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WO1998011504A1 - Transpondeur passif - Google Patents

Transpondeur passif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998011504A1
WO1998011504A1 PCT/DE1996/001761 DE9601761W WO9811504A1 WO 1998011504 A1 WO1998011504 A1 WO 1998011504A1 DE 9601761 W DE9601761 W DE 9601761W WO 9811504 A1 WO9811504 A1 WO 9811504A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transponder
circuit
load
modulation
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1996/001761
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pourang Mahdavi
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to PCT/DE1996/001761 priority Critical patent/WO1998011504A1/fr
Publication of WO1998011504A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998011504A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
    • G01S13/758—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal using a signal generator powered by the interrogation signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transponder and in particular to a passive transponder and a modulation method for modulating the data sent from the transponder to a reading station.
  • Microtransponder technology is increasingly used in the field of applied microelectronics and microsystem technology.
  • a transponder is generally used to refer to a unit that is spatially separated from a basic system and that can receive, send, store and possibly also process data.
  • Microtransponders are spatially separated system components that are made possible by microtechnology, i.e. Microelectronics or microsystem technology are realized.
  • the distance between the transponder and the base unit can be divided into areas between a few millimeters, a few meters and even a few hundred meters. The different distance ranges are referred to as close range, middle range and wide range.
  • a microtransponder can contain a memory with an identification code and / or sensors for various physical and / or chemical quantities as sources of information.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic representation of an arrangement consisting of a reading station and a transponder is shown in FIG.
  • transponders which do not have their own energy source and which obtain their energy by means of a resonance circuit Lr, C ⁇ from an incident query field 10, which is obtained by an antenna of the reading station, which is caused by a coil L s .
  • Lr resonance circuit
  • C ⁇ incident query field 10
  • an antenna of the reading station which is caused by a coil L s
  • passive transponders Passive transponders can be built very small and have a theoretically unlimited lifespan.
  • FIG. 2 A more precise illustration of the typical arrangement of the known transponder in the query field of a reading station is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the reading station generates a high-frequency interrogation field 10 via the antenna Lg.
  • the transponder has a resonance circuit L T / c ⁇ which is matched to the frequency of the interrogation field and which takes energy from the high-frequency interrogation field 10 and thereby generates a voltage.
  • the voltage is rectified by a rectifier device, in the illustration in FIG. 2, the diode D, and also smoothed by a capacitor C s , which is connected in parallel with the resonant circuit.
  • the voltage U obtained in this way from the query field then represents the supply voltage for the actual transponder circuit 20, which can have, for example, a read-only memory and a control circuit.
  • the resistance of the transponder circuit can be modeled by the useful resistance R L shown in broken lines.
  • a voltage in the form of a returning wave is now generated by the transponder coil Iüp at the reading station, the amount of the voltage generated at the reading station being proportional to the current flowing through the transponder coil L ⁇ .
  • the data transmission from the transponder to the reading station takes place by switching on or off an additional modulation resistor R M lying parallel to the resonant circuit L ⁇ , C ⁇ by means of an electronic switch S.
  • This switch is controlled by the actual transponder circuit 20.
  • the transponder data which are stored in the read-only memory, for example, the switch S being controlled by the control circuit of the actual transponder circuit 20, are determined by processing this signal U S i gna ; Li.
  • the method of absorption modulation has the disadvantage of the additional load on the energy source of the transponder, namely the resonant circuit L ⁇ , C ⁇ , due to the modulation resistance R M.
  • This causes a reduction in the supply voltage U c and thus a reduction in the reading distance.
  • the modulation resistance R M of the transponder circuit is large compared to the useful resistance, which is modeled by the resistance R L.
  • the greater the useful resistance RL the weaker the signals Usignall 'arriving in the reading station, which increases the sensitivity of the system to interference, which in turn results in a reduction in the reading distance.
  • the absorption modulation method remains disadvantageous in that the absorption modulation destroys valuable energy in the modulation resistance R M , with the result that the range of the transponder system is always smaller than that of a pure one Energy transfer would be possible.
  • the present invention is based on the object of a passive To provide a transponder that allows data to be transferred from the transponder to a reading station with a reduced sensitivity to interference and an increased reading distance.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a modulation method for data transmission from a transponder to a reading station with a reduced sensitivity to interference and an increased reading distance.
  • the present invention provides a passive transponder with a resonance circuit having a transponder coil, a control logic, a switch controlled by the control logic, a supply voltage capacitor, a load lying in parallel with the supply voltage generator and a rectifier circuit for charging the supply voltage capacitor on account of one of the transponder coil Resonance circuit induced voltage, wherein the switch in its closed state connects the load and the supply voltage capacitor via the rectifier circuit with the resonance circuit and separates the load in its open state from the resonance circuit.
  • the passive transponder according to the invention solves the problem of additional energy destruction in the modulation resistor R jf according to the prior art and the low efficiency of the modulation in the case of conventional absorption modulation.
  • the modulation method according to the invention for data transmission from a transponder to a reading station is characterized in that the modulation of the data transmitted from the transponder to the reading station is carried out by switching between a payload of the transponder and a load with a higher impedance with respect to the payload. This switching is carried out in the preferred embodiment of the present invention by opening a switch which is connected between the resonance circuit of the transponder and the payload. Because of the effect generated by this switching, the method according to the invention can be referred to as idle modulation.
  • the modulation losses of the transponder are minimized by the method of idling modulation for the transponder. Since this reduces the energy consumption of the transponder and the necessary strength of the query field, the reading distance of the transponder system increases. Furthermore, the transponder signals arriving in the reading station are stronger when using the idle modulation than is the case when using the absorption modulation method. This results in greater immunity to interference and a lower error rate in the transmission. With the same range, the antennas, i.e. the coils of the transponder constructed according to the invention can be made smaller. This in turn means that the transponders can be built smaller and cheaper.
  • Figure 1 is a rough schematic representation of an arrangement of reading station and transponder.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a reading station and a transponder which is operated according to the method of Sorption modulation works
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a reading station and a transponder according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows diagrams of the "transponder supply voltage" U c and of the signals u signal and u signal 2 present at the reading station.
  • FIG. 3 A preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. Elements of the reading station / transponder arrangement shown in FIG. 3, which correspond to those of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, are identified by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 2.
  • the reading station of the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to the reading station of FIG. 2 and generates a high-frequency interrogation field 10 by means of the coil L s .
  • the transponder has a parallel resonance circuit consisting of a coil Lr and a capacitor C ⁇ .
  • An output of the resonance circuit is connected to the input terminal of a rectifier device, which in the preferred embodiment is formed by a diode D.
  • the second connection of the diode D is connected to the first connection of a switch S.
  • the second connection of the switch S is connected via a capacitor C s to the second output of the parallel resonance circuit Lp, C ⁇ .
  • the capacitor C s serves as the supply voltage capacitor of the trans ponders.
  • the payload of the transponder can be represented as a resistor R L , which is connected in parallel with the capacitor C s .
  • the transponder also has an actual transponder circuit 20, which essentially corresponds to the transponder circuit described above with reference to FIG. 2. Such circuits are well known in the art.
  • the modulation resistance R M is missing compared to the known transponder shown in FIG. 2. Furthermore, the switch S is no longer connected in parallel to the resonant circuit L ⁇ , Cm, but is connected in series with the same.
  • the difference between the known absorption modulation method and the idling modulation method according to the invention is described below with reference to the characteristic field, which is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the characteristic curves shown in FIG. 4 are each shown in a standardized form depending on the useful resistance of the transponder circuit R L.
  • P LC corresponds to the reactive power taken from the interrogation field in the resonance circuit of the transponder
  • P ⁇ corresponds to the active power consumed by the transponder
  • U R corresponds to the amplitude of the voltage generated by the transponder at the reading station in the reading direction.
  • the operating point of the transponder is usually selected close to point (A), since there is a power adjustment for the transponder circuit.
  • the switch S is closed in the initial state, so that the transponder can be supplied with energy via the high-frequency interrogation field and the resonant circuit m, C ⁇ .
  • the switch S is switched on and off in the rhythm of the data to be transmitted by the circuit 20, which contains, for example, a read-only memory and a control circuit.
  • the circuit 20 contains, for example, a read-only memory and a control circuit.
  • the transponder resonance circuit is not damped. With an open switch S, the resonance circuit can oscillate much more up to the open circuit voltage and thus draw the maximum energy from the query field.
  • the transponder according to the invention therefore only produces capacitive recharge losses and no ohmic losses. Therefore, the efficiency of energy transmission in this circuit is higher than in the known circuit of FIG. 2.
  • point (C) can be selected at a greater distance from point (A) in the method according to the invention.
  • the voltage u signal2 ' d ⁇ - e arriving at the reading station also corresponds to the data transmitted from the transponder to the reading station, stronger than in the known method of absorption modulation, in which the modulation is effected by damping the transponder resonance circuit.
  • FIG. 5 A comparison of these voltages is shown in FIG. 5. 5, the voltage u Siqnall ' ⁇ - by the conventional absorption modulation is generated.
  • the voltage at the transponder circuit U c in the known transponder is shown in the lower left diagram.
  • the upper right diagram shows the voltage Usi q nal 2 generated by the idle modulation method according to the invention at the reading station.
  • the voltage U c present on the transponder according to the invention is shown in the lower right diagram of FIG.
  • the modulation frequency that controls the switchover of the switch S is shown in the lower diagrams. This modulation frequency was chosen in such a way that, with the same component values, the minimum permissible voltage at the respective transponder circuit, for example 9 volts, is not fallen below.
  • the determined diagrams shown in FIG. 5 show that the transponder signal at the reading station in the inventive method of idle modulation is approximately four times larger than the signal that is generated in the known method of absorption modulation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un transpondeur passif comprenant un circuit résonant (LT, CT) pourvu d'une bobine (LT), une logique (20) de commande, un interrupteur (S) commandé par la logique de commande, un condensateur (CS) de tension d'alimentation, une résistance (RL) montée parallèlement au condensateur (CS) et un circuit redresseur (D) pour charger le condensateur (CS) en fonction d'une tension induite de la bobine (LT) du répéteur vers le circuit résonant. En position fermée, l'interrupteur (S) assure la connexion entre la résistance (RL) et le condensateur (CS) de tension d'alimentation par l'intermédiaire du circuit (D) redresseur au circuit (LT, CT) résonant et, en position ouverte, il sépare la résistance (RL) et le condensateur (CS) du circuit résonant (LT, CT).
PCT/DE1996/001761 1996-09-12 1996-09-12 Transpondeur passif WO1998011504A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE1996/001761 WO1998011504A1 (fr) 1996-09-12 1996-09-12 Transpondeur passif

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE1996/001761 WO1998011504A1 (fr) 1996-09-12 1996-09-12 Transpondeur passif

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998011504A1 true WO1998011504A1 (fr) 1998-03-19

Family

ID=6918385

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1996/001761 WO1998011504A1 (fr) 1996-09-12 1996-09-12 Transpondeur passif

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1998011504A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999060509A1 (fr) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-25 Infineon Technologies Ag Dispositif de transmission de donnees sans contact
FR2787655A1 (fr) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-23 St Microelectronics Sa Modulation capacitive dans un transpondeur electromagnetique
EP0974798A3 (fr) * 1998-07-20 2000-11-02 Liebherr-Hausgeräte Gmbh Congélateur
KR100341578B1 (ko) * 1999-12-30 2002-06-22 박종섭 고주파 트랜스폰더의 발진 회로
WO2002047592A3 (fr) * 2000-12-12 2003-04-03 Kimberly Clark Co Dispositif de detection d'etat humide
WO2005006246A3 (fr) * 2003-07-02 2006-06-08 Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc Systeme de poursuite electromagnetique sans fil utilisant un transpondeur passif non lineaire
EP1760639A1 (fr) * 2000-11-30 2007-03-07 ZIH Corporation Agencement d'impédance d'entrée pour transpondeur RF
US7471202B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2008-12-30 General Electric Co. Conformal coil array for a medical tracking system
US7532997B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2009-05-12 General Electric Company Electromagnetic tracking using a discretized numerical field model

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0242906A1 (fr) * 1986-04-22 1987-10-28 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP Système d'identification électromagnétique
US4918416A (en) * 1987-03-18 1990-04-17 Sielox Systems, Inc. Electronic proximity identification system
EP0492569A2 (fr) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-01 On Track Innovations Ltd. Système et méthode pour la transmission de données sans contact
DE4434240C1 (de) * 1994-09-24 1995-11-30 Norbert H L Dr Ing Koster Dynamische Modulationsvorrichtung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0242906A1 (fr) * 1986-04-22 1987-10-28 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP Système d'identification électromagnétique
US4918416A (en) * 1987-03-18 1990-04-17 Sielox Systems, Inc. Electronic proximity identification system
EP0492569A2 (fr) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-01 On Track Innovations Ltd. Système et méthode pour la transmission de données sans contact
DE4434240C1 (de) * 1994-09-24 1995-11-30 Norbert H L Dr Ing Koster Dynamische Modulationsvorrichtung

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6533178B1 (en) 1998-05-15 2003-03-18 Infineon Technologies Ag Device for contactless transmission of data
EP1164532A3 (fr) * 1998-05-15 2002-01-02 Infineon Technologies AG Dispositif de transmission de données sans contact
WO1999060509A1 (fr) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-25 Infineon Technologies Ag Dispositif de transmission de donnees sans contact
EP0974798A3 (fr) * 1998-07-20 2000-11-02 Liebherr-Hausgeräte Gmbh Congélateur
FR2787655A1 (fr) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-23 St Microelectronics Sa Modulation capacitive dans un transpondeur electromagnetique
EP1014300A1 (fr) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-28 STMicroelectronics SA Modulation capacitive dans un transpondeur électromagnétique
US6356198B1 (en) 1998-12-21 2002-03-12 Stmicroelectronics S.A. Capacitive modulation in an electromagnetic transponder
KR100341578B1 (ko) * 1999-12-30 2002-06-22 박종섭 고주파 트랜스폰더의 발진 회로
EP1760639A1 (fr) * 2000-11-30 2007-03-07 ZIH Corporation Agencement d'impédance d'entrée pour transpondeur RF
WO2002047592A3 (fr) * 2000-12-12 2003-04-03 Kimberly Clark Co Dispositif de detection d'etat humide
WO2005006246A3 (fr) * 2003-07-02 2006-06-08 Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc Systeme de poursuite electromagnetique sans fil utilisant un transpondeur passif non lineaire
US7471202B2 (en) 2006-03-29 2008-12-30 General Electric Co. Conformal coil array for a medical tracking system
US7532997B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2009-05-12 General Electric Company Electromagnetic tracking using a discretized numerical field model

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