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WO1998013483A1 - Proteases et leurs variants, sur lesquels sont fondus des inhibiteurs de protease peptidique - Google Patents

Proteases et leurs variants, sur lesquels sont fondus des inhibiteurs de protease peptidique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998013483A1
WO1998013483A1 PCT/US1997/016354 US9716354W WO9813483A1 WO 1998013483 A1 WO1998013483 A1 WO 1998013483A1 US 9716354 W US9716354 W US 9716354W WO 9813483 A1 WO9813483 A1 WO 9813483A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
protease
fusion protein
inhibitor
alkyl
seq
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PCT/US1997/016354
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles Winston Saunders
John Mcmillan Mciver
James Michael Armpriester
Robert Scott Youngquist
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The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to JP10515703A priority Critical patent/JP2000506393A/ja
Priority to BR9712838-4A priority patent/BR9712838A/pt
Priority to CA002266418A priority patent/CA2266418A1/fr
Priority to EP97942487A priority patent/EP0941312A1/fr
Publication of WO1998013483A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998013483A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0078—Compositions for cleaning contact lenses, spectacles or lenses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • A61K8/66—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/81—Protease inhibitors
    • C07K14/8107—Endopeptidase (E.C. 3.4.21-99) inhibitors
    • C07K14/811—Serine protease (E.C. 3.4.21) inhibitors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/81—Protease inhibitors
    • C07K14/815—Protease inhibitors from leeches, e.g. hirudin, eglin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
    • C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
    • C12N9/52—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from bacteria or Archaea
    • C12N9/54—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from bacteria or Archaea bacteria being Bacillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/74—Biological properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/78—Enzyme modulators, e.g. Enzyme agonists
    • A61K2800/782—Enzyme inhibitors; Enzyme antagonists
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel protease/protease inhibitor fusion proteins useful in a variety of cleaning compositions, those compositions, and their methods of manufacture. These fusion proteins advantageously improve yield of the desired protease, control stoichiometry of the inhibitor/protease, produce more stable proteases, and thus more stable formulations, while providing active protease during the cleaning process.
  • Enzymes make up the largest class of naturally-occurring proteins. Each class of enzyme generally catalyzes (that is, accelerates a reaction without being consumed) a different kind of chemical reaction.
  • One class of enzymes known as proteases are known for their ability to hydrolyze (i.e., break down) a compound into two or more simpler compounds. This ability to hydrolyze proteins has been exploited by incorporating naturally-occurring and protein- engineered proteases as an additive to laundry detergent preparations. While various enzymes are used, many stains on clothes are proteinaceous and wide- specificity proteases can substantially improve removal of such stains.
  • proteases are derived from biological sources, and as a result, must be separated from the biological milieu where they are found.
  • the amino acid sequence of a peptide or protein determines the characteristics of the peptide or protein. For example, alteration of even one amino acid may inactivate an enzyme, depending upon the location and nature of the change in the amino acid sequence.
  • alteration of even one amino acid may inactivate an enzyme, depending upon the location and nature of the change in the amino acid sequence.
  • Several attempts have been made to alter the wild-type amino acid sequence of proteases to improve their properties.
  • a cleaning composition e.g., a laundry detergent
  • a cleaning composition contains multiple enzymes, such as a protease, lipase, amylase, peroxidase, and/or cellulase.
  • enzymes such as a protease, lipase, amylase, peroxidase, and/or cellulase.
  • One problem with such protease-containing cleaning compositions is that the proteases present in the compositions degrade other enzymes, as well as the proteases themselves, during storage.
  • protease inhibitors in cleaning compositions The problem of enzyme degradation by proteases in the composition has been approached in several ways, including the use of protease inhibitors in such compositions. Sometimes a reversible protease inhibitor is added during processing of the composition, or during processing of the protease, to prevent such storage-related degradation. However, those skilled in the art recognize the need to provide an inhibitor which inhibits protease during storage of the composition, but which allows the protease to be active in the cleaning environment.
  • Protease-containing cleaning compositions containing protease inhibitors are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,566,985, issued January 28, 1986, to Bruno et al. (liquid cleaning compositions containing benzamidine hydrohalide); European Patent Publication No. 376,705 published July 4, 1990 by Cardinali et al. (using lower aliphatic alcohol and a salt of a lower carboxylic acid and a surfactant system which is predominantly nonionic); European Patent Publication No. 381 ,262 published August 8, 1990 by Aronson et al.
  • Proteinaceous protease inhibitors are typically long peptides (often over 28 amino acids), which bind to the active site of a protease and inhibit its activity. These inhibitors have been classified into several families (Families I to IX) based on primary amino acid sequence homologies (Laskowski, M., Jr., and I. Kato, "Protein Inhibitors of Proteinases", ANN. REV. BIOCHEMISTRY. (1980) 49: 593-626). Included in these inhibitors are those commonly referred to as family VI inhibitors, such inhibitors include eglin and barley chymotrypsin inhibitor, and family III inhibitors, such as Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI), and plasminostreptin.
  • family VI inhibitors such inhibitors include eglin and barley chymotrypsin inhibitor, and family III inhibitors, such as Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI), and plasminostreptin.
  • Mikkelsen discloses proteinaceous protease inhibitors, including SSI and barley chymotrypsin inhibitor which, in Mikkelsen's formulation, are said to stabilize lipase and cellulase to proteolysis over several days at room temperature.
  • Mikkelsen discloses changing the P4 through P3' positions of family VI inhibitors which are said to lower inhibitor to proline, which is said to lower inhibitor affinity for the protease, but no data are given to support that assertion.
  • Halkier et al. WO 93/20175 discloses family VI inhibitors, using proline at the P1 and P4 positions and a variety of amino acid residues at the P2 and P3 positions. These changes are said to have lowered affinity for the protease, as a result of altering those amino acids in the inhibitor. Kd values are given for many such variants.
  • protease enzymes including those useful in detergent compositions, poses its own unique problems.
  • protease production may be limited by self-proteolysis during the fermentation or purification process.
  • protease inhibitors to the cleaning composition, fermentation broth, or purification mixture requires the purchase and addition of excess of inhibitor, often at a point in the manufacturing process where hydrolysis of the protease has already begun.
  • German Patent Specification 2,131,451 filed by Nagase & Co., published December 30, 1971 , discloses a process for the production of alkaline protease. This process is said to require the addition of 0.1 to 12% of a water soluble borate as an inhibitor. These borates are said to enhance the filtering activity and, accordingly, the enzyme yield. However, it is recognized that, at certain levels, the borate can actually retard the production of the enzyme.
  • Japanese patent publication J01-296987 published November 30, 1989, discloses a method comprising culturing a microorganism capable of producing protease in a culture medium containing a substance showing affinity to protease.
  • Joergensen et al. WO 93/13125, published July 8, 1993 by Novo Nordisk A/S discloses a process for production of a "protein susceptible to inactivation" in a fluid production medium by "continuously and reversibly protecting” said protein against inactivation during the production stage, then deprotecting the protein, and recovering the protein product.
  • Inhibitors used are said to be SSI and eglin. The process is said to be useful for obtaining increased yields of the protein by reversibly inactivating the protein.
  • the expression control elements may recombine, especially if the genes are plasmid- borne, thus deleting one of the genes, changing the net stoichiometry.
  • the position of one gene relative to other(s) may cause one to be expressed more readily than the other(s).
  • specific nucleotide sequences in the genes, protease or inhibitor may "speed or slow" translation of the gene, affecting a difference in expression levels.
  • high level expression of two different (and possibly competing) genes may cause other difficulties: large amounts of two different transcripts are required, with each transcript requiring its own set of positive regulatory proteins, such as RNA polymerase and sigma factors. Further, in many systems, each of the two proteins must be secreted at high levels through the cell's secretion apparatus. Thus, for the foregoing reasons, this approach is rather unpredictable.
  • Cost savings and increased yield could be realized if a natural inhibitor could be obtained in situ. If such a protease-producing organism would produce the appropriate (stoichiometric) amount of inhibitor concurrently with the protease, self-proteolysis could be reduced or eliminated.
  • An object is to also to manufacture proteases which are already stabilized in vivo by protease enzyme inhibitors, preferably as early as possible after translation.
  • the present invention relates to fusion proteins, comprising as a first part, a protease, preferably a subtilisin, more preferably Alcalase®, Esperase®, Savinase®, Maxatase®, Maxacal®, and Maxapem 15®, BPN, BPN' and/or variants thereof; and, as a second part, a proteinaceous enzyme inhibitor, preferably SSI, eglin, turkey ovomucoid, CMTI, and/or their variants, more preferably an inhibitor which is specific to the protease part; and, as an optional third part, a peptide linker between the protease and the inhibitor.
  • a protease preferably a subtilisin, more preferably Alcalase®, Esperase®, Savinase®, Maxatase®, Maxacal®, and Maxapem 15®, BPN, BPN' and/or variants thereof
  • a proteinaceous enzyme inhibitor preferably
  • the present invention also relates to the genes encoding such fusion proteins, cells containing such genes, and/or such fusion proteins, and methods for manufacturing such genes, fusion proteins, and/or cells containing the fusion proteins and/or genes.
  • the present invention also relates to compositions, preferably cleaning compositions, comprising such fusion proteins and/or their variants.
  • novel protease/inhibitor fusion protein contains two proteins of commercial interest. These fusion proteins minimize or avoid any unpredictable stoichiometry commonly associated with the dual expression of protease and inhibitor protein
  • This invention applies to any of a number of microbial proteases, including those from Bacillus species.
  • the latter include Savinase, subtilisin BPN', Alcalase, and their derivatives, as well as any of a number of inhibitors, including SSI and other Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitors, eglin, barley chymotrypsin inhibitors, and variants thereof.
  • the invention also applies to any of a number of hosts, including both procaryotic and eucaryotic microbes, and plants; for example other Bacillus species, Saccharomyces cereviseae, Pichia pastoris, Aspergillus; and plants, such as barley, tomato, potato, soybean, alfalfa, tobacco, maize or others.
  • hosts including both procaryotic and eucaryotic microbes, and plants; for example other Bacillus species, Saccharomyces cereviseae, Pichia pastoris, Aspergillus; and plants, such as barley, tomato, potato, soybean, alfalfa, tobacco, maize or others.
  • the gene expression elements are tailored to the host for maximum expression, this is well within the scope of the practice of the skilled artisan. Definition of terms
  • cleaning process means the method or process used to clean an article, surface or the like.
  • washing clothes in an automatic washer is a cleaning process; diluting a cleaning composition into a bucket and cleaning a surface with a mop, sponge or cloth is a cleaning process; washing one's hands is a cleaning process; soaking an article of clothing in a sink with a cleaning composition and water is a cleaning process; placing a cleaning composition in a commode, and later flushing the toilet is a cleaning process; this list is exemplary and not exhaustive. The reader can envision many other cleaning processes.
  • stoichiometry refers to a molar ratio. This ratio may be 1:1 (equimolar) 2:1 , 3:2, 1:3 or any other ratio expressed as a molar ratio. Thus, it is contemplated that a “stoichiometric" fusion protein has a fixed “molar ratio" of inhibitor to protein, regardless of the numerical value of the ratio.
  • gene As used herein, "gene”, “vector”, “plasmid”, “genome”, or “chromosome” have their art recognized meanings. However, the skilled artisan will recognize that teaching how to use an expression system using a plasmid, etc. is sufficient to teach the skilled artisan how to use other systems whether they be genomic, plasmid-based, etc., whether they are used in procaryotes or eucaryotes, and whether the heterologous host is bacterial, fungus, plant, etc.
  • variant means an enzyme having an amino acid sequence which differs from that of wild-type.
  • gene means a gene coding for a particular protein or fusion protein.
  • fusion protein has its art-recognized meaning, that is two proteins are expressed as one amino acid chain, typically under the control of one regulatory element.
  • fusion proteins have been used for numerous applications over the last several years (Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis, MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL. Second Edition, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Press).
  • expression vectors are commercially available for using fusion technology to produce a protein of interest. (Cf, Sigma Catalog, Sigma-Aldrich Corp., Chicago, III. 1996).
  • Fusion proteins minimize or avoid any potential pitfalls of one protein being expressed at a higher rate than the other.
  • the fusion protein allows the strain to synthesize specifically chosen molar amounts of protease and inhibitor simultaneously.
  • the fusion protein may be constructed to provide an equimolar amount of protease and inhibitor, or twice the molar amount of inhibitor compared to the protease, and the like.
  • proteases and/or protease inhibitors in addition to the fusion protein, are made by the same cell, either on the same plasmid as the fusion protein gene, a different plasmid coexisting in the cell, a plasmid while the fusion protein gene is chromosomal, or as part of the chromosome of the cell.
  • one may produce either a protease with an inhibitor specific to a different protease, or a protease with the inhibitor specific to that protease in the fusion protein.
  • the fusion protein may contain one or more protease parts, the same or different, and may contain one or more inhibitor parts, the same or different, as long as the fusion protein contains at least one protease part and at least one inhibitor part.
  • Proteases prepared by the present invention process can be of animal, plant or microorganism origin.
  • the origin is not of particular concern: their activity is paramount.
  • Known serine proteases are generally classified into the subtilisin family and the trypsin family, comprising, for example, chymotrypsin and elastase.
  • the protease inhibitor(s) to be used in the manufacture of each such enzyme can be selected as appropriate for each of these type of enzyme being produced.
  • Such proteases regardless of origin can be prepared for expression in heterologous hosts.
  • Such hosts can be animals, plants or microorganisms; preferably they are plants or microorganisms; more preferably microorganisms.
  • Non-limiting examples of such preferred proteases include Novo Industries A/S Alcalase®, Esperase®, Savinase® (Copenhagen, Denmark), GCI's Maxatase®, Maxacal®, and Maxapem 15® (protein-engineered Maxacal®) (Delft, Netherlands), and subtilisin BPN and BPN', which are commercially available from Sigma Chemical Company.
  • Preferred proteases are also modified bacterial serine proteases, such as those made by Genencor International., Inc., (South San Francisco, California) which are described in European Patent Application 251 ,446, Wells et al., published January 7,1988, and which is called herein "Protease B"; U.S.
  • Patent 5,030,378, Venegas, issued July 9, 1991 which refers to a modified bacterial serine proteolytic enzyme which is called "Protease A” herein; and the proteases described in WO 95/10615, published April 20, 1995 by Genencor International, hereby inco ⁇ orated by reference.
  • Preferred proteases are selected from the group consisting of Savinase®, Maxacal®, Alcalase®, BPN', Protease A and Protease B, the proteases described in WO 95/10615 (above), and mixtures thereof. These proteins and their gene sequences are shown in the art.
  • subtilisin Carlsberg is further described by Smith, E.L., Delange, R.J Evans, W.H., Landon, M., and Markland, F.S., J. BIOL. CHEM.. Vol. 243, pp. 2184-2191 (1968), incorporated herein by reference.
  • subtilisin variants of the present invention may have improved properties as compared to the wild-type subtilisin.
  • peptide protease enzyme inhibitor means any poiypeptide or protein reversible inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of the protease enzyme being capable of being fused to the protease in vivo. Typically, such an inhibitor contains more than 25 amino acids, and thus is long enough to be called a protein in its own right.
  • the inhibitor moiety is resistant to proteolysis by the corresponding protease.
  • the fusion of protease inhibitors with Ki values of less than about 1X10 **4 to the protease provides for improved properties of the protease portion and improved processes for manufacturing.
  • the "coproduction" of protease and inhibitor in this manner still allows the fusion protein producing organism to produce the protease, perhaps with less toxicity to the cell.
  • the "coproduced” inhibitors limit the autolysis (i.e., self destruction) of the protease, and/or possibly also limit the destruction and/or other destructive influences of the protease on the organism.
  • Preferred inhibitors are those having Ki of less than about 1X10 **4 M, preferably less than about 1X10"5 M, and most preferably less than about 1X10" 6 M. Ki values are determined by known procedures. For example, potential inhibitors of the protease subtilisin BPN' are evaluated on the basis of their ability to inhibit the hydrolysis of succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide as described by DelMar for chymotrypsin, a protease similar to subtilisin BPN' [DelMar et al., ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, (1979) 99, 316-320]. The rates, which obey Michaelis Menten conditions, are analyzed by the method of A. Goldstein (J. GEN. PHYSIOL., 27:529-580 (1944), "The Mechanism of Enzyme-Inhibitor- Substrate Reactions”) to determine Kj values.
  • reversible inhibitor means those protease inhibitors which are capable of being released from the protease enzyme to allow restored proteolytic activity, including but not limited to competitive, noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibitors as described for example in detail in Mahler et al., BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. Second Edition (published 1971 by Harper & Row) at pages 295-299, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • protease enzyme inhibitors can be selected using known methods.
  • Existing proteases can be divided into serine, carboxy, cysteine, and metalloproteases. Within these classes, there are further divisions.
  • serine proteases include trypsin, subtilisin, chymotrypsin and "elastase type" proteases.
  • the protease enzyme inhibitor(s) to be used in the manufacture of each such enzymes can be selected as appropriate for each enzyme being produced.
  • subtilisins and subtilisin mutants are preferred as proteases
  • preferred inhibitors inhibit those proteases within the preferred ranges disclosed above.
  • preferred enzyme inhibitors include ovomucoid, eglin, SSI, and the like. These preferred inhibitors are disclosed in the following references, all incorporated herein by reference; S. Obata, S. Taguchi, I. Kumagai, and K. Miura, "Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence Determination of Gene Encoding Streptomyces Subtilisin Inhibitor (SSI)", BIOCHEMISTRY. 105: 367-371 (1989) and H. Rink, M. Liersch, P. Sieber, and F.
  • protease inhibitors are known and can be readily made using shorter peptides which are known to bind to the proteases. These may be combined with suitably long optional linkers to provide positioning the inhibitor in the active site of the protease. If a short peptide inhibitor is used, the fusion protein may contain repeating units thereof or one or more protein peptide inhibitors, the same or different, may be present on the fusion protein.
  • the pumpkin trypsin inhibitor CMTI I consists of 29 amino acids and is an inhibitor of trypsin and subtilisin.
  • CMTI and other such inhibitors may be used or altered to confer protease specificity (J. Rozycki, G. Kupryszewski, K. Rolka, U. Ragnarsson, T. Zbyryt, I. Krokoszynska, and T.
  • the inhibitor be attached to the protease via a hydrolyzable linking amino acid chain, separating the protease from the inhibitor.
  • the linker sequence between the protease and inhibitor could be designed to be a good substrate for proteolysis; further the sequence of the amino acids can be designed to facilitate post- translation separation of the protease and inhibitor, or to optimize the position of the inhibitor relative to the binding or active site of the protease.
  • this optional linking peptide is up to twenty amino acids in length.
  • this linking peptide part is easily cleaved by the protease.
  • This invention uses protein fusion technology to stoichiometrically co- produce the protease and inhibitor.
  • One set of gene expression signals is used to direct the expression of a fused gene leading to translation of a fusion protein consisting of a protease and an inhibitor.
  • the present invention also pertains to the genes encoding for such fusion proteins.
  • the fusion protein gene contains no identical genetic elements which would have the capability of homologous recombination.
  • this invention avoids additional control elements, which provide more opportunities for differences in amount of inhibitor and protease production and may lead to rearrangement of the genome, plasmid or vector.
  • Genes encoding the protease and the inhibitor may be naturally derived or may be obtained synthetically. As an example, given but a small segment of the gene sequence, one may use PCR to locate and clone a gene for expressing the protein. In addition, methods are known to make large genes from clones of parts of them. As used herein, “small” and “large,” when referring to length of DNA sequences or genes, refers to the difficulty in reliably making the sequence or gene. Thus a “small” sequence is reliably made, without errors, using standard techniques. Typically "small” genes are made using PCR: the entire gene may be copied reliably without several different steps. However, a "large” sequence or gene is not reliably made using a simple techniques, but usually requires PCR and ligation of several segments of the gene, since it cannot reliably be made using one PCR step.
  • a vector, plasmid, chromosome or genome may contain more than one fusion protein gene; it may also contain one or more additional protease or inhibitor genes, in other than the fusion protein region. It may contain a fusion protein • and a protease, or a fusion protein and a proteinaceous inhibitor. Preferably, it contains a fusion protein and a proteinaceous inhibitor.
  • Particularly important to the invention is the regulation of the expression of the gene in the context of fusion proteins.
  • a microorganism may contain complete genes for each individual protein, including gene regulatory sequences.
  • gene regulatory sequences are derived from the protease and inhibitor genes of interest or from other genes.
  • regulation of expression is from the same gene regulatory element to direct the expression of the entire gene.
  • One set of gene expression signals is used to direct the expression of a fused gene leading to translation of a fusion protein consisting of a protease and an inhibitor.
  • genes expressing the invention are made by known methods from known starting materials.
  • many plasmids used as starting materials are commercially available.
  • M13 is commercially available starting material as is pUC19 and many others. (Cf., Sigma Catalog, Sigma-Aldrich Corp., Chicago, III. 1996)
  • handbooks for cloning and PCR protocols are available to the skilled artisan to ease the task of preparing the gene of interest.
  • mutants of the proteins of interest are easily made using standard methods such as the Kunkel method of mutagenesis.
  • Method of Making-PREPARATION/PURIFICATION is easily made using standard methods such as the Kunkel method of mutagenesis.
  • the method of the present invention comprises manufacturing and isolating fusion proteins comprising protease/protease inhibitors.
  • the inhibitor part has a Ki value of less than about 1X10 -4 .
  • the preferred stoichiometry is 1:1 to about 3:1 (inhibitor : protease), preferably 3:2 to about 3:1 (inhibitor : protease), more preferably about 2:1 (inhibitor : protease).
  • Methods for manufacturing fusion proteins preferably use microorganisms, which produce the fusion protein. Manufacturing which involves microorganisms typically utilize a fermentation broth to grow the microorganism, followed by one or more purification steps to isolate the protease enzyme/inhibitor.
  • the fusion protein may be harvested from the fermentation broth or the microorganism, depending upon the type of organism used, and the conditions of fermentation. Determination of which isolation methods to use is well within the purview of the skilled artisan.
  • Preferred methods use the fermentation of Bacillus subtilis and/or Bacillus licheniformis bacteria in a nutrient medium.
  • protease inhibitor(s) both in the fermentation broth and thereafter use protease inhibitors (by carry over from the fermentation broth and/or by separate addition(s)) in the enzyme purification process step(s).
  • this is not essential to the execution of the invention.
  • the methods of the present invention for manufacturing proteases preferably comprise:
  • step (b) purifying said protease enzyme/inhibitor by one or more steps to concentrate the protease enzyme/inhibitor produced in step (a).
  • More preferred processes use a fusion protein with a "molar ratio" of protease to inhibitor of at least about 1:1
  • Preferred methods use Bacillus subtilis bacteria to produce the protease enzyme/inhibitor in the fermentation broth of step (a). Also preferred is the production of the protease enzyme/inhibitor in dry or concentrated liquid form prepared by the process of this invention. Examples
  • CJ236 and JM101 are known E. coli strains
  • pUB110 is a known plasmid
  • Kunkel method of mutagenesis is also well known in the art. (See for example, Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. Second Edition, J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)
  • fusion proteins of the invention may be made by expression systems and by various methods in various hosts, these methods are within the scope of the practice of the skilled artisan in molecular biology, biochemistry or other arts related to biotechnology.
  • mPG296 a derivative of M13mp19 described below, is used as a cloning vector for the synthetic eglin gene.
  • the modification of M13mp19 to mPG296 is merely a convenient starting material and it is expected that the artisan may repeat this example using M13mp19, as a starting material.
  • mPG296 is constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of M13mp19, using oligonucleotide:
  • eglin gene is assembled by three cycles of PCR (followed by ligation to mPG296 DNA).
  • PCR is carried out with oligonucleotides of the following sequence 5 * TAC TTC ACT CTG CAT TAC CCG CAG TAC GAC GTT TAC TTC CTG
  • This PCR product is treated with 10 ⁇ g proteinase K, extracted twice with a phenol/chloroform mixture, and precipitated using 10 ⁇ g yeast tRNA, 300 mM sodium acetate pH 6, and 2 1/2 volumes of ethanol. This DNA is resuspended in water and digested with EcoRI and SamHI.
  • This digest is extracted with phenol/chloroform, ethanol precipitated, and resuspended in water.
  • the resulting DNA is then ligated to suitably purified EcoRI, SamHI-digested mPG296 DNA.
  • This ligation mix is used to transform E. coli JM101. Isopropylthio- ⁇ -galactoside (IPTG) and X-gal are included in the plates to distinguish blue (Lac + ) from clear (Lac ** ) plaques.
  • oligonucleotides (Seq ID NO: 4.5) in the second PCR, with the following sequences.
  • This method avoids the third round of PCR, described in Example 1.
  • the PCR product described here is similarly purified, digested, and ligated as in Example 1 , with the same recombinant phage identification.
  • the synthetic gene encoding mature SSI, is also constructed using PCR. Because the SSI gene is larger than the eglin gene, the gene is cloned in two PCR fragments using the following oligonucleotides:
  • the oligonucleotides are used pairwise in four different PCRs: SEQ ID NO: 10 with SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 11 with SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 14 with SEQ ID NO: 17, and SEQ ID NO: 15 with SEQ ID NO: 16.
  • SEQ ID NO: 10-13 The product of SEQ ID NO: 10-13 is digested with EcoRI and Pst ⁇ , and the product of SEQ ID NO: 14-17 is digested with Pstt and H/ndlll. Following phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation, these DNAs are iigated to pUC19 DNA which had been digested with the same restriction enzymes. The ligation mix is used to transform E. coli TG1 , selecting on ampicillin plates containing XGAL and IPTG.
  • Plasmid pPG1364 contains the synthetic SSI partial gene encoded by oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO: 10-13. Plasmid pPG1366 contains the SSI partial gene encoded by oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO: 14-17.
  • Plasmid pPG1371 contains the assembled synthetic SSI gene and comprises the large Pstt EcoRI fragment of pPG1366 and the small EcoRI Pstt fragment of pPG1364. pPG1371 is used for subsequent work.
  • pPG580 is a derivative of plasmids used for production of a 34 amino acid residue fragment of human parathyroid hormone (Optimization of the signal- sequence cleavage site for secretion from Bacillus subtilis of a 34-amino acid fragment of human parathyroid hormone, Saunders et al., GENE, 102:277-282 (1991).
  • pPG580 is made of four parts.
  • pPG580 contains a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin gene, flanked by H/ ⁇ dlll sites, made using PCR with the following oligonucleotides. SEQ ID NO:18 5' AGA TCC AAG CTT TTC CGC AAT TAT ATC ATT 3' and SEQ ID N0:19 5' GGA TTC AAG CTT TGC TCA GTT TTG CTT CTG 3'. pPG580 contains all but the first base pair of the subtilisin gene sequence as shown by Vasantha et al.
  • subtilisin gene adjacent to the 3' end of the subtilisin gene is a fragment of (i.e., the beginning of) pBS + (commercially available from Stratagene, La Jolla, CA), which extends about 3.2 kbp from the HindWl site to the pBS + Xba ⁇ site.
  • pUB110 is inserted adjacent to this Xba ⁇ site.
  • the nucleotide sequence of pUB110 includes some salient features in relation to replication and its regulation. McKenzie et al., PLASMID, 15: 93-103, 1986).
  • This fragment extends 4.3 kbp from the pUB110 Xba ⁇ site, to its ⁇ amHI site.
  • the 324 bp fragment of pUB110, from the ⁇ amHI site back to the Xba ⁇ I site, is thus not present in pPG580.
  • the ⁇ amHI site of pUB110 is no longer intact, but is fused to the ⁇ g/ll site of the 32 bp synthetic sequence described by Saunders et al., (Optimization of the signal-sequence cleavage site for secretion from Bacillus subtilis of a 34-amino acid fragment of human parathyroid hormone, Saunders et al., GENE, 102:277-282, 1991).
  • This 32 bp sequence is shown below: SEQ ID NO:20 5' AAG CTT CAG GAT GTT CAT AAT TTT TAA AGA TC 3'
  • pPG580 is modified for further use.
  • pPG1301 which lacks ⁇ amHI or EcoRI restriction sites, and is used to transform E. coli JM101.
  • Single-stranded DNA is prepared from a CJ236 host harboring pPG1301 , referred to as strain PG1229.
  • pPG1301 is modified by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to provide an EcoRI site following the signal sequence coding region and a ⁇ amHI site following the translational stop coding region. The mutagenesis is carried out with the following oligonucleotides:
  • pPG1315 The plasmid having modifications from mutagenesis by both oligomers is referred to as pPG1315.
  • SEQ ID NO. 21 mutagenized the plasmid (thus incorporating the ⁇ amHI site only), the resulting plasmid is referred to hereinafter as pPG1306.
  • Plasmid pPG1315 contains both the EcoRI and ⁇ amHI sites. pPG1315 is the expression vector into which the synthetic SSI gene is inserted.
  • Example 5 B. subtilis Strain Producing Subtilisin and SSI as a fusion protein
  • Plasmid pPG1306 is modified by inserting a EcoRI restriction site is inserted after the sequence encoding the last amino acid residue of subtilisin. This modification enables fusion protein production with subtilisin.
  • the following oligonucleotide is used in standard mutagenesis:
  • pPG1391 The resulting plasmid is referred to as pPG1391.
  • An EcoRI, ⁇ amHI SSI gene- containing fragment of pPG1371 is sub-cloned into EcoRI, BamHI-digested ⁇ PG1391 , resulting in plasmid pPG1509.
  • a sub-clone of mPG1023, (a phage DNA containing the eglin gene- containing ⁇ amHI EcoRI fragment) from Example 1 is sub-cloned between the ⁇ amHI and EcoRI sites of pPG1315, generating plasmid pPG1317.
  • An EcoRI, ⁇ amHI eglin gene-containing fragment from pPG1317 is then sub-cloned into EcoRI, ⁇ amHI-digested pPG1391 , resulting in plasmid pPG1500.
  • pPG1500 is a subtilisin/eglin gene fusion encoding both mature proteins.
  • This plasmid is used to transform competent PG632, resulting in a bacterium expressing the fusion protein. This strain is referred to as PG1604.
  • Fusion protein is prepared as follows. The cells are cultured overnight in 2 x YT medium (1.6% tryptone, 1% yeast extract, 0.5% sodium chloride) containing kanamycin (50 ⁇ g/ml). The cells are pelleted, and the supernatant harvested. One ml of sample is precipitated, using trichloroacetic acid. Proteins are separated by SDS gel electrophoresis and blotted for Western blot analysis using antiserum raised to heat denatured subtilisin. The antiserum recognizes proteins larger than subtilisin in the samples from both PG1198 and PG1604. Such a result is expected for the fusion proteins. In addition, there are subtilisin- sized proteins that are recognized by the antiserum. This result suggests that the fusion protein has been subject to some proteolysis, separating the subtilisin moiety from the inhibitor moiety.
  • the protein is purified by standard methods, (Cf. S. Hirono, K. T. Nakamura, Y. litaka, and Y. Mitsui, "Crystal Structure of the Complex of Subtilisin BPN' with its Protein Inhibitor Streptomyces Subtilisin Inhibitor", MOL. BIOL.. 131:855-869 (1979) illustrating gel filtration to purify the complex.
  • Example 8 Characterization of the fusion protein Inhibition Bacillus fermentation supernatants containing the fusion protein are tested for protease activity and protease inhibitor activity.
  • A. SSI inhibits subtilisin BPN' and the Y217L derivative of BPN'.
  • SSI is mixed with protease and incubated for fifteen minutes at room temperature. Protease activity is then measured using the method of DelMar, E.G., C. Largman, J.W. Brodrick and M.C. Geokas. ANAL. BIOCHEM.. Vol. 99, pp. 316-320, (1979)).
  • a 0.1 M Tris, pH 8.6, 10 mM CaCl2 solution is added to bring the volume to 990 ⁇ l. Addition of 10 ⁇ l of N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p- nitroanilide (20 mg/ml) begins the reaction. The reaction rate is measured by the increase in absorbance at 410 nm.
  • the culture supernatants of PG1198 and PG1604 are tested for their ability to inhibit the Y217L derivative of BPN * . In neither case is there significant inhibition.
  • the amount of inhibition, if any, is less than 10% of that seen with PG1181 , which makes SSI as a single protein.
  • the culture supernatants of PG1198 and PG1604 are also tested for their ability to produce protease. In neither case is there significant protease activity. The amount of protease activity, if any, is 100-fold below that observed with PG1106, which produces subtilisin as a single protein.
  • the stability of the fusion protein is monitored by measuring protease activity over time. If the protease and inhibitor activities are stable, the level of protease activity is constant over time. However, if the inhibitor is hydrolyzed by the protease in the fusion protein, the protease activity will rise.
  • PG1198 and PG1604 culture supernatants are mixed with a liquid detergent composition made according to the following formula:
  • composition constitutes 1/3 of the total sample volume. 15 ⁇ l of sample is mixed with 975 ⁇ l of 0.1 M Tris HCI, pH 8.6, 0.01 M CaCt ⁇ . This dilution is incubated for thirty minutes at room temperature. After incubation, substrate is added, and the amount of protease is measured.
  • Example 9 Shelf stability Within one day at 31° in the presence of a standard detergent formulation, the protease activity in PG1198 rises to 15% of the protease activity of the PG1106 control. Protease activity rises more slowly with PG1604, consistent with our observations that SSI is more stable than eglin under these conditions. However, after fourteen days at 31°, the protease activity of PG1604 is 14% of the protease activity of PG1106. Thus PG1198 and PG1604 initially contain very small amounts of protease activity. Upon incubation in the presence of detergent, the inhibitor moiety became unstable, resulting in measurable protease activity. This again reinforces the conclusion that the fusion protein is made as designed, containing protease and inhibitor moieties which negate each other's activity.
  • subtilisin plasmid has incorporated therein a CMTI-I (inhibitor) gene for expression of a CMTI fusion protein.
  • Example 11 CMTIII type inhibitor fusion protein A. Using the methods described above, subtilisin plasmid has incorporated thereto a CMTI-III (inhibitor) gene for expression of a CMTI fusion protein.
  • the data can be rationalized as follows: The fusion proteins are made, and the activity data indicate that the protease and inhibitor moieties appear to bind properly. Furthermore, these data are consistent with the protease hydrolyzing the inhibitor over time. These data are also consistent with our other results indicating that SSI is more stable than eglin in the presence of protease and detergent.
  • the fusion protein performs similarly and act as the native protease and inhibitor, notwithstanding the fact that they are a fusion protein compared to the same protease and inhibitor when not expressed as a fusion protein.
  • the fusion protein can contain alterations in the protease portion or the inhibitor portion of the fusion protein.
  • SSI is the inhibitor
  • variants are made using standard methods as described above. Variants of the present invention are exemplified in the tables below.
  • the sequence of the inhibitor is given, rather than the fusion protein. This is for ease in determining the actual position of the mutation relative to the original amino acid occurring in the native inhibitor.
  • the amino acid in native wild-type is given first, the position number second, and the substituted amino acid third.
  • M73D means that the Methionine (M) which appeared as the seventy third amino acid (position 73) in the native inhibitor is replaced with Aspartic acid (D).
  • antibodies to the fusion protein of the invention may be prepared using known methodologies.
  • the fusion proteins of the invention can be injected into suitable mammalian subjects such as mice, rabbits, and the like. Suitable protocols involve repeated injection of the immunogen in the presence of adjuvants according to a schedule which boosts production of antibodies in the serum.
  • the titers of the immune serum can readily be measured using immunoassay procedures, now standard in the art, employing the invention compounds as antigens.
  • the antisera obtained can be used directly or monoclonal antibodies may be obtained by harvesting the peripheral blood lymphocytes or the spleen of the immunized animal and immortalizing the antibody-producing cells, followed by identifying the suitable antibody producers using standard immunoassay techniques.
  • kits maybe prepared using these antibodies for one in the field to use to determine expression levels and the like.
  • Such antibodies can also be coupled to labels such as scintigraphic labels, e.g., Tc-99 or 1-131, or fluorescent labels, using standard coupling methods.
  • the labeled antibodies can also be used in competitive assays, such as kinetic assays used to determine Ki. V. Cleaning Compositions
  • an effective amount of one or more fusion proteins are included in compositions useful for cleaning a variety of surfaces in need of peptide stain removal.
  • cleaning compositions include detergent compositions for cleaning hard surfaces, unlimited in form (e.g., liquid and granular); detergent compositions for cleaning fabrics, unlimited in form (e.g., granular, liquid and bar formulations); dishwashing compositions (unlimited in form); oral cleaning compositions, unlimited in form (e.g., dentifrice, toothpaste and mouthwash formulations); denture cleaning compositions, unlimited in form (e.g., liquid, tablet); and contact lens cleaning compositions, unlimited in form (e.g., liquid, tablet).
  • the cleaning compositions also comprise, in addition to the fusion proteins described hereinbefore, one or more cleaning composition materials compatible with the protease inhibitor.
  • cleaning composition material means any liquid, solid or gaseous material selected for the particular type of cleaning composition desired and the form of the product (e.g., liquid, granule, bar, spray, stick, paste, gel), which materials are also compatible with the fusion protein used in the composition.
  • the specific selection of cleaning composition materials are readily made by considering the surface material to be cleaned, the desired form of the composition for the cleaning condition during use (e.g., through the wash detergent use).
  • non-fabric cleaning compositions include hard surface cleaning compositions, dishwashing compositions, oral cleaning compositions, denture cleaning compositions and contact lens cleaning compositions.
  • compatible means the cleaning composition materials do not reduce the proteolytic activity of the fusion protein to such an extent that the protease is not effective as desired during normal use situations.
  • Specific cleaning composition materials are exemplified in detail hereinafter.
  • the cleaning compositions comprise from about 0.0001% to about 10% of one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, more preferably from about 0.001% to about 1%, more preferably still from about 0.01% to about 0.1%.
  • the fusion proteins of the present invention can be used in a variety of detergent compositions.
  • the fusion proteins can be used with various conventional ingredients to provide fully-formulated hard-surface cleaners, dishwashing compositions, fabric laundering compositions and the like.
  • Such compositions can be in the form of liquids, granules, bars and the like.
  • Such compositions can be formulated as modern "concentrated" detergents which contain as much as 30%-60% by weight of surfactants.
  • the cleaning compositions herein can optionally, and preferably, contain various anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, etc., surfactants. Such surfactants are typically present at levels of from about 5% to about 35% of the compositions. 1. Anionic Surfactants
  • alkyl ester sulfonates are desirable because they can be made with renewable, non-petroleum resources.
  • Preparation of the alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant component can be effected according to known methods disclosed in the technical literature. For instance, linear esters of Cg-C 20 carboxylic acids can be sulfonated with gaseous SOg according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society," 52 (1975), pp. 323-329. Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm, and coconut oils, etc.
  • the preferred alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant comprises alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants.
  • Suitable salts include metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts, and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium salts, such as methyl-, dimethyl, trimethyl, and quaternary ammonium cations, e.g. tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium, and cations derived from alkanolamines, e.g. monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.
  • the surfactant contains C 10 - C 16 alkyl, and methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
  • the methyl ester sulfonates having a alkyl.
  • Alkyl sulfate surfactants are another type of anionic surfactant of importance for use herein. These surfactants provide excellent overall cleaning ability when used in combination with polyhydroxy fatty acid amides (see below), good grease/oil cleaning over a wide range of temperatures, concentrations, and wash times.
  • R preferably is a C 10 -C 24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C 10 -C2 0 alkyl component, more preferably a C- ⁇ -C j g alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium), substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cations such as methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations, e.g., tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium, and cations derived from alkanolamines such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • alkyl chains of C 12 . 16 are preferred for lower wash temperatures (e.
  • Alkyl alkoxylated sulfate surfactants are another category of useful anionic surfactant. These surfactants are water soluble salts or acids typically of the formula RO(A) SO-M wherein R is an unsubstituted C- Q-C 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a C ⁇ g-C 24 alkyl component, preferably a C 12 -C 20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C 12 -C.g alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation.
  • R is an unsubstituted C- Q-C 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a
  • Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein.
  • Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl-ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium, dimethyl piperidinium and cations derived from alkanolamines, e.g.
  • anionic surfactants useful for purposes can also be included in the compositions hereof. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, Cg-C 20 linear alkylbenzenesulphonates, g-C 22 primary or secondary alkanesulphonates, C 8" ⁇ 24 ole fi ns ulphonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulphonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent specification No.
  • salts including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts
  • Cg-C 20 linear alkylbenzenesulphonates g-C 22 primary or secondary alkanesulphonates
  • C 8" ⁇ 24 ole fi ns ulphonates C
  • alkyl glycerol sulfonates alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isothionates such as the acyl isothionates, N-acyl taurates, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated 12 -C 18 monoesters) diesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated Cg-C ⁇ 4 diesters), N-acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside
  • Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further examples are given in SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS AND DETERGENTS (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23 (herein incorporated by reference). 2. Nonionic Detergent Surfactants
  • Suitable nonionic detergent surfactants are generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975, at column 13, line 14 through column 16, line 6, incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary, non-limiting classes of useful nonionic surfactants are listed below.
  • the polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols are preferred. These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration with the alkylene oxide.
  • the ethylene oxide is present in an amount equal to from about 5 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
  • nonionic surfactants of this type include Igepal CO-630, marketed by the GAF Corporation; and Triton R X-45, X-114, X-100, and X-102, all marketed by the Rohm & Haas Company. These compounds are commonly referred to as alkyl phenol alkoxylates, (e.g., alkyl phenol ethoxylates).
  • the condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms with from about 2 to about 18 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include Tergitol 15-S-9 (the condensation product of p
  • Neodol ⁇ 45-9 the condensation product of C, ⁇ -
  • Neodol 23-6.5 the condensation product of ⁇ -C ⁇ linear alcohol with 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide
  • Neodol 45-7 the condensation product of C ⁇ -C... linear alcohol with
  • Neodol 45-4 (the condensation product of C 14 - C 15 linear alcohol with 4 moles of ethylene oxide), marketed by Shell Chemical Company, and Kyro EOB (the condensation product of C ⁇ -C ⁇ alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide), marketed by The Procter & Gamble Company.
  • This category of nonionic surfactant is referred to generally as "alkyl ethoxylates.”
  • the hydrophobic portion of these compounds preferably has a molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 1800 and exhibits water insolubility.
  • the addition of polyoxyethylene moieties to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the water solubility of the molecule as a whole, and the liquid character of the product is retained up to the point where the polyoxyethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product, which corresponds to condensation with up to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • Examples of compounds of this p type include certain of the commercially-available Pluronic surfactants, marketed by BASF.
  • the condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine consist of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and excess propylene oxide, and generally has a molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 3000.
  • This hydrophobic moiety is condensed with ethylene oxide to the extent that the condensation product contains from about 40% to about 80% by weight of polyoxyethylene and has a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11 ,000.
  • Examples of this type of p nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available Tetronic compounds, marketed by BASF.
  • Semi-polar nonionic surfactants are a special category of nonionic surfactants which include water-soluble a ine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; water-soluble phosphine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
  • Semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants include the amine oxide surfactants, having alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkyl phenyl group or mixtures thereof containing from about 8 to about 26 carbon atoms; hydroxyalkylene group or a polyethylene oxide group containing from about 1 to about 3 ethylene oxide groups. Such groups can be attached to each other, e.g., through an oxygen or nitrogen atom, to form a ring structure.
  • amine oxide surfactants in particular include C- Q-C-Q alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and Cg-C 12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxy ethyl amine oxides.
  • Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties.
  • the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.
  • the intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6- positions on the preceding saccharide units.
  • a polyalkylene-oxide chain joining the hydrophobic moiety and the polysaccharide moiety.
  • the preferred alkyleneoxide is ethylene oxide.
  • Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from about 8 to about 18, preferably from about 10 to about 16, carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group is a straight chain saturated alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group can contain up to about 3 hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkyleneoxide chain can contain up to about 10, preferably less than 5, alkyleneoxide moieties.
  • Suitable alkyl polysaccharides are octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyldodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides, galactosides, lactosides, glucoses, fructosides, fructoses and/or galactoses.
  • Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexa-glucosides.
  • the preferred alkylpolyglycosides contain a capping group selected from consisting of alkyl, alkyl-phenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3, preferably 2; t is from 0 to about 10, preferably 0; and x is from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7.
  • the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose.
  • the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form the glucoside (attachment at the 1 -position).
  • the additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their 1 -position and the preceding glycosyl units
  • Fatty acid amide surfactants preferably having an alkyl group containing from about 7 to about 21 (preferably from about 9 to about 17) carbon atoms.
  • Preferred amides are Q-C 2 Q ammonia amides, monoethanolamides, diethanolamides, and isopropanolamides.
  • Cationic surfactants can also be included in detergent compositions of the present invention.
  • Cationic surfactants include the ammonium surfactants such as alkyldimethyl-ammonium halogenides, and those surfactants having alkyl, alkylaryl, or aryl sidechains; hydroylated or oxygenated sidechains, including polymers of cellulose of other sugars or sugar like moieties, preferably having a molecular weight less than about 1000; and X is any compatible anion.
  • Ampholytic surfactants can be incorporated into the detergent compositions hereof. These surfactants can be broadly described as aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched.
  • One of the aliphatic substituents contains at least about 8 carbon atoms, typically from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and at least one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, lines 18-35 (herein incorporated by reference) for examples of ampholytic surfactants.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants can also be incorporated into the detergent compositions hereof. These surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, line 38 through column 22, line 48 (herein incorporated by reference) for examples of zwitterionic surfactants.
  • Ampholytic and zwitterionic surfactants are generally used in combination with one or more anionic and/or nonionic surfactants.
  • the liquid detergent compositions hereof may also contain an "enzyme performance-enhancing amount" of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant.
  • enzyme-enhancing is meant that the formulator of the composition can select an amount of polyhydroxy fatty acid amide to be incorporated into the compositions that will improve enzyme cleaning performance of the detergent composition. In general, for conventional levels of enzyme, the incorporation of about 1%, by weight, polyhydroxy fatty acid amide will enhance enzyme performance.
  • the detergent compositions hereof will typically comprise at least about 1% weight basis, polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant and preferably at least from about 3% to about 50%, most preferably from about 3% to 30%, of the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant is of formula O R ⁇
  • R - is H, C. j -C 4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl, or a mixture thereof, preferably C..-C 4 alkyl, more preferably C.
  • R is a C ⁇ -C 31 hydrocarbyl, preferably straight chain C-,-C ⁇ g alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain C 8 -C 17 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C ⁇ -C ⁇ alkyl or alkenyl, or mixtures thereof; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
  • Z preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z will be a glycityl.
  • Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose.
  • high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials.
  • Z preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2-(CHOH) n -CH2OH, -CH(CH 2 OH)-(CHOH) n _ ⁇ - CH 2 OH,
  • n is an integer from 3 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide. Most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly -CH 2 - (CHOH) 4 -CH 2 OH.
  • R' can be, for example, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N- isopropyl, N-butyl, N-2-hydroxy ethyl, or N-2-hydroxy propyl.
  • R2-CO-N ⁇ can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, my ⁇ stamide, capncamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc
  • Z can be 1-deoxyglucityl, 2-deoxyfruct ⁇ tyl, 1-deoxymalt ⁇ tyl, 1-deoxylact ⁇ tyl, 1-deoxygaiactityl, 1-deoxymann ⁇ tyl, 1-deoxymaltotr ⁇ ot ⁇ tyl, etc.
  • polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known in the art. In general, they can be made by reacting an alkyl amine with a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction to form a corresponding N-alkyl polyhydroxyamine, and then reacting the N-alkyl polyhydroxyamme with a fatty aliphatic ester or triglyceride in a condensation/amidation step to form the N- alkyl, N-polyhydroxy fatty acid amide product
  • Processes for making compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are disclosed, for example, in G.B. Patent Specification 809,060, published February 18, 1959, by Thomas Hedley & Co., Ltd., U.S.
  • Nonlimiting examples of surfactants useful herein include the C ⁇ -
  • alkyl alkoxy sulfates AES
  • alkyl alkoxy carboxylates AEC
  • AES alkyl alkoxy sulfates
  • AEC alkyl alkoxy carboxylates
  • Other conventional useful surfactants are listed in standard texts. Particularly useful surfactants include the C-10-C 8 N-methyl glucamides disclosed in US Patent 5, 194,639, Connor et al., issued March 16, 1993, incorporated herein by reference.
  • compositions herein A wide variety of other ingredients useful in detergent cleaning compositions can be included in the compositions herein, including other active ingredients, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, dyes or pigments, solvents for liquid formulations, etc.
  • suds boosters such as the C10-C16 alkolamides can be incorporated into the compositions, typically at about 1% to about 10% levels.
  • the C10- 14 monoethanoi and diethanol amides illustrate a typical class of such suds boosters.
  • Use of such suds boosters with high sudsing adjunct surfactants such as the amine oxides, betaines and sultaines noted above is also advantageous.
  • soluble magnesium salts such as MgC.2, MgS0 4 , and the like, can be added at levels of, typically, from about 0.1% to about 2%, to provide additionally sudsing.
  • the formulator may wish to employ various additional enzymes, such as celluiases, lipases, amylases and proteases in such compositions, typically at levels of from about 0.001% to about 1% by weight.
  • additional enzymes such as celluiases, lipases, amylases and proteases
  • Various fabric care enzymes are well-known in the laundry detergent art.
  • compositions herein further comprise a performance-enhancing amount of a detergent-compatible second enzyme.
  • detergent-compatible is meant compatibility with the other ingredients of a liquid detergent composition, such as surfactant and detergency builder.
  • second enzymes are preferably selected from the group consisting of lipase, amylase, cellulase, and mixtures thereof.
  • the term “second enzyme” excludes the proteases discussed above, so each composition contains at least two kinds of enzyme, including at least one protease.
  • the amount of second enzyme used in the composition varies according to the type of enzyme. In general, from about 0.0001 to 0.3, more preferably 0.001 to 0.1 , weight % of these second enzymes are preferably used. Mixtures of the same class of enzymes (e.g. lipase) or two or more classes (e.g. cellulase and lipase) may be used. Purified or non-purified forms of the enzyme may be used.
  • Any lipolytic enzyme suitable for use in a liquid detergent composition can be used in these compositions.
  • Suitable lipase enzymes for use herein include those of bacterial and fungal origin.
  • Suitable bacterial upases include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas groups, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1 ,372,034, incorporated herein by reference. Suitable upases include those which show a positive immunoiogical cross- reaction with the antibody of the lipase produced by the microorganism Pseudomonas fluorescens IAM 1057. This lipase and a method for its purification have been described in Japanese Patent Application 53-20487, laid open on February 24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co.
  • Lipase P Lipase P
  • Amano-P Lipase P
  • Such lipases should show a positive immunoiogical cross-reaction with the Amano-P antibody, using the standard and well-known immunodiffusion procedure according to Ouchterlony (Acta. Med. Scan., 133, pages 76-79 (1950)).
  • Ouchterlony Acta. Med. Scan., 133, pages 76-79 (1950)
  • These lipases, and a method for their immunoiogical cross-reaction with Amano-P are also described in U.S. Patent 4,707,291 , Thorn et al., issued November 17, 1987, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Typical examples thereof are the Amano-P lipase, the lipase ex Pseudomonas fraoi FERM P 1339 (available under the trade name Amano-B), lipase ex Pseudomonas nitroreducens var. lipolvticum FERM P 1338 (available under the trade name Amano-CES), lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum. e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var. lipolvticum NRRLB 3673, commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli.
  • Amano-P lipase the lipase ex Pseudomonas fraoi FERM P 1339 (available under the trade name Amano
  • Suitable fungal lipases include those producible by Humicola lanuginosa and Thermomvces lanuginosus. Most preferred is lipase obtained by cloning the gene from Humicola lanuginosa and expressing the gene in Aspergillus orvzae as described in European Patent Application 0 258 068 (Novo Industries A/S), commercially available from Novo Nordisk A/S under the trade name LipolaseR.
  • lipase units per gram (LU/g) of lipase can be used in these compositions.
  • a lipase unit is that amount of lipase which produces 1 mmol of titratable fatty acid per minute in a pH stat, where pH is 9.0, temperature is 30 ⁇ C, substrate is an emulsion of 3.3wt % of olive oil and 3.3% gum arabic, in the presence of 13 mmol/l Ca ++ and 20 mmol/l NaCI in 5 mmol/l Tris-buffer.
  • Suitable cellulase enzymes for use herein include those from bacterial and fungal origins. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. From about 0.0001 to 0.1 weight % cellulase can be used.
  • Suitable celluiases are discfosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgaard et al., issued March 6, 1984, incorporated herein by reference, which discloses fungal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens. Suitable celluiases are also disclosed in GB-A-2.075.028, GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832.
  • celluiases produced by a strain of Humicola insolens (Humicola grisea var. thermoidea). particularly the Humicola strain DSM 1800, and celluiases produced by a fungus of Bacillus N or a cellulase 212-producing fungus belonging to the genus Aeromonas. and cellulase extracted from the hepatopancreas of a marine mollusc (Dolabella Auricula Solander).
  • Amylases include, for example, amylases obtained from a special strain of B.licheniformis. described in more detail in British Patent
  • Amylolytic proteins include, for example,
  • wt. % amylase From about 0.0001% to 0.55, preferably 0.0005 to 0.1 , wt. % amylase can be used.
  • the liquid detergent compositions herein can contain water and other solvents as carriers.
  • Low molecular weight primary or secondary alcohols exemplified by methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol are suitable.
  • Monohyd ⁇ c alcohols are preferred for solubilizing surfactants, but polyols such as those containing from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and from about 2 to about 6 hydroxy groups (e.g , 1,3-propaned ⁇ ol, ethylene glycol, glycerine, and 1 ,2-propanediol) can also be used.
  • the compositions may contain from about 5% to about 90%, typically from about 10% to about 50% of such carriers.
  • the detergent compositions herein will preferably be formulated such that during use in aqueous cleaning operations, the wash water will have a pH between about 6.8 and about 11 0. Finished products thus are typically formulated at this range. Techniques for controlling pH at recommended usage levels include the use of buffers, alkalis, acids, etc., and are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • bleaching compounds such as the percarbonates, perborates and the like
  • percarbonates, perborates and the like can be used in such compositions, typically at levels from about 1% to about 15% by weight
  • such compositions can also contain bleach activators such as tetraacetyl ethylenediamine, nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate, and the like, which are also known in the art. Usage levels typically range from about 1% to about 10% by weight.
  • Va ⁇ ous soil release agents especially of the anionic o goester type, various chelating agents, especially the aminophosphonates and ethylenediaminedisuccinates, various clay soil removal agents, especially ethoxylated tetraethylene pentamine, various dispersing agents, especially polyacrylates and polyasparatates, various b ⁇ ghteners, especially anionic b ⁇ ghteners, various suds suppressors, especially si cones and secondary alcohols, va ⁇ ous fabric softeners, especially smectite clays, and the like can all be used in such compositions at levels ranging from about 1 % to about 35% by weight. Standard formularies and published patents contain multiple, detailed descriptions of such conventional materials.
  • Enzyme stabilizers may also be used in the cleaning compositions.
  • Such stabilizers include propylene glycol (preferably from about 1% to about 10%), sodium formate (preferably from about 0.1 % to about 1%) and calcium formate (preferably from about 0 1% to about 1 %).
  • the formulator may wish to employ various builders at levels from about 5% to about 50% by weight.
  • Typical builders include the 1-10 micron zeolites, polycarboxylates such as citrate and oxydisuccinates, layered silicates, phosphates, and the like.
  • Other conventional builders are listed in standard formularies.
  • compositions will typically comprise at least about 1% builder.
  • Liquid formulations preferably comprise from about 3% to 30%, more preferably about 5 to 20%, by weight, of detergent builder.
  • Inorganic detergent builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta- phosphates), phosphonates, phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates), sulphates, and aluminosificates.
  • Borate builders, as well as builders containing borate-forming materials that can produce borate under detergent storage or wash conditions hereinafter, collectively “borate builders"
  • non-borate builders are used in the compositions of the invention intended for use at wash conditions less than about 50°C, especially less than about 40°C.
  • silicate builders are the alkali metal silicates, particularly those having a Si0 2 :Na 2 0 ratio in the range 1.6:1 to 3.2:1 and layered silicates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839, issued May 12, 1987 to H. P. Rieck, incorporated herein by reference.
  • layered silicates such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839, issued May 12, 1987 to H. P. Rieck, incorporated herein by reference.
  • other silicates may also be useful such as for example magnesium silicate, which can serve as a crispening agent in granular formulations, as a stabilizing agent for oxygen bleaches, and as a component of suds control systems.
  • carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates, including sodium carbonate and sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof with ultra-fine calcium carbonate as disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321,001 published on November 15, 1973, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Aluminosilicate builders are useful in the present invention. Aluminosilicate builders are of great importance in most currently marketed heavy duty granular detergent compositions, and can also be a significant builder ingredient in liquid detergent formulations. Aluminosilicate builders include those having the empirical formula: M 2 (zAIO 2 ySiO 2 ) wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium, z is from about 0.5 to about 2; and y is 1 ; this material having a magnesium ion exchange capacity of at least about 50 milligram equivalents of CaC0 3 hardness per gram of anhydrous aluminosilicate. Preferred alumino-silicates are zeolite builders which have the formula:
  • aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are commercially available. These aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived. A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel, et al., issued October 12, 1976, incorporated herein by reference. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P (B), and Zeolite X. In an especially preferred embodiment, the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula:
  • the aluminosilicate has a particle size of about 0.1-10 microns in diameter.
  • polyphosphates are the alkali metal tripolyphosphates, sodium, potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium orthophosphate, sodium polymeta phosphate in which the degree of polymerization ranges from about 6 to about 21 , and salts of phytic acid.
  • phosphonate builder salts are the water-soluble salts of ethane 1-hydroxy-1 , 1-diphosphonate particularly the sodium and potassium salts, the water-soluble salts of methylene diphosphonic acid e.g. the trisodium and tripotassium salts and the water-soluble salts of substituted methylene diphosphonic acids, such as the trisodium and tripotassium ethylidene, isopyropylidene benzylmethylidene and halo methylidene phosphonates.
  • Phosphonate builder salts of the aforementioned types are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Organic detergent builders preferred for the purposes of the present invention include a wide variety of polycarboxyiate compounds.
  • polycarboxylate refers to compounds having a plurality of carboxylate groups, preferably at least 3 carboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylate builder can generally be added to the composition in acid form, but can also be added in the form of a neutralized salt.
  • alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, or alkanolammonium salts are preferred.
  • polycarboxylate builders include a variety of categories of useful materials.
  • One important category of polycarboxylate builders encompasses the ether polycarboxylates.
  • a number of ether polycarboxylates have been disclosed for use as detergent builders.
  • Examples of useful ether polycarboxylates include oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in Berg, U.S. Patent 3,128,287, issued April 7, 1964, and Lamberti et al., U.S. Patent 3,635,830, issued January 18, 1972, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • ether polycarboxylates useful as builders in the present invention also include those having the general formula:
  • TDS tartrate disuccinic acid
  • Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S. Patents 3,923,679; 3,835,163; 4,158,635; 4,120,874 and 4,102,903, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • ether hydroxy polycarboxylates represented by the structure:
  • n is from about 2 to about 15 (preferably n is from about 2 to about 10, more preferably n averages from about 2 to about 4) and each R is the same or different and selected from hydrogen, C 1 -4 alkyl or C 1 -4 substituted alkyl (preferably R is hydrogen).
  • Still other ether polycarboxylates include copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1 , 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6- trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid.
  • Organic polycarboxylate builders also include the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids. Examples include the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid.
  • polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
  • Citrate builders e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium salt), are polycarboxylate builders of particular importance for heavy duty liquid detergent formulations, but can also be used in granular compositions.
  • carboxylate builders include the carboxylated carbohydrates disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,723,322, Diehl, issued March 28, 1973, incorporated herein by reference.
  • succinic acid builders include the C « -- C 20 alkyl succinic acids and salts thereof.
  • a particularly preferred compound of this type is dodecenylsuccinic acid.
  • Alkyl succinic acids typically are of the general formula
  • R-CH(COOH)CH 2 (COOH) i.e., derivatives of succinic acid, wherein R is hydrocarbon, e.g., .J Q-C 2 Q alkyl or alkenyl, preferably a. 2 -C 16 or wherein R may be substituted with hydroxyl, sulfo, sulfoxy or sulfone substituents, all as described in the above-mentioned patents.
  • the succinate builders are preferably used in the form of their water- soluble salts, including the sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
  • succinate builders include: laurylsuccinate, myristylsuccinate, palmitylsuccinate, 2-dodecenylsuccinate (preferred), 2- pentadecenylsuccinate, and the like. Laurylsuccinates are the preferred builders of this group, and are described in European Patent Application 86200690.5/0,200,263, published November 5, 1986.
  • useful builders also include sodium and potassium carboxymethyloxymalonate, carboxymethyloxysuccinate, cis-cyclo-hexane- hexacarboxylate, cis-cyclopentane-tetracarboxylate, water-soluble polyacrylates (these polyacrylates having molecular weights to above about 2,000 can also be effectively utilized as dispersants), and the copolymers of maleic anhydride with vinyl methyl ether or ethylene.
  • polyacetal carboxylates are the polyacetal carboxylates disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,144,226, Crutchfield et al., issued March 13, 1979, incorporated herein by reference. These polyacetal carboxylates can be prepared by bringing together, under polymerization conditions, an ester of glyoxylic acid and a polymerization initiator. The resulting polyacetal carboxylate ester is then attached to chemically stable end groups to stabilize the polyacetal carboxylate against rapid depolymerization in alkaline solution, converted to the corresponding salt, and added to a surfactant.
  • Polycarboxylate builders are also disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,308,067, Diehl, issued March 7, 1967, incorporated herein by reference. Such materials include the water-soluble salts of homo- and copolymers of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, itaconic acid and methylenemaionic acid.
  • organic builders known in the art can also be used.
  • monocarboxylic acids, and soluble salts thereof, having long chain hydrocarbyls can be utilized. These would include materials generally referred to as "soaps.” Chain lengths of 10 -C 20 are typically utilized.
  • the hydrocarbyls can be saturated or unsaturated.
  • compositions can be formulated as a variety of compositions, for instance as laundry detergents as well as hard surface cleaners or dishwashing compositions. 1. Hard surface cleaning compositions
  • hard surface cleaning composition refers to liquid and granular detergent compositions for cleaning hard surfaces such as floors, walls, bathroom tile, and the like.
  • Hard surface cleaning compositions of the present invention comprise an effective amount of one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, preferably from about 0.001% to about 10%, more preferably from about .01% to about 5%, more preferably still from about .05% to about 1% by weight of active of the composition.
  • such hard surface cleaning compositions typically comprise a surfactant and a water-soluble sequestering builder. In certain specialized products such as spray window cleaners, however, the surfactants are sometimes not used since they may produce a filmy/streaky residue on the glass surface.
  • the surfactant component when present, may comprise as little as 0.1% of the compositions herein, but typically the compositions will contain from about 0.25% to about 10%, more preferably from about 1% to about 5% of surfactant.
  • compositions will contain from about 0.5% to about 50% of a detergency builder, preferably from about 1% to about 10%.
  • the pH should be in the range of about 8 to 12.
  • Conventional pH adjustment agents such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or hydrochloric acid can be used if adjustment is necessary.
  • Solvents may be included in the compositions.
  • Useful solvents include, but are not limited to, glycol ethers such as diethyleneglycol monohexyl ether, diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, ethyleneglycol monohexyl ether, propyleneglycol monobutyl ether, dipropyleneglycol monobutyl ether, and diols such as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1 ,3- pentanediol and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. When used, such solvents are typically present at levels of from about 0.5% to about 15%, preferably from about 3% to about 11%.
  • volatile solvents such as isopropanol or ethanol can be used in the present compositions to facilitate faster evaporation of the composition from surfaces when the surface is not rinsed after "full strength" application of the composition to the surface.
  • volatile solvents are typically present at levels of from about 2% to about 12% in the compositions.
  • the hard surface cleaning composition embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples. Examples 7-12 Liquid Hard Surface Cleaning Compositions
  • Fusion protein of Ex. 7 0.05 0.50 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.03 Fusion protein of Ex. 10 - — - - 0.20 0.02
  • dishwashing compositions comprise one or more fusion proteins of the present invention.
  • “dishwashing composition” refers to all forms for compositions for cleaning dishes, including but not limited to, granular and liquid forms.
  • the dishwashing composition embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
  • Mg ++ (as MgCl2) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
  • fabric cleaning compositions comprise one or more fusion proteins of the present invention.
  • fabric cleaning composition refers to all forms for detergent compositions for cleaning fabrics, including but not limited to, granular, liquid and bar forms.
  • Preferred fabric cleaning compositions are those in the liquid form, a.
  • Granular fabric cleaning compositions are those in the liquid form, a.
  • the granular fabric cleaning compositions of the present invention contain an effective amount of one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, preferably from about 0.001% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.005% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight of active of the composition.
  • the granular fabric cleaning compositions typically comprise at least one surfactant, one or more builders, and, in some cases, a bleaching agent.
  • the granular fabric cleaning composition embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • Zeolite A (1-10 micrometer) 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • Zeolite A (1-10 micrometer) 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • Fillers e.g., silicates; carbonates; Up to 100 Up to 100 perfumes; water
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • Liquid fabric cleaning compositions of the present invention comprise an effective amount of one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, preferably from about 0.005% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 1%, by weight of active of the composition.
  • Such liquid fabric cleaning compositions typically additionally comprise an anionic surfactant, a fatty acid, a water-soluble detergency builder and water.
  • liquid fabric cleaning composition embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • Citric acid monohydrate 10.0 15.0
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • Citric Acid 7.10 3.00 3.00
  • Silicon anti-foam agent 1.16 1.18 1.18
  • Anti-foaming agents 0.06 0.085 0.085
  • Bar fabric cleaning compositions of the present invention suitable for hand-washing soiled fabrics contain an effective amount of one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, preferably from about 0.001% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight of the composition.
  • the bar fabric cleaning composition embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
  • Zeolite A (0.1 -.10) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.00
  • Polyacrylate (MW 1400) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20
  • Zeolite A (0.1 -.10) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.00
  • Polyacrylate (MW 1400) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20
  • one or more fusion proteins of the present invention may be incorporated into a variety of other cleaning compositions where hydrolysis of an insoluble substrate is desired.
  • additional cleaning compositions include but are not limited to, oral cleaning compositions, denture cleaning compositions, and contact lens cleaning compositions. 1. Oral cleaning compositions
  • oral cleaning compositions refers to dentifrices, toothpastes, toothgels, toothpowders, mouthwashes, mouth sprays, mouth gels, chewing gums, lozenges, sachets, tablets, biogels, prophylaxis pastes, dental treatment solutions, and the like.
  • the oral cleaning compositions comprise from about 0.0001% to about 20% of one or more fusion proteins of the present invention, more preferably from about 0.001% to about 10%, more preferably still from about 0.01% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.
  • pharmaceutically-acceptable means that drugs, medicaments or inert ingredients which the term describes are suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • the pharmaceutically-acceptable oral cleaning carrier components of the oral cleaning components of the oral cleaning compositions will generally comprise from about 50% to about 99.99%, preferably from about 65% to about 99.99%, more preferably from about 65% to about 99%, by weight of the composition.
  • compositions of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a wide variety of composition types, carrier components and optional components useful in the oral cleaning compositions are disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,096,700, Seibel, issued March 17, 1992; U.S. Patent 5,028,414, Sampathkumar, issued July 2, 1991; and U.S. Patent 5,028,415, Benedict, Bush and Sunberg, issued July 2, 1991; all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • denture cleaning compositions for cleaning dentures outside of the oral cavity comprise one or more fusion proteins of the present invention.
  • Such denture cleaning compositions comprise an effective amount of one or more fusion proteins, preferably from about 0.0001% to about 50% of one or more fusion proteins, more preferably from about 0.001% to about 35%, more preferably still from about 0.01% to about 20%, by weight of the composition, and a denture cleansing carrier.
  • denture cleansing composition formats such as effervescent tablets and the like are well known in the art (see for example U.S. Patent 5,055,305, Young, incorporated herein by reference), and are generally appropriate for incorporation of one or more fusion proteins for removing peptide stains from dentures.
  • the denture cleaning composition embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples. Examples 87-90 Two-layer Effervescent Denture Cleansing Tablet
  • Flavor 1.0 1.0 1.00 1.00
  • contact lens cleaning compositions comprise one or more fusion proteins of the present invention.
  • Such contact lens cleaning compositions comprise an effective amount of one or more fusion proteins, preferably from about 0.01% to about 50% of one or more fusion proteins, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably still from about 1% to about 5%, by weight of the composition, and a contact lens cleaning carrier.
  • Various contact lens cleaning composition formats such as tablets, liquids and the like are well known in the art (see for example U.S. Patent 4,863,627, Davies, Meaken and Rees, issued September 5, 1989; U.S. Patent Re. 32,672, Huth, Lam and Kirai, reissued May 24, 1988; U.S.
  • the contact lens cleaning composition embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
  • Nonionic surfactant polyoxyethiene- 2.00 2.0 2.0 2.0 polyoxypropylene copolymer
  • Anionic surfactant polyoxyethylene- 1.00 1.0 1.0 1.0 alkylphenylether sodium suifricester
  • any of the fusion proteins recited or claimed are substituted for the fusion protein(s) shown above, with substantially similar results.
  • An inhibitor having a Kj value of 1 x 10 **8 , prepared as in Example 7, is used in a liquid cleaning composition according to example 61. Characterization of the composition shows that the composition has more than 85% of the protease activity after 1 month.
  • NAME HAKE, RICHARD A.
  • TACTTCACTC TGCATTACCC GCAGTACGAC GTTTACTTCC TGCCGGAAGG TTCTCCTGTT 60

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Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à des protéines de fusion et à leurs utilisations, ainsi qu'aux gènes codant lesdites protéines de fusion. L'invention se rapporte également à des compositions de nettoyage contenant lesdites protéines de fusion.
PCT/US1997/016354 1996-09-24 1997-09-23 Proteases et leurs variants, sur lesquels sont fondus des inhibiteurs de protease peptidique WO1998013483A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10515703A JP2000506393A (ja) 1996-09-24 1997-09-23 プロテアーゼ、及びペプチドプロテアーゼインヒビターを融合したそれらの変種
BR9712838-4A BR9712838A (pt) 1996-09-24 1997-09-23 Proteases e suas variantes apresentando inibidores de proteases de peptìdio fundido à elas
CA002266418A CA2266418A1 (fr) 1996-09-24 1997-09-23 Proteases et leurs variants, sur lesquels sont fondus des inhibiteurs de protease peptidique
EP97942487A EP0941312A1 (fr) 1996-09-24 1997-09-23 Proteases et leurs variants, sur lesquels sont fondus des inhibiteurs de protease peptidique

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US2694796P 1996-09-24 1996-09-24
US60/026,947 1996-09-24

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JP (1) JP2000506393A (fr)
CN (1) CN1238805A (fr)
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BR (1) BR9712838A (fr)
CA (1) CA2266418A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998013483A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000001831A3 (fr) * 1998-07-07 2000-04-13 Procter & Gamble Proteases fusionnees avec des variants d'inhibiteur de subtilisine de streptomyces
WO2002016619A1 (fr) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-28 Novozymes A/S Procede de production d'un complexe inhibiteur de proteases
WO2003041680A1 (fr) * 2001-11-13 2003-05-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions topiques contenant des enzymes stabilisees a l'aide d'inhibiteurs
US6783941B2 (en) 2000-12-06 2004-08-31 Novozymes A/S Method for producing a polynucleotide library in vitro by mismatch repair of heteroduplexes
US7262042B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2007-08-28 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) Alkaline protease from Bacillus gibsonii (DSM 14393) and washing and cleaning products comprising said alkaline protease
US7449187B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2008-11-11 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) Alkaline protease from Bacillus gibsonii (DSM 14391) and washing and cleaning products comprising said alkaline protease
US7569226B2 (en) 2001-12-22 2009-08-04 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) Alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. (DSM 14392) and washing and cleaning products comprising said alkaline protease
JP2015117322A (ja) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 花王株式会社 衣料用洗浄剤組成物
WO2020074517A1 (fr) 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 Novozymes A/S Variants d'inhibiteur de chymotrypsine et utilisation associée
EP3875591A4 (fr) * 2018-10-31 2022-09-21 Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co. Ltd. Procédé de production d'une enzyme pour détergent ayant une résistance aux protéases

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2480649A1 (fr) * 2009-09-25 2012-08-01 Novozymes A/S Composition détergente
JP2012180514A (ja) * 2011-02-10 2012-09-20 Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd 液体洗剤組成物

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WO1993013125A1 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-07-08 Novo Nordisk A/S Production de proteines
WO1993020175A1 (fr) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-14 Novo Nordisk A/S Detergent contenant une protease et un inhibiteur de protease, et nouveaux inhibiteurs associes

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EP0319944A2 (fr) * 1987-12-08 1989-06-14 Zymogenetics, Inc. Co-expression dans des cellules eucaryotes
WO1993013125A1 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-07-08 Novo Nordisk A/S Production de proteines
WO1993020175A1 (fr) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-14 Novo Nordisk A/S Detergent contenant une protease et un inhibiteur de protease, et nouveaux inhibiteurs associes

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000001831A3 (fr) * 1998-07-07 2000-04-13 Procter & Gamble Proteases fusionnees avec des variants d'inhibiteur de subtilisine de streptomyces
WO2002016619A1 (fr) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-28 Novozymes A/S Procede de production d'un complexe inhibiteur de proteases
US6783941B2 (en) 2000-12-06 2004-08-31 Novozymes A/S Method for producing a polynucleotide library in vitro by mismatch repair of heteroduplexes
WO2003041680A1 (fr) * 2001-11-13 2003-05-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions topiques contenant des enzymes stabilisees a l'aide d'inhibiteurs
US7262042B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2007-08-28 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) Alkaline protease from Bacillus gibsonii (DSM 14393) and washing and cleaning products comprising said alkaline protease
US7449187B2 (en) 2001-12-20 2008-11-11 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) Alkaline protease from Bacillus gibsonii (DSM 14391) and washing and cleaning products comprising said alkaline protease
US7569226B2 (en) 2001-12-22 2009-08-04 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) Alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. (DSM 14392) and washing and cleaning products comprising said alkaline protease
JP2015117322A (ja) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 花王株式会社 衣料用洗浄剤組成物
WO2020074517A1 (fr) 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 Novozymes A/S Variants d'inhibiteur de chymotrypsine et utilisation associée
EP3875591A4 (fr) * 2018-10-31 2022-09-21 Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co. Ltd. Procédé de production d'une enzyme pour détergent ayant une résistance aux protéases
US12018262B2 (en) 2018-10-31 2024-06-25 Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co., Ltd Method for producing washing enzyme having protease resistance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000506393A (ja) 2000-05-30
CA2266418A1 (fr) 1998-04-02
EP0941312A1 (fr) 1999-09-15
AR009818A1 (es) 2000-05-03
BR9712838A (pt) 2000-12-05
CN1238805A (zh) 1999-12-15

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