WO1998012744A1 - Composants electroniques passifs, elements de circuit integre et plaquette - Google Patents
Composants electroniques passifs, elements de circuit integre et plaquette Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998012744A1 WO1998012744A1 PCT/JP1997/003365 JP9703365W WO9812744A1 WO 1998012744 A1 WO1998012744 A1 WO 1998012744A1 JP 9703365 W JP9703365 W JP 9703365W WO 9812744 A1 WO9812744 A1 WO 9812744A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electronic component
- substrate
- component
- passive electronic
- inorganic insulating
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000005385 borate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005375 strontium borate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005287 barium borate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPPSOOVFTBGHBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+);oxido(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]B=O.[O-]B=O ZPPSOOVFTBGHBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZCOASIWPFVBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylbut-2-ynyl)pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)N1CC#CCN1CCCC1 BZCOASIWPFVBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 terbineol Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H7/0115—Frequency selective two-port networks comprising only inductors and capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/12—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates
- H01L23/14—Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates characterised by the material or its electrical properties
- H01L23/15—Ceramic or glass substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/495—Lead-frames or other flat leads
- H01L23/49575—Assemblies of semiconductor devices on lead frames
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/58—Structural electrical arrangements for semiconductor devices not otherwise provided for, e.g. in combination with batteries
- H01L23/64—Impedance arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/58—Structural electrical arrangements for semiconductor devices not otherwise provided for, e.g. in combination with batteries
- H01L23/64—Impedance arrangements
- H01L23/66—High-frequency adaptations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
- H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
- H03H7/17—Structural details of sub-circuits of frequency selective networks
- H03H7/1741—Comprising typical LC combinations, irrespective of presence and location of additional resistors
- H03H7/1766—Parallel LC in series path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
- H01L2224/0554—External layer
- H01L2224/05541—Structure
- H01L2224/05548—Bonding area integrally formed with a redistribution layer on the semiconductor or solid-state body
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
- H01L2224/0554—External layer
- H01L2224/05573—Single external layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/10—Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/15—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/16—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process of an individual bump connector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48135—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip
- H01L2224/48137—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip the bodies being arranged next to each other, e.g. on a common substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
- H01L2224/48247—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/49—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of wire connectors
- H01L2224/491—Disposition
- H01L2224/4912—Layout
- H01L2224/49171—Fan-out arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/49—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of wire connectors
- H01L2224/491—Disposition
- H01L2224/4912—Layout
- H01L2224/49175—Parallel arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L24/49—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of wire connectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/00014—Technical content checked by a classifier the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01019—Potassium [K]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01046—Palladium [Pd]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01078—Platinum [Pt]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
- H01L2924/01079—Gold [Au]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/095—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00 with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials provided in the groups H01L2924/013 - H01L2924/0715
- H01L2924/097—Glass-ceramics, e.g. devitrified glass
- H01L2924/09701—Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/11—Device type
- H01L2924/14—Integrated circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/11—Device type
- H01L2924/14—Integrated circuits
- H01L2924/141—Analog devices
- H01L2924/1423—Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit [MMIC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/19—Details of hybrid assemblies other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/1901—Structure
- H01L2924/19011—Structure including integrated passive components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/19—Details of hybrid assemblies other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/1901—Structure
- H01L2924/1904—Component type
- H01L2924/19041—Component type being a capacitor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
- H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
- H01L2924/30107—Inductance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
- H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
- H01L2924/3011—Impedance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
- H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
- H01L2924/3011—Impedance
- H01L2924/30111—Impedance matching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/30—Technical effects
- H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
- H01L2924/3025—Electromagnetic shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H1/00—Constructional details of impedance networks whose electrical mode of operation is not specified or applicable to more than one type of network
- H03H2001/0021—Constructional details
- H03H2001/0071—Constructional details comprising zig-zag inductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H1/00—Constructional details of impedance networks whose electrical mode of operation is not specified or applicable to more than one type of network
- H03H2001/0021—Constructional details
- H03H2001/0078—Constructional details comprising spiral inductor on a substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H1/00—Constructional details of impedance networks whose electrical mode of operation is not specified or applicable to more than one type of network
- H03H2001/0021—Constructional details
- H03H2001/0085—Multilayer, e.g. LTCC, HTCC, green sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a passive electronic component, an IC component including the passive electronic component, and a wafer for obtaining the passive electronic component.
- the passive electronic component and the Ic component according to the present invention are suitable as surface-mounted high-frequency components used in the field of wireless devices such as mobile phones and car phones, or other various communication devices.
- Ic components used in high-frequency circuits such as mobile phones include Mitsubishi Electric Technical Report, Vol. 67, No.ll, and a paper in 1993, “UHF Band High-Efficiency F-Amplifier for Mobile Communications.
- the MM IC Monitoring Microwave Integrated Circuit
- passive circuits that merely occupy the pattern area are made independent of the GaAs substrate, and only active circuits formed by active elements such as transistors are provided on the GaAs substrate. Since it can be formed, the size of the GaAs substrate to be used can be reduced, and cost reduction can be achieved as a whole IC component.
- a passive circuit unit configured by passive elements such as a filter unit is integrated on an IC chip substrate configured by active elements to form a single chip.
- the passive circuit section is configured on the same GaAs substrate as the active circuit composed of active elements such as multiple transistors, so that it can be manufactured simultaneously with the same process. Therefore, mass production is extremely good.
- semiconductor component manufacturers do not usually need to purchase ceramic chip carriers as purchased components, which may reduce the overall cost of 1C components.
- the passive circuit part and the active circuit part are of the same kind but different. Configure on another IC board.
- the high frequency band in excess of several GH Z ⁇ tens GH Z the active circuit section is configured using a compound semiconductor such as G a A s (gallium 'arsenide).
- G a A s substrate is the resistivity 1 0 8 Q cm or more, a specific resistance of 2.3 x 1 0 5 2 (: .
- G Focusing on the advantage that a passive element such as a coil that can be used in a high-frequency band can be configured on an As substrate, the development of an MM IC for a high-frequency circuit using a GaAs substrate is currently underway. I have.
- the active circuit section and the passive circuit section can be manufactured by the same process, and since the passive circuit section is formed on a separate chip, it is designed according to the frequency band to be used (impedance). Etc.) can be aggregated for the parts that need to be changed. Therefore, by using a common IC chip for the active circuit section and changing only the IC chip for the passive circuit section, it is possible to provide a series of IC parts that match various frequency bands. Particularly in the high frequency band, a GaAs substrate to which a special additive is added may be used to bring out the characteristics of the transistor, and such a GaAs substrate is extremely expensive compared to a normal GaAs substrate. It was easy to become. Therefore, the G circuit used between the active circuit unit composed of active elements that require semiconductor characteristics in the high frequency band and the passive circuit unit composed of passive elements that do not require semiconductor characteristics is By using and separating the As substrate, IC parts can be manufactured at low cost.
- the pattern of the passive element formed on the MM IC is used. It is desirable to use conductors with low specific resistance, such as silver and copper, but these conductors
- a passive element pattern is formed on the GaAs substrate.However, in the passive circuit, it is necessary to frequently ground the duland electrode. is there. Normally, as a configuration of a substrate constituting a passive circuit, the wiring layers of the substrate are multilayered, a planar pattern of a ground electrode is set in a lower layer, and a signal line is set in an upper layer. If there is a node (electrode pattern in the circuit) that needs to be grounded in the passive circuit, that node is grounded to the ground electrode via a through-hole electrode.
- a method of forming a ground electrode on the side opposite to the side on which the circuit elements of the GaAs substrate are formed is considered.
- a second method there is a method in which a ground electrode is first formed on a surface constituting an element, an inorganic insulating layer is formed on the ground electrode, and a signal electrode is further formed on the inorganic insulating layer. Conceivable.
- the inorganic insulating layer formed between the ground electrode and the signal electrode is formed by vapor phase growth because a semiconductor process usually uses a high-temperature process.
- the thickness of the inorganic insulating layer can be only a few microns. Therefore, the line impedance of the signal line formed on the inorganic insulating layer becomes low, and the circuit design becomes difficult. In particular, the line impedance in the high frequency band becomes extremely low.
- high frequency coils are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 8-330130, 8-330154, and 8-330169.
- a spiral (spiral) coil electrode pattern is formed on a ceramic substrate, and both ends of the coil electrode pattern are drawn out to opposite ends of the substrate to form a chip coil.
- the coil electrode forming means a thick film printing technology, a wet plating technology, a thin film technology, and the like are used.
- the method using the thick film printing technology is advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost because it can be manufactured with simple manufacturing equipment as compared with semiconductor manufacturing equipment. Since the pattern is formed by screen printing and screen printing, it is difficult to form a fine line of less than 100 microns. In addition, when the conductor pattern is printed, bleeding or fading of the conductor occurs, and the conductor width and the conductor film thickness tend to vary. Due to these disadvantages, for example, in the case of a high-frequency coil, there are problems such as a limitation in miniaturization and miniaturization of the pattern, and a tendency that the inductance value is easily varied due to a variation in the formed pattern.
- Thin film technology is extremely effective in miniaturizing electrode patterns, improving electrical characteristics, and miniaturizing components.
- ceramic substrates are warped by firing. This makes it difficult to adapt ceramic substrates to semiconductor manufacturing technology. For example, during photolithography, the distance between the photomask and the wafer made of the ceramic substrate is different at each point on the wafer surface due to the warpage of the wafer, and the pattern accuracy is reduced. descend.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a passive electronic component or an IC component such as an IC chip, which can miniaturize a conductive pattern and design a small pattern area.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a passive electronic component or IC component having a substrate with a smooth surface, no defect, and easy correction of warpage. is there.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a passive electronic component or an IC component having a substrate having good machinability and excellent mass productivity.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a passive electronic component or an IC component having a substrate which can be manufactured by an inexpensive manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment.
- Still another object of the present invention is to miniaturize the conductive pattern with high accuracy, improve the accuracy of the constant value of each circuit element to be formed, and provide a circuit element and an aggregate of circuit elements in a small pattern area.
- Passive electronic components that can design functional circuits that are
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a wafer suitable for obtaining the above-mentioned passive electronic component or IC component.
- a substrate on which a passive circuit is mounted is formed of a composition obtained by mixing a ceramic component and a glass component.
- a passive circuit is formed on a substrate composed of a composition obtained by mixing a ceramic component and a glass component.
- the main component of the substrate according to the present invention is a metal oxide. Even if a passive circuit is formed on the substrate using a conductor having low resistance in a high frequency band, for example, silver or copper, no problem occurs. . For example, conductors with a width of several tens of microns can be formed by a thin film process.
- the passive electronic component of the present invention it is easy to form a multilayer substrate, and the overall structure can be reduced by increasing the number of layers.
- the conductive pattern provided on the surface can be easily conducted to the ground electrode via, for example, a through-hole electrode and grounded. That is, a ground electrode of a solid pattern for grounding is provided in the substrate, and the ground electrode and the surface of the substrate are The electrode pattern to be formed can be easily connected at any position.
- the substrate of the present invention it is possible to obtain a substrate having extremely few defects and having smoothness as compared with a ceramic substrate or a glass substrate.
- the strength is higher than that of a substrate made of glass alone.
- the fluidity at the time of substrate production is lower than that of a single glass, a multilayer wiring structure can be obtained.
- the substrate of the present invention is made of a composite composition of a ceramic component and a glass component, it has good machinability. Therefore, the firing warpage and unevenness of the entire substrate generated during the firing of the substrate can be easily removed by lapping. In particular, by appropriately selecting the mixing ratio between the glass component and the ceramic component, the machinability and the substrate strength can be satisfied almost simultaneously. Even in the case of individual division with a dicing saw or the like to make chips, good cutting properties can be ensured and mass productivity can be improved. In using the thin film manufacturing apparatus, it is desirable that the substrate has a disk shape applicable to the semiconductor wafer thin film manufacturing apparatus.
- the substrate according to the present invention is fired at a relatively low temperature of 100 ° C. or less and a short firing temperature holding time of about 10 minutes as compared with the case where the ceramic component alone is sintered. Is possible. For this reason, compared to the case of sintering a single ceramic component, the manufacturing equipment is inexpensive and the manufacturing time is short, so mass productivity is good. Naturally, compared to a semiconductor substrate manufacturing device that is a high-purity single-crystal substrate, the size and the amount of money are inexpensive as they are incomparable. Also, the manufacturing time of the substrate is significantly shorter. Therefore, according to the present invention, passive electronic components can be supplied at very low cost.
- an IC chip having an active element mounted on a semiconductor substrate such as a GaAs substrate is referred to as an impedance matching and filter.
- a passive IC with a circuit composed of only passive elements is placed side by side, electrically bonded, and these two IC chips are packaged in the same resin molded body, thereby forming one IC component and can do.
- the use of the Ic chip made of the passive electronic component according to the present invention makes it possible for semiconductor component manufacturers to use the IC chip of the first type of ceramic at a lower cost. It is capable of supplying IC components.
- the inorganic insulating layer forming the substrate preferably has a polished surface.
- it becomes a composite composition containing a ceramic component and a glass component, and even if the inorganic insulating layer that normally becomes a sintered body is warped by firing, this warpage is eliminated by the polishing.
- a conductor pattern can be formed on such a surface without warpage.
- the substrate can be adapted to semiconductor manufacturing technology, and a highly accurate conductor pattern can be formed in the process of photolithography. Therefore, the accuracy of the constant value of each circuit element to be formed can be improved, and the circuit element and a functional circuit that is an aggregate of the circuit elements can be designed in a small pattern area.
- the inorganic insulating layer made of the composite composition containing the ceramic component and the glass component good cutting properties can be ensured by selecting the type of component or the content of each component. Therefore, sintering warpage and unevenness of the entire substrate generated during sintering of the substrate can be easily removed by rubbing. In addition, by selecting the type of component or the content of each component, it is possible to obtain a passive electronic component having an inorganic insulating layer with a smooth surface, no defects, and little warpage.
- the conductor pattern is used as an element constituting a passive circuit.
- the conductor pattern alone or in combination with other components, forms the necessary passive circuit.
- Passive circuits specifically include at least one of an ingkta, a capacitor or a resistor.
- the above-described passive circuit may be a single-function circuit, or may constitute a functional circuit combining some of them.
- a typical example of a functional circuit by a combination is a filter or a power blur.
- Conductor patterns and other components Is appropriately selected according to the intended passive circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a passive electronic component according to the present invention
- Figure 2 is the electrical circuit connection diagram of the passive electronic components shown in Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is an external perspective view of an IC component having both a passive electronic component according to the present invention and an active electronic component;
- Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the IC component shown in Figure 3;
- Figure 5 shows the internal connection diagram of the IC components shown in Figures 3 and 4;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a part of a process for obtaining the IC component shown in FIGS. 3 to 5;
- Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view along line 9-9 in Figure 8.
- FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view shown only for understanding the structure of the passive electronic component shown in FIGS. 8 and 9;
- FIG. 11 is a partial sectional view showing a state in which passive electronic components including the chip coils shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 are mounted on a motherboard;
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a low-pass filter which is a passive electronic component according to the present invention
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 13-13 of FIG.
- Fig. 14 is an exploded perspective view shown only for understanding the structure of the passive electronic component shown in Figs. 12 and 13;
- FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state where the low-pass filter shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 is mounted on a mother board;
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a process of manufacturing a substrate according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a process after the process of FIG. 16;
- Figure 18 shows a cross section of the wafer before rubbing
- Figure 19 shows a cross section of the wafer after lapping
- FIG. 20 is a diagram summarizing the locations where the wafer is processed. Five
- the passive electronic components illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 are called passive IC chips.
- a passive IC chip refers to a chip in which circuit elements are formed on a substrate divided into small pieces.
- the illustrated passive IC chip includes a substrate 1 and a passive circuit 2.
- the substrate 1 has an inorganic insulating layer 11 composed of a composite composition obtained by mixing a ceramic component and a glass component.
- the passive circuit 2 is provided on one surface of the inorganic insulating layer 11.
- conductive patterns 3 1 to 1 317 for the passive circuit 2 On one surface of the inorganic insulating layer 11, conductive patterns 3 1 to 1 317 for the passive circuit 2, conductive patterns 30 to 308 for connection, and conductive patterns 32 and 33 serving as input / output terminals are provided.
- the conductor patterns 301-308, 311-317, 32, 33 are preferably formed by applying thin-film technology.
- One surface of the inorganic insulating layer 11 is preferably a polished surface. If it is a polished surface, a high-precision thin film forming technique can be applied to the formation of the conductive patterns 311 to 317, 301-308, 32, and 33 described above.
- the substrate 1 includes a first inorganic insulating layer 11 that supports the passive circuit 2 and a second inorganic insulating layer 12. Both the first inorganic insulating layer 11 and the second inorganic insulating layer 12 are composed of a composition obtained by mixing a ceramic component and a glass component.
- the substrate 1 further has a conductive layer 13 between the first inorganic insulating layer 11 and the second inorganic insulating layer 12.
- the conductive layer 13 is used as a ground electrode.
- the first inorganic insulating layer ⁇ 1, the second inorganic insulating layer 12, and the conductive layer 13 are integrated by sintering.
- the passive circuit 2 may be optional, and is not limited to the illustrated one.
- the embodiment shows a filter circuit including capacitors C1 to C5 and inductors L1 and L2, as shown in FIG.
- the capacitors C1 to C5 are obtained by the conductive patterns 311 to 315 formed on the surface of the substrate 1.
- the capacitors C1 to C5 are obtained between the conductive patterns 311 to 313 and the conductive layer 13.
- Capacitors C 4 and C 5 are obtained between opposing electrodes 31 and 314 and electrodes 315 and 315 on one surface of the inorganic insulating layer 11.
- Inktors L 1 and L 2 are obtained by meandering conductive patterns 316 and 317 configured as microstrip lines.
- the line impedance and the length of the conductive patterns 316 and 317 In order to obtain the required inductance, it is necessary to determine the line impedance and the length of the conductive patterns 316 and 317. In this case, since the thickness of the inorganic insulating layer 11 of the substrate 1 of the present invention can be freely changed, the degree of freedom in setting the line impedance of the conductor patterns 316 and 317 constituting the microstrip line is large. .
- the line impedance of the microstrip line is set by the line width, the relative dielectric constant of the inorganic insulating layer 11 inserted between the line and the GND electrode, and the thickness thereof.
- the thickness of the inorganic insulating layer 11 is considerably larger than the insulating film formed by the thin film technology, for example, several tens of microns to 100 microns or more. Since the inorganic insulating layer 11 is made of a composition of a ceramic component and a glass component, such a thickness can be easily realized. Therefore, a microstrip line with a high line impedance can be easily obtained compared to a microstrip line of several microns using thin film technology.
- conductor patterns 301 to 308 serving as GND pad electrodes are formed, and conductor patterns 32 and 33 serving as IN and OUT are also formed. It is formed on the inorganic insulating layer 11 so as to be capable of wire bonding.
- a passive circuit 2 is formed on a substrate 1 using inorganic insulating layers 11 and 12 composed of a composition in which a ceramic component and a glass component are mixed.
- a main component of the inorganic insulating layers 11 and 12 constituting the substrate 1 is a metal oxide, and a passive circuit is formed on the substrate 1 by using a conductor having low resistance in a high frequency band, for example, silver or copper.
- conductor patterns 311 to 317 for 2 are formed, no problem occurs.
- conductor patterns 311 to 317 having a width of about several tens of microns can be formed by a thin film process.
- the substrate 1 having the above composition can be easily multi-layered. 97/03365
- the conductive layer 13 In the case of multilayering, it is easy to sandwich the conductive layer 13 between the inorganic insulating layers 11 and 12, as shown in FIG.
- a conductive layer 13 As a ground electrode, the conductive patterns 301 to 308 provided on the surface can be transferred to the conductive layer 13 forming the ground electrode via, for example, through-hole electrodes. It can be easily conducted and grounded at any point.
- the substrate 1 according to the present invention is a composite composition containing a ceramic component and a glass component, and has the following advantages as compared with a ceramic substrate or a glass substrate.
- the powder particles constitute a grain boundary and are sintered, and there are many defects and the smoothness is not good. Further, when the substrate is fired, so-called firing warpage occurs on the entire substrate.
- the cutability against polishing is good, the number of defects is extremely small, and good smoothness is obtained.
- the glass component has fluidity, it is not suitable for forming a substrate having a multilayer wiring structure. Also, the strength of the substrate itself is weak.
- the inorganic insulating layer 11 composed of a composite composition containing a ceramic component and a glass component can provide machinability and surface quality by appropriately selecting the mixing ratio of the glass component and the ceramic component, and the components. Smoothness and the like can be satisfied almost simultaneously. Even when individual cutting is performed with a dicing saw or the like to make chips, good cutting properties can be ensured and mass productivity can be improved. Therefore, the warpage and unevenness of the entire substrate generated during the firing of the substrate can be easily removed by lapping. In addition, by selecting the type of inorganic component constituting the inorganic insulating layer 11 or the content of each component, etc., the inorganic insulating layer 11 having a smooth surface state, having no defects, and having less warpage can be obtained.
- the inorganic insulating layer 11 made of a composite composition containing a ceramic component and a glass component has a relatively low temperature of 100 ° C. or less and a temperature of about Baking is possible with a short baking temperature holding time of about 10 minutes. For this reason, compared to the case where the ceramic component alone is baked, the production equipment is inexpensive and the production time is short, so that mass productivity is good.
- the inorganic insulating layer 11 of the present invention which is a composite composition of a ceramic component and a glass component, has excellent force, cutability, and the like.
- the glass component is mixed with the ceramic component in a volume ratio of 50% or more, especially about 60 to 70%, the machinability and the substrate strength can be almost simultaneously satisfied.
- the first inorganic insulating layer 11 constituting the substrate 1 uses an insulating material having a relative dielectric constant of 15 or less, preferably 10 or less. The reason is that, in the high frequency band, if the relative dielectric constant of the first inorganic insulating layer 11 exceeds the above range, the stray capacitance between the formed patterns cannot be neglected, which makes it difficult to design the power pattern. It is because it accompanies.
- the inorganic insulating layer 11 has a polished surface 11 1. Since the inorganic insulating layer 11 is made of a composite composition containing a ceramic component and a glass component, it is typically a sintered body. Even if the inorganic insulating layer 11 made of a sintered body has warped due to firing, this warping has been eliminated by polishing, and the conductor pattern 2 is formed on the surface 11 1 1 without such warping. be able to. For this reason, it becomes possible to adapt the ceramic substrate to the semiconductor manufacturing technology, and to form the conductor pattern 2 with high precision in the photolithography process. Therefore, the accuracy of the constant value of each circuit element formed by the conductor pattern 2 can be improved, and the circuit element and a functional circuit that is an aggregate of the circuit element can be designed in a small pattern area.
- the glass content in the substrate 1 is preferably 50% or more by volume, particularly preferably 60 to 70%. If the glass content is less than 50%, it is difficult to form a composite structure, and strength and moldability are reduced.
- the glass component has a relative dielectric constant similar to that of the ceramic component as an aggregate.
- Specific examples include those generally used as glass frit, such as borosilicate glass, lead borate glass, barium borate glass, strontium borate glass, potassium borate glass, and zinc borate glass. .
- potassium borosilicate glass or strontium borate glass is suitable.
- the composition of glass Si0 2: 5 0 - 6 5 wt%, ⁇ 1 2 ⁇ 3: 5 ⁇ 1 5 wt%, B 2 0 3: 8% by weight or less, CaO, SrO, BaO, and MgO 1 to 4 types: 15 to 40% by weight, Pb ⁇ : 30% by weight or less.
- the above composition, further Bi 2, Ti0 2, Zr0 2 , Y 2 0 one or more selected from 3 or the like may be contained 5 wt% or less.
- a substrate material having a composite structure in which such a glass component is used as a base material and a ceramic component is used as an aggregate can be fired at a low temperature.
- a low-resistance conductor material that can be fired at a temperature of about 100 ° C. or less, such as Au, Ag, Ag—Pd, Cu, and Pt.
- Fig. 3 is an external perspective view of an IC component having both passive electronic components and active electronic components
- Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the IC component shown in Fig. 3
- Fig. 5 is an IC part shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
- the internal connection diagram of a product is shown.
- the illustrated IC component includes at least one passive electronic component 4, at least one active electronic component 5, an insulating sheath 6, and lead conductors 71 to 716.
- the passive electronic component 4 and the active electronic component 5 are arranged side by side with each other.
- the insulating sheath 6 is made of resin or the like, and covers the passive electronic component 4 and the active electronic component 5 to form one package.
- the lead conductors 70 1 to 7 16 are connected to the passive electronic component 4 and the active electronic component 5 inside the insulating sheath 6, and are led out of the insulating sheath 6.
- the passive electronic component 4 is the passive IC chip shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and forms a filter circuit, for example.
- the active electronic component 5 is composed of, for example, a plurality of semiconductor elements. This is a semiconductor IC chip in which an amplification stage to be formed is formed on a GaAs semiconductor substrate to form an IC chip.
- the active electronic component 5 using the GaAs substrate has very good characteristics in a high frequency band exceeding several to several tens of GHz, and also has good insulation properties of the substrate. On the other hand, it is very expensive.
- an active electronic component 5 in which an active element is mounted on a semiconductor substrate such as a GaAs substrate, and a circuit including only passive elements such as impedance matching and a filter are mounted.
- the passive electronic components 4 are arranged side by side, electrically bonded, and the two passive electronic components 4 and active electronic components 5 formed into an IC chip are packaged in the same insulating outer package 6 to form one. IC components.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a part of a process for obtaining the IC parts shown in FIGS.
- the passive electronic component 4 and the active electronic component 5 are mounted on the IC lead frame 8, and bonding is performed by wires 9 in this state.
- the signal output of the active electronic component 5 in the width stage is directly wire-bonded to the passive electronic component 4 in the subsequent stage.
- connection using a plurality of wires is possible as a method of reducing the inductance generated by the wire bonding wire.
- a ground (GND) electrode particularly when used in a high frequency band, it is a preferable method for connecting a ground (GND) electrode.
- the passive electronic component 4 and the active electronic component 5 are resin-molded to form an IC package, the lead portion 8 1 of the lead frame 8 is cut, and the lead portion 8 1 is further cut. Then, the IC components shown in Figs. 3 to 5 can be obtained.
- the passive electronic component 4 since the passive electronic component 4 according to the present invention uses the substrate 1 containing the ceramic component together with the glass component, the strength is larger than that of the substrate made of glass alone. You. Therefore, when the passive electronic component 4 is mounted on the lead frame 8 by a mounting machine or when the ultrasonic connection is performed at the time of wire bonding, the substrate does not crack or break.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing another embodiment of the IC component using the passive electronic component according to the present invention.
- an active electronic component 5 such as a microprocessor and a passive electronic component 4 according to the present invention are combined.
- the passive electronic component 4 and the active electronic component 5 are both IC chips.
- the active electronic component 5 and the passive electronic component 4 are covered with the insulating sheath 6 and an integrated IC component is obtained.
- the passive electronic component 4 in FIG. 7 is inserted as a noise filter into bus lines 51 to 5 n for inputting and outputting signals of the active electronic component 5.
- the passive electronic component 4 is configured as an IC chip by arranging CR filters composed of the capacitors C1 to Cn and the resistors R11 to R1n in an array on the inorganic insulating layer constituting the substrate 1. It is.
- the passive electronic component 4 has output signal lines 41 to 4n.
- As the resistors R11 to R1n thin film resistors using nickel and chromium can be used.
- the illustrated passive electronic component includes a substrate 1 and a conductor pattern 2.
- the substrate 1 has at least one inorganic insulating layer 11.
- the inorganic insulating layer 11 is made of a composite composition containing a ceramic component and a glass component, and has a polished surface 11.
- the conductor pattern 2 is provided on the polished surface 111 and forms a passive circuit.
- the types of the ceramic component and the glass component for constituting the inorganic insulating layer 11 and their preferable composition ratios are as described above. In this embodiment, the same operation and effect as those described in the embodiment of FIGS.
- the conductor pattern 2 is used as an element constituting a passive circuit.
- the passive circuit is, at least, an inductor, a capacitor or a resistor.
- the above-described passive circuit may be configured as a single-function element, or may be configured as a functional circuit combining some of them.
- a typical example of a functional circuit based on a combination is a filter or a power blur.
- the passive electronic component illustrated in this embodiment is a functional circuit particularly used in a high frequency range. Suitable for roads.
- the conductor pattern 2 can be formed using a conductor having a low resistance in a high frequency band, for example, gold, silver, or copper.
- the conductor and the turn 2 are spiral coils.
- the substrate 1 includes a reinforcing layer 12.
- the reinforcing layer 12 is integrated with the inorganic insulating layer 11 on the side opposite to the surface 111 of the inorganic insulating layer 11.
- the reinforcing layer 12 may be made of a different material from the inorganic insulating layer 11, but is preferably made of the same material from the viewpoint of unifying the manufacturing process.
- the passive electronic component according to the present invention can be a single-function chip component such as a coil, a capacitor, and a resistor. It can also be applied to LCR composite circuit components such as filters and power blurs.
- the embodiment shows an example of a chip coil.
- a spiral conductive pattern 2 and two externally connected terminal electrodes 31 and 32 are provided on an inorganic insulating layer 11.
- the terminal electrodes 31 and 32 are formed on the same surface as the conductive pattern 2. With such a structure, since the conductive pattern 2 and the terminal electrodes 31 and 32 can be formed in the same process, mass production efficiency is good and the cost is advantageous.
- One of the lead portions 21 of the conductor pattern 2 is directly connected to the terminal electrode 31, while the other end 22 of the conductor pattern 2 is a through-hole electrode penetrating the inorganic insulating layer 11 in the thickness direction. 2 Connect to one end of 3.
- the other end of the through-hole electrode 23 is connected to one end of a lead conductor 24 formed between the inorganic insulating layer 11 and the reinforcing layer 12.
- the inorganic insulating layer 11 is connected to one end of a through-hole electrode 25 penetrating in the thickness direction.
- the other end of the through-hole electrode 25 is connected to a terminal electrode 32 formed on the surface 11 1 of the inorganic insulating layer 11.
- the surface of the conductor pattern 2 is covered with a protective film 40 (see FIG. 9) to protect the conductor pattern 2 from oxidation due to an external atmosphere.
- a solder film having a flat surface or a solder film 33 and 34 having a bulging shape is formed on the terminal electrodes 31 and 32.
- FIG. 11 shows a passive electronic component 5 composed of the chip coil shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state where the electronic component is mounted on a board 6.
- the chip coil 5, which is a passive electronic component according to the present invention has a surface 111 on which the conductor pattern 2 is formed facing a mounting surface 60 of the mother board 6, and It is mounted on 6.
- the solder layers 33, 34 provided on the terminal electrodes 31, 32 are melted on the electrodes 61, 62 on the motherboard 6 by a heat treatment such as a solder riff opening.
- the terminal electrodes 31 and 32 of the chip coil 5 and the electrodes 61 and 62 on the motherboard 6 are electrically and mechanically connected.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 show examples of the low-pass filter.
- the low-pass filter shown in the embodiment includes a substrate 1 and a conductor pattern 2.
- the substrate 1 has an inorganic insulating layer 11, and the inorganic insulating layer 11 has a polished surface 111.
- the conductor pattern 2 is provided on the polished surface 111.
- Conductive patterns 200 and 201 made of a microstrip line are formed on the polished surface 111 of the inorganic insulating layer 11. For each of the conductor patterns 200 and 201, it is necessary to determine the line impedance and the line length in order to obtain the required inductance. The length of the line is freely determined on the surface of the substrate 1.
- the line impedance is designed in consideration of the line width and thickness of the microstrip line, the thickness of the inorganic insulating layer 11 inserted between the microstrip line and the GND electrode, and its relative permittivity.
- the reinforcing layer 12 is lined.
- the thickness of the reinforcing layer 12 is changed to a value that compensates for the change in the thickness of the inorganic insulating layer 11, and the thickness of the substrate 1 becomes necessary.
- the thickness can be maintained at a value that can secure mechanical strength. Therefore, the line impedance of the microstrip lines 200 and 201 can be set freely by changing the thickness of the inorganic insulating layer 11.
- conductor patterns 202, 203 and 204 are formed so as to be continuous with the conductor pattern 200 or 201.
- electrodes 207 to 210 are also formed.
- the electrode 207 and the electrode 208 are formed so as to face each other, and the electrode 209 and the electrode 210 are formed so as to face each other.
- a conductor layer 205 serving as a ground (GND) electrode is provided over the entire surface.
- Terminal electrodes 31 and 32 serving as input / output electrodes of the low-pass filter are further formed on the surface 11 1 of the inorganic insulating layer 11.
- Reference numerals 215 to 218 denote GND electrodes used in combination with the input / output terminal electrodes 31 and 32.
- the GND electrodes 2 15 to 2 18 are connected to the conductor layer 205 formed inside the substrate 1 by through-hole electrodes 2 23 to 2 26 (see Fig. 14) provided on the inorganic insulating layer 11 Have been.
- Each electrode formed on the substrate surface is preferably formed by applying a conductive paste to a uniform thickness by spin coating or the like and then applying a photolithography technique.
- a protective film 40 is formed on the conductive pattern 2 (see FIG. 13).
- solder layers or solder bumps 33 to 38 are formed on the input / output terminal electrodes 31 and 32 and the GND electrodes 2 15 to 2 18 by solder pre-coating (see FIG. 14). .
- the GND electrode 205, the through-hole electrode, and other inorganic insulating layers provided inside the substrate 1 are formed by simultaneous sintering as described above.
- the low-pass filters shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 are represented by an electric circuit similar to that shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state where the low-pass filter shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 is mounted on a mother board.
- the low-pass filter 5 is arranged such that the polished surface 11 1 of the inorganic insulating layer 11 faces the mounting surface 60 of the motherboard 6.
- the low-pass filter 5 is mounted on the mother board 6 such that the input / output terminal electrodes 31 and 32 face the terminals 51 and 52 provided on the mother board 6.
- the GND terminal electrodes 2 15 to 2 18 are also positioned so as to be located on the terminals provided on the mounting surface of the motherboard 6. After that, heat treatment such as solder reflow is performed.
- solder pre-coat or solder bumps 33-38 Is melted by heat treatment at the solder riff opening.
- the input / output electrodes 31 and 32 of the mouth-and-pass filter 5 are electrically connected to the terminals 51 and 52 on the motherboard 6 and are fixed thereto.
- the GND terminal electrodes 2 15-2 18 are also electrically connected to the terminals of the motherboard 6 and fixed.
- the GND terminal electrodes 2 15 to 2 18 are similarly connected to the GND electrode layer 205 inside the substrate 1 by the through-hole electrodes 2 23 to 2 26 provided inside the substrate 1. .
- the GND electrode layer 205 provided inside the substrate 1 electromagnetically shields the circuit pattern 2 formed on the surface 11 1 of the inorganic insulating film 11 from the outside (especially from above). Configuration.
- the entire high-frequency circuit section is covered by a metal shield cover.
- the components mounted on the high-frequency circuit unit and the upper surface of the mounted components are not shielded with the GND potential. If the shield cover is attached, the components will be affected by the GND potential of the shield cover. Then, the frequency characteristics change. This tendency becomes more pronounced as the frequency increases. According to the electromagnetic shield structure shown in the embodiment, the above phenomenon can be avoided.
- an IC component (see FIGS. 3 to 7) is configured using the chip coil shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 and the low-pass filter shown in FIGS. 12 to 14. You can also.
- a method of manufacturing the substrate 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a plurality of inorganic insulating sheets 101 to 106 before firing are sequentially laminated.
- the inorganic insulating sheets 101 to 106 a large number of through-hole electrodes are formed on the sheet 101, and the land pattern 121 thereof appears on the surface of the sheet 101.
- the through-hole electrode and its land pattern 122 are formed by filling a conductive paste into a through-hole formed by punching the inorganic insulating sheet 101.
- a conductor film 122 serving as a GND electrode is formed on the sheet 102.
- the inorganic insulating sheets 103 to 106 are laminated in order to adjust the thickness of the whole substrate, and the number and the like are arbitrary.
- the inorganic insulating material constituting the inorganic insulating sheets 101 to 106 is selected according to the application. For example, when used in a high-frequency band exceeding 100 MHz, the specific dielectric constant of the insulating material is preferably 15 or less, and more preferably 10 or less. Dielectric constant too high Then, in the high frequency band as described above, the stray capacitance between the formed patterns cannot be neglected, which causes difficulty in pattern design.
- the substrate when spin coating or the like is used, the substrate needs to have good machinability during processing. Therefore, as a constituent material of the inorganic insulating sheets 101 to 106, a composite composition in which a glass material is used as a base material and a ceramic material is used as an aggregate is optimal.
- the constituent materials are selected according to the application.
- alumina ⁇ r10
- magnesia £ r9
- spinel er1 ⁇ 29
- silica er 4
- mullite ⁇ ⁇ 6.5
- forsterite ⁇ r 6
- steatite er 1 ⁇ 2 6
- cordierite er 5
- strontium feldspar ⁇ r ⁇ 4
- the content of glass in the inorganic insulating sheets 101 to 106 is preferably 50% or more by volume, particularly preferably 60 to 70%. If the glass content is out of the above range, it is difficult to form a composite structure, and strength and moldability are reduced. Further, it is desirable that the glass material has a relative dielectric constant equivalent to that of a ceramic material as an aggregate. Examples include those commonly used as glass frit, such as borate glass, lead borate glass, barium borate glass, stotium borate glass, zinc borate glass, and borate glass. Potassium borate or strontium borate glasses are preferred.
- composition of the glass is Si0 2: 50-65 wt%, A1 2 0 3: 5 ⁇ 1 5 wt%, B 2 0 3: 8 by weight percent, K 2 0, CaO, SrO , of BaO and Mg 0 1 to 4 types: 15 to 40% by weight, PbO: 30% by weight or less.
- the above composition, further Bi 2 0 3, TiO Zr0 2 , Y z 0 selected] or more from 3 may be 5 wt% or less.
- a low-temperature firing can be performed on a substrate material having a composite structure in which such a glass material is used as a base material and a ceramic material is used as an aggregate.
- a substrate material having a composite structure in which such a glass material is used as a base material and a ceramic material is used as an aggregate.
- Some low-resistance conductor materials It is preferred to use.
- a green sheet method capable of forming each layer easily and stably is preferable.
- a green sheet method first, a green sheet as a substrate material is prepared. The ceramic particles and glass frit as the aggregate are mixed, a vehicle such as a binder and a solvent is added thereto, and these are kneaded to form a paste (slurry). The paste is used, for example, by a doctor blade method.
- a predetermined number of green sheets having a thickness of preferably about 0.05 to 0.5 mm are produced by an extrusion method or the like.
- the particle size of the glass is preferably about 0.1 to 5 m, and the ceramic particle is preferably about 1 to 8 ⁇ .
- the binder contained in the vehicle include ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, and an acrylic resin.
- acrylic resins include methacrylic resins and acrylic resins such as butyl methacrylate.
- the solvent include ethyl cellulose, terbineol, and butyl carbitol.
- various dispersants, activators, plasticizers, and the like can be appropriately used according to the purpose.
- a through-hole electrode and its land pattern 121 are formed on the inorganic insulating sheet 101 by, for example, a screen printing method, and the conductor film 122 is formed on the inorganic insulating sheet 102.
- the through-hole electrode and land pattern 121 of the inorganic insulating sheet 101 are formed by filling a conductive paste into the through-hole of the inorganic insulating sheet 101.
- the conductive paste is preferably prepared by mixing conductive particles and glass frit, adding a vehicle thereto, kneading these, and forming a slurry.
- the content of the conductive particles is preferably about 80 to 95% by weight.
- the average particle size of the conductive particles is preferably about 1.01 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the binder is removed from the laminate by heat treatment (removal of the binder), and is performed at a temperature of 100 ° C. or less, preferably about 800 ° C. to 100 ° C. More preferably, calcination is performed by maintaining the temperature at about 850 to 900 ° C. for about 10 minutes.
- the firing atmosphere air, an inert gas such as O 2 or N 2, or the like can be used. In particular, air is preferred because of its simplicity and low cost.
- Cu is used as the conductor material, it is preferable to perform firing in an inert gas.
- the substrate 110 is punched to take out the wafer 100.
- the wafer 100 has a diameter of 3 inches, it is processed with an accuracy of about ⁇ 100 microns. This makes it possible to form a conductor pattern on the surface of the wafer 100 by applying a spin coating method or a photolithography technique.
- the wafer formation may be performed before or after firing the laminated body.
- the wafer 100 is made of a composite composition of a glass component and a ceramic component, and therefore, the processing after firing is preferable.
- the laminate Before firing, the laminate is in a soft state, so processing into wafers is easy. However, since the firing process causes shrinkage after firing (so-called shrinkage), the accuracy of the wafer shape as described above is obtained. Needs to be processed again after firing.
- the wafer 100 is hardened by firing itself.
- the glass material has a volume ratio of 50% or more, especially 60 to 70%. %, So the machinability is good. Therefore, punching with an ultrasonic processing machine or the like can be easily performed.
- the wafer 100 Since the obtained wafer 100 has undergone a firing step, the entire wafer is warped. In order to form a conductor pattern 2 by applying a spin coat method or a photolithography technique using a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, the wafer 100 must be able to be sucked by a vacuum chuck. In addition, since the conductor pattern 2 is formed using a photomask, it is necessary to have close contact with the photomask, or it is necessary to uniformly coat the photo resist or irradiate light uniformly. Therefore, the wafer
- the surface of the wafer 100 needs to be polished (wrapped) to reduce the entire warp of the wafer 100 to, for example, about 10 microns or less.
- the wafer 100 has good machinability, so that it can be easily wrapped. This eliminates the warpage of the wafer 100 and further reduces the wafer surface The smoothness is also improved.
- FIG. 18 is a view showing a state of a cross section of the wafer 100 before rubbing
- FIG. 19 is a view showing a state of a cross section of the wafer 100 after lapping.
- a conductive paste / photoresist is applied to the surface of the wafer 100 by using a spin coating method so as to form a uniform coating film.
- the spin coating is performed by rotating the wafer 100 and dropping and diffusing a conductive paste or a photo resist on the surface thereof.
- the wafer 100 is disc-shaped, and a part of the outer peripheral edge is chamfered. Since the wafer 100 has good cutting properties, the chamfering operation can be easily performed.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram summarizing the locations where the wafer 100 is processed.
- the wafer 100 is polished on the outer peripheral surface 131, is punched by an ultrasonic processing machine or the like of the orientation flat 1332, and the surface 133 of the wafer 100 is polished. Rubbing, chamfering of the edge of the wafer 100, and the like are performed. Since the wafer 100 is made of a composite composition of a glass component and a ceramic component, any processing can be easily performed. Processing such as lapping and chamfering is the same method as processing semiconductor wafers, and is an established method. Since the wafer 100 has better machinability than a semiconductor wafer, it can be processed in a shorter time than a semiconductor wafer.
- FIGS. 1 to 8 A method for manufacturing a chip coil (see FIGS. 1 to 8) as a passive electronic component according to the present invention using the wafer 100 obtained as described above will be described.
- a conductive paste is applied on the surface 11 1 of the inorganic insulating layer 11 to a uniform thickness by spin coating or the like. Since the surface 1 1 1 of the inorganic insulating layer 1 1 is a polished surface, a conductive paste is applied to the surface 1 1 1 of the inorganic insulating layer 1 1 so as to have a set uniform thickness. By sintering the paste film, a conductor film with a uniform thickness is obtained. be able to. Thereafter, it is preferable that the surface of the fired conductor film is mirror-polished, thereby improving the accuracy of a pattern formed later.
- a photo resist film is formed on the conductive film by spin coating or the like, and a photomask is applied to the conductive film by applying photographic technology to perform exposure and development, and an etching resist having a desired pattern is formed.
- a film After that, the exposed portion of the conductive film formed on the surface 1 1 1 of the inorganic insulating layer 1 1 1 that is not covered with the etching resist film is immersed in an etching solution to perform conductor etching, thereby obtaining a desired conductor pattern.
- the conductor base film is sintered.
- the conductive paste 2 has a photo-resist function, only one application step is required, which shortens the process and improves mass productivity.
- the protective film 40 is preferably formed of a resin or the like. As described above, spin coating and photolithography techniques can be applied. On the other hand, the pattern of the protective film 40 does not need to be as precise as the conductor pattern 2, so it may be formed using a printing method or the like.
- solder precoats or solder bumps 33 to 38 are formed by vapor deposition of solder metal or printing of solder paste, followed by heat treatment such as solder reflow. Is preferred.
- the present invention is not limited to a low-pass filter, but can be widely applied to any passive circuit such as a band-pass filter, a high-pass filter, a band-reduction filter, a power blur or a phission filter.
- the GND electrode does not necessarily need to be provided so as to cover the entire surface of the inorganic insulating layer, and may be patterned. Furthermore, it is possible to use more multilayer wiring layers. Noh.
- a capacitor by forming a dielectric layer on a conductive pattern formed on an inorganic insulating layer and forming a conductor layer on the dielectric layer. Also, for the coil / strip line, a structure may be adopted in which a dielectric layer or the like is formed on the conductive pattern, and a conductive pattern is further formed on the dielectric layer to reduce the conductive resistance of the conductive pattern. It is possible.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a chip coil but also to a chip capacitor and a chip resistor.
- a chip capacitor a structure in which electrodes are opposed to each other on the substrate surface is suitable, and a high-precision chip capacitor utilizing the advantages of photolithography technology can be obtained.
- a normal capacitor structure in which a dielectric layer is sandwiched between conductors can be obtained by a chip capacitor added on a substrate.
- the dielectric layer sandwiched by the conductors is formed by applying a dielectric paste with a spin coat. If the dielectric layer is a ceramic type, it is baked, and if it is a resin type, it is cured at an appropriate temperature.
- the terminal electrode can be formed by a process similar to that of a chip coil. If a resistor paste is used for the formation of the resistor portion, it can be handled in the same way as the conductor paste, and the same method as for the chip coil can be adopted.
- the terminal electrode can be used as an electrode for wire bonding used in I C or the like without forming a solder precoat or a solder bump on the terminal electrode. This type of use is suitable for multi-chip modules (MCM) implemented with IC components.
- MCM multi-chip modules
- a semiconductor IC chip constituting an active electronic component is mounted on a package substrate constituting the BGA, and It is also possible to mount the passive electronic component according to the present invention side by side. At this time, since the passive electronic component according to the present invention can form a solder bump on the external connection electrode, the passive electronic component according to the present invention and the semiconductor Equipped with IC chip In this case, it is possible to adopt flip-chip mounting.
- the semiconductor IC chip and the passive electronic component according to the present invention are respectively mounted on the package substrate of the BGA by flip-chip bonding and then sealed with a resin.
- the conductive pattern can be miniaturized with high precision, the accuracy of the constant value of each circuit element formed can be improved, and a circuit element and a functional circuit that is an aggregate of circuit elements can be designed in a small pattern area. Passive electronic components can be provided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97940456A EP1014443A4 (en) | 1996-09-20 | 1997-09-22 | PASSIVE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS, INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ELEMENTS, AND DISC |
US09/147,852 US6329715B1 (en) | 1996-09-20 | 1997-09-22 | Passive electronic parts, IC parts, and wafer |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8/250727 | 1996-09-20 | ||
JP25072796A JPH1098158A (ja) | 1996-09-20 | 1996-09-20 | Icチップ |
JP9/99448 | 1997-04-16 | ||
JP9944897A JPH10289822A (ja) | 1997-04-16 | 1997-04-16 | 電子部品及びウエハ |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998012744A1 true WO1998012744A1 (fr) | 1998-03-26 |
Family
ID=26440579
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1997/003365 WO1998012744A1 (fr) | 1996-09-20 | 1997-09-22 | Composants electroniques passifs, elements de circuit integre et plaquette |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6329715B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1014443A4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998012744A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (59)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8178435B2 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2012-05-15 | Megica Corporation | High performance system-on-chip inductor using post passivation process |
US6869870B2 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2005-03-22 | Megic Corporation | High performance system-on-chip discrete components using post passivation process |
JP3267276B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-25 | 2002-03-18 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 可変インダクタンス素子 |
US7173336B2 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2007-02-06 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Hybrid integrated circuit device |
JP3680683B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-06 | 2005-08-10 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 絶縁体磁器組成物 |
JP3680684B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-06 | 2005-08-10 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 絶縁体磁器、セラミック多層基板、セラミック電子部品及び積層セラミック電子部品 |
JP2001291615A (ja) * | 2000-04-06 | 2001-10-19 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 3端子型可変インダクタンス素子 |
JP3403699B2 (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2003-05-06 | 宮崎沖電気株式会社 | 半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 |
TW483129B (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-11 | Amkor Technology Taiwan Linkou | Package for image sensing device and its manufacturing process |
US7437187B1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2008-10-14 | Conductus, Inc. | Superconductive filter with capacitive patches providing reduced cross-coupling |
KR100382765B1 (ko) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-05-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 송수신용 수동소자와 그 집적모듈 및 그 제조방법 |
US6856007B2 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2005-02-15 | Tessera, Inc. | High-frequency chip packages |
US7176506B2 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2007-02-13 | Tessera, Inc. | High frequency chip packages with connecting elements |
US6759275B1 (en) | 2001-09-04 | 2004-07-06 | Megic Corporation | Method for making high-performance RF integrated circuits |
US6900527B1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2005-05-31 | Amkor Technology, Inc. | Lead-frame method and assembly for interconnecting circuits within a circuit module |
DE10152652A1 (de) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-30 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Hochfrequenzleistungsverstärker mit integrierter passiver Anpassungsschaltung |
US7015570B2 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2006-03-21 | International Business Machines Corp. | Electronic substrate with inboard terminal array, perimeter terminal array and exterior terminal array on a second surface and module and system including the substrate |
US7754537B2 (en) | 2003-02-25 | 2010-07-13 | Tessera, Inc. | Manufacture of mountable capped chips |
TWI236763B (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2005-07-21 | Megic Corp | High performance system-on-chip inductor using post passivation process |
US6972480B2 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2005-12-06 | Shellcase Ltd. | Methods and apparatus for packaging integrated circuit devices |
WO2005004195A2 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-13 | Shellcase Ltd. | Method and apparatus for packaging integrated circuit devices |
US8222721B2 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2012-07-17 | Silicon Laboratories Inc. | Integrated circuit suitable for use in radio receivers |
US20050095835A1 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2005-05-05 | Tessera, Inc. | Structure and method of making capped chips having vertical interconnects |
KR20060112591A (ko) * | 2003-10-17 | 2006-11-01 | 히타치 긴조쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 다층 세라믹 기판 및 그 제조 방법 및 이것을 이용한 전자기기 |
US20060113659A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Chi-Tsai Liu | Pulse transformer package and method for making the same |
CN1906715B (zh) * | 2004-12-20 | 2010-06-16 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 层压陶瓷电子元件及其制造方法 |
US7294904B1 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2007-11-13 | Xilinx, Inc. | Integrated circuit package with improved return loss |
US8143095B2 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2012-03-27 | Tessera, Inc. | Sequential fabrication of vertical conductive interconnects in capped chips |
CN1901163B (zh) | 2005-07-22 | 2011-04-13 | 米辑电子股份有限公司 | 连续电镀制作线路组件的方法及线路组件结构 |
DE102005050638B4 (de) * | 2005-10-20 | 2020-07-16 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Elektrisches Bauelement |
US7936062B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2011-05-03 | Tessera Technologies Ireland Limited | Wafer level chip packaging |
FR2911006A1 (fr) * | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-04 | St Microelectronics Sa | Puce de circuit electronique integre comprenant une inductance |
US8604605B2 (en) | 2007-01-05 | 2013-12-10 | Invensas Corp. | Microelectronic assembly with multi-layer support structure |
DE102007019811B4 (de) * | 2007-04-26 | 2014-11-27 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Schaltung, auf einem Chip aufgebrachte Filterschaltung und System |
JP5012896B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-26 | 2012-08-29 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 部品内蔵基板の製造方法 |
US8198547B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2012-06-12 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed pass-through components for printed circuit boards |
US20110017502A1 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2011-01-27 | Keith Bryan Hardin | Z-Directed Components for Printed Circuit Boards |
US8735734B2 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2014-05-27 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed delay line components for printed circuit boards |
US20110017504A1 (en) * | 2009-07-23 | 2011-01-27 | Keith Bryan Hardin | Z-Directed Ferrite Bead Components for Printed Circuit Boards |
JP5540912B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-12 | 2014-07-02 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 積層型フィルタ |
EP2309829A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-04-13 | Harman Becker Automotive Systems GmbH | Multilayer circuit board |
US8658245B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2014-02-25 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Spin coat process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
US9078374B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2015-07-07 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Screening process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
US8943684B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2015-02-03 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Continuous extrusion process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
US8790520B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2014-07-29 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Die press process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
US8752280B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2014-06-17 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Extrusion process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board |
US9009954B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 | 2015-04-21 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Process for manufacturing a Z-directed component for a printed circuit board using a sacrificial constraining material |
US8830692B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-09-09 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Ball grid array systems for surface mounting an integrated circuit using a Z-directed printed circuit board component |
US8912452B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-12-16 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed printed circuit board components having different dielectric regions |
US8822838B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-09-02 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed printed circuit board components having conductive channels for reducing radiated emissions |
US8822840B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-09-02 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Z-directed printed circuit board components having conductive channels for controlling transmission line impedance |
US9923101B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2018-03-20 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor structure |
US8969733B1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-03-03 | Anaren, Inc. | High power RF circuit |
WO2017214370A1 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-14 | Molex, Llc | Electronic component |
JP6899246B2 (ja) | 2016-06-10 | 2021-07-07 | モレックス エルエルシー | 電子部品 |
JP6504241B1 (ja) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-04-24 | Tdk株式会社 | ガラスセラミックス焼結体およびコイル電子部品 |
WO2019172332A1 (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | Sumitomo Electric Device Innovations, Inc. | Semiconductor device |
US10784243B2 (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2020-09-22 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Uniplanar (single layer) passive circuitry |
US11963911B2 (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2024-04-23 | Bone Foam, Inc. | Anterior cervical positioning system |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04103142A (ja) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-04-06 | Hitachi Ltd | ガラス板パッケージおよび半導体装置 |
JPH05160635A (ja) * | 1991-12-03 | 1993-06-25 | Yuseisho Tsushin Sogo Kenkyusho | アクティブフェイズドアレイアンテナ |
JPH06260566A (ja) * | 1993-03-04 | 1994-09-16 | Sony Corp | ランドグリッドアレイパッケージ及びその作製方法、並びに半導体パッケージ |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4313900A (en) * | 1980-06-26 | 1982-02-02 | International Business Machines Corp. | Method of forming a ceramic article with a glassy surface |
US4546406A (en) * | 1980-09-25 | 1985-10-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Electronic circuit interconnection system |
FR2567684B1 (fr) * | 1984-07-10 | 1988-11-04 | Nec Corp | Module ayant un substrat ceramique multicouche et un circuit multicouche sur ce substrat et procede pour sa fabrication |
EP0266210B1 (en) * | 1986-10-29 | 1993-02-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electronic apparatus comprising a ceramic substrate |
US5178934A (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1993-01-12 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Thick-film devices having dielectric layers with embedded microspheres |
US5121190A (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1992-06-09 | International Business Machines Corp. | Solder interconnection structure on organic substrates |
JPH06152303A (ja) * | 1992-11-09 | 1994-05-31 | Elmec Corp | 超小型電磁遅延線 |
US5353498A (en) * | 1993-02-08 | 1994-10-11 | General Electric Company | Method for fabricating an integrated circuit module |
US5450045A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1995-09-12 | Tdk Corporation | Multi-layer microwave circulator |
US6728113B1 (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 2004-04-27 | Polychip, Inc. | Method and apparatus for non-conductively interconnecting integrated circuits |
US5487931A (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1996-01-30 | Annacone; William R. | Rigid disc substrate comprising a central hard core substrate with a hard, thermally and mechanically matched overlying smoothing layer and method for making the same |
TW350194B (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1999-01-11 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co | Metal-foil-clad composite ceramic board and process for the production thereof the invention relates to the metal-foil-clad composite ceramic board and process for the production |
US5904499A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1999-05-18 | Pace; Benedict G | Package for power semiconductor chips |
US5491116A (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1996-02-13 | Corning Incorporated | Fine-grained glass-ceramics |
JPH08330154A (ja) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-13 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | チップ型コイルおよびその製造方法 |
JPH08330136A (ja) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-13 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | チップ型コイルおよびその製造方法 |
JPH08330169A (ja) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-13 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | チップ型コイルおよびその製造方法 |
US5644327A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-07-01 | David Sarnoff Research Center, Inc. | Tessellated electroluminescent display having a multilayer ceramic substrate |
US5644322A (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1997-07-01 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Spacecraft antenna reflectors and stowage and restraint system therefor |
US5742026A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1998-04-21 | Corning Incorporated | Processes for polishing glass and glass-ceramic surfaces using excimer laser radiation |
JP3689985B2 (ja) | 1995-07-10 | 2005-08-31 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 回路基板及びその製造方法 |
JPH0983144A (ja) | 1995-09-08 | 1997-03-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 厚膜/薄膜混成基板及びその加工方法 |
US6209352B1 (en) * | 1997-01-16 | 2001-04-03 | Corning Incorporated | Methods of making negative thermal expansion glass-ceramic and articles made thereby |
DE69718693T2 (de) * | 1996-03-08 | 2003-11-27 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Elektronisches Bauteil und Herstellungsverfahren |
US5949654A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1999-09-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Multi-chip module, an electronic device, and production method thereof |
US6116863A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 2000-09-12 | University Of Cincinnati | Electromagnetically driven microactuated device and method of making the same |
JP3250503B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-11 | 2002-01-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 可変インダクタ素子 |
US6038133A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 2000-03-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Circuit component built-in module and method for producing the same |
US5998876A (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 1999-12-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Reworkable thermoplastic hyper-branched encapsulant |
US5888884A (en) * | 1998-01-02 | 1999-03-30 | General Electric Company | Electronic device pad relocation, precision placement, and packaging in arrays |
-
1997
- 1997-09-22 EP EP97940456A patent/EP1014443A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-22 US US09/147,852 patent/US6329715B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-22 WO PCT/JP1997/003365 patent/WO1998012744A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04103142A (ja) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-04-06 | Hitachi Ltd | ガラス板パッケージおよび半導体装置 |
JPH05160635A (ja) * | 1991-12-03 | 1993-06-25 | Yuseisho Tsushin Sogo Kenkyusho | アクティブフェイズドアレイアンテナ |
JPH06260566A (ja) * | 1993-03-04 | 1994-09-16 | Sony Corp | ランドグリッドアレイパッケージ及びその作製方法、並びに半導体パッケージ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1014443A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1014443A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
EP1014443A4 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
US6329715B1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO1998012744A1 (fr) | Composants electroniques passifs, elements de circuit integre et plaquette | |
US7385286B2 (en) | Semiconductor module | |
JP2001060767A (ja) | セラミック基板の製造方法および未焼成セラミック基板 | |
KR20010015440A (ko) | 하이브리드 적층체 및 이의 제조방법 | |
JP2006140537A (ja) | 配線基板およびその製造方法 | |
US7009114B2 (en) | Wiring substrate, method of producing the same, and electronic device using the same | |
US6776862B2 (en) | Multilayered ceramic board, method for fabricating the same, and electronic device using multilayered ceramic board | |
JP4004333B2 (ja) | 半導体モジュール | |
JPH10289822A (ja) | 電子部品及びウエハ | |
JPH11273997A (ja) | 電子部品及びその製造方法 | |
JP3860675B2 (ja) | コンデンサ | |
JP2000323345A (ja) | 高周波電子部品及びその製造方法 | |
JPH1098158A (ja) | Icチップ | |
JP3451003B2 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
KR100970659B1 (ko) | 고 신뢰성 다층 기판 | |
JPH11329842A (ja) | 電子部品及びその製造方法 | |
JP2001143527A (ja) | 導電ペースト及びそれを用いたセラミック配線基板 | |
JP7614063B2 (ja) | 配線基板 | |
JP3998079B2 (ja) | 電子部品及びその製造方法 | |
JP2000323346A (ja) | 高周波電子部品の製造方法 | |
JP2004031699A (ja) | セラミック回路基板及びその製造方法 | |
JP2002076554A (ja) | 高周波用回路基板 | |
JP3015504B2 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
JP2004146818A (ja) | セラミック積層基板および高周波電子部品 | |
JP2004172342A (ja) | セラミック積層基板の製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09147852 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997940456 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997940456 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1997940456 Country of ref document: EP |