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WO1998008926A1 - Regulation de l'activite de la cellulase par un terminateur - Google Patents

Regulation de l'activite de la cellulase par un terminateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998008926A1
WO1998008926A1 PCT/US1996/013635 US9613635W WO9808926A1 WO 1998008926 A1 WO1998008926 A1 WO 1998008926A1 US 9613635 W US9613635 W US 9613635W WO 9808926 A1 WO9808926 A1 WO 9808926A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cellulase
detergent composition
composition according
alkyl
detergent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/013635
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Busch
Andre Cesar Baeck
Andre Christian Convents
Olivier Paquatte
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to EP96929021A priority Critical patent/EP0927241A1/fr
Priority to BR9612710-4A priority patent/BR9612710A/pt
Priority to AU68579/96A priority patent/AU6857996A/en
Priority to PCT/US1996/013635 priority patent/WO1998008926A1/fr
Priority to CA002264047A priority patent/CA2264047A1/fr
Priority to ARP970103878A priority patent/AR009340A1/es
Publication of WO1998008926A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998008926A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C11D3/38645—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing cellulase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3932—Inorganic compounds or complexes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to detergent compositions comprising a cellulase termination composition and cellulase in order to prevent potential tensile strength loss related to the hydrolytic activity of cellulase on cellulose substrates while maintaining the desired benefits from the use of cellulase.
  • cellulase The activity of cellulase is one in which cellulosic fibres or substrates are attacked by the cellulase and depending on the particular function of the cellulase, which can be endo-or exo cellulase and the respective hemicellulases.
  • the cellulose structures are depolymerized or cleaved into smaller and thereby more soluble or dispersible fractures. This activity in particular on fabrics provides a cleaning, rejuvenation, softening and generally improved handfeel characteristics to the structure.
  • tensile strength loss of fabric is also an unavoidable result of mechanical action due to use/wearing and may further result from damage by a bleaching component in the laundry process, especially if the fabric is contaminated with metal compounds.
  • this is provided by including such an amount of cellulase that the desired cellulase activity is certainly achieved prior to the end of the wash-cycle while a cellulase terminator provides the means to prevent potential tensile strength loss within that time.
  • Cellulase exhibiting exceptionally high activity have been disclosed in the context of compact detergents in WO- 92-13057, in the context of quaternary ammonium softening compounds in EP-A-495 554 and in the context of softening clay in a detergent composition in EP-A-495 258 and EP-A- 177 165. Cellulase as such with exceptionally high activity has been disclosed in WO 91/17243. Recognition of the potential tensile strength loss of cellulase has been reported in several publications. For example Japanese application J-62-310754 discloses particular cellulases having a specific so-called non-degrading index.
  • Japanese application J-63 -134830 discloses detergent compositions for clothing containing a cellulase which has a nondestructive index and US 4,978,470 discloses a detergent composition for closing containing cellulase enzyme with a "non-degrading index" of less than 500.
  • the present invention relates to the use of laundry detergent compositions in household fabric treatment machines and handwash treatments.
  • the laundry detergent composition comprises a surface active system, a cellulase enzyme which preferably has a cellulase activity of at least lOCEVU/l of liquid under treatment conditions and a cellulase terminator composition satisfying the criteria of maximum 10% residual activity in a standardized cellulase activity test such as the CMC viscosity reduction test and/or the cotton linter test.
  • the cellulase terminator composition is included in the laundry detergent composition at an amount such to control the activity of the cellulase enzyme.
  • the terminator composition used comprises a metallo-catalyst and a bleaching agent which in combination act to irreversibly terminate the activity of the cellulase, thereby preventing potential tensile strength loss of the fibers.
  • the terminator composition is preferably in the laundry detergent composition in a time- delayed release form.
  • Preferred terminator compositions further comprise a bleach activator.
  • the activity of enzymes and particularly the activity of cellulase enzyme has been defined for various applications by different analytical methods. These methods all attempt to provide a realistic assessment of the expected in use performance or at least a measurement correlating with the in use performance. Even so there exist the various different tests for cellulase activity a generally acceptable requirement for cellulase is a minimum viscosity reducing activity on CMC- solutions. Therefore the method of measuring this so-called CMC Endoase activity (in units of 1 CEVU) will be used herein for the preferred cellulases as explained below.
  • Cellulase preparations particularly useful in the compositions of the invention are those which exhibit a CMC-endoase activity of at least about 10, preferably at least about 20 CEVU/1.
  • a preferred cellulase exhibits a CMC-endoase activity of at least 25 CEVU/l.
  • CMC-endoase activity refers to the endoglucanase activity of the endoglucanase component in terms of its ability to degrade cellulose to glucose, cellobiose and triose, as determined by a viscosity decrease of a solution of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) after incubation with the cellulase preparation of the invention, as described in detail below.
  • the CMC-endoase (endoglucanase) activity can be determined from the viscosity decrease of CMC, as follows : a substrate solution is prepared, containing 35g/l CMC (Hercules 7 LFD) in 0.1 M tris buffer at pH 9.0. The enzyme sample to be analyzed is dissolved in the same buffer. 10ml substrate solution and 0.5 ml enzyme solution are mixed and transferred to a viscosimeter (e.g. Haake VT 181, NV sensor, 181 rpm), thermostated at 40°C. Viscosity readings are taken as soon as possible after mixing and again 30 minutes later.
  • a viscosimeter e.g. Haake VT 181, NV sensor, 181 rpm
  • the amount of enzyme that reduced the viscosity to one half under these conditions is defined as 1 unit of CMC-endoase activity, or 1 CEVU/liter.
  • Another suitable method for testing the activities of the cellulase is the cotton-linter method (as described in example 1) .
  • the cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al, which discloses fungal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens . Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB-A- 2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832.
  • cellulase components which may be usable in the present invention are :
  • W091/17244 or an endoglucanase component which is immunoreactive with an antibody raised against a highly purified ⁇ 50kD (apparent molecular weight, the amino acid composition corresponds to 45kD with 2n glycosylation sites) endoglucanase derived from Fusarium oxysporum, DSM 2672, or which is a homologue or derivative of the ⁇ 50kD endoglucanase exhibiting cellulase activity; a preferred endoglucanase component has the amino acid sequence disclosed in PCT Patent Application No. W091/17244, or any of the cellulases disclosed in the published European Patent Application No.
  • the cellulases having a non-degrading index (NDI) of not less than 500 and being alkalophilic cellulases having an optimum pH not less than 7 or whose relative activity at a pH of not less than 8 is 50% or over of the activity under optimum conditions when carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) is used as a substrate, or an endoglucanase component which is immunoreactive with an antibody raised against a highly purified ⁇ 43kD endoglucanase derived from Humicola insolens, DSM 1800, or which is a homologue or derivative of the ⁇ 43kD endoglucanase exhibiting cellulase activity; a preferred endoglucanase component has the amino acid sequence disclosed in PCT Patent Application No.
  • WO 91/17243 or an endoglucanase component which is immunoreactive with an antibody raised against a highly purified ⁇ 60kD endoglucanase derived from Bacillus lautus, NCIMB 40250, or which is a homologue or derivative of the ⁇ 60kD endoglucanase exhibiting cellulase activity; a preferred endoglucanase component has the amino acid sequence disclosed in PCT Patent Application No. WO 91/10732.
  • cellulases having color care benefits.
  • Examples of such cellulases are cellulases described in European patent application No. 91202879.2, filed November 6, 1991 (Novo) .
  • preferred cellulases are those as described in Danish Patent Application 1159/90 or PCT patent application W091/17243 which is also known as Carezyme (TM ) available from Novo Nordisk A/S in Bagsvaerd, in Denmark.
  • the cellulase preparation described in these publications and the Carezyme 'T ) consistent with this description, can consist essentially of a homogeneous endoglucanase component, which is immunoreactive with an anti-body raised against a highly purified 43 kD cellulase derived from Humicola insolens, DSM 1800, or which is homologous to said 43 kD endoglucanase.
  • An alternative screening for appropriate cellulases for use in the laundry detergent composition according to the present invention is the method specified in EP-A-495 258 or more specifically in EP-A-350 098.
  • the cellulase terminator composition comprises a metallo-catalyst and a bleaching agent which in combination act to irreversibly terminate the activity of the cellulase after a certain time.
  • the cellulase terminator composition will be referred to as CTC hereinafter.
  • Preferred terminator compositions further comprise a bleach activator .
  • the function of the CTC is to control the activity of the cellulase in such a way that the activity of the cellulase is more than 90% within 5 minutes from the start of the wash cycle, the cellulase activity is less than 50% within 5 to 10 minutes from the start of the wash cycle and that less than 10% of residual cellulase activity is reached after 15 minutes in the wash cycle.
  • the characteristics of the CTC in absence of the controlled release agent is that it reduces cellulase activity to 10%, preferably 3% of the initial cellulase activity in a standardized cotton linter test within 15 minutes of the wash cycle .
  • a preferred way to achieve the characteristic of the CTC is to incorporate one or more of the compounds of the CTC in a release agent.
  • Said release agent is an agent which releases the incorporated CTC compound into the wash environment in a controlled manner.
  • said bleaching agent and/or bleaching activator may be also incorporated independently into a release agent according to the present invention.
  • said bleaching agent and/or said bleach activator may be preferably incorporated independently in a release agent.
  • said metallo-catalyst and said activator may be incorporated together into a release agent according to the present invention, and said bleaching agent may be incorporated independently into another release agent according to the present invention.
  • said metallo-catalyst is in the form of metallo-catalyst-containing granules (in the following sometimes denoted as "metallo-catalyst granulate” or as “metallo-catalyst-containing granulate) .
  • Said metallo- catalyst granulate may suitably further contain various granulation aids, binders, fillers, lubricants and the like. Examples hereof include cellulose (e.g. cellulose in fibre or microcrystalline form), dextrins (e.g.
  • the release agent may be, for example, a coating.
  • Said coating protects said granulates (co-granulates) in the wash environment for a certain period of time.
  • the coating will normally be applied to said granulates (co-granulates) in an amount in the range of 0% to 50% by weight (calculated on the basis of the weight of the uncoated, dry granulate) , preferably in the range of 5 % to 40 % by weight.
  • the amount of coating to be applied to said granulates will depend to a considerable extent on the nature and composition of the desired coating, and to the kind of protection said coating should offer to said granulates.
  • the thickness of said coating or a multi -layered coating applied onto any of the above granulates may determine the period in which the content of said granulates is released.
  • a possible multi-layered coating may be a coating in which, for example, a fast release coating is coated over a slow release coating.
  • Suitable release coatings are coatings which give rise to release, of the contents of the metallo-catalyst (co- granulates) and/or (source of hydrogen peroxide) -granulates according to the present invention under the conditions prevailing during the use thereof.
  • a preparation of the invention is to be introduced into a washing liquor containing a washing detergent (normally comprising, e.g. one or more types of surfactants)
  • the coating should be one which ensures the release of the contents of said granulates from the release agent when it is introduced into the washing medium.
  • Preferred release coating are coatings which are substantially insoluble in water.
  • Release coatings which are appropriate in washing media may suitably comprise substances selected from the following: tallow; hydrogenated tallow; partially hydrolyzed tallow; fatty acids and fatty alcohols of natural and synthetic origin; long-chain fatty acid mono-, di- and triesters of glycerol (e.g. glycerol monostearate) ; ethoxylated fatty alcohols; latexes; hydrocarbons of melting point in the range of 50- 80°C; and waxes.
  • Melt-coating agents are a preferred class of fast or slow release coating agents which can be used without dilution with water. Reference may be made to Controlled Release Systems : Fabrication Technology, Vol. I, CRC Press, 1988, for further information on slow release coating .
  • Coatings may suitably further comprise substances such as clays (e.g. kaolin), titanium dioxide, pigments, salts (such as calcium carbonate) and the like.
  • clays e.g. kaolin
  • titanium dioxide titanium dioxide
  • pigments such as calcium carbonate
  • salts such as calcium carbonate
  • the CTC is used in the laundry detergent composition in an appropriate amount, preferably below 10% by weight.
  • the "appropriate amount” strongly depends on the effectiveness of the CTC, the activity of the cellulase, the surfactant system and its interaction with the cellulase. Therefore the amount of CTC is a function of the other compounds of the detergent composition and the washing conditions.
  • the amount in accordance with the present invention is selected such that for example in European washing conditions the cellulase activity of the selected cellulase is reduced to 10% of the initial cellulase within 15 minutes from the start of the wash cycle .
  • the CTC composition according to the present invention comprises a metallo-catalyst and a bleaching agent which in combination act to irreversibly terminate the activity of the cellulase after a certain time.
  • a metallo-catalyst comprises a metal ion which exists in at least 2 oxidation states and has at least one free valency, and an organic ligand.
  • the metallo-catalyst according to the present invention includes metallo catalyst selected from a metallo catalyst selected from a) metallo porphin and water-soluble or water- dispersable derivatives thereof; b) metallo porphyrin and water-soluble or water-dispersable derivatives thereof; c) metallo phthalocyanine and water-soluble or water-dispersable derivatives thereof.
  • the essential metallo porphin structure may be visualized as indicated in Formula I in the accompanying drawings.
  • Formula I the atom positions of the porphin structure are numbered conventionally and the double bonds are put in conventionally. In other formula, the double bonds have been omitted in the drawings, but are actually present as in I .
  • Preferred metallo porphin structures are those substituted at one or more of the 5, 10, 15 and 20 carbon positions of Formula I (Meso positions) , with a phenyl or pyridyl substituent selected from the group consisting of
  • n and m may be 0 or 1 ;
  • A may be sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate or carboxylate groups; and B is CT_-CT_Q alkyl, polyethoxy alkyl or hydroxy alkyl .
  • Preferred molecules are those in which the substituents on the phenyl or pyridyl groups are selected from the group consisting of
  • a particularly preferred metallo phorphin is one in which the molecule is substituted at the 5, 10 15, and 20 carbon positions with the substituent
  • This preferred compound is known as metallo tetrasulfonated tetraphenylporphin .
  • the symbol X ⁇ of Formula I represents an anion, preferably OH " or Cl " .
  • the compound of Formula I may be substituted at one or more of the remaining carbon positions with CI- ⁇ Q alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or oxyalkyl groups .
  • Porphin derivatives also include chlorophyls, chlorines, i . e . isobacterio chlorines and bacteriochlorines .
  • Metallo porphyrin and water-soluble or water- dispersable derivatives thereof have a structure given in formula II.
  • X can be alkyl, alkyl carboxy, alkyl hydroxyl , vinyl, alkenyl, alkyl sulfate, alkylsulfonate, sulfate, sulfonate, aryl .
  • X 2 of Formula II represents an anion, preferably 0H ⁇ or Cl " .
  • the symbol Xi can be alkyl, alkylcarboxy, alkylhydroxyl, vinyl, alkenyl, alkylsulfate, alkylsulfonate, sulfate, sulfonate.
  • Metallo phthalocyanine and derivatives have the structure indicated in Formula III, wherein the atom positions of the phthalocyanine structure are numbered conventionally.
  • the anionic groups in the above structures contain cations selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium cations or other non- interfering cations which leave the structures water-soluble.
  • Preferred phthalocyanine derivatives are metallo phthalocyanine trisulfonate and metallo phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate .
  • substitution of the central metal is substitution of the central metal by Fe , Mn, Co Rh, Cr, Ru, Mo or other transition metals.
  • the choice of the substituent groups can be used to control the solubility of the catalyst in water or in detergent solutions. Yet again, especially where it is desired to avoid attacking dyes attached to solid surfaces, the substituents can control the affinity of the catalyst compound for the surface.
  • strongly negatively charged substituted compounds for instance the tetrasulfonated porphin, may be repelled by negatively charged stains or stained surfaces and are therefore most likely not to cause attack on fixed dyes, whereas the cationic or zwitterionic compounds may be attracted to, or at least not repelled by such stained surfaces.
  • compositions herein will typically comprise from about 0.01% to about 1% of the phthalocyanine, preferably from 0.05% to about 0.5%.
  • Most preferred compositions comprise tetra-sulphonated Mn phthalocyanine in a concentration of from about 0.01% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 0.5%.
  • the pre-formed bleach catalysts useful herein include the manganese-based complexes disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,246,621 and U.S. Pat. 5,244,594. Preferred examples of these catalysts include Mn I (u-O) 3 (1 , 4 , 7- rimethyl-1 , 4 , 7- triazacyclononane) 2 - (PF ⁇ ) 2 > Mn III 2 (u-0) 1 (u-OAc) 2 (1,4,7- trimethyl-1 , 4 , 7-triazacyclononane) 2 (CIO 4 ) 2 , Mn IV 4 (u- O) 6 (1,4, 7-triazacyclononane) 4 (C10 4 ) 4 , Mn ⁇ :tI Mn IV (u-0) (u- OAc) 2 - (1,4, 7-trimethyl-1, 4 , 7-triazacyclononane) 2 (C10 4 ) 3 , and mixtures thereof .
  • ligands suitable for use herein include 1 , 5 , 9-trimethyl-l , 5 , 9- triazacyclododecane, 2-methyl-l , 4 , 7-triazacyclononane, 2- methyl-1, 4 , 7 -triazacyclononane, 1,2,4, 7-tetramethyl-l , 4,7- triazacyclononane, and mixtures thereof. Also included are the mononuclear manganese (IV) complexes such as Mn IV (l,4, 7 -trimethyl-1, 4, 7 -triazacyclononane) (OCH3) 3 (PF 6 ) as described in U.S. Pat. 5,194,416.
  • IV mononuclear manganese
  • Still another type of bleach catalyst is a water-soluble complex of manganese (II), (III), and/or (IV) with a ligand which is a non-carboxylate polyhydroxy compound having at least three consecutive C-OH groups.
  • Preferred ligands include sorbitol, iditol, dulsitol, mannitol, xylithol, arabitol, adonitol, meso-erythritol , meso-inositol , lactose, and mixtures thereof .
  • U.S. Pat. 5,114,611 teaches a bleach catalyst comprising a complex of transition metals, including Mn, with an non- (macro) -cyclic ligand.
  • Said ligands are of the formula :
  • Preferred ligands include pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, and triazole rings.
  • said rings may be substituted with substituents such as alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halide, and nitro.
  • substituents such as alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halide, and nitro.
  • Particularly preferred is the ligand 2,2'- bispyridylamine .
  • Mn gluconate Mn (CF3SO3) 2 , Co(NH3)5Cl
  • binuclear Mn complexed with tetra-N- dentate and bi-N-dentate ligands including ⁇ n 11 (u- 0) 2 Mn IV N 4 ) + and [Bipy 2 Mn ⁇ :i1 (u-0) 2 Mn Iv bipy 2 ] - (C10 4 ) 3 .
  • the pre-formed bleach catalysts of the present invention may also be prepared by combining a water-soluble ligand with a water-soluble manganese salt in aqueous media and concentrating the resulting mixture by evaporation. Any convenient water-soluble salt of manganese can be used herein. Manganese (II), (III), (IV) and/or (V) is readily available on a commercial scale. In some instances, sufficient manganese may be present in the wash liquor, but, in general, it is preferred to add Mn cations in the compositions to ensure its presence in catalytically- effective amounts.
  • the sodium salt of the ligand and a member selected from the group consisting of MnS0 , Mn(Cl0 4 ) or MnCl 2 (least preferred) are dissolved in water at molar ratios of ligandrMn salt in the range of about 1:4 to 4:1 at neutral or slightly alkaline pH .
  • the water may first be de-oxygenated by boiling and cooled by sparging with nitrogen. The resulting solution is evaporated (under N 2 , if desired) and the resulting solids are used in the bleaching and detergent compositions herein without further purification.
  • the bleach-catalyzing manganese • complexes of the present invention have not been elucidated, it may be speculated that they comprise chelates or other hydrated coordination complexes which result from the interaction of the carboxyl and nitrogen atoms of the ligand with the manganese cation.
  • the oxidation state of the manganese cation during the catalytic process is not known with certainty, and may be the ( +11), ( +III) , (+IV) or (+V) valence state. Due to the ligands' possible six points of attachment to the manganese cation, it may be reasonably speculated that multi-nuclear species and/or "cage" structures may exist in the aqueous bleaching media. Whatever the form of the active Mn- ligand species which actually exists, it functions in an apparently catalytic manner to provide effective cellulase termination .
  • manganese bleach catalysts are described, for example, in U.S. 4,728,455 (manganese/multidentate ligand catalyst), U.S. 4,711,748 and European patent application, publication no. 224,952, (absorbed manganese on aluminosilicate catalyst), U.S. 4,601,845 (aluminosilicate support with manganese and zinc or magnesium salt), U.S. 4,626,373 (manganese/ligand catalyst), U.S. 4,430,243 (chelants with manganese cations and non-catalytic metal cations), and U.S. 4,728,455 (manganese gluconate catalysts) .
  • the manganese bleach catalyst is used in a catalytically effective amount in the compositions and processes herein.
  • catalytically effective amount is meant an amount which is sufficient, under whatever comparative test conditions are employed, to enhance deactivation of the cellulase.
  • the test conditions will vary, depending on the type of washing appliance used and the habits of the user. Thus, front -loading laundry washing machines of the type employed in Europe generally use less water and higher detergent concentrations than do top- loading U.S. -style machines. Some machines have considerably longer wash cycles than others. Some users elect to use very hot water; others use warm or even cold water in fabric laundering operations. Of course, the cellulase termination effectiveness of the bleach catalyst will be affected by such considerations, and the levels of bleach catalyst used in fully- formulated detergent and bleach compositions can be appropriately adjusted. As a practical matter, and not by way of limitation.
  • the bleaching agents used herein can be any of the bleaching agents useful for detergent or bleaching compositions in textile cleaning, hard surface cleaning, or other cleaning purposes that are now known or become known, and are useful for bleaching compositions as used in the present invention to treat fabrics. These include oxygen bleaches as well as other bleaching agents.
  • Perborate bleaches e.g., sodium perborate (e.g., mono- or tetrahydrate) can be used herein.
  • typical compositions will comprise from about 0.1% to about 20% of perborate bleach preferably from 0.5% to about 15%.
  • Most preferred compositions comprise sodium perborate tetrahydrate at a level in product of 0.05% to about 15%, preferably 0.5%to about 15%.
  • Peroxygen bleaching agents are also suitable in the compositions. Suitable peroxygen bleaching compounds include sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate and equivalent "percarbonate” bleaches, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide. Persulfate bleach (e.g., OXONE, manufactured commercially by DuPont) can also be used.
  • a preferred percarbonate bleach comprises dry particles having an average particle size in the range from about 500 micrometers to about 1,000 micrometers, not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being smaller than about 200 micrometers and not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being larger than about 1,250 micrometers.
  • the percarbonate can be coated with silicate, borate or water-soluble surfactants.
  • Percarbonate is available from various commercial sources such as FMC, Solvay and Tokai Denka .
  • compositions will comprise from about 0.1% to about 20% of percarbonate bleach, preferably from 0.5% to about 15%.
  • bleaching agents also comprise preformed organic percarboxylic acids.
  • Such bleaching agents that can be used without restriction encompass percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof.
  • Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate (INTEROX) , the magnesium salt of metachloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4 - oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid.
  • INTEROX magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate
  • Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781, Hartman, issued November 20, 1984, U.S.
  • Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid (NAPAA) as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551, issued January 6, 1987 to Burns et al .
  • NAPAA 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid
  • R is an alkylene or substituted alkylene group containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms or a phenylene or substituted phenylene group
  • Y is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, aryl or
  • organic percarboxylic acids usable in the present invention can contain either one or two peroxy groups and can be either aliphatic or aromatic.
  • the organic percarboxylic acid is aliphatic, the unsubstituted acid has the general formula:
  • Y can be, for example, H, CH 3 , CH 2 C1, COOH, or COOOH; and n is an integer from 1 to 20.
  • the organic percarboxylic acid is aromatic
  • the unsubstituted acid has the general formula:
  • Y is hydrogen, alkyl, alkyhalogen, halogen, or COOH or COOOH.
  • Typical monoperoxy percarboxylic acids useful herein include alkyl percarboxylic acids and aryl percarboxylic acids such as:
  • peroxybenzoic acid and ring- substituted peroxybenzoic acids e.g., peroxy-o-naphthoic acid
  • aliphatic, substituted aliphatic and arylalkyl monoperoxy acids e.g. peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, and N, N-phthaloylaminoperoxycaproic acid (PAP).
  • Typical diperoxy percarboxylic acids useful herein include alkyl diperoxy acids and aryldiperoxy acids, such as: (iii) 1, 12-diperoxydodecanedioic acid;
  • the present invention may further encompass bleaching compositions comprising an effective amount of a substantially insoluble organic percarboxylic acid bleaching agent having the general formula:
  • R5 R5 wherein R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing
  • R is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group containing from about 1 to
  • R is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms .
  • Peroxygen bleaching agents, the perborates, the percarbonates, etc. are preferably combined with bleach activators, which lead to the in situ production in aqueous solution (i.e., during the washing process) of the percarboxylic acid corresponding to the bleach activator.
  • Preferred terminator compositions comprise a metallo- catalyst, a bleaching agent and a bleach activator.
  • Bleach activators are known and amply described in literature, such as in the GB Patents 836,988; 864,798; 907,356; 1,003,310 and 1,519,351; German Patent 3,337,921; EP-A-0185522; EP-A- 0174132 ; EP-A- 0120591 ; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,246,339; 3,332,882; 4,128,494; 4,412,934 and 4,675,393.
  • a class of bleach activators is that of the quaternary ammonium substituted peroxyacid activators as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,751,015 and 4,397,757, in EP-A-284292, EP- A-331,229 and EP-A-03520.
  • Examples of peroxyacid bleach activators of this class are:
  • N-octyl N, N-dimethyl-N 10-carbophenoxy decyl ammonium chloride-- (ODC) ;
  • activators include sodium-4-benzoyloxy benzene sulphonate; N,N, N 1 , N' -tetracetyl ethylene diamine,- sodium- l-methyl-2 -benzoyloxy benzene-4 -sulphonate; sodium-4- methyl-3-benzoyloxy benzoate; sodium nonanoyloxybenzene sulphonate; sodium 3 , 5 , 5 , -trimethyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulphonate; glucose pentaacetate and tetraacetyl xylose.
  • Bleach activators of also useful in the present invention are amide substituted compounds of the general formulas :
  • R 5 R5 or mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon
  • R is an alkylene, arylene or alkarylene group
  • R is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms
  • L can be essentially any suitable leaving group.
  • a leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleaching activator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydroxide anion. This, the perhydrolysis reaction, results in the formation of the peroxycarboxylic acid.
  • a group to be a suitable leaving group it must exert an electron attracting effect. It should also form a stable entity so that the rate of the back reaction is negligible. This facilitates the nucleophilic attack by the perhydroxide anion.
  • the L group must be sufficiently reactive for the reaction to occur within the optimum time frame (e.g., a wash cycle) . However, if L is too reactive, this activator will be difficult to stabilize for use in a bleaching composition.
  • pKa of the conjugate acid of the leaving group although exceptions to this convention are known. Ordinarily, leaving groups that exhibit such behavior are those in which their conjugate acid has a pKa in the range of from about 4 to about 13, preferably from about 6 to about 11 and most preferably from about 8 to about 11.
  • Preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein R 1 , R2 and R5 are as defined for the peroxyacid and L is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 3 O Y -0-C CHR 4 , and — N— S-CH— R 4 R 3 0 and mixtures thereof, wherein R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, R 4 is H or R3 , and Y is H or a solubilizing group .
  • the preferred solubilizing groups are -S0 3 ⁇ M + ,
  • Preferred bleach activators are those of the above general formula wherein L is selected from the group consisting of :
  • bleach activators of the above formulae include (6-octanamidocaproyl) oxybenzenesulfonate , ( 6 -nonanamidocaproyl ) oxybenzenesulfo-nate , ( 6 - decanamidocaproyl) oxybenzenesulfonate, and mixtures thereof .
  • Another important class of bleach activators provide organic peracids as described herein by ring-opening as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the cyclic ring by the perhydroxide anion.
  • this ring-opening reaction in certain activators involves attack at the lactam ring carbonyl by hydrogen peroxide or its anion. Since attack of an acyl lactam by hydrogen peroxide or its anion occurs preferably at the exocyclic carbonyl, obtaining a significant fraction of ring-opening may require a catalyst .
  • Another example of ring-opening bleach activators can be found in other activators, such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,966,723, Hodge et al, issued Oct. 30, 1990.
  • Such activator compounds disclosed by Hodge include the activators of the benzoxazin-type, having the formula:
  • R ⁇ is H or an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions. 6
  • a preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is:
  • washing solutions wherein the pH of such solution is between about 8.5 and 10.5 and preferably between 9.5 and 10.5 in order to facilitate the perhydrolysis reaction.
  • pH can be obtained with substances commonly known as buffering agents, which are optional components of the bleaching systems herein.
  • Still another class of preferred bleach activators includes the acyl lactam activators, especially acyl caprolactams and acyl valerolactams of the formulae:
  • R ⁇ is H, an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted phenyl group containing from about 6 to about 18 carbons.
  • acyl caprolactams including benzoyl caprolactam, adsorbed into sodium perborate.
  • additional activators which may comprise the bleach compositions disclosed herein include those in U.S. Patent 4,915,854, issued April 10, 1990 to Mao et al, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934.
  • NOBS nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate
  • TAED tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
  • amido-derived and lactam bleach activators herein can also be used in combination with preferably rubber- safe, hydrophilic activators such as TAED, typically at weight ratios of amido-derived or caprolactam activators : TAED in the range of 1:5 to 5:1, preferably about 1:1.
  • compositions will comprise from about 0.1% to about 10% of bleach activator preferably from 0.5% to about 5%.
  • Most preferred compositions comprise tetraacethyl ethylene diamine (TAED) at a level in product of 0.1% to about 15%, preferably 0.5%to about 5%.
  • TAED tetraacethyl ethylene diamine
  • compositions herein can optionally include one or more other detergent adjunct materials or other materials for assisting or enhancing cleaning performance, treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the detergent composition (e.g., perfumes, colorants, dyes, etc.) .
  • the adjunct ingredients should have good stability with the bleaches preferably employed herein. The following are illustrative examples of such adjunct materials.
  • the detergent compositions of the invention may also contain additional detergent components.
  • additional detergent components may be formulated as hand and machine laundry detergent compositions including laundry additive compositions and compositions suitable for use in the pretreatment of stained fabrics, rinse added fabric softener compositions.
  • compositions suitable for use in a machine washing method preferably contain both a surfactant and a builder compound and additionally one or more detergent components preferably selected from organic polymeric compounds, additional enzymes, suds suppressors, dispersants, lime- soap dispersants, soil suspension and anti-redeposition agents and corrosion inhibitors.
  • Laundry compositions can also contain softening agents, as additional detergent components .
  • the density of the laundry detergent compositions herein ranges from 550 to 1000 g/liter, preferably 600 to 950 g/liter of composition measured at 20°C.
  • compositions herein are best reflected by density and, in terms of composition, by the amount of inorganic filler salt; inorganic filler salts are conventional ingredients of detergent compositions in powder form; in conventional detergent compositions, the filler salts are present in substantial amounts, typically 17-35% by weight of the total composition.
  • the filler salt is present in amounts not exceeding 15% of the total composition, preferably not exceeding 10%, most preferably not exceeding 5% by weight of the composition.
  • the inorganic filler salts are selected from the alkali and alkaline-earth-metal salts of sulphates and chlorides.
  • a preferred filler salt is sodium sulphate.
  • the detergent compositions according to the present invention comprise a surfactant system wherein the surfactant can be selected from nonionic and/or anionic and/or cationic and/or ampholytic and/or zwitterionic and/or semi -polar surfactants.
  • the surfactant is typically present at a level of from 0.1% to 60% by weight. More preferred levels of incorporation are 1% to 35% by weight, most preferably from 1% to 20% by weight of machine dishwashing, laundry and rinse added fabric softener compositions in accord with the invention, and from 5% to 60% by weight, more preferably from 15% to 45% by weight of manual dishwashing compositions in accord with the invention.
  • the surfactant is preferably formulated to be compatible with enzyme components present in the composition.
  • the surfactant is most preferably formulated such that it promotes, or at least does not degrade, the stability of any enzyme in these compositions.
  • Preferred surfactant systems to be used according to the present invention comprise as a surfactant one or more of the nonionic and/or anionic surfactants described herein.
  • Polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols are suitable for use as the nonionic surfactant of the surfactant systems of the present invention, with the polyethylene oxide condensates being preferred.
  • These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms, in either a straight- chain or branched-chain configuration with the alkylene oxide.
  • the ethylene oxide is present in an amount equal to from about 2 to about 25 moles, more preferably from about 3 to about 15 moles, of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol .
  • nonionic surfactants of this type include IgepalTM CO-630, marketed by the GAF Corporation; and TritonTM X-45, X-114, X-100 and X-102, all marketed by the Rohm & Haas Company. These surfactants are commonly referred to as alkylphenol alkoxylates (e.g., alkyl phenol ethoxylates) .
  • the condensation products of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use as the nonionic surfactant of the nonionic surfactant systems of the present invention.
  • the alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
  • About 2 to about 7 moles of ethylene oxide and most preferably from 2 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol are present in said condensation products.
  • nonionic surfactants of this type include TergitolTM 15-S-9 (the condensation product of Cn - 15 linear alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide) , TergitolTM 24- L-6 NMW (the condensation product of ] _ 2 -C ⁇ primary alcohol with 6 moles ethylene oxide with a narrow molecular weight distribution) , both marketed by Union Carbide Corporation; NeodolTM 45-9 (the condensation product of c 14" c 15 linear alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide) , NeodolTM 23-3 (the condensation product of 12 -Ci3 linear alcohol with 3.0 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodolTM 45-7 (the condensation product of C]_ 4 -C_5 linear alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide) , NeodolTM 45-5 (the condensation product of C ⁇ .
  • nonionic surfactant of the surfactant systems of the present invention are the alkylpolysaccharides disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21, 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g. a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units.
  • a hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g. a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units.
  • Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties (optionally the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside) .
  • the intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6- positions on the preceding saccharide units.
  • the preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl , hydroxyalkylphenyl , and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3, preferably 2; t is from 0 to about 10, preferably 0; and x is from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3 , most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7.
  • the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose.
  • the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form the glucoside (attachment at the 1-position) .
  • the additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their 1-position and the preceding glycosyl units 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6-position, preferably predominately the 2 -position.
  • the condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol are also suitable for use as the additional nonionic surfactant systems of the present invention.
  • the hydrophobic portion of these compounds will preferably have a molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 1800 and will exhibit water insolubility.
  • the addition of polyoxyethylene moieties to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the water solubility of the molecule as a whole, and the liquid character of the product is retained up to the point where the polyoxyethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product, which corresponds to condensation with up to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • Examples of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially- available PluronicTM surfactants, marketed by BASF.
  • nonionic surfactant of the nonionic surfactant system of the present invention are the condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenedia ine .
  • the hydrophobic moiety of these products consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and excess propylene oxide, and generally has a molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 3000.
  • This hydrophobic moiety is condensed with ethylene oxide to the extent that the condensation product contains from about 40% to about 80% by weight of polyoxyethylene and has a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000.
  • this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available TetronicTM compounds, marketed by BASF.
  • Preferred for use as the nonionic surfactant of the surfactant systems of the present invention are polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, condensation products of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide, alkylpolysaccharides, and mixtures thereof. Most preferred are C3-C14 alkyl phenol ethoxylates having from 3 to 15 ethoxy groups and Cg-C ⁇ g alcohol ethoxylates (preferably C ] _o avg . ) having from 2 to 10 ethoxy groups, and mixtures thereof .
  • Highly preferred nonionic surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula.
  • R 1 wherein R 1 is H, or R 1 is C 1 _ 4 hydrocarbyl, 2 -hydroxy ethyl, 2 -hydroxy propyl or a mixture thereof, R 2 is C5 - 3 1 hydrocarbyl, and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof.
  • R 1 is methyl
  • R 2 is a straight 0 ⁇ -15 alkyl or C ] _g_ ⁇ g alkyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof
  • Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
  • the nonionic surfactant systems of the present invention act to improve the greasy/oily stain removal properties of such laundry detergent compositions across a broad range of laundry conditions.
  • alkyl alkoxylated sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula R0(A) m S03M wherein R is an unsubstituted C]_o" c 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a c 10" c 24 alkyl component, preferably a C]_2 ⁇ c 20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C 1 2" C 18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation.
  • R is an unsubstituted C]_o" c 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a c 10"
  • Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein.
  • Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl, trimethyl- ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations and those derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • Exemplary surfactants are c 1 2 ⁇ c 18 alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate (C 12 -C 18 E (1.0) M) , C 12 -C 18 alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) sulfate (C 12 -C 18 E (2.25) ) , C 12 " C 18 alkyl polyethoxylate (3.0) sulfate (C 12 -C 18 E (3.0) ) , and i2" ⁇ 8 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate (C ] _2 ⁇ C ⁇ 8 E(4.0)M), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants to be used are alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants including linear esters of C 8 - C20 carboxylic acids (i.e., fatty acids) which are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329. Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc.
  • the preferred alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant, especially for laundry applications comprise alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants of the structural formula :
  • R 3 is a C 8 -C2o hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof
  • R 4 is a C ⁇ Cg hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof
  • M is a cation which forms a water soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate.
  • Suitable salt-forming cations include metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cations, such as monoethanolamine , diethanolamine, and triethanola ine .
  • R 3 is c 10 ⁇ c 16 alkyl
  • R 4 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
  • the methyl ester sulfonates wherein R 3 is C ⁇ Q' i alkyl.
  • alkyl sulfate surfactants which are water soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO3M wherein R preferably is a C 10 -C2 4 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a c 1 0" c 20 l ⁇ yl component, more preferably a Ci2 ⁇ 18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g.
  • R preferably is a C 10 -C2 4 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a c 1 0" c 20 l ⁇ yl component, more preferably a Ci2 ⁇ 18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium),
  • alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine , triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • alkyl chains of C ⁇ - ig are preferred for lower wash temperatures (e.g. below about 50°C) and C 16 _ 18 alkyl chains are preferred for higher wash temperatures (e.g. above about 50 °C) .
  • anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention.
  • These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C 8 -C2 2 primary of secondary alkanesulfonates, C 8 -C 4 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent specification No.
  • alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide) ; alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates , N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C 12 ⁇ C ⁇ 8 monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated c 6" c 12 diesters) , acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkylpolysaccharide
  • laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from about 1% to about 40%, preferably from about 3% to about 20% by weight of such anionic surfactants .
  • the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention may also contain cationic, ampholytic, zwitterionic, and semi-polar surfactants, as well as the nonionic and/or anionic surfactants other than those already described herein.
  • Cationic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention are those having one long-chain hydrocarbyl group.
  • cationic surfactants include the ammonium surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium halogenides, and those surfactants having the formula :
  • R 2 is an alkyl or alkyl benzyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain
  • each R 3 is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 CH 2 -, CH 2 CH(CH 3 )-, -CH 2 CH(CH 2 OH) -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, and mixtures thereof
  • each R 4 is selected from the group consisting of c l" c 4 alkyl, C]_-C 4 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl ring structures formed by joining the two R 4 groups, -CH2CHOH- CHOHCOR 6 CHOHCH 2 OH wherein R 6 is any hexose or hexose polymer having a molecular weight less than about 1000, and hydrogen when y is not 0
  • R 5 is the same as R 4 or is an alkyl chain wherein the total number of carbon atoms of R 2 plus R 5 is not more than about 18; each y is from 0
  • Highly preferred cationic surfactants are the water- soluble quaternary ammonium compounds useful in the present composition having the formula :
  • the preferred alkyl chain length for R; ⁇ is Ci2 ⁇ c 15 particularly where the alkyl group is a mixture of chain lengths derived from coconut or palm kernel fat or is derived synthetically by olefin build up or OXO alcohols synthesis .
  • R2R3 and R 4 are methyl and hydroxyethyl groups and the anion X may be selected from halide, methosulphate, acetate and phosphate ions.
  • suitable quaternary ammonium compounds of formulae (i) for use herein are : coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide ; decyl triethyl ammonium chloride; decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide ; c 12-15 dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide ; myristyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate; lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide; lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy) 4 ammonium chloride or bromide; choline esters (compound
  • CH2-CH2-0-C-C 12 -i4 alkyl and R2R3R4 are methyl) .
  • 0 di-alkyl imidazolines [compounds of formula (i) ] .
  • the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 25%, preferably from about 1% to about 8% by weight of such cationic surfactants. It has been found that the combination of cationic surfactants, cellulase and CTC leads to synergistic improvements in softening and cleaning.
  • Ampholytic surfactants are also suitable for use in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention. These surfactants can be broadly described as aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight- or branched-chain.
  • One of the aliphatic substituents contains at least about 8 carbon atoms, typically from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and at least one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al . , issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, lines 18-35, for examples of ampholytic surfactants .
  • the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight of such ampholytic surfactants.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants are also suitable for use in laundry detergent compositions. These surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al . , issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, line 38 through column 22, line 48, for examples of zwitterionic surfactants.
  • the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight of such zwitterionic surfactants.
  • Semi -polar nonionic surfactants are a special category of nonionic surfactants which include water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; water- soluble phosphine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms .
  • Semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants include the amine oxide surfactants having the formula
  • R 3 (OR 4 )xN(R 5 )2 wherein R 3 is an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkyl phenyl group or mixtures therof containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; R 4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof; x is from 0 to about 3; and each R ⁇ is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms or a polyethylene oxide group containing from about 1 to about 3 ethylene oxide groups .
  • the R 5 groups can be attached to each other, e.g., through an oxygen or nitrogen atom, to form a ring structure.
  • amine oxide surfactants in particular include C ⁇ o" ⁇ 8 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and CQ - C_2 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxy ethyl amine oxides.
  • the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight of such semi-polar nonionic surfactants.
  • Preferred detergent compositions of the present invention may further comprise an enzyme which provides cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits.
  • Said enzymes include enzymes selected from peroxidase, proteases, gluco-amylases, amylases, upases, cutinases, pectinases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases , lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, ⁇ -glucanases, arabinosidases or mixtures thereof .
  • a preferred combination is a cleaning composition having cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like protease, amylase, lipase, cutinase in conjunction with one or more plant cell wall degrading enzymes.
  • Suitable peroxidase enzymes (EC 1.11.1), e.g., any peroxidase comprised by the enzyme classification EC 1.11.1.7; peroxidase fragments, exhibiting peroxidase activity, as well as synthetic or semi-synthetic peroxidase derivatives [e.g. with porphyrin ring systems], or microperoxidases (see, e.g., US 4,077,768, EP 0 537 381, WO 91/05858 and WO 92/16634)] are also suitable.
  • Suitable peroxidases are known from microbial, plant and animal origins. Other possible peroxidase enzymes may be derived with protein engineering methods where one or several amino acids of the natural peroxidase enzyme may have been replaced by other amino acids.
  • the peroxidase may be produced by plants (e.g. horseradish or soy bean peroxidase) or microorganisms such as fungi or bacteria.
  • plants e.g. horseradish or soy bean peroxidase
  • microorganisms such as fungi or bacteria.
  • Some preferred fungi include strains belonging to the subdivision Deuteromycotina, class Hyphomycetes, e.g.
  • Other preferred fungi include strains belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycotina, class Basidiomycetes , e.g. Coprinus, Phanerochaete, Coriolus or Trametes, in particular Coprinus cinereus f. microsporus (IFO 8371), Coprinus macrorhizus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (e.g. NA- 12) or Trametes (previously called Polyporus) , e.g. T. versicolor (e.g. PR428-A) .
  • Further preferred fungi include strains belonging to the subdivision Zygomycotina, class Mycoraceae, e.g. Rhizopus or Mucor, in particular Mucor hiemalis.
  • Some preferred bacteria include strains of the order Actinomycetales, e.g. Streptomyces spheroides (ATTC 23965), Streptomyces thermoviolaceus (IFO 12382) or Streptoverticillum verticillium ssp. verticillium.
  • Other preferred bacteria include Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 12905) , Bacillus stearother ophilus , Rhodobactersphaeroides , Rhodomonas palustri, Streptococcus lactis, Pseudomonas purrocinia (ATCC 15958) or Pseudomonas fluorescens (NRRL B- 11) .
  • Further preferred bacteria include strains belonging to Myxococcus, e.g. M. virescens .
  • haloperoxidases see, e.g., US 4,937,192
  • chloride peroxidases EC 1.11.1.10
  • bromide peroxidases EC 1.11.1.8
  • iodide peroxidases EC 1.11.1.8
  • the peroxidase may furthermore be one which may be produced by a method comprising cultivating a host cell transformed with a recombinant DNA vector which carries a DNA sequence encoding said peroxidase as well as DNA sequences encoding functions permitting the expression of the DNA sequence encoding the peroxidase, in a culture medium under conditions permitting the expression of the peroxidase and recovering the peroxidase from the culture.
  • a peroxidase produced in a recombinant manner is a peroxidase derived from a Coprinus po . , in particular C. macrorhizus or C. cinereus according to WO 92/16634.
  • protease enzymes include those sold under the tradenames Alcalase, Savinase, Primase, Durazym, and Esperase by Novo Nordisk A/S (Denmark), those sold under the tradename Maxatase, Maxacal and Maxapem by Gist-Brocades, those sold by Genencor International, and those sold under the tradename Opticlean and Optimase by Solvay Enzymes.
  • proteases described in our co-pending application USSN 08/136,797 can be included in the detergent composition of the invention.
  • Protease enzyme may be incorporated into the compositions in accordance with the invention at a level of from 0.0001% to 2% active enzyme by weight of the composition. It has been found that the combination of proteases, cellulase and CTC leads to improved wool and silk rejuvenation caused by the CTC effect on the protease.
  • Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1,372,034.
  • Suitable lipases include those which show a positive immunological cross- reaction with the antibody of the lipase, produced by the microorganism Pseudomonas fluorescent IAM 1057. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano, " hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P” .
  • Especially suitable lipases are lipases such as Ml Lipase R and Lipomax R (Gist -Brocades) and Lipolase R (Novo) which have found to be very effective when used in combination with the compositions of the present invention.
  • cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] which can be considered as a special kind of lipase, namely lipases which do not require interfacial activation. Addition of cutinases to detergent compositions have been described in e.g. WO-A-88/09367 (Genencor) .
  • the lipases and/or cutinases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • Amylases ( ⁇ and/or ⁇ ) can be included for removal of carbohydrate-based stains.
  • Suitable amylases are Termamyl R (Novo Nordisk) , Fungamyl R and BAN R (Novo Nordisk) .
  • the above-mentioned enzymes may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. Said enzymes are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • enzyme oxidation scavengers which are described in Copending European Patent application 92870018.6 filed on January 31, 1992.
  • enzyme oxidation scavengers are ethoxylated tetraethylene polyamines .
  • compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a builder system.
  • a builder system Any conventional builder system is suitable for use herein including aluminosilicate materials, silicates, polycarboxylates and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetraacetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopolyphosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethylenephosphonic acid.
  • phosphate builders can also be used herein.
  • Suitable builders can be an inorganic ion exchange material, commonly an inorganic hydrated aluminosilicate material, more particularly a hydrated synthetic zeolite such as hydrated zeolite A, X, B, HS or MAP.
  • SKS-6 is a crystalline layered silicate consisting of sodium silicate (Na2Si2U5) .
  • Suitable polycarboxylates containing one carboxy group include lactic acid, glycolic acid and ether derivatives thereof as disclosed in Belgian Patent Nos. 831,368, 821,369 and 821,370.
  • Polycarboxylates containing two carboxy groups include the water-soluble salts of succinic acid, malonic acid, (ethylenedioxy) diacetic acid, maleic acid, diglycollic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid and fumaric acid, as well as the ether carboxylates described in German Offenlegenschrift 2,446,686, and 2,446,687 and U.S. Patent No. 3,935,257 and the sulfinyl carboxylates described in Belgian Patent No. 840,623.
  • Polycarboxylates containing three carboxy groups include, in particular, water-soluble citrates, aconitrates and citraconates as well as succinate derivatives such as the carboxymethyloxysuccinates described in British Patent No. 1,379,241, lactoxysuccinates described in Netherlands Application 7205873, and the oxypolycarboxylate materials such as 2-oxa-l, 1, 3 -propane tricarboxylates described in British Patent No. 1,387,447.
  • Polycarboxylates containing four carboxy groups include oxydisuccinates disclosed in British Patent No. 1,261,829, 1, 1, 2, 2-ethane tetracarboxylates, 1,1,3,3- propane tetracarboxylates and 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 -propane tetracarboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylates containing sulfo substituents include the sulfosuccinate derivatives disclosed in British Patent Nos. 1,398,421 and 1,398,422 and in U.S. Patent No. 3,936,448, and the sulfonated pyrolysed citrates described in British Patent No. 1,082,179, while polycarboxylates containing phosphone substituents are disclosed in British Patent No. 1,439,000.
  • Alicyclic and heterocyclic polycarboxylates include cyclopentane-cis, cis, cis-tetracarboxylates, cyclopentadienide pentacarboxylates , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5-tetrahydro- furan - cis, cis, cis-tetracarboxylates, 2 , 5-tetrahydro- furan -cis - dicarboxylates, 2 , 2, 5 , 5-tetrahydrofuran tetracarboxylates, 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 -hexane -hexacar-boxylates and and carboxymethyl derivatives of polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol .
  • Aromatic polycarboxylates include mellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and the phthalic acid derivatives disclosed in British Patent No. 1,425,343. Of the above, the preferred polycarboxylates are hydroxycarboxylates containing up to three carboxy groups per molecule, more particularly citrates.
  • Preferred builder systems for use in the present compositions include a mixture of a water- insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A or of a layered silicate (SKS-6), and a water-soluble carboxylate chelating agent such as citric acid.
  • a water- insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A or of a layered silicate (SKS-6)
  • a water-soluble carboxylate chelating agent such as citric acid.
  • a suitable chelant for inclusion in the detergent compositions in accordance with the invention is ethylenediamine-N, N 1 -disuccinic acid (EDDS) or the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or substituted ammonium salts thereof, or mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred EDDS compounds are the free acid form and the sodium or magnesium salt thereof. Examples of such preferred sodium salts of EDDS include Na 2 EDDS and Na 4 EDDS. Examples of such preferred magnesium salts of EDDS include MgEDDS and g2EDDS. The magnesium salts are the most preferred for inclusion in compositions in accordance with the invention. Said chelants, in combination with cellulase and CTC, have found to synergistically improve the cleaning performance.
  • Preferred builder systems include a mixture of a water- insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A, and a watersoluble carboxylate chelating agent such as citric acid.
  • builder materials that can form part of the builder system for use in granular compositions include inorganic materials such as alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates, and organic materials such as the organic phosphonates, amino polyalkylene phosphonates and amino polycarboxylates .
  • Suitable water-soluble organic salts are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms. Combination of cellulase, CTC and the above polymers leads to significally reduced inorganic encrustation .
  • Polymers of this type are disclosed in GB-A-1 , 596 , 756.
  • Examples of such salts are polyacrylates of MW 2000-5000 and their copolymers with maleic anhydride, such copolymers having a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 70,000, especially about 40,000.
  • Detergency builder salts are normally included in amounts of from 10% to 80% by weight of the composition preferably from 20% to 70% and most usually from 30% to 60% by weight .
  • a suds suppressor exemplified by silicones, and silica-silicone mixtures.
  • Silicones can be generally represented by alkylated polysiloxane materials while silica is normally used in finely divided forms exemplified by silica aerogels and xerogels and hydrophobic silicas of various types. These materials can be incorporated as particulates in which the suds suppressor is advantageously releasably incorporated in a water-soluble or water-dispersible, substantially non- surface-active detergent impermeable carrier.
  • the suds suppressor can be dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier and applied by spraying on to one or more of the other components.
  • a preferred silicone suds controlling agent is disclosed in Bartollota et al . U.S. Patent 3 933 672.
  • Other particularly useful suds suppressors are the self- emulsifying silicone suds suppressors, described in German Patent Application DTOS 2 646 126 published April 28, 1977.
  • An example of such a compound is DC-544, commercially available from Dow Corning, which is a siloxane-glycol copolymer.
  • Especially preferred suds controlling agent are the suds suppressor system comprising a mixture of silicone oils and 2-alkyl-alcanols .
  • Suitable 2-alkyl-alkanols are 2- butyl-octanol which are commercially available under the trade name Isofol 12 R.
  • compositions can comprise a silicone/silica mixture in combination with fumed nonporous silica such as Aerosil R .
  • the suds suppressors described above are normally employed at levels of from 0.001% to 2% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01% to 1% by weight.
  • Other components used in detergent compositions may be employed, such as soil-suspending agents, soil-release agents, optical brighteners, abrasives, bactericides, tarnish inhibitors, coloring agents, and/or encapsulated or non-encapsulated perfumes.
  • encapsulating materials are water soluble capsules which consist of a matrix of polysaccharide and polyhydroxy compounds such as described in GB 1,464,616.
  • Suitable water soluble encapsulating materials comprise dextrins derived from ungelatinized starch acid- esters of substituted dicarboxylic acids such as described in US 3,455,838. These acid-ester dextrins are, preferably, prepared from such starches as waxy maize, waxy sorghum, sago, tapioca and potato. Suitable examples of said encapsulating materials include N-Lok manufactured by National Starch. The N-Lok encapsulating material consists of a modified maize starch and glucose. The starch is modified by adding monofunctional substituted groups such as octenyl succinic acid anhydride.
  • Antiredeposition and soil suspension agents suitable herein include cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, and homo- or co-polymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts.
  • Polymers of this type include the polyacrylates and maleic anhydride-acrylic acid copolymers previously mentioned as builders, as well as copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene, methylvinyl ether or methacrylic acid, the maleic anhydride constituting at least 20 mole percent of the copolymer. These materials are normally used at levels of from 0.5% to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.75% to 8%, most preferably from 1% to 6% by weight of the composition.
  • Preferred optical brighteners are anionic in character, examples of which are disodium 4,4 '-bis- (2- diethanolamino-4 -anilino -s- triazin-6-ylamino) stilbene- 2:2' disulphonate , disodium 4, - 4 ' -bis- (2 -morpholino-4 - anilino-s-triazin-6-ylamino-stilbene-2 : 2 ' - disulphonate, disodium 4,4' - bis- (2 , 4-dianilino-s-triazin-6- ylamino) stilbene-2 : 2 ' - disulphonate, monosodium 4 ',4'' bis- (2 , 4-dianilino-s-tri-azin-6 ylamino) stilbene-2- sulphonate, disodium 4,4' -bis- (2-anilino-4- (N-methyl-N-2- hydroxyethylamino) -s-tria
  • polyethylene glycols particularly those of molecular weight 1000-10000, more particularly 2000 to 8000 and most preferably about 4000. These are used at levels of from 0.20% to 5% more preferably from 0.25% to 2.5% by weight. These polymers and the previously mentioned homo- or co-polymeric polycarboxylate salts are valuable for improving whiteness maintenance, fabric ash deposition, and cleaning performance on clay, proteinaceous and oxidizable soils in the presence of transition metal impurities.
  • Soil release agents useful in compositions of the present invention are conventionally copolymers or terpolymers of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol units in various arrangements. Examples of such polymers are disclosed in the commonly assigned US Patent Nos. 4116885 and 4711730 and European Published Patent Application No. 0 272 033. A particular preferred polymer in accordance with EP-A-0 272 033 has the formula
  • modified polyesters as random copolymers of dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl sulfoisophthalate, ethylene glycol and 1-2 propane diol, the end groups consisting primarily of sulphobenzoate and secondarily of mono esters of ethylene glycol and/or propane-diol .
  • the target is to obtain a polymer capped at both end by sulphobenzoate groups, "primarily", in the present context most of said copolymers herein will be end- capped by sulphobenzoate groups.
  • some copolymers will be less than fully capped, and therefore their end groups may consist of monoester of ethylene glycol and/or propane 1-2 diol, thereof consist “secondarily” of such species .
  • the selected polyesters herein contain about 46% by weight of dimethyl terephthalic acid, about 16% by weight of propane -1.2 diol, about 10% by weight ethylene glycol about 13% by weight of dimethyl sulfobenzoic acid and about 15% by weight of sulfoisophthalic acid, and have a molecular weight of about 3.000.
  • the polyesters and their method of preparation are described in detail in EPA 311 342. The combination of cellulase, CTC and polyesters have found to synergistically improve the whiteness and color maintenance .
  • Fabric softening agents can also be incorporated into laundry detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention. These agents may be inorganic or organic in type. Inorganic softening agents are exemplified by the smectite clays disclosed in GB-A-1 400 898 and in USP 5,019,292. Organic fabric softening agents include the water insoluble tertiary amines as disclosed in GB-A1 514 276 and EP-B0 011 340 and their combination with mono C12- C14 quaternary ammonium salts are disclosed in EP-B-0 026 527 and EP-B-0 026 528 and di-long-chain amides as disclosed in EP-B-0 242 919. Other useful organic ingredients of fabric softening systems include high molecular weight polyethylene oxide materials as disclosed in EP-A-0 299 575 and 0 313 146.
  • Levels of smectite clay are normally in the range from 5% to 15%, more preferably from 8% to 12% by weight, with the material being added as a dry mixed component to the remainder of the formulation.
  • Organic fabric softening agents such as the water-insoluble tertiary amines or dilong chain amide materials are incorporated at levels of from 0.5% to 5% by weight, normally from 1% to 3% by weight whilst the high molecular weight polyethylene oxide materials and the water soluble cationic materials are added at levels of from 0.1% to 2%, normally from 0.15% to 1.5% by weight.
  • These materials are normally added to the spray dried portion of the composition, although in some instances it may be more convenient to add them as a dry mixed particulate, or spray them as molten liquid on to other solid components of the composition.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for inhibiting dye transfer from one fabric to another of solubilized and suspended dyes encountered during fabric laundering operations involving colored fabrics. It has been found that the combination of cellulase, polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents and CTC leads to synergistic improvement in color whiteness and maintenance.
  • the detergent compositions according to the present invention also comprise from 0.001% to 10 %, preferably from 0.01% to 2%, more preferably from 0.05% to 1% by weight of polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents.
  • Said polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents are normally incorporated into detergent compositions in order to inhibit the transfer of dyes from colored fabrics onto fabrics washed therewith. These polymers have the ability to complex or adsorb the fugitive dyes washed out of dyed fabrics before the dyes have the opportunity to become attached to other articles in the wash.
  • polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents are polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N- vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyvmyloxazolidones and polyvmylimidazoles or mixtures thereof .
  • polyamine N-oxide polymers suitable for use contain units having the following structure formula : P
  • R wherein P is a polymerisable unit, whereto the R-N-O group can be attached to or wherein the R-N-O group forms part of the polymerisable unit or a combination of both.
  • A is NC, CO, C, -0-,-S-, -N- ; x is 0 or 1; R are aliphatic, ethoxylated aliphatics, aromatic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or any combination thereof whereto the nitrogen of the N-0 group can be attached or wherein the nitrogen of the N-0 group is part of these groups.
  • the N-0 group can be represented by the following general structures :
  • R3z wherein Rl , R2 , and R3 are aliphatic groups, aromatic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or combinations thereof, x or/and y or/and z is 0 or 1 and wherein the nitrogen of the N-0 group can be attached or wherein the nitrogen of the N-0 group forms part of these groups.
  • the N-0 group can be part of the polymerisable unit (P) or can be attached to the polymeric backbone or a combination of both.
  • Suitable polyamine N-oxides wherein the N-0 group forms part of the polymerisable unit comprise polyamine N-oxides wherein R is selected from aliphatic, aromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic groups .
  • polyamine N-oxides comprises the group of polyamine N-oxides wherein the nitrogen of the N-0 group forms part of the R-group.
  • Preferred polyamine N-oxides are those wherein R is a heterocyclic group such as pyrridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine, quinoline, acridine and derivatives thereof.
  • Another class of said polyamine N-oxides comprises the group of polyamine N-oxides wherein the nitrogen of the N-0 group is attached to the R-group.
  • polyamine N-oxides are the polyamine oxides whereto the N-0 group is attached to the polymerisable unit.
  • Preferred class of these polyamine N-oxides are the polyamine N-oxides having the general formula (I) wherein R is an aromatic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups wherein the nitrogen of the N-0 functional group is part of said R group .
  • polyamine N-oxides are the polyamine oxides having the general formula (I) wherein R are aromatic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups wherein the nitrogen of the N-0 functional group is attached to said R groups .
  • polyamine oxides wherein R groups can be aromatic such as phenyl examples of these classes are polyamine oxides wherein R groups can be aromatic such as phenyl.
  • Any polymer backbone can be used as long as the amine oxide polymer formed is water-soluble and has dye transfer inhibiting properties.
  • suitable polymeric backbones are polyvinyls, polyalkylenes , polyesters, polyethers, polyamide, polyimides, polyacrylates and mixtures thereof .
  • the amine N-oxide polymers of the present invention typically have a ratio of amine to the amine N-oxide of 10:1 to 1:1000000.
  • the amount of amine oxide groups present in the polyamine oxide polymer can be varied by appropriate copolymerization or by appropriate degree of N- oxidation.
  • the ratio of amine to amine N-oxide is from 2:3 to 1:1000000. More preferably from 1:4 to 1:1000000, most preferably from 1:7 to 1:1000000.
  • the polymers of the present invention actually encompass random or block copolymers where one monomer type is an amine N- oxide and the other monomer type is either an amine N-oxide or not.
  • the amine oxide unit of the polyamine N-oxides has a PKa ⁇ 10, preferably PKa ⁇ 7, more preferred PKa ⁇ 6.
  • the polyamine oxides can be obtained in almost any degree of polymerisation. The degree of polymerisation is not critical provided the material has the desired water- solubility and dye-suspending power.
  • the average molecular weight is within the range of 500 to 1000,000; preferably from 1,000 to 50,000, more preferably from 2,000 to 30,000, most preferably from 3, 000 to 20, 000.
  • N-vinylimidazole N-vinylpyrrolidone polymers used in the present invention have an average molecular weight range from 5,000-1,000,000, preferably from 20,000-200,000.
  • Highly preferred polymers for use in detergent compositions according to the present invention comprise a polymer selected from N-vinylimidazole N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers wherein said polymer has an average molecular weight range from 5,000 to 50,000 more preferably from 8,000 to 30,000, most preferably from 10,000 to 20,000.
  • the average molecular weight range was determined by light scattering as described in Barth H.G. and Mays J.W. Chemical Analysis Vol 113, "Modern Methods of Polymer Characterization" .
  • N-vinylimidazole N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers have an average molecular weight range from 5,000 to 50,000; more preferably from 8,000 to 30,000; most preferably from 10,000 to 20,000.
  • the N-vinylimidazole N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymers characterized by having said average molecular weight range provide excellent dye transfer inhibiting properties while not adversely affecting the cleaning performance of detergent compositions formulated therewith.
  • the N-vinylimidazole N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer of the present invention has a molar ratio of N-vinylimidazole to N-vinylpyrrolidone from 1 to 0.2, more preferably from 0.8 to 0.3, most preferably from 0.6 to 0.4 .
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention may also utilize polyvinylpyrrolidone ("PVP") having an average molecular weight of from about 2,500 to about 400,000, preferably from about 5,000 to about 200,000, more preferably from about 5,000 to about 50,000, and most preferably from about 5,000 to about 15,000.
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • Suitable polyvinylpyrrolidones are commercially vailable from ISP Corporation, New York, NY and Montreal, Canada under the product names PVP K-15 (viscosity molecular weight of 10,000), PVP K-30 (average molecular weight of 40,000), PVP K-60 (average molecular weight of 160,000), and PVP K-90 (average molecular weight of 360,000) .
  • polyvinylpyrrolidones which are commercially available from BASF Cooperation include Sokalan HP 165 and Sokalan HP 12; polyvinylpyrrolidones known to persons skilled in the detergent field (see for example EP-A-262,897 and EP-A- 256,696) .
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention may also utilize polyvinyloxazolidone as a polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agent.
  • Said polyvmyloxazolidones have an average molecular weight of from about 2,500 to about 400,000, preferably from about 5,000 to about 200,000, more preferably from about 5,000 to about 50,000, and most preferably from about 5,000 to about 15,000.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention may also utilize polyvinylimidazole as polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agent.
  • Said polyvmylimidazoles have an average about 2,500 to about 400,000, preferably from about 5,000 to about 200,000, more preferably from about 5,000 to about 50,000, and most preferably from about 5,000 to about 15,000.
  • the process described herein comprises contacting fabrics with a laundering solution in the usual manner and exemplified hereunder.
  • the process of the invention is conveniently carried out in the course of the cleaning process .
  • the method of cleaning is preferably carried out at 5°C to 95°C, especially between 10°C and 60°C.
  • the pH of the treatment solution is preferably from 7 to 11, especially from 7.5 to 10.5. Highly preferred pH is between 9 to 10.5.
  • the following examples are meant to exemplify compositions of the present invention, but are not necessarily meant to limit or otherwise define the scope of the invention.
  • TAS Sodium tallow alkyl sulphate
  • SAS C 12 -C 14 secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate in the form of the sodium salt.
  • APG Alkyl polyglycoside surfactant of formula C ⁇ " (glycosyl) x , where x is 1.5,
  • AEC Alkyl ethoxycarboxylate surfactant of formula C]_ ethoxy (2) carboxylate.
  • XYEZS C 1X - CXY sodium alkyl sulfate condensed with an average of Z moles of ethylene oxide per mole
  • Nonionic c 13 " c 15 TM--- ⁇ -ed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohol with an average degree of ethoxylation of 3.8 and an average degree of propoxylation of 4.5 sold under the tradename Plurafax LF404 by BASF Gmbh
  • Zeolite A Hydrated Sodium Aluminosilicate of formula Na 12 ( A10 2 Si0 2 ) 12 • 27H 0 having a primary particle size in the range from 1 to 10 micrometers Zeol i te MAP Alkali metal alumino-silicate of the zeolite P type having a silicon to aluminium ratio not greater than 1.33
  • Paraffin Paraffin oil sold under the tradename Winog 70 by Wintershall.
  • Lipase Lipolytic enzyme sold under the tradename Lipolase, Lipolase Ultra by Novo Nordisk A/S
  • POD Cellulase Cellulosic enzyme sold under the tradename Carezyme or Celluzyme by Novo Nordisk A/S. Carezyme IT (1000 CEVU/g) Celluzyme IT (1000 CEVU/g)
  • DETPMP Diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid) , marketed by Monsanto under the Trade name Dequest 2060
  • CTC The CTC tested are (level of ingredient is expressed in percentage by weight) :
  • a granular detergent was prepared according to a composition described in (6) without CTC.
  • the treatment A corresponds to a treatment where a level of cellulase of 50 CEVU/L is tested in absence of CTC.
  • the treatment B is the same as treatment A except that the CTC
  • Treatment C is the same as treatment A except that the CTC is added after 5 minutes in the wash.
  • Treatment D is a reference treatment and has no cellulase and no CTC. Tensile strength loss and depilling benefits on cotton fabrics are monitored during the test (3-4) .
  • the cellulase is Carezyme supplied by Novo Nordisk. Activity of the enzyme granulate is 1000 Cevu/g.
  • TSL Tensile strength loss
  • Test conditions The granular detergent is added via a granulette to a Miele washing machine.
  • Detergent ( ⁇ ) concentration in the wash liquor is 5000 ppm. Wash conditions are as follows: water temperature is 40°C (heat up cycle) , water hardness is 15 grains/US gallon. Tests are run in the presence of a 3 -kg load of clean fabrics (poly-ester, cotton, polycotton) .
  • Non-ionic surfactant system used is a 2.7:1 mixture of Marlipal 24/50 (C24E05) and C16/C18 glucose amide. HLB of these surfactant has been measured to be >10.
  • Treatment A leads to significantly higher tensile strength loss than treatments C.
  • the optimum release profile for the CTCI system therefore is >5 minutes delivering equal benefit to A and no meaningful increase in tensile strength loss versus a nil-cellulase treatment D.
  • the following washing machine test was performed.
  • the first treatment corresponds to a reference treatment where a level of cellulase of 10 CEVU/L is tested in absence of CTC.
  • the treatment 2 has the same level of cellulase and a CTC (described in 3) .
  • Treatment 3 is the same as treatment 2 except that the CTC is not controlled released.
  • Cellulase activity is monitored during the test via a method described in (2) . ⁇ c (3) ConCellu] .ase ( ⁇ Activity ⁇ 2) trolled in the wash (%) Release
  • the cellulase is Carezyme supplied by Novo Nordisk. Activity of the enzyme granulate is 1000 Cevu/g.
  • the cellulase activity is quantified in a detergent matrix (5) by a two-step procedure.
  • the ⁇ -1-4 glycoside bonds of insoluble cellulose (cotton linters) are hydrolysed randomly by the cellulase in the presence of cellobiase, to yield D-Glucose.
  • the concentration of D-glucose, which is proportional to the cellulase activity is measured indirectly by spectrophotometry at 340 nm using an Abbott commercial enzymatic testkit (hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the presence of NAD+ . Standard Carezyme is used for calibration and the results are expressed as % of standard Carezyme .
  • Test conditions The granular detergent is added via a granulette to a Miele washing machine. Detergent '>) concentration in the wash liquor is 5000 ppm. Wash conditions are as follows: water temperature is 40°C (heat up cycle), water hardness is 15 grain/US gallon. Tests are run in absence of ballast load.
  • Non- ionic surfactant system used is a 2.7:1 mixture of Marlipal 24/50 (C24E05) and C16/C18 glucose amide. HLB of these surfactant has been measured to be >10.
  • treatment 1 has relatively stable cellulase activity in the wash.
  • Treatment 2 which incorporates the controlled release CTC, shows full cellulase activity for the first 5 minutes of the wash. After 5 minutes, the CTC is released and deactivates the cellulase.
  • Treatment 3 shows a significant loss of cellulase activity right from the start of the wash. As a result, treatment 3 is deficient. Therefore, treatment 2 which contains the controlled release CTC is highly desired because it leads to optimum cellulase activity through the wash.
  • the following multi-cycle washing machine test was carried out under the laundry conditions described in (5) .
  • the first treatment corresponds to a reference treatment where a level of cellulase of 10 CEVU/L is tested in absence of CTC.
  • the treatment 2 has a 10X higher level of cellulase and a CTC (described in 3) .
  • Treatment 3 is the same as treatment 2 except that it does not incorporate the CTC. Tensile strength loss and depilling benefits on cotton fabrics are monitored during the test .
  • D CTC Treatment Cellulase
  • CEVU/L Depilling Relalevel
  • the cellulase is Carezyme supplied by Novo Nordisk. Activity of the enzyme granulate is 1000 Cevu/g.
  • TSL Tensile strength loss
  • Non- ionic surfactant system used is a 2.7:1 mixture of Marlipal 24/50 (C24E05) and C16/C18 glucose amide. HLB of these surfactant has been measured to be >10.
  • test results shows that reference treatment 1 delivers a relatively low level of depilling benefits.
  • the benefit profile of treatment 1 is deficient compared to the high level of benefit seen in treatment 2 and 3.
  • Treatment 3 shows a significant level of TSL compared to treatment 1 and 2.
  • treatment 3 is deficient. Therefore, treatment 2 which contains the CTC is highly desired for benefits and because it is not deficient for tensile strength.
  • Granular fabric cleaning compositions in accordance with the invention were prepared as follows:
  • Granular fabric cleaning compositions in accordance with the invention were prepared as follows:
  • Granular fabric cleaning compositions in accordance with the invention which are especially useful in the laundering of coloured fabrics were prepared as follows :
  • Granular fabric cleaning compositions in accordance with the invention were prepared as follows:
  • Granular suds suppressor 3.5 3.5 CTC + + Water/minors Up to 100%
  • a granular fabric cleaning compositions in accordance with the invention which provide "softening through the wash” capability were prepared as follows:
  • Granular suds suppressor 1.0 4.0 2.0
  • Heavy duty liquid fabric cleaning compositions suitable for use in the pretreatment of stained fabrics, and for use in a machine laundering method, in accordance with the invention were prepared as follows:
  • Heavy duty liquid fabric cleaning compositions in accordance with the invention were prepared as follows
  • Oleic acid 1.8 - 1.0 -

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Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à des compositions détersives comprenant une composition de terminaison de la cellulase et une cellulase, lesquelles servent à empêcher la perte potentielle de résistance à la traction liée à l'activité hydrolytique de la cellulase sur des substrats cellulosiques, en même temps qu'elles conservent les avantages souhaités résultant de l'utilisation de la cellulase.
PCT/US1996/013635 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Regulation de l'activite de la cellulase par un terminateur WO1998008926A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96929021A EP0927241A1 (fr) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Regulation de l'activite de la cellulase par un terminateur
BR9612710-4A BR9612710A (pt) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Controle da atividade da celulase por um terminador
AU68579/96A AU6857996A (en) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Cellulase activity control by a terminator
PCT/US1996/013635 WO1998008926A1 (fr) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Regulation de l'activite de la cellulase par un terminateur
CA002264047A CA2264047A1 (fr) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Regulation de l'activite de la cellulase par un terminateur
ARP970103878A AR009340A1 (es) 1996-08-26 1997-08-26 Composicion detergente que comprende celulasa y una composicion eliminadora de la celulasa, y aditivo detergente que la contiene

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1996/013635 WO1998008926A1 (fr) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Regulation de l'activite de la cellulase par un terminateur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998008926A1 true WO1998008926A1 (fr) 1998-03-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/013635 WO1998008926A1 (fr) 1996-08-26 1996-08-26 Regulation de l'activite de la cellulase par un terminateur

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0927241A1 (fr)
AR (1) AR009340A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6857996A (fr)
CA (1) CA2264047A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998008926A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000066696A1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-09 Genencor International, Inc. Matrice detergente a base de cellulase
US7595182B2 (en) 2003-12-03 2009-09-29 Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., Endoglucanase STCE and cellulase preparation containing the same

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0384503A1 (fr) * 1989-02-22 1990-08-29 Unilever N.V. Métalloporphyrines pour l'utilisation comme catalyseur de blanchiment
WO1992013030A1 (fr) * 1991-01-17 1992-08-06 Genencor International, Inc. Composition granulaire
EP0596186A1 (fr) * 1992-11-06 1994-05-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions détergentes avec additifs pour empêcher le transfert de colorant
WO1994024250A1 (fr) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition et procede d'inhibition du transfert de couleur
USH1468H (en) * 1994-04-28 1995-08-01 Costa Jill B Detergent compositions containing cellulase enzyme and selected perfumes for improved odor and stability
WO1995028463A1 (fr) * 1994-04-13 1995-10-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergents a teneur reduite en agent de blanchiment au peroxyde, contenant un agent chelateur et des enzymes

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DE19518695A1 (de) * 1995-05-22 1996-11-28 Henkel Kgaa Redoxaktive Substanzen enthaltende saure Granulate
EP0832175B1 (fr) * 1995-06-16 2001-07-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions d'agents de blanchiment comprenant des catalyseurs au cobalt
JPH11515049A (ja) * 1995-10-19 1999-12-21 チバ スペシャルティ ケミカルズ ホールディング インコーポレーテッド 漂白または洗浄組成物
DE19600159A1 (de) * 1996-01-04 1997-07-10 Hoechst Ag Bleichmittelsysteme enthaltend Bis- und Tris-(mu-oxo)-di-Mangan-Komplexsalze
GB2311078A (en) * 1996-03-16 1997-09-17 Procter & Gamble Bleaching composition containing cellulolytic enzyme
GB2311541A (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-01 Procter & Gamble Oxygen-releasing bleach composition
MA24178A1 (fr) * 1996-05-13 1997-12-31 Procter & Gamble Composition detergente comprenant un enzyme cellulase et un enzyme laccase

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0384503A1 (fr) * 1989-02-22 1990-08-29 Unilever N.V. Métalloporphyrines pour l'utilisation comme catalyseur de blanchiment
WO1992013030A1 (fr) * 1991-01-17 1992-08-06 Genencor International, Inc. Composition granulaire
EP0596186A1 (fr) * 1992-11-06 1994-05-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions détergentes avec additifs pour empêcher le transfert de colorant
WO1994024250A1 (fr) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition et procede d'inhibition du transfert de couleur
WO1995028463A1 (fr) * 1994-04-13 1995-10-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergents a teneur reduite en agent de blanchiment au peroxyde, contenant un agent chelateur et des enzymes
USH1468H (en) * 1994-04-28 1995-08-01 Costa Jill B Detergent compositions containing cellulase enzyme and selected perfumes for improved odor and stability

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000066696A1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-09 Genencor International, Inc. Matrice detergente a base de cellulase
US6565613B1 (en) 1999-04-29 2003-05-20 Genencor International, Inc. Cellulase detergent matrix
AU770549B2 (en) * 1999-04-29 2004-02-26 Genencor International, Inc. Cellulase detergent matrix
US7595182B2 (en) 2003-12-03 2009-09-29 Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., Endoglucanase STCE and cellulase preparation containing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0927241A1 (fr) 1999-07-07
AU6857996A (en) 1998-03-19
AR009340A1 (es) 2000-04-12
CA2264047A1 (fr) 1998-03-05

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