WO1998006377A1 - Oral compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a preferred method of herbal extraction, and drying.

Description

ORAL COMPOSITIONS

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to method of manufacturing oral compositions containing combinations of herbal materials (preferably extracts thereof) or herbal matenals mixed with water insoluble noncationic agents, as antiplaque, anticalculus and anticaπes agents

Plaque induced diseases, including peπodontitis and gingivitis, are believed to involve anaerobic bactenai infections Periodontal disease affects the peπodontium, which is the investing and supporting tissue surrounding a tooth (i e , the penodontal ligament, the gingiva, and the alveolar bone) Gingivitis and penodontitis are inflammatory disorders of the gingiva and the periodontal ligament, respectively Gingivosis and peπodontosis are more severe conditions involving degenerative disorders of the tissue Combinations of inflammatory and degenerative conditions are termed penodontitis complex

Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss in adults Tooth loss from periodontal disease is a significant problem beginning at age 35, but even by age 15 it is estimated that about 4 out of 5 persons already have gingivitis and 4 out of 10 have penodontitis

While good oral hygiene, as achieved by brushing the teeth with a cleansing dentifrice, may help reduce the incidence of periodontal disease, it does not necessarily prevent or eliminate its occurrence This is because microorganisms contribute to both the initiation and progress of periodontal disease Thus, in order to prevent or treat periodontal disease, these microorganisms must be suppressed by some means other than simple mechanical scrubbing Towards this end, there has been a great deal of research aimed at developing therapeutic dentifrices, mouthwashes, and methods of treating periodontal disease which are effective in suppressing these microorganisms

Dental calculus, or tartar as it is sometimes called, is a deposit which forms on the surfaces of the teeth at the gingival margin Supragingival calculus appears principally in the areas near the orifices of the salivary ducts; e g , on the lingual surfaces of the lower anterior teeth and on the buccal surfaces of the upper first and second molars, and on the distal surfaces of the posterior molars

Mature calculus consists of an inorganic portion which is largely calcium phosphate arranged in a hydroxyapatite crystal lattice structure similar to bone, enamel and dentine An organic portion is also present and consists of desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, salivary sediment, food debris and various types of microorganisms

As the mature calculus develops, it becomes visibly white or yellowish in color unless stained or discolored by some extraneous agent A wide variety of chemical and biological agents have been suggested in the art to retard calculus formation or to remove calculus after it is formed Mechanical removal of this material periodically by the dentist is, of course, routine dental office procedure

The chemical approach to calculus inhibition generally involves chelation of calcium ions and/or crystal growth inhibition which prevents the calculus from forming and/or breaks down mature calculus by removing calcium

Tπclosan and herbal materials have been disclosed individually for use in oral products to combat plaque and gingivitis

Although there have been a number of approaches disclosed for combating periodontal disease, canes and calculus, there is still the desire and need to develop improved products possessing such properties

It is an object of the present invention to provide methods for obtaining extracts of golden thread and honeysuckle flowers and similar materials

These and other objects will become more clear from the detailed description which follows

All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight unless otherwise specified Also all measurements referred to herein are made at 25°C in the composition or on the pure matenal unless otherwise specified

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention embraces a method of obtaining herbal extracts

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compositions of the present invention comprise water insoluble noncationic and/or specific herbal extract materials obtained using the disclosed process

By "safe and effective amount" as used herein means sufficient amount of material to provide the desired benefit while being safe to the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity

By the term "compnsing", as used herein, is meant that various additional components can be conjointly employed in the compositions of this invention as long as the listed materials perform their intended functions

By the term "acceptable earner", as used herein, is meant a suitable earner which can be used to apply the present agent(s) to the oral cavity without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio

Water Insoluble Noncationic Agents Given below are examples of antibacterial agents useful in the compositions of the present invention which are water insoluble and noncationic.

Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers 2',4,4'-trichloro-2-hydroxy-diphenyl ether (Triclosan) 2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dibromo-diphenyl ether.

Phenolic Compounds (including phenol and its homologs, mono- and poly-alkyl and aromatic halophenols, resorcinol and its derivatives, bisphenolic compounds and halogenated salicylanilides).

Phenol and its Homologs

Phenol

2 Methyl - Phenol

3 Methyl - Phenol

4 Methyl - Phenol

4 Ethyl - Phenol

2,4-Dimethyl - Phenol

2,5-Dimethyl - Phenol

3,4-Dimethyl - Phenol

2,6-Dimethyl - Phenol

4-n-Propyl - Phenol

4-n-Butyl - Phenol

4-n-Amyl - Phenol

4-tert-Amyl - Phenol

4-n-Hexyl - Phenol

4-n-Heptyl - Phenol

Mono- and Polv-Alkvl and Aromatic Halophenols p-Chlorophenol

Methyl- p-Chlorophenol

Ethyl - p-Chlorophenol n-Propyl - p-Chlorophenol n-Butyl - p-Chlorophenol n-Amyl - p-Chlorophenol sec- Amy 1 - p-Chlorophenol n-Hexyl - p-Chiorophenol

Cyclohexyl - p-Chlorophenol n-Hepty. - p-Chlorophenol n-Octyl - p-Chlorophenol o-Chlorophenol

Methyl- o-Chlorophenol

Ethyl - o-Chlorophenol n-Propyl - o-Chlorophenol n-Butyl - o-Chlorophenol n-Amyl - o-Chlorophenol tert-Amyl ■ o-Chlorophenol n-Hexyl - o-Chlorophenol n-Heptyl ■ o-Chlorophenol o-Benzyl - p-Chlorophenol o-Benxyl-m-methyl - p-Chlorophenol o-Benzyl-m, m-dimethyl - p-Chlorophenol o-Phenylethyl - p-Chlorophenol o-Phenylethyl-m-methyl - p-Chlorophenol

3-Methyl - p-Chlorophenol

3,5-Dimethyl - p-Chlorophenol

6-Ethyl-3-methyl - p-Chlorophenol

6-n-Propyl-3-methyl - p-Chlorophenol

6-ιso-Propyl-3-methyl - p-Chlorophenol

2-Ethyl-3,5-dιmethyl - p-Chlorophenol

6-sec-Butyl-3-methyl - p-Chlorophenol

2-ιso-Propyl-3,5-dimethyl - p-Chlorophenol

6-Dιethylmethyl-3-methyl - p-Chlorophenol

6-ιso-Propyl-2-ethyl-3-methyl - p-Chlorophenol

2-sec-Amy 1-3, 5-d imethy I - p-Chlorophenol

2-Dιethylmethyl-3,5-dimethyl - p-Chlorophenol

6-sec-Octyl-3-methyl - p-Chlorophenol p-Bromophenol

Methyl - p-Bromophenol

Ethyl - p-Bromophenol n-Propyl - p-Bromophenol n-Butyl - p-Bromophenol n-Amyl - p-Bromophenol sec-Amyl - p-Bromophenol n-Hexyl - p-Bromophenol cyclohexyl - p-Bromophenol o-Bromophenol tert-Amyl - o-Bromophenol n-Hexyl - o-Bromophenol n-Propyl-m,mDιmethyl - o-Bromophenol 2-Phenyl Phenol 4-Chloro-2-methyl phenol 4-Chloro-3-methyl phenol 4-Chloro-3,5-dιmethyl phenol 2,4-dιchloro-3,5-dιmethylphenol 3,4,5,6-terabromo-2-methylphenol 5-methyl-2-pentylphenol 4-ιsopropyl-3-methylphenol 5-Chloro-2-hydroxydιphenylmethane Resorcinol and its Derivatives

Resorcinol

Methyl - Resorcinol

Ethyl - Resorcinol n-Propyl - Resorcinol n-Butyl - Resorcinol n-Amyl - Resorcinol n-Hexyl - Resorcinol n-Heptyl - Resorcinol n-Octyl - Resorcinol n-Nonyl - Resorcinol

Phenyl - Resorcinol

Benzyl - Resorcinol

Phenylethyl - Resorcinol

Phenylpropyl - Resorcinol p-Chlorobenzyl - Resorcinol

5-Chloro -2,4-Dιhydroxydιphenyl Methane

4'-Chloro -2,4- -Dihydroxydiphenyl Methane

5-Bromo -2,4* -Dihydroxydiphenyl Methane

4'-Bromo -2,4- -Dihydroxydiphenyl Methane

Bisphenolic Compounds

2,2'-methylene bis (4-chlorophenol) 2,2'-methylene bis (3,4,6-trιchlorophenol) 2,2'-methylene bis (4-chloro-6-bromophenol) bis (2-hydroxy-3,5-dιchlorophenyl) sulphide bis (2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzyl) sulphide

Halogenated Salicylanilides 4',5-dιbromosalιcyianιlιde 3,4',5-trιchlorosalcylanιiιde 3,4',5-trιbromosalιcylanιlιde 2,3,3',5-tetrachlorosalιcylanιlιde 3, 3', 5-tπchlorosalιcy lani de 3,5-dιbromo-3'-trιfiuoromethyl salicylanilide 5-n-octanoyl-3'-tπfluoromethyl salιcylanιlιde 3, 5-dιbromo-4'-trιfluoromethyl salicylanilide 3,5-dιbromo-3'-tnfluoromethyl salicylanilide

(Fluorophene)

Benzoic Esters p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Methyl - p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Ethyl - p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Propyl - p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Butyl - p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Halogenated Carbanilides 3,4 , 4'-trιch lorocarbanilide 3-tπfiuoromethyl-4,4'-dιchlorocarbanιlιde 3, 3' ,4-tπchlorocarbanιlιde

The water insoluble noncationic agent, when present, is present in the oral compositions of the present invention in an effective antiplaque amount, typically about 0 005-5% by weight, preferably about 0 005-1% The agent is substantially water-insoluble, meaning that its solubility is less than about 1% by weight in water at 25°C and may be even less than about 0 1% If an lonizable group is present solubility is determined at a pH at which lonization does not occur

Extracts of Golden Thread and Honeysuckle Flowers

The extracts of herbal materials useful in the development described and claimed herein are extracts of honeysuckle flowers, extracts of golden thread, or mixtures thereof One of the active agents in golden thread is berbenne A reference disclosing berbenne is U S 5,407,921 April 18, 1995, to Katsuragi et al incorporated herein by reference in its entirety Another patent disclosing berbenne is U S Patent 4,735,945, April 5, 1988, to Sakamoto et al also incorporated by reference herein in its entirety Golden thread and honeysuckle flowers are natural materials and can be obtained from the plants themselves or the active components can be synthesized if desired A supplier of these herbal materials is East Earth Herb, Inc , Eugene, Oregon

An active component of golden thread, berbenne, and of honeysuckle flowers, chlorogenic acid, can be obtained from a number of different sources These for berbenne include the following

Many Herbs From Berbeπs, Nadina, Mahonia, Thalictrum spp and very many others in several different families (Annonaceae,

Berbendaceae, Menispermaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae,

Rutaceae and Zingiberaceae) Honeysuckle flower substitutes include the following which are all mateπals which contain chlorogenic acid and/or luteo n flavonoids

Many Herbs from Capnoliaceae family and spp in many other families

(Leguminosae, Flacourtiaceae, Scrophulaπaceae, Euphorbiaceae,

Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Cistaceae, Passifloraceae, Heptaceae,

Juncaeae, Compositae, Resedaceae, Rubiaceae, Labiatae,

Umbelhferae, Logan laceae, Valeπanaceae, Menyanthaceae,

Cornaceae) Golden thread and honeysuckle flowers extracts are present in the products of this invention at an effective level, generally at a level of 0 005% to about 25% preferably from about 0 01% to about 10% most preferably of from about 3% to about 5%

Acceptable Carπer

The carrier for the active component(s) can be any vehicle suitable for use in the oral cavity Such carriers include the usual components of mouthwashes, toothpastes, tooth powders, prophylaxis pastes, lozenges, gums and the like and are more fully described hereinafter. Dentifrices and mouthwashes are the preferred systems.

In addition to the active agent(s), the present compositions may contain other antiplaque/gingivitis agents such as quaternary ammonium compounds, water, staπnous salts and zinc salts These types of agents are described in U.S Patent 4,656,031 , April 7, 1987 to Lane et al , and U S. Patent 5,004,597, April 2, 1991 to Majeti et al All incorporated herein by reference in their entirety

The abrasive polishing material contemplated for use in the present toothpaste part invention can be any material which does not excessively abrade dentin These include, for example, silicas including gels and precipitates, calcium carbonate, dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, tπcalcium phosphate, calcium polymetaphosphate, insoluble

SUBSTITUTE 8liEET L£2B) sodium polymetaphosphate, hydrated alumina, and resinous abrasive materials such as particulate condensation products of urea and formaldehyde, and other such as disclosed by Cooley et al in U S Patent 3,070,510, December 25, 1962, incorporated herein by reference Mixtures of abrasives may also be used

Silica dental abrasives, of various types, can provide the unique benefits of exceptional dental cleaning and polishing performance without unduly abrading tooth enamel or dentin Silica abrasive materials are also exceptionally compatible with sources of soluble fluoride and polyphosphonates For these reasons they are preferred for use herein

The silica abrasive polishing materials useful herein, as well as the other abrasives, generally have an average particle size ranging between about 0 1 to 30 microns, preferably 5 and 15 microns The silica abrasive can be precipitated silica or silica gels such as the silica xerogels described in Pader et al , U S Patent No 3,538,230, issued March 2, 1970 and DiGiu o, U S Patent No 3,862,307, June 21 , 1975, both incorporated herein by reference Preferred are the silica xerogels marketed under the tradename "Syloid" by the W R Grace & Company, Davison Chemical Division Preferred precipitated silica materials include those marketed by the J M Huber Corporation under the tradename, "Zeodent", particularly the silica carrying the designation "Zeodent 119" These silica abrasives are described in U S Patent No 4,340,583, July 29, 1982, incorporated herein by reference

The abrasive in the compositions described herein is present at a level of from about 6% to about 70%, preferably from about 15% to about 25% when the dentifrice is a toothpaste Higher levels, as high as 90%, may be used if the composition is a toothpowder

Flavoring agents can also be added to dentifrice compositions Suitable flavoring agents include oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, and oil of clove Sweetening agents which can be used include aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin, dextrose, levulose and sodium cyclamate Flavoring and sweetening agents are generally used in dentifrices at levels of from about 0 005% to about 2% by weight

Dentifrice compositions can also contain emulsifying agents Suitable emulsifying agents are those which are reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH range, including nonsoap anionic, noniontc, cationic, zwitteπonic and amphoteπc organic synthetic detergents Many of these suitable surfactants are disclosed by Gieske et al in U S Patent No 4,051 ,234, September 27, 1977, incorporated herein by reference

Water is also present in the toothpastes of this invention Water employed in the preparation of commercially suitable toothpastes should preferably be deionized and free of organic impurities Water generally comprises from about 10% to 50%, preferably from about 20% to 40%, by weight of the toothpaste compositions herein These amounts of water include

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 28) the free water which is added plus that which is introduced with other materials such as with sorbitol

In preparing toothpastes, it is necessary to add some thickening material to provide a desirable consistency Preferred thickening agents are carboxyvinyl polymers of the type mentioned previously herein, xanthan gum, carrageenan, hydroxyethyl cellulose and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Natural gums such as gum karaya, gum arable, and gum tragacanth can also be used Colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica can be used as part of the thickening agent to further improve texture Thickening agents in an amount from 0 10% to 5 0% by weight of the total composition can be used

It is also desirable to include some humectant matenal in a toothpaste to keep it from hardening Suitable humectants include glycerin, xylitol sorbitol, and other edible polyhydnc alcohols at a level of from about 5% to about 70%

Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a mouthwash composition Conventional mouthwash composition components can compπse the carrier for the active agents of the present invention Mouthwashes generally comprise from about 20 1 to about 2 1 of a water/ethyl alcohol solution and preferably other ingredients such as flavor, sweeteners, humectants and sudsing agents such as those mentioned above for dentifrices The humectants give a moist feel to the mouth Generally, on a weight basis the mouthwashes of the invention comprise 0% to 60% (preferably 10% to 25%) ethyl alcohol, 0% to 20% (preferably 5% to 20%) of a humectant, 0% to 2% (preferably 0 01% to 0 15%) emulsifying agent, 0% to 0 5% (preferably 0 005% to 0 06%) sweetening agent such as saccharin, 0% to 0 3% (preferably 0 03% to 0 3%) flavoring agent, and the balance water

Suitable lozenge and chewing gum components are disclosed in U S Patent No 4,083,955, Apπl 11, 1978 to Grabenstetter et al , incorporated herein by reference in its entirety

Other optional components useful in the present invention are pyrophosphate salts such as those described in U S 4,515,772, May 7, 1985 to Parran et al incorporated herein by reference

Another agent which can be used in the present compositions is an alkali metal bicarbonate, such as sodium bicarbonate These are stable items of commerce and can be used together with a peroxide compound in separate compartments such as disclosed in U S 4,849,213 and U S 4,528,180, both to Schaeffer, incorporated herein by reference in their entirety

The pH of the present compositions and/or its pH in the mouth can be any pH which is safe for the mouth's hard and soft tissues Such pH's are generally from about 3 to about 10 preferably from about 4 to about 8 5 METHOD OF MANUFACTURE

The carrier compositions of the present invention can be made using methods which are common in the oral products area

For example, toothpaste compositions may be prepared by mixing part of the humectant and water together and heating to 66⁰-71°C The fluoride source, if present, is then added along with the sweetener, the herbal materials are then added followed by the opacifier and the flavor

The herbal extracts useful in the present inventions are formed using the processes set forth below

Preparation of Crude Herbal Material for Extraction

1 Crude herbal materials are milled into fine powders

A Fitzmill comminuting mill is alternately used to a Retschmill for specific milling or reduced sizing needs (e g , coarse gπnding or cryogenic milling) Any grinding operation that achieves the respective particle size for extraction is acceptable

Crude herb extractibi ty is a critical function of exposed surface area of crude herb powder to water mass ratio To eliminate crude herb particle size as a process variable and since the various herbs have different water-holding capability (porosity/absorptivity), a singular particle size is preferred for process control

Depending on the specific type of crude herbs, milling produces a mix of coarse and fine dust particulates

2 All milled crude herb powders are mixed in a Ribbon-type blender for five to 120 minutes to provide uniform particle size of crude herbs prior to extraction

Particle size of milled crude herbal powder is consistent following this step Alternate blenders such as Waπng is acceptable Residual fines are discarded at this step Crude Herbal Matenal Extractions in Water (Either option is suitable)

3 a ) Soxhlet option

About 1-60 parts of milled crude herbal powder are added to 100-5000 parts (process and/or deionized or equivalent grade) water in a Soxhlet Extractor and then decanted A Soxhlet extractor is one or more station continuous reflux extractor with internal condenser slowly feeding 4-100°C water across the herb for up to 48 hours ) Ultrasonics option

Suitable alternate extraction process for developing this water soluble extract include use of ultrasonic water extraction systems which can provide equivalent quality, depending on the herb, with up to 94% faster process cycles Other suitable extraction processes include hydrolysis extracting reactors, fixed bed extracting reactors, desorption extraction columns,

SUBSTITUTE 8HEET (RULE 26) and countercurrent extractors Due to most commercial extraction process limitations, it is normal to have a small amount of particulates in this extract The ratio of herbs to water used in the ultrasonic device is about 2 1 to about 320 1, the extraction temperature is from about 4°C to about 100°C, and the time of extraction is from about 30 minutes to 60 minutes

4 Water-extracted herbal liquid is filtered (e g , 5-100 μ filter cartridge, fine screen or cheesecloth) or centnfuged to remove coarse and/or insoluble particulates

5 Filtered water-extracted herbal liquid is concentrated, depending on herbal ingredient, up to a 50% soluble solids level

In addition to concentration by evaporation, alternate suitable process to achieve higher concentrations prior to final drying include freeze concentration, partial freeze drying, membrane separation, vacuum distillation and vacuum drying

6 Concentrated herbal extract liquids are dried via commercial drying processes

Suitable driers that are used include fluidized bed, freeze dπer, vacuum plate, spray, drum- type and flash driers Drying efficiency is controlled for water content (<10%) and free water considerations (<0 80) to achieve shelf-stability Yield of soluble powder from the drying process is used as key to optimize herb water mass formula for extraction

7 Dried pure solid herbal extract powders are sized and packaged for shipment A dessicating-mateπals such as a silica gel or other suitable FDA-approved, drying agent can be used to control relative humidity and to improve shelf-life

8 Dried pure solid herbal extract powder is now ready for reconstitution into oral care products

COMPOSITIONS USE The following examples further describe and demonstrate preferred compositions employing the process of the present invention The examples are given solely for illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of this invention as many vanations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope thereof

EXAMPLE I

Given below is a composition representative of the present invention

Component Weight % Sodium Fluoπde, USP 0321 Sorbitol, LSR 32662 Silica, Precipitated 20000 RO Water 15478

Glyceπne, Synthetic 8000 Sodium Alkyl Sulfate Soln 7500 PEG 300 Carbowax, NF (PEG6) 6000 Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (60% solution) 4212 Sodium acid pyrophosphate 1386 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Anhydrous 1353 Flavor 1000

Titanium Dioxide, USP (Rutile) 0525 Keltrol (Xanthan Gum, Food Grade) 0500 Sacchann 0470

Tnclosan 99% (irgacare MP) 0280 Carbopol 956 0250

Honeysuckle Flowers Extract, Pure Solid 0025 Golden Thread Extract, Pure Solid 0025 Pigment 0013

In the above compositions, the herbs may be varied using levels set forth herein before Additionally, the compositions may contain other antiplaque/antigingivitis or anticaries components, such as black tea, oolong tea, green tea, quaternary ammonium compounds, and metal salts such as stannous salts and zinc salts Furthermore, members of the Ericaceae family may be used Green, oolong, and black teas are members of the general tea family (Camillia Sinenis) and may also be used in the compositions of the present invention

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS

1 A method of herbal extraction comprising

(a) forming the crude herbal materials into the form of amilled herbal powder,

(b) forming a mixture of the milled herb powder and water,

(c) exposing the mixture of (b) to an ultrasonic water extraction system, and

(d) drying of extract to a water activity of < 0 80

2 The method of Claim 1 wherein the herbal materials extracted are selected from the group consisting of golden thread, honeysuckle flowers and mixtures thereof

The method of either Claims 1 or 2 wherein the ratio of herb to water used in the ultrasonic extraction is from about 2 1 to about 320 1

4 The method of any of Claims 1 -3 wherein the extraction temperature is from about 4°C to about 182°C

5 The method of any of Claims 1-4 wherein the time of extraction is from about 5 to about 120 minutes

6 An oral composition containing a herbal extract produced according to Claim 1

7 A composition according to Claim 6 which in addition contains water-insoluble noncationic antibacterial agents

8 A composition according to either Claims 6 or 7 wherein the herbal extract is berbenne

9 A composition according to any of Claims 6-8 wherein extracts of honeysuckle flowers and golden thread are added at 0 005% to 5%