WO1998017745A1 - Composition de carburant - Google Patents
Composition de carburant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998017745A1 WO1998017745A1 PCT/GB1997/002763 GB9702763W WO9817745A1 WO 1998017745 A1 WO1998017745 A1 WO 1998017745A1 GB 9702763 W GB9702763 W GB 9702763W WO 9817745 A1 WO9817745 A1 WO 9817745A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- additive
- fuel according
- diesel
- clear liquid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical group [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PQQAOTNUALRVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);diformate Chemical group [Fe+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O PQQAOTNUALRVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940038597 peroxide anti-acne preparations for topical use Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 64
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 44
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940075894 denatured ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 aldehyde peracids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013142 basic testing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZNDQCACFUJAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyltridecan-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZNDQCACFUJAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000406607 Hypoaspis miles Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282374 Puma concolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ALZOLUNSQWINIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinmerac Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(Cl)C=CC2=CC(C)=CN=C21 ALZOLUNSQWINIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
- C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
- C10L1/2225—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates hydroxy containing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel composition and in particular to such a liquid composition to be burned in an engine such as an internal combustion engine, e.g. a petrol or Diesel engine or any engines designed to perform with liquid fuels.
- an engine such as an internal combustion engine, e.g. a petrol or Diesel engine or any engines designed to perform with liquid fuels.
- the invention proves a fuel composition including a fuel miscible additive selected to solubilise the fuel and the additive and any water present to form a clear homogenous composition.
- the preferred additive of this invention is a non-ionic surfactant and preferably a blend of surfactants. It is a preferred feature of this invention that the surfactants be selected by their nature and concentration that the additive (as well as any water or other non-fuel liquid present) be solubilised within the fuel. For this purpose it is convenient to have regard to the hydrophilic-lipophilic (HLB) of the surfactant, the value being calculated according to the expression
- HLB mol.wt of hydrophilic chain x 20 total mol. wt
- the values will depend on the length of the hydrophilic chain, typically an ethoxylate chain.
- the length of the chain will increase the extent of solubilisation because of a greater ability to solubilise.
- a blend of surfactants is preferred, preferably by selecting one appropriate to the fuel, say 10 to 18 for hydrocarbon fuel, most preferably 13.
- the HLB value of the surfactant is between 3 and 7, most preferably about 4.
- the addition of surfactants normally create ratios of 1:1 or high volume emulsions or 5:1 ratios when the solubalisation is required at 1 :100.
- the invention has the ability to unify the HLB requirements of any liquid fuel which in turn allows for one dose to be used in any fuel from C5 carbon chains up.
- the benefit being the amount of treatment directly related to the co-solvency ability (as per enclosed charts).
- the charts show three different combinations of additive allowing a cost comparison to performance requirement.
- the monolayer aspect of the invention requires the concentration of the additive to be very low, typically of the order of 0.5 - 1:1000, preferably about 1:1000, most preferably 1:1200 there appears to be no technical or economic benefit in adding more unless a co-solvent dual action is required, when the priority will be dosage against performance.
- the additive preferably comprises of the following:
- the three ingredients must be added as per fuel and molecule production process.
- the ethoxylate of the fatty acid makes up about 25% by volume of the additive and further preferably the alcohol ethoxylate comprises 50% by volume of the additive.
- An additive of the invention may be added to a hydrocarbon fuel, e.g. Diesel or petrol or alcohol which may or may not be contaminated with water.
- a hydrocarbon fuel e.g. Diesel or petrol or alcohol which may or may not be contaminated with water.
- the invention is seen to particularly good effect when added to synthetic fuels based on low fraction oils.
- the invention provides a fuel composition comprising a light weight fraction and including an additive miscible with the fuel selected to solubilise the fuel and the additive and any water present to form a clear homogenous composition.
- the presence of the additive of the invention ensures that the fuel composition forms a consistent stable homogenous composition and creates a monolayer simoultenously a result of which leads to a better more complete burn which reduces pollution and increases miles per gallon.
- a blended fuel particularly alcohol based, is able to combust more precisely with a cooler charge to reduce the iron-formates present from the aldehyde peracids and peroxide reactions normally attributable to engine degredation.
- the invention provides a method of forming a stable composition
- adding the three specified ingredients e.g. as an additive as defined to a fuel in a volume ratio of about 0.5-1:1000.
- the addition ratio is about 1 :1000, most preferably about 1 :1200.
- a method of running an engine adapted to use a alcohol-based fuel comprising adding to the fuel a miscible additive selected to solubilise the fuel and the additive so eliminating the deposit of by-products formed during the combustion of the fuel.
- the preferred alcohol ethoxylate will be straight chained primary linear and 3 mols of EO per.mol of alcohol as the precision in calculation is much more precise and the absorbant powers of the micelle is increased with the extra additions of ethoxylates.
- the primary and linear alcohol must be a minimum of 80% w/w as the balance of predominantly isomers are considered a contaminant and not helpfull to the ethoxylation process.
- the diethonanolimide should be a super amide which is identifyable as having a ratio of 1:1 fatty acid to diethanolamine as the 2:1 ratio contain 10% free amine esters and the nature of process allows this contamination which is not helpfull to the balancing of the polymer.
- Super Amide MUST be blended with either Fatty Acid Ethoxylate or Alcohol Ethoxylate.
- the fatty acid is preferrubly a C14 acid and is not manufactured by polyethylene glycol method as the free PEGS inhibit the ethoxylation process and upset the HLB balance.
- oil soluble primary alcohol ethoxylate (mean 2.75mols ethylene oxide; mol alcohol) available as NEODOL 91/2.5, predominatley Cg-C ⁇ ; mol.wt about 270 1 litre
- the stock was heated to 55 to 58°C as per the diagram to form a 2 litre stock solution.
- a Mercedes Mi l l basic test engine was cleaned and prepared for testing to record any changes in reference gasoline without additive and with additive at a treatment rate of 1 :1000.
- a Bench Test was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions to ascertain Fuel Consumption and Emission Performance at 1,800 r.p.m. and 2,500 r.p.m. part throttle and also measuring Power Curve and Torque Curve Performance, using RF83 reference European non-additised fuel, with all measurements recorded to NAMAS Criteria.
- the engine was a MERCEDES 2 liter Ml 11 Bench Engine suitable for unleaded fuel, fitted with a Catalytic Converter. (All figures quoted are on measurements prior to Catalytic Converter). The results showed CO reduced on average by 11.3% at 2,500 r.p.m. PT and 14.34%o Maximum.
- Nox There are three ways to reduce Nox: a) The less air the less nitrogen b) The lower the temperature of the charge the less Nox c) The better the delivery of fuel the less Nox
- Power Curve shows a power curve measuring within repeatability the same power with less fuel and less air which reduces CO2 and Nox.
- Torque Curve shows a torque curve measuring within repeatability the same power with less fuel and less air which reduces CO2 and Nox.
- a specific variety of fuels from premium grade gasoline, industry standard diesel and various alcohol blended fuels were selected and from each 100 ml were transferred to each of twelve 200 ml measuring cylinders for reference to the phase separation caused by saturation of water to the polymer. The optimal being two titrations previous to the phase.
- Example 5 After the introduction of each titration the solution was gently stirred for twenty seconds. The resultant effect was left for ten minutes to settle before visible results were recorded. Example 5.
- the vehicle used was a 1993 California certified Mercury Cougar with 26,333 Miles on the odometer. This vehicle is equipped with a 3.8 litre engine with an SFI fuel system and has an inertia weight of 38,875 lbs. this vehicle was supplied by the test laboratories at Roush Laboratiries, Los Angeles, California and was prepared by them for the test.
- a chassis dynamometer similar to a Clayton Water Break model was used in accordance with Federal Test Procedure CFR40 also known as the LA4 test.
- the soak time from pre-condition to test was 15 hours, the soak temperature was 76° F and the barometer H.g. was 29.85 .
- the soak time from pre-condition to test was 20.5 hours, the soak temperature was 76° F and the barometer H.g. was 29.82 .
- the pre-conditioning consisted of a LA4 test drive lasting 505 seconds plus 873 seconds.
- the engine used was a Mercedes Ml 11 and was supplied by the test laboratories at the Associated Octel Co. and details were recorded to N.A.M.A.S. standards.
- Fuel consumption was measured by weighted control which was fed by the simulated fuel tank and was accurate to 100 mi's.
- results shown are for testing at 2,500 rpm in August 1995 and at a complete retest in November 1995 the results shown are at 1,800 rpm using RF83 fuel which is of a tighter specification than RF08.
- the two graphs show overall percentage black smoke reduction of 66% and using a smoke unit conversion chart the particulate matter reduction equals
- Fast Idle Test N 3 1 Fast Idle Test N 2 2 Fast Idle Test N 2 3 Fast Idle Test N 5 4
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9905763A GB2334964B (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | Fuel composition |
JP10519064A JP2001502374A (ja) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | 燃料組成物 |
AU47100/97A AU4710097A (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | Fuel composition |
DE19782068T DE19782068T1 (de) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | Kraftstoffgemisch |
DE19782068A DE19782068B4 (de) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | Kraftstoffgemisch |
CA002267864A CA2267864C (fr) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | Composition de carburant |
BRPI9711430-8A BR9711430B1 (pt) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | composiÇço combustÍvel, sistema de armazenagem ou distribuiÇço de combustÍvel e mÉtodo para funcionar um motor de modo a reduzir a emissço de co2 e nox sem alterar o torque ou a potÊncia. |
SE9901364A SE522751C2 (sv) | 1996-10-18 | 1999-04-16 | Bränslekomposition |
HK00103597A HK1024259A1 (en) | 1996-10-18 | 2000-06-15 | Fuel composition |
US09/848,610 US6695890B1 (en) | 1996-10-18 | 2001-05-03 | Fuel composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9621753.4 | 1996-10-18 | ||
GBGB9621753.4A GB9621753D0 (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1996-10-18 | Fuel composition |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US29482799A Continuation | 1996-10-18 | 1999-04-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998017745A1 true WO1998017745A1 (fr) | 1998-04-30 |
Family
ID=10801643
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1997/002763 WO1998017745A1 (fr) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | Composition de carburant |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2001502374A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1134530C (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4710097A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9711430B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2267864C (fr) |
CH (1) | CH694206A5 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE19782068B4 (fr) |
GB (5) | GB9621753D0 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1024259A1 (fr) |
SE (1) | SE522751C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998017745A1 (fr) |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2336119A (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 1999-10-13 | Coval Technologies Limited | Solubilising water and petrol |
GB2336120A (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 1999-10-13 | Coval Technologies Limited | Solubilising water and fuel oil |
WO2000031216A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-23 | 2000-06-02 | Pure Energy Corporation | Composition a base de gazole |
US6074445A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2000-06-13 | Pure Energy Corporation | Polymeric fuel additive and method of making the same, and fuel containing the additive |
WO2000036055A1 (fr) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-06-22 | Aae Holdings Plc | Composition de carburant |
WO2000055610A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-21 | Aae Holdings Plc | Tensioactifs |
WO2000069999A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-11-23 | Bertha Andras | Additif permettant de stabiliser les combustibles contenant de l'eau et combustible stabilise a l'aide de cet additif |
WO2001010982A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-27 | 2001-02-15 | Aae Holdings Plc | Compositions |
WO2001038464A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-05-31 | Tomah Products, Inc. | Additif pour carburant, composition de carburant comportant des additifs et procede de fabrication correspondant |
WO2001062876A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-26 | 2001-08-30 | Aae Technologies International Limited | Compositions |
WO2001062877A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-26 | 2001-08-30 | Aae Technologies International Limited | Additif de carburant |
EP1130081A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-26 | 2001-09-05 | AAE Technologies International Limited | Additif pour combustible |
WO2001083649A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-02 | 2001-11-08 | Interfacial Technologies (Uk) Limited | Combustion de carburant |
WO2001044413A3 (fr) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-12-27 | Aae Technologies Internat Ltd | Additifs de carburant |
US6348074B2 (en) | 1998-01-12 | 2002-02-19 | Saga Fuel Systems, Inc. | Composition as an additive to create clear stable solutions and microemulsions with a combustible liquid fuel to improve combustion |
EP1227143A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-07-31 | AAE Technologies International Limited | Additifs pour combustible |
WO2002090469A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-14 | Victorian Chemicals International Pty Ltd | Melanges de carburants |
WO2002088280A3 (fr) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-12-27 | Aae Technologies Internat Plc | Additifs de carburant |
JP2003514980A (ja) * | 1999-11-23 | 2003-04-22 | トマー プロダクツ インコーポレイテッド | 燃料添加剤、添加剤含有燃料組成物およびその製造方法 |
EP1408101A1 (fr) | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-14 | Infineum International Limited | Additifs et compositions d'huile combustible |
EP1435386A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-06 | 2004-07-07 | ChevronTexaco Japan Ltd | Compositions d'additifs pour carburants et compositions de combustibles les contenant |
EP1512736A1 (fr) | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-09 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions d'additifs stabilisées pour carburants diesel |
WO2005077495A1 (fr) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-08-25 | O2Diesel Corporation | Procedes de reduction d'emissions de matieres particulaires provenant de l'echappement de moteur diesel utilisant des melanges de carburant ethanol/diesel en combinaison avec des catalyseurs d'oxydation pour diesel |
WO2007036742A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | International Fuel Technology Inc. | Compositions de carburant contenant des additifs pour carburant |
WO2010033441A1 (fr) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Additif soluble dans un carburant de type alcool pour éliminer les dépôts dans des systèmes d'alimentation en carburant |
CN103320184A (zh) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-25 | 上海四埃美微科技有限公司 | 一种含有聚乙二醇双油酸酯的多组分燃料添加剂 |
WO2021090010A1 (fr) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-14 | Fernandes Serodio Joao Carlos | Procédé, système, appareil et formulations pour produire des mélanges à base d'huile et des micro-émulsions et des nano-émulsions |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0027274D0 (en) * | 2000-11-08 | 2000-12-27 | Aae Technologies Internat Ltd | Fuels |
DE102009005356A1 (de) | 2009-01-16 | 2010-07-22 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines Dieselmotors mit einem Mischkraftstoff |
GB2582540B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-07-26 | Sulnox Group Plc | Emulsifier and Emulsions |
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- 1997-10-20 CA CA002267864A patent/CA2267864C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1997-10-20 GB GB9905763A patent/GB2334964B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-20 AU AU47100/97A patent/AU4710097A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-20 DE DE19782068A patent/DE19782068B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-20 WO PCT/GB1997/002763 patent/WO1998017745A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1997-10-20 BR BRPI9711430-8A patent/BR9711430B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-20 JP JP10519064A patent/JP2001502374A/ja active Pending
- 1997-10-20 CN CNB971988927A patent/CN1134530C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4110283A (en) * | 1977-05-10 | 1978-08-29 | Chemische Fabriek Servo B.V. | Crystallization inhibitor for paraffin |
FR2403381A1 (fr) * | 1977-06-07 | 1979-04-13 | Prod Indls Cie Exploit | Produit pour l'amelioration de la combustion des produits petroliers |
EP0012292A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-16 | 1980-06-25 | Bayer Ag | Carburants et huiles combustibles, procédé pour leur préparation et leur utilisation |
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Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6183524B1 (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2001-02-06 | Pure Energy Corporation | Polymeric fuel additive and method of making the same, and fuel containing the additive |
US6074445A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2000-06-13 | Pure Energy Corporation | Polymeric fuel additive and method of making the same, and fuel containing the additive |
EP1027410B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-20 | 2003-02-26 | Pure Energy Corporation | Additif polymere pour carburant, procede de fabrication dudit additif et carburant renfermant cet additif |
US6884271B2 (en) | 1998-01-12 | 2005-04-26 | Saga Fuel Systems, Inc. | Composition as an additive to create clear stable solutions and microemulsions with a combustible liquid fuel to improve combustion |
US6348074B2 (en) | 1998-01-12 | 2002-02-19 | Saga Fuel Systems, Inc. | Composition as an additive to create clear stable solutions and microemulsions with a combustible liquid fuel to improve combustion |
GB2336120A (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 1999-10-13 | Coval Technologies Limited | Solubilising water and fuel oil |
GB2336119A (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 1999-10-13 | Coval Technologies Limited | Solubilising water and petrol |
ES2191550A1 (es) * | 1998-11-23 | 2003-09-01 | Pure Energy Corp | Composicion de combustible diesel. |
US6190427B1 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2001-02-20 | Pure Energy Corporation | Diesel fuel composition |
US6306184B2 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2001-10-23 | Pure Energy Corporation | Diesel fuel composition |
GB2362163A (en) * | 1998-11-23 | 2001-11-14 | Pure Energy Corp | Diesel fuel composition |
WO2000031216A1 (fr) * | 1998-11-23 | 2000-06-02 | Pure Energy Corporation | Composition a base de gazole |
US6786939B2 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2004-09-07 | Aae Technologies International Plc | Fuel composition |
WO2000036055A1 (fr) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-06-22 | Aae Holdings Plc | Composition de carburant |
WO2000055610A1 (fr) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-21 | Aae Holdings Plc | Tensioactifs |
WO2000069999A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-14 | 2000-11-23 | Bertha Andras | Additif permettant de stabiliser les combustibles contenant de l'eau et combustible stabilise a l'aide de cet additif |
WO2001010982A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-27 | 2001-02-15 | Aae Holdings Plc | Compositions |
JP4767466B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-23 | 2011-09-07 | トマー プロダクツ インコーポレイテッド | 燃料添加剤、添加剤含有燃料組成物およびその製造方法 |
US8147566B2 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2012-04-03 | Krogh James A | Fuel additive, additive-containing fuel compositions and method of manufacture |
WO2001038464A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-05-31 | Tomah Products, Inc. | Additif pour carburant, composition de carburant comportant des additifs et procede de fabrication correspondant |
JP2003514980A (ja) * | 1999-11-23 | 2003-04-22 | トマー プロダクツ インコーポレイテッド | 燃料添加剤、添加剤含有燃料組成物およびその製造方法 |
WO2001044413A3 (fr) * | 1999-12-15 | 2001-12-27 | Aae Technologies Internat Ltd | Additifs de carburant |
WO2001062876A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-26 | 2001-08-30 | Aae Technologies International Limited | Compositions |
WO2001062877A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-26 | 2001-08-30 | Aae Technologies International Limited | Additif de carburant |
CN100350024C (zh) * | 2000-02-26 | 2007-11-21 | Aae技术国际有限公司 | 燃料添加剂 |
EP1130081A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-26 | 2001-09-05 | AAE Technologies International Limited | Additif pour combustible |
WO2001083649A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-02 | 2001-11-08 | Interfacial Technologies (Uk) Limited | Combustion de carburant |
US7374588B2 (en) | 2000-05-02 | 2008-05-20 | Interfacial Technologies (Uk) Limited | Fuel combustion |
EP1227143A1 (fr) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-07-31 | AAE Technologies International Limited | Additifs pour combustible |
WO2002088280A3 (fr) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-12-27 | Aae Technologies Internat Plc | Additifs de carburant |
US7172635B2 (en) | 2001-04-27 | 2007-02-06 | Aae Technologies International Plc | Fuel additives |
WO2002090469A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-14 | Victorian Chemicals International Pty Ltd | Melanges de carburants |
US7357819B2 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2008-04-15 | Victorian Chemicals International Pty Ltd | Fuel blends |
EP1408101A1 (fr) | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-14 | Infineum International Limited | Additifs et compositions d'huile combustible |
US7438731B2 (en) | 2003-01-06 | 2008-10-21 | Chevrontexaco Japan Limited | Fuel additive composition and fuel composition containing the same |
EP1435386A1 (fr) * | 2003-01-06 | 2004-07-07 | ChevronTexaco Japan Ltd | Compositions d'additifs pour carburants et compositions de combustibles les contenant |
SG147269A1 (en) * | 2003-01-06 | 2008-11-28 | Chevrontexaco Japan Ltd | Fuel additive composition and fuel composition containing the same |
EP1512736A1 (fr) | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-09 | Infineum International Limited | Compositions d'additifs stabilisées pour carburants diesel |
WO2005077495A1 (fr) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-08-25 | O2Diesel Corporation | Procedes de reduction d'emissions de matieres particulaires provenant de l'echappement de moteur diesel utilisant des melanges de carburant ethanol/diesel en combinaison avec des catalyseurs d'oxydation pour diesel |
WO2007036678A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | International Fuel Technology, Inc. | Compositions de carburant renfermant un additif pour carburant |
WO2007036742A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | International Fuel Technology Inc. | Compositions de carburant contenant des additifs pour carburant |
WO2010033441A1 (fr) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-03-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Additif soluble dans un carburant de type alcool pour éliminer les dépôts dans des systèmes d'alimentation en carburant |
CN103320184A (zh) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-25 | 上海四埃美微科技有限公司 | 一种含有聚乙二醇双油酸酯的多组分燃料添加剂 |
WO2021090010A1 (fr) * | 2019-11-05 | 2021-05-14 | Fernandes Serodio Joao Carlos | Procédé, système, appareil et formulations pour produire des mélanges à base d'huile et des micro-émulsions et des nano-émulsions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE9901364D0 (sv) | 1999-04-16 |
CH694206A5 (fr) | 2004-09-15 |
SE9901364L (sv) | 1999-04-16 |
BR9711430B1 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
GB2334964B (en) | 2000-07-26 |
GB9905763D0 (en) | 1999-05-05 |
GB9621753D0 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
AU4710097A (en) | 1998-05-15 |
JP2001502374A (ja) | 2001-02-20 |
CN1240471A (zh) | 2000-01-05 |
DE19782068T1 (de) | 1999-11-11 |
BR9711430A (pt) | 2000-10-31 |
CA2267864A1 (fr) | 1998-04-30 |
SE522751C2 (sv) | 2004-03-02 |
DE19782068B4 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
CN1134530C (zh) | 2004-01-14 |
GB9706746D0 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
GB9706747D0 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
GB9706799D0 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
CA2267864C (fr) | 2002-07-23 |
HK1024259A1 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
GB2334964A (en) | 1999-09-08 |
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