+

WO1998018991A1 - Piece de serrage et mode de fabrication - Google Patents

Piece de serrage et mode de fabrication Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998018991A1
WO1998018991A1 PCT/EP1997/005961 EP9705961W WO9818991A1 WO 1998018991 A1 WO1998018991 A1 WO 1998018991A1 EP 9705961 W EP9705961 W EP 9705961W WO 9818991 A1 WO9818991 A1 WO 9818991A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clamping
clamping device
handle
profiles
sections
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/005961
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Heiland
Original Assignee
Christoph Heiland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Christoph Heiland filed Critical Christoph Heiland
Priority to DE59703972T priority Critical patent/DE59703972D1/de
Priority to AT97950038T priority patent/ATE202808T1/de
Priority to EP97950038A priority patent/EP0935688B1/fr
Publication of WO1998018991A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998018991A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F55/00—Clothes-pegs
    • D06F55/02—Clothes-pegs with pivoted independent clamping members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clamping device with two clamping jaws, each of which merges into a grip section and is connected to one another in the transition region by a crossbar.
  • This clamping device can be a clamp in which, in the non-actuated state, the clamping jaws are preferably in contact with one another under a pretension, while the handle sections are spread apart, or a clamp in which the clamping jaws are opened or not in the actuated state are spaced.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such clamping devices.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide clamping devices of the type under consideration, which can be produced at low cost.
  • the clamping device or its half profiles is made in one piece from plastic, for example PVC, POM, PC or PP, the handle sections being designed as hollow chamber profiles.
  • the material consumption is considerably reduced, and despite the thin wall thicknesses, a high degree of rigidity of the handle sections and / or clamping jaws can be achieved.
  • the clamping jaws are also designed as hollow chambers.
  • the clamping device is a clip, the clamping jaws of which are opened against spring force by the fact that the handle sections
  • Connection areas of the clamping jaws on both sides with their adjoining grip sections which are preferably symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the clamping device, are connected to one another with a crosspiece shaped and dimensioned in such a way that the elasticity of the opened clamping jaws brings them back into the closed state when the grip sections are released .
  • the handle sections are forced apart by a spring device, for which purpose, for example, a metal clip or a plastic clip can be arranged between the handle sections in the tensioned state.
  • the spring device is formed by extensions which are formed on the ends of the handle sections and bent inwards, which extend at an angle to one another and preferably rest against one another with their free ends. However, they can also be connected to one another at the ends.
  • the inwardly bent extensions preferably enclose an angle of 60 to 90 ° between them and are pressed against each other when the jaws are opened so that they finally abut against one another along their straight ends, with this elastic deformation resulting in a considerable restoring force which the jaws strongly press against each other when the handle sections are released.
  • the jaws of the clamping device according to the invention can, however, also be opened in their non-actuated state, preferably spread apart, so that they form approximately an X-shape together with the likewise spread apart grip sections, in which the leg length of the clamping jaws is, however, preferably smaller than that of the grip sections.
  • the clamping device forms a clamp, the clamping jaws of which are pressed apart by the handle sections are pressed against each other, for example, to seal a hose or bag in this state.
  • the handle sections are connected to a spreading device which not only presses the handle sections apart to close the jaws, but preferably can maintain the closed state of the jaws.
  • the spreader device has two webs connected to the ends of the handle pieces via weakened sections or film hinges, which are connected to one another by at least one further weakened section or film hinge, the two webs having an overall length in an aligned arrangement , which is slightly larger than the distance between the free ends of the handles when closed.
  • the film hinges have such a large restoring force that the webs in the over-dead center position, which is pressed inward, exert such a spreading force on the handle sections that the clamping jaws remain closed under pretension.
  • the film hinges therefore do not allow the webs to move freely with respect to one another and with respect to the handle sections, but instead, after being displaced beyond the dead center, assume a fixed position in which they push the handle sections apart. This position can also be defined by stops on the handle sections and the webs.
  • a handle is arranged in the connecting area of the two webs, which is connected on both sides to the ends of the webs by a film hinge or a weakened section. This grip protrudes outwards and can be designed as a hollow body.
  • the spreading device thus consists of the sequence film hinge-web hinge-grip piece-film hinge-web hinge-film hinge and facilitates the opening of the clamp by the webs on the Pull the handle beyond the dead center position into the release position. It goes without saying that the clamp does not necessarily have to be equipped with such a handle, rather the dead center position of the webs can also be released in that the handle sections are compressed laterally if the dimensions of the handle sections and webs are selected accordingly.
  • the clamping devices or their half profiles in the plastic extrusion process.
  • the plastic extrusion process is particularly advantageous because in this way a plastic strand of any length can be extruded with the (half) profile of the clamping device, from which after cooling, the clamping devices are cut off in the desired widths or broken off at predetermined breaking points and, if necessary, connected to one another.
  • the clamping devices according to the invention can thus be manufactured particularly inexpensively, since a separate tool is not required in each case for the different widths.
  • this method offers the possibility of creating a prestress in the profile after the extrusion, with which the clamping jaws abut one another.
  • This bias can be in a calibration zone, e.g. a water bath in which the e.g. already partially hardened handle sections spread or pressed towards each other between rollers.
  • the invention accordingly provides universal clamps and universal clamps which can be produced in different widths with one and the same tool if the particularly preferred extrusion process is used.
  • Different biases of the clips can be created in a calibration process after extrusion, so that the clips are used both to hold thin objects (such as a sheet of paper) can also serve relatively thick objects (such as a stack of paper).
  • a softer material can be co-extruded at the holding or clamping points in order to increase the slip resistance.
  • the clamp according to the invention can thus be operated comfortably with one hand.
  • FIG. 1A to IC a first embodiment of a clip according to the invention in a perspective view and an end view in the closed and in the open state;
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C show a second embodiment of a clip in a perspective view and an end view in the closed and in the open state
  • 3A to 3C show a third embodiment of a clip in a perspective view and an end view in the closed and in the open state
  • FIG. 4A to 4C a clamp according to the invention in a perspective view and an end view in the open and closed state;
  • Fig. 5 is a bracket, the halves of which are mirror images in
  • Plastic extrusion processes are produced and then connected to a one-piece component by welding;
  • Fig. 6 shows a modified embodiment
  • Spring device is molded or used
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show a further modified embodiment of the clamp, the preferred co-extrusion process being illustrated in the left half, while a snap connection of the transition region is shown in the left half; and Fig. 8 shows a further modified embodiment of the
  • Clamping device wherein an identical, extruded base part is connected to form a multiple clamp.
  • FIG. 1A shows a first clamp profile extruded as a strand.
  • the lines 1 in the figure indicate that, for example, a large number of staples can be cut off from the strand in the width given by the spacing of the lines 1 or broken off at embossed predetermined breaking points, but the staple can also have the entire width shown.
  • the hole 2 is provided, with which the clip can be hung on a hook, for example.
  • the first embodiment of a clip according to the invention designated overall by reference number 3, contains two clamping jaws 4, which are designed as hollow body profiles with a small wall thickness and have approximately the shape of a flat segment of a circle. At their upper end section in the figure, the clamping jaws 4 merge into a handle section 6 in a transition region 5, which is also designed as a hollow chamber profile with a thin wall thickness. In the transition area 5, the two clamping jaws 4 are connected to one another with their molded-on grip sections 6 by a cross piece 7.
  • the bracket 3 is formed symmetrically to its longitudinal central axis 8, which also applies to the other embodiments.
  • the clamping jaws 4 can, for example, have different profiles on the inside or outside.
  • the inside of the jaws can have tooth profiles, smooth profiles, round or, for example, serrated recesses, as well as special additional recesses for certain holders.
  • FIG. 1B shows the non-actuated state of the clamp 3, in which the two clamping jaws 4 bear against one another with a pretension caused by the elasticity of the transverse webs 7.
  • the clamping jaws 4 are opened in that the grip sections 6, which in the initial state diverge at an acute angle, are pressed towards one another.
  • the crossbar 7 is elastically deformed, which causes a corresponding restoring force.
  • pressure can be exerted on the inner sides of the handle sections 6, for example by roller pressure, in order to generate a pretension with which the clamping jaws 4 bear against one another in the non-actuated state of the clamp 3 shown in FIG. 1B.
  • the clip according to FIGS. 2A to 2C differs mainly from the first embodiment in that the closing force of the clip in the state of FIG. 2B is increased by a spring clip 9, which forces the handle sections 10 apart.
  • the spring clip 9 is expediently made of metal, but it can also be a plastic clip. Of course, other types of leaf springs or a coil spring can also be used.
  • the grip sections 10 In the area adjacent to the clamping jaws 4, the grip sections 10 have a hollow chamber profile P and hook-shaped inwardly bent ends 11, which serve to hold the spring clip 9.
  • Figure 2C shows the compressed state of the two handle sections 10, which opens the jaws 4 and compresses the spring clip 9, so that it develops a large restoring force.
  • the handle sections 10 are connected in one piece to a spring device, which is formed by extensions 12 which are bent inwards Handle sections 10 are formed.
  • the free ends of the extensions 12 abut against one another (reference number 13), which can be accomplished by initially extruding the extensions 12 continuously, ie connected to one another, and cutting them open in a later step.
  • the extensions 12 can remain connected to one another.
  • the desired restoring force of this spring device can be set by a suitable choice of the wall thickness of the extensions 12 and of the transition region 14.
  • the extensions 12 form an angle of approximately 60 ° with one another, without the invention being restricted to this.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C show a clamp in which, in contrast to the clamps described above, the clamping jaws designated here 15 are opened in the non-actuated state of the clamp according to FIG. 4B, i.e. are spread apart.
  • the clamp 16 can be handled and closed with one hand by pushing a handle 17 outward from the starting position shown in FIG. 4B, with the handle sections 10 spreading, the handle sections 18 additionally being bent outwards when the clamping jaws 15 abut one another, before the ends Snap the molded webs 19 into the over-center position shown in FIG. 4C.
  • the closed state of the jaws 15 is reliably maintained.
  • the webs 19 are connected via film hinges 20 to the upper ends of the handle sections 18, although these film hinges allow the webs 19 to pivot from the position shown in FIG. 4B into the locking position of FIG. 4C, but no further due to their remaining wall thickness and thus rigidity Allow pivoting inwards, which would otherwise open the jaws 18. This means that the film hinges are formed by areas of reduced wall thickness, but still one have such rigidity that the state of FIG. 4C is maintained.
  • the closed state of the clamp according to FIG. 4C can be released by pulling the handle 17 upwards in the figure, or lateral pressure can be exerted on the handle sections 18, whereby the webs 19 with the additional additional spreading of the handle sections 18 upwards be relocated.
  • the clamping jaws 4 and 15 are designed such that they come into contact with one another with a short clamping surface 22.
  • the invention is of course not limited to this, rather the inner and outer surfaces of the clamping jaws can have all appropriate contours.
  • a softer surface 23 ' can also be co-extruded in the upper, outer area of the handle sections 18, likewise in the connecting area 5 for forming the crossbar 7 or also the spring device 9 or 12.
  • the design of the hollow chamber profiles P with webs 18 'running transversely to the direction of actuation is also important here, since in this way a particularly high rigidity of the handle sections or the clamping jaws is achieved despite the very thin wall thicknesses of the boundary walls and correspondingly reduced material consumption.
  • a defined pretension can be achieved by welding the two half profiles 3 'of the clamping device.
  • FIG. 6 shows a modified embodiment in which a spring device 12, similar to that in FIG. 3, is also molded on.
  • the spring device 12 can consist of two individual spring legs or a continuous leg arch.
  • a separate bow spring 9, as in FIG. 2C, can also be used to increase the pretensioning force.
  • FIG. 7B A further embodiment of the clamping device is shown in FIG. 7B, since the two half profiles 3 ′ of the clamping device 3, which are integrally joined in the transition area, are likewise identical and can be joined together by a snap connection 30.
  • the walls running in the direction of extrusion in the transition area 5 are compressed on the one hand in the inner part of the snap connection 30, while the identical, encompassing part is forced apart. As a result, a considerable preload is applied to the clamping device 3.
  • the two half-profiles 3 'joined together to form the one-piece clamping device 3, which in turn are preferably produced by the extrusion process, are mirror images of one another and thus a rigid, in Cross-section of a diamond-shaped joint or, in the case of a cylindrical cross-section, a ball-head joint.
  • FIG. 8 shows a variation of the clamping device 3, the clamping device 3 equipped with hollow chamber profiles P for reducing the material consumption being combined to form a multiple clamp and thereby being able to be expanded as desired.
  • This allows multiple bags or stacks of paper to be clamped together.
  • more than three such jaws can also be provided, in the illustration on the right with three jaws, for example, the middle jaw can also be arranged “over head”, so that this means that clamping can also be carried out not only in the area below, but also in the upper area.
  • the handle portion is also used as a clamping jaw.
  • This double use offers further possible uses, for example by clamping the upper area to a clothes line, while in the two lower clamping areas two socks or similar items of laundry can be clamped in pairs but separately from one another.
  • the halves shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 can also be connected to one another by gluing, in particular in a continuous process, even if the wedge welding is carried out directly after the extrusion is preferred.
  • a clamping device 3 is thus achieved with a minimal expenditure of material, which ensures high rigidity and clamping force despite the thin walls.
  • the respective pretensioning force can easily be varied for the various purposes, for example by the amount of the connecting force in the transition area 5 or by the inclination of the connection point 5 'in the transition area 5, as shown in the second position from the left in FIG. 5.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur une pièce de serrage (3) à deux mâchoires ou plus (4), qui se rejoignent dans une partie en tenailles (6) et, dans cette zone de transition (5), sont reliées les unes aux autres par une traverse (7). Pour une fabrication à un prix avantageux, il est proposé que la pièce de serrage (3) ou son demi-profilé extérieur (3') soit conçue en un seul bloc de plastique présentant une multitude de profilés creux (P). Selon le procédé d'extrusion préféré, on obtient un monofilament de plastique comportant ces profilés creux (P), les pinces étant chacune sectionnées dans les largeurs voulues. On peut ainsi fabriquer à bon marché, en utilisant un simple outil de façonnage, des agrafes et des pinces de différentes largeurs.
PCT/EP1997/005961 1996-10-29 1997-10-29 Piece de serrage et mode de fabrication WO1998018991A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59703972T DE59703972D1 (de) 1996-10-29 1997-10-29 Klemmeinrichtung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
AT97950038T ATE202808T1 (de) 1996-10-29 1997-10-29 Klemmeinrichtung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
EP97950038A EP0935688B1 (fr) 1996-10-29 1997-10-29 Piece de serrage et mode de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19644822.0 1996-10-29
DE19644822A DE19644822A1 (de) 1996-10-29 1996-10-29 Klemmeinrichtung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998018991A1 true WO1998018991A1 (fr) 1998-05-07

Family

ID=7810245

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1997/005961 WO1998018991A1 (fr) 1996-10-29 1997-10-29 Piece de serrage et mode de fabrication

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0935688B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE202808T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19644822A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998018991A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2351231A (en) * 1999-06-22 2000-12-27 Norman Charles Cornelieus West Multi-fingered hair clip
US6886982B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2005-05-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Article of manufacture resulting from automated assembly of a multi-part closure device with a product
US6904646B2 (en) * 2002-09-13 2005-06-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multi-part closure device
US6959523B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2005-11-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for automating the attachment of a clip to a product
US7517577B2 (en) 2002-02-22 2009-04-14 Woodbridge Foam Corporation Attachment device
US7559100B2 (en) 2003-08-20 2009-07-14 Woodbridge Foam Corporation Cover attachment device
CN104704160A (zh) * 2012-08-02 2015-06-10 弗朗茨·约瑟夫·迪特哈特 保持纺织件以用于洗涤过程和/或干燥过程的夹持装置
US20150308033A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2015-10-29 Sbi Global Pty Ltd Fastener for hanging clothes
CN114369933A (zh) * 2022-01-20 2022-04-19 雷关东 一种晾晒用夹

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20010939U1 (de) * 2000-06-27 2000-09-21 Müller-Peddinghaus, Reiner, Prof. Dr., 51467 Bergisch Gladbach Stopper
EP1454691A1 (fr) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-08 Willemin Machines S.A. Dispositif de serrage muni d'articulations élastiques

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB639708A (en) * 1948-07-28 1950-07-05 Blackfriars Rubber Company Ltd An improved clothes peg or the like
US3629912A (en) * 1970-04-13 1971-12-28 Chem Rubber Co Clamp and method of making same
CH540378A (de) * 1970-03-19 1973-08-15 Hunziker Erhard Klammer
FR2178248A1 (fr) * 1972-03-23 1973-11-09 Eugenio Benito D
EP0075761A1 (fr) * 1981-09-26 1983-04-06 Hans-Peter Dirschnabel Pince à linge pour la fixation de linge sur des cordes à linge
FR2540900A1 (fr) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-17 Delahousse R Pince a deux positions stables, du type pince a linge

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1486831A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-09-28 Betterwear Prod Ltd Clothes pegs
ATA526879A (de) * 1979-08-01 1982-07-15 Brandauer Gerwin Dr Einstueckige klammer aus kunststoff
EP0359936A1 (fr) * 1988-08-26 1990-03-28 Wella Aktiengesellschaft Pince plastique en une seule pièce
DE4416635A1 (de) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-16 Kolbe & Co Hans Klemmhalterung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB639708A (en) * 1948-07-28 1950-07-05 Blackfriars Rubber Company Ltd An improved clothes peg or the like
CH540378A (de) * 1970-03-19 1973-08-15 Hunziker Erhard Klammer
US3629912A (en) * 1970-04-13 1971-12-28 Chem Rubber Co Clamp and method of making same
FR2178248A1 (fr) * 1972-03-23 1973-11-09 Eugenio Benito D
EP0075761A1 (fr) * 1981-09-26 1983-04-06 Hans-Peter Dirschnabel Pince à linge pour la fixation de linge sur des cordes à linge
FR2540900A1 (fr) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-17 Delahousse R Pince a deux positions stables, du type pince a linge

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2351231A (en) * 1999-06-22 2000-12-27 Norman Charles Cornelieus West Multi-fingered hair clip
GB2351231B (en) * 1999-06-22 2003-06-18 Norman Charles Cornelieus West Multi fingered hair clip
US7517577B2 (en) 2002-02-22 2009-04-14 Woodbridge Foam Corporation Attachment device
US7815992B2 (en) 2002-02-22 2010-10-19 Proprietect L.P. Attachment device
US6886982B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2005-05-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Article of manufacture resulting from automated assembly of a multi-part closure device with a product
US6904646B2 (en) * 2002-09-13 2005-06-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Multi-part closure device
US6959523B2 (en) 2002-09-13 2005-11-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for automating the attachment of a clip to a product
US7559100B2 (en) 2003-08-20 2009-07-14 Woodbridge Foam Corporation Cover attachment device
CN104704160A (zh) * 2012-08-02 2015-06-10 弗朗茨·约瑟夫·迪特哈特 保持纺织件以用于洗涤过程和/或干燥过程的夹持装置
US20150308033A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2015-10-29 Sbi Global Pty Ltd Fastener for hanging clothes
US10000886B2 (en) * 2012-12-14 2018-06-19 Sbi Global Pty Limited Fastener for hanging clothes
CN114369933A (zh) * 2022-01-20 2022-04-19 雷关东 一种晾晒用夹

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19644822A1 (de) 1998-05-14
ATE202808T1 (de) 2001-07-15
DE59703972D1 (de) 2001-08-09
EP0935688B1 (fr) 2001-07-04
EP0935688A1 (fr) 1999-08-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2502663C2 (de) Befestiger
DE3003141C2 (de) Klemmschelle
EP0575026B1 (fr) Dispositif de serrage
DE1291561B (de) Befestigungselement
DE69616248T2 (de) Zuglasche für Reisverschluss
EP0253154B1 (fr) Dispositif pour assembler du papier
DE2520115B2 (de) Spreizbare metallduebelhuelse
EP0935688B1 (fr) Piece de serrage et mode de fabrication
DE69608002T2 (de) Verfahren zum Befestigen von Bauteilen einer Zusammenstellung
DE69212963T2 (de) Selbstspannende Klemme
DE2022136B1 (de) Haltegurt fuer Befestigungsmittel und Verfahren zum Herstellen des Haltegurtes
DE2142087C3 (de) Verbindungselement zum Verspleißen isolierter elektrischer Leitungen
DE60019108T2 (de) Vorrichtung zum schliessen von schlauchschellen
DE3606140C2 (fr)
DE2255320C3 (de) Befestigungsschelle
DE3435587C2 (de) Blindniet
DE2842598A1 (de) Blind-befestigungselemente
EP1218642B1 (fr) Rivet a expansion et procede permettant de le produire
DE2826874C2 (de) Verbundprofil sowie Verfahren und Werkzeuge zu seiner Herstellung
DE1211032B (de) Befestigungselement
DE10056387A1 (de) Kühlvorrichtung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie Vorrichtungzur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE60300018T2 (de) Herstellungsverfahren von Crimpbaren metallischen Querstänge für Trageschnüre
EP1227252B1 (fr) Rivet aveugle et procédé de sa production
EP3408467B1 (fr) Branche de profilé et profilé d'arête pour enduits
DE2741875A1 (de) Verbesserungen an buerstenhaltern mit feder, die aus sich selbst aufrollendem, elastischem band besteht

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09297406

Country of ref document: US

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1997950038

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1997950038

Country of ref document: EP

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1997950038

Country of ref document: EP

点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载