layer, immediately upon contact with the substrate and resist water wash-off and other film degradation.
- the attraction between the positively charged filming amine and negatively charged substrate surface also causes adsorption and surface modification which assists in oxidation inhibition and adhesion promotion.
- the amphoteric molecular structure of the filming amine provides for molecular orientation at interfaces. This orientation reduces interfacial tension which assists in substrate cleaning and wetting, but also assists in foaming which is not desired.
- the formulation can use one or more filming amines.
- preferable filming amines which create an adequate hydrophobic layer include Polyrad,
- Monozolone and Ethoduomeen More preferable filming amines which create an adequate hydrophobic layer include
- Preferable filming amines which adequately inhibit foaming and wet the substrate include Polyrad and Ethoduomeen. More preferable filming amines which adequately inhibit foaming and wet the substrate include Polyrad 1110 and Ethoduomeen T/25.
- the above-described filming amine(s) are combined with a suitable acid or combination of acids.
- the acid(s) should be capable of reducing the formulation below a pH of 7 when introduced to the filming amine. Strong acids are preferred to weak acids only to the extent that a strong acid will reduce the formulation below a pH of 7 while introducing less acid, by volume, into the formulation than a weak acid.
- compositions which acids possess which are particularly useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, chromate removal, resistance to wash-off, adhesion promotion, cleaning, oxidation inhibition, flexibility enhancement, redeposition inhibition and wetting.
- the formulation may use one or more acids.
- preferable acids for chromate removal include organic and inorganic acids. More preferable acids include phosphoric, sulfonic, and hydroxyacetic. Most preferable acids include hydrochloric, sulfuric, methane sulf onic and sulfamic. These acids are most preferred because of the rapid speed at which they attack and removes the chromate layer on the substrates.
- Preferable acids for resistance to wash-off and adhesion promotion include organic acids and inorganic acids.
- More preferable acids include formic, malonic, cuccinic, aspartic, mallic, acetic, citric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfonic, methane sulfonic, sulfamic and hydroxyacetic. Most preferable acids are gallic, maieic and funamric.
- the formulation preferably comprises from about 0.0008% to 8.0%, by weight, of a filming amine(s) and an acid(s) capable of dropping the pH below 7. More preferably, the formulation comprises from about 0.003 to about 3.0%, by weight, of a filming ami ⁇ e(s) and an acid(s) capable of dropping the pH below 6.5.
- the filming amine(s) and acid(s) When mixed, the filming amine(s) and acid(s) form cationic molecules with a strong positive charge which readily bond to negatively charged substrates. This bonding forms a hydrophobic layer on the substrates.
- the acid(s) removes chromate formed on the substrates and assists in strengthening the hydrophobic bond.
- the hydrophobic bond also inhibits acidic attack of the substrates to which it is bonded, but does not inhibit acidic attack on non- charged surfaces (such as a chromate layer portion of the substrate).
- the combination of the filming amine(s) and acid(s) forms a hydrophobic layer which assists in the removal of chromate from substrate materials.
- the combination of the filming amine(s) and acid(s), forms a fast film forming, wash-off resistant, film persistent, hydrophobic layer which removes chromate conversion coatings from substrates and copper clad inner layer core materials and flexible composites.
- the combination also functions as a cleaner, oxidation inhibitor, adhesion promotor, flexibility enhancer, redeposition inhibitor and etch enchancer.
- the formulation further comprises a carrier, or solvent, for the filming amine(s) and acid(s).
- the solvent preferably comprises deionized water. Ordinary tap water can be used, but is not preferred because of the extraneous metallic ions which may be found in tap water. Distilled water is not as preferred as deionized water only because of its relatively high cost.
- Organic solvents such as but not limited to, glycol ethers and alcohols may be used in addition to water. Organic solvents are particularly useful to help solubilize filming amines with higher molecular weights. However, organic solvents are typically considered volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by government agencies.
- the formulation optionally further comprises a surfactant.
- the surfactant increases cleaning activity, assists in chromate removal, functions as a wetting agent and/or reduces foaming of the formulation.
- the surfactant lowers the surface tension of the formulation, preferably to less than 70 dynes/cm2, more preferably to less than 50 dynes/cm2 and most preferably to less than 30 dynes/cm2.
- Preferable surfactants are commercially available from Rhone-Poulene under the tradename Antrox. More preferable surfactants include Antrox LF 224 and Antarox BL-214.
- the surfactant inherently increases cleansing activity and chromate removal by lowering the surface tension of the formulation. That is, the surfactant allows for quicker removal of contaminants such as, but not limited to, fingerprints, oils, greases, dirt and the like.
- the surfactant also speeds up the removal of the chromate layer by causing the acidic portion of the formulation to more efficiently wet the chromate.
- a non-ionic surfactant with an inverse solubility can also reduce foaming of the formulation. When the cloud point of the surfactant is reached (which occurs when the formulation is heated as detailed below) the surfactant begins to separate from the formulation and behave in an oil-like manner. This separation characteristic helps inhibit foaming. This anti-foaming property is especially preferred if the substrates are sprayed with the formulation.
- an etching component can be added to the formulation to speed chromate removal and/or roughen the substrate and thereby functions as an adhesion promoter for the resist.
- Preferable etching components include, but are not limited to, iron salts, peroxides and acids. More preferable etching components include ferric chloride and cupric chloride.
- Colorants or dyes can be added to the formulation to, among other purposes, identify the formulation.
- Stabilizers can be added to the formulation to, among other purposes, stabilize the formulation.
- Perfumes can be added to the formulation to, among other purposes, cover or remove the odor of the formulation.
- other ingredients can be added to the formulation to assist in priming the substrate, including but not limited to, cleaning, chromate removal, oxidation inhibition, adhesion promotion, flexibility enhancement, redeposition inhibition, wetting or any combination of the above.
- the preferred components of the priming formulation of the present invention comprise a filming amine(s) which is mixed with an appropriate acid(s) in amounts adequate to form a hydrophobic layer on the substrate and remove a chromate layer on the substrate.
- Water is preferably used as the solvent and a surfactant can be optionally added to aid in the cleaning, anti-foaming or wetting of the substrates. Examples of the formulation are provided below:
- EXAMPLE 1 The formulation was made by placing about 20 gallons of deionized water into a clean 50 gallon mixing tank at ambient room temperature. About 20 ounces, by weight, of Polyrad 0515 filming amine was added and stirred into the water. Then, hydrochloric acid was mixed into the solution so that the concentration of the acid, by volume, was about 50% and the concentration of the filming amine, by weight, was about .28%. About 5 pounds of Antarox LF 222 (a surfactant) was then mixed into the solution.
- the formulation was made by placing about 20 gallons of distilled water into a clean 50 gallon mixing tank at ambient room temperature. About 18 ounces, by weight, of Polyrad 0515 filming amine was added and dispersed into the water. An additional 18 ounces of Polyrad 1110 filming amine was then added and dispersed into the tank to give an amine content of about 0.5%. Next, a 70% hydroxyacetic acid solution (commercially called glycolic acid) was slowly added until the solution became clear and no particles were unreacted to form a hydroxyacetic acid salt. Then, muriatic acid was mixed into the solution so that the volume of the acids was about 50% and the concentration of the filming amine was about 0.5%
- the formulation was made by placing about 20 gallons of deionized water into a clean 50 gallon mixing tank at ambient room temperature. Monazolone T filming amine and muriatic acid was added to the tank and mixed in amounts sufficient to make the concentration of Monazoline about 0.6% and the concentration, by volume, of muriatic acid about 25%. Then, about 22 pounds, or 5% by weight, of Ferric Chloride hexahydrate was added (as an etching agent). The solution was then mixed until clear.
- EXAMPLE 4 The formulation was made by placing about 2 gallons of tap water into a clean 5 gallon mixing tank at ambient room temperature. About 2 ounces, by weight, of Monazolone T filming amine was mixed with acetic acid until neutralization. Next, about 20%, by volume, of muriatic acid and 30%, by volume, of phosphoric acid was mixed into the tank. The resulting solution was then 50%, acid by volume, and about 0.08, by weight, of a filming amine. About 1 % of Antarox LF 224 was mixed into the solution as a nonionic wetting agent.
- EXAMPLE 5 The formulation was made by mixing about 16 gallons of distilled water and about 4 gallons of isopropyl alcohol into a clean 50 gallon mixing tank at ambient room temperature. About 18 ounces, by weight, of Ethoduomeem T/13 filming amine was added so that the concentration, by weight, of the filming amine was about 0.3%. About 1 % of Antarox BL-214 was mixed.
- EXAMPLE 6 The formulation was made by mixing about 20 gallons of deionized water into a clean 50 gallon mixing tank at ambient room temperature. About 20 ounces, by weight, of Ethoduomeem T/13 filming amine was added. Maleic acid was then added until neutralization. Hydrochloric acid was then added to a final acid concentration of about 50%, by weight. About 2% of Antarox LF 222 was mixed into the solution. Next, about 0.001 % FD&C Blue if , dye, about 0.001 Uranine dye and about 10%, by volume, of diethylene glycol butyl ether was added.
- the formulation of the present invention is preferably prepared in the following manner.
- a formulation comprising 1 filming amine, 1 acid and 1 surfactant is detailed.
- a clean 50 gallon container is filled with approximately 20 gallons of distilled water at ambient room temperature.
- Approximately 20 ounces, by weight, of Polyrad 0515 filming amine is added and stirred into the container. Stirring is preferably performed by a conventional stirring blade for approximately 10 minutes so that the filming amine is adequately dispersed in the water. When adequately dispersed, the solution becomes hazy and the filming amine particles dissociate from themselves.
- a formulation comprising 1 filming amine and 2 acids is detailed the solution detailed.
- a clean 50 gallon container is filled with approximately 20 gallons of deionized water at ambient room temperature.
- Approximately 20 ounces, by weight, of Polyrad 0515 filming amine is added and stirred into the container. Stirring is preferably performed by a conventional mixing blade for approximately 10 minutes so that the filming amine is adequately dispersed in the water.
- the solution is hazy and the filming amine particles dissociate from themselves.
- approximately 0.1 gallons, by volume, of hydroxyacetic acid is added and stirred into the container for approximately 10 minutes or until the mixture is neutralized. The solution is adequately stirred when its appears clear.
- the solution may be optionally heated to facilitate neutralization.
- approximately 25 gallons of hydrochloric acid is then added to the container until the final amount of the hydrochloric acid, by volume, in the solution is about 50%.
- the formulation is preferably prepared in the above-described manner, stored in containers and diluted on-site for application onto substrates.
- the formulation is preferably diluted to 1 % - 25%, by volume, of its original percentage quantities and more preferably 5% - 20% and most preferably about 10%.
- a 10% dilution (for exemplary purposes) of the formulation is performed by the following steps.
- a 50 gallon container is filled with 45 gallons of water, preferably distilled.
- the container is preferably constructed of plastic or composites. Metal is not as preferred because it is more reactive than plastic or composites and is more readily attacked by the acid(s) in the formulation.
- the water is heated to approximately 55 - 125 degrees fahrenheit and more preferably 75 - 105 degrees fahrenheit and most preferably 85 - 95 degrees fahrenheit.
- 5 gallons of the formulation is then added and stirred into the container. Stirring is preferably performed by a conventional mixing blade for approximately 5 minutes so that the formulation is adequately dispersed in the water as described above.
- the temperature of the resulting diluted formulation is preferably readjusted to a temperature of 90 - 150 degrees fahrenheit and more preferably 100 - 130 degrees fahrenheit and most preferably 110 - 120 degrees fahrenheit.
- the diluted formulation can now be applied to a substrate.
- Formulations of other concentration percentages can be prepared in a manner similar to that disclosed above.
- Formulation concentrations will vary depending on several factors. Once such factor includes the time duration which the formulation will be in contact with the substrate. Typical contact times range from about 10 seconds to about 10 minutes.
- Another factor includes the thickness of the chromate layer. Chromate thickness varies among substrates and among substrate manufactures from about 0.001 to about 5 millimeters.
- Another factor which affects the preferred concentration percentage is the temperature at which the formulation is applied to the substrate. In general, the higher the temperature, the faster the chromate removal process is performed. Containers ranging in sizes from 1 gallon to 5,000 gallons can be used to prepare the diluted formulation. This range is mostly dependent upon the size and quantity of the substrates as well as the rate of speed and time duration which the substrates are in contact with the formulation.
- the formulation disclosed herein functions as, but not limited to, a cleaner, chromate remover, oxidation inhibitor, adhesion promotor, flexibility enhancer, redeposition inhibitor, etch enhancer, wettor or any combination of the above.
- the formulation loosens and removes fingerprints, oils, greases, dirt, contaminants and the like on substrates. This provides an initial cleaning of the substrates before or as a part of substrate priming and subsequent processing.
- the formulation also functions as a chromate remover. Chromate is removed from the substrate by the acid portion of the formulation and more specifically by the free hydrogen atoms therefrom.
- the formulation also functions as an oxidation inhibitor. Oxidation is inhibited by the hydrophobic layer formed by the formulation onto the substrate which functions as barrier between the substrate and oxygen sources such as acid fumes and the environment.
- the formulation also promotes adhesion of resists to the substrates.
- the hydrophobic layer which displaces the chromate on the substrate functions as a chemical bonding agent for resists.
- Resists usually comprise photoresists or screen inks and are typically applied after the substrate is primed to define the circuit images. Adhesion is especially improved when the formulation is applied to copper clad substrate surfaces. This adhesion greatly reduces, if not entirely eliminates, problems arising from marginal adhesion to thin substrates.
- the formulation also dispenses with the requirement for a surface etch.
- Surface etches commonly performed on substrates used in PCB processing.
- a surface etch is not required due to the strength of the chemical bond between the filming amine layer and the resist.
- the strength of the chemical bond is especially strong when the substrate is metallic, except for chrome.
- copper material can be used as a substrate because of the substantial reduction in copper removal from the substrate.
- an etching component such as an iron salt, can be mixed with the formulation or incorporated into the formulation to provide faster chromate removal and/or greater adhesion of the resist (as discussed above).
- the formulation also functions as a redeposition inhibitor. Redeposition of chromate, contaminants and the like is inhibited by the hydrophobic filming amine layer which the formulation forms onto the substrates.
- the formulation also functions as a flexibility enhancer.
- photoresists suffer the catalytic effect of the metal at the copper/resist interface. This catalytic effect, after exposure to actinic radiation in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, can cause free radical polymerization at the adhesion boundary. This results in a certain degree of brittleness which interferes with adhesion and flexibility of the film. Brittleness hinders removal of the last molecular layer of resist from the copper during stripping.
- photoresists bonded to the hydrophobic layer created by the formulation do not contact the copper, allowing the copper to retain significant flexibility after exposure to actinic radiation. If a neutral screen ink is used instead of a photoresist, no such catalytic effect occurs. Flexibility of the copper substrate provides resistance to cracking and breaking of the substrate or portions thereof when flexed.
- the process of using the formulation to prime substrate materials used in PCB fabrication comprises preparing the formulation, coating at least a portion of the substrates with the formulation, rinsing the substrates and then drying the substrates. This process is detailed below. Preparing the formulation, whether in concentrated or diluted form, is performed as explained above.
- the substrates can then be coated with the formulation in a variety of ways, such as, but not limited to immersion, spraying, or waterfaliing.
- the container which holds the formulation is preferably dimensioned and arranged to be integrated into an assembly line type operation so that substrate coating is also part of the assembly operation.
- the preferred immersion time varies between 20 seconds to 5 minutes and more preferably until the chromate layer is removed and the substrate achieves hydrophobicity.
- the coating step is repeated as many times as necessary (or the substrate is coated as long as required) to adequately coat the substrate as explained above.
- the substrate is then preferably rinsed to remove formulation residue and prevent spotting.
- rinsing is not required.
- Rinsing is performed by coating the substrates with a solution, such as, but not limited to water, organic solvents and the like.
- the substrates are rinsed with distilled water or isopropyl alcohol (ISA), and more preferably deionized water. Deionized water is more preferred due to its lack of ions, cleansing speed, relatively low cost and ease of implementation into assembly operations.
- the rinse step is repeated as many time as necessary to adequately remove formulation residue.
- the substrate is then preferably dried so that the substrate can be further processed without undesired dripping and to prevent spotting.
- the substrates are heat dried with forced air. Forced heated air is preferred due to its speed, relatively low cost and ease of implementation into assembly operations.
- other drying techniques can be used, such as, but not limited to chemicals such as ISA, ambient air, centrifuges and the like.
- the formulation can also applied to chemical milling processes.
- Chemical milling refers in general to fabricating metallic alloys. More specifically, chemical milling refers to processing large metallic sheets into small, discrete metallic components with intricately dimensioned patterns or voids, such as lead frames.
- Chemical milling involves applying a resist to a front and/or rear side of the metallic sheet.
- the metallic sheet is then exposed to actinic radiation in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. This exposure causes the areas unprotected by the resist to be developed away, that is, completely etched through.
- the metallic sheets include nickel-iron alloys, copper, nickel, cobalt, combinations thereof or the like.
- the formulation of the present invention allows a single solution to, among other purposes, clean, inhibit oxidation and promote adhesion of alloys used in chemical milling manufacture.
- the cleaning, oxidation inhibition and adhesion promoting properties of the formulation are described above.
- the formulation is prepared and applied in the same manner as detailed above.
- the metallic sheets can thus be coated with the formulation or a diluted percentage thereof as described above before application of the resist.
- the formulation can also applied in chemical plating processes.
- Chemical plating refers in general to processing metallic alloys. More specifically, chemical plating refers to depositing metallic alloys onto substrate materials.
- Chemical plating involves applying a resist to a substrate or portions thereof. After the resist is applied, the substrate is exposed to actinic radiation in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. This exposure causes the areas unprotected by the resist to be developed away and subsequently plated. By this process, discrete metallic alloys, such as copper, tin, lead, nickel and gold and patterns thereof can be plated to substrate.
- the formulation of the present invention allows a single solution to, among of purposes, clean, inhibit oxidation, protect the substrate and promote adhesion of alloys used in chemical plating manufacture.
- the cleaning, oxidation inhibition, substrate protection and adhesion promoting properties of the formulation are described above.
- the solution is prepared and applied in the same manner as detailed above.
- the acid most preferable is H2S04.
- the substrates can thus be coated with the solution before application of the resist.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98904927A EP1017881A1 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Composition and method for priming substrate materials |
JP53323198A JP4189609B2 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Compositions and methods for priming substrate materials |
AU62681/98A AU6268198A (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Composition and method for priming substrate materials |
CA002278580A CA2278580A1 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Composition and method for priming substrate materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3662797P | 1997-01-31 | 1997-01-31 | |
US60/036,627 | 1997-01-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1998033951A1 true WO1998033951A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
Family
ID=21889686
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/002178 WO1998033951A1 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Composition and method for priming substrate materials |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1017881A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4189609B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6268198A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2278580A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW388194B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998033951A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001020059A3 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-09-27 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing a conductor pattern on a dielectric substrate |
EP1780309A1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-02 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Composition and method for improved adhesion of polymeric materials to copper or copper alloy surfaces |
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- 1998-01-30 CA CA002278580A patent/CA2278580A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-30 AU AU62681/98A patent/AU6268198A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-30 JP JP53323198A patent/JP4189609B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-30 WO PCT/US1998/002178 patent/WO1998033951A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 006 (C - 0900) 9 January 1992 (1992-01-09) * |
Cited By (5)
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WO2001020059A3 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-09-27 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing a conductor pattern on a dielectric substrate |
US6806034B1 (en) | 1999-09-10 | 2004-10-19 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Method of forming a conductive pattern on dielectric substrates |
EP1780309A1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-02 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Composition and method for improved adhesion of polymeric materials to copper or copper alloy surfaces |
WO2007048559A1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-03 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Composition and method for improved adhesion of polymeric materials to copper or copper alloy surfaces |
US8192636B2 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2012-06-05 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Composition and method for improved adhesion of polymeric materials to copper alloy surfaces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1017881A1 (en) | 2000-07-12 |
AU6268198A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
CA2278580A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
JP4189609B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 |
JP2001511218A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
TW388194B (en) | 2000-04-21 |
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