WO1998003869A1 - Methodes de diagnostic in vitro de maladies neurodegeneratives et trousses pour la mise en oeuvre de ces methodes - Google Patents
Methodes de diagnostic in vitro de maladies neurodegeneratives et trousses pour la mise en oeuvre de ces methodes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998003869A1 WO1998003869A1 PCT/FR1997/001333 FR9701333W WO9803869A1 WO 1998003869 A1 WO1998003869 A1 WO 1998003869A1 FR 9701333 W FR9701333 W FR 9701333W WO 9803869 A1 WO9803869 A1 WO 9803869A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- derivatives
- form corresponds
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- 0 *C(C1)=Nc2c1cc(*)cc2 Chemical compound *C(C1)=Nc2c1cc(*)cc2 0.000 description 2
- XPOTUIUSOCAMMT-HYXAFXHYSA-N CCC(C1)=C(/C=C\C)NC1=O Chemical compound CCC(C1)=C(/C=C\C)NC1=O XPOTUIUSOCAMMT-HYXAFXHYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKDDCVCHFAYEFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc(c(CCCO)c1)ccc1O Chemical compound Nc(c(CCCO)c1)ccc1O HKDDCVCHFAYEFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/5308—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for analytes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. nucleic acids, uric acid, worms, mites
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new methods of in vitro diagnosis of human or animal neurodegenerative diseases, as well as kits (or kits) for the implementation of these methods.
- the peak is found in the urine of certain demented subjects of the Alzheimer type (12 positive cases, 5 “doubtful” cases, 13 negative cases) and mixed dementia (1 positive case, 2 “doubtful” cases, 2 negative cases) and in two cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
- the peak has never been demonstrated in the urine from subjects with pure vascular dementia (13 negative cases).
- it was found in the urine of one of the 38 non-demented subjects (1 positive case, 37 negative cases).
- the monitoring over time of certain subjects suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type has made it possible to show that the expression of this peak is subject to strong variations so that this peak is not permanently detectable in the urine of sick subjects .
- the present invention aims to provide reliable methods of in vitro diagnosis of human or animal neurodegenerative diseases.
- the object of the invention is more specifically to provide in vitro diagnostic methods, making it possible to confirm that a man or an animal is or is not suffering from a declared neurodegenerative disease, in particular in the case where the clinical signs observed in this man or this animal may leave a doubt as to the diagnosis of this disease.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide in vitro diagnostic methods making it possible to detect that a man or an animal suffers or not from a neurodegenerative disease which is not yet declared, that is to say whose clinical signs are not yet apparent.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide in vitro diagnostic methods making it possible to distinguish unambiguously within a herd of animals, those of animals suffering from a neurodegenerative disease (in particular of a spongiform encephalopathy) declared or no, of those not affected by such a disease, only the latter then being likely to be sent to a slaughterhouse for obtaining meat intended for food.
- kits for the implementation of these in vitro diagnostic methods.
- the present invention follows from the discovery made by the inventors, that the aforementioned peak, appearing on the voltammograms measured from the urine of men or animals suffering from declared neurodegenerative diseases, corresponds to the presence in these urines of a marker corresponding to a derivative comprising an indole or oxindole ring, in particular to a derivative corresponding to the general formula (I) indicated below, and more particularly to a derivative of formula (Ib2) corresponding to the oxidized form of the tautomeric form of formula (Ib indicated below.
- FIG. 1 separation profile of samples by cyclic voltammetry of urine from healthy ewes (Figure la), scrapie ewes (Figure lb), cows with BSE ( Figure le), humans healthy elderly people (figure 1d), and humans suffering from senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (figure le),
- FIG. 9 ion chromatography of the abovementioned marker
- FIG. 11 mass spectrum of the marker of formula (Ib2) mentioned above,
- the subject of the invention is the use of any method of detection, and if necessary of assaying, of derivatives comprising an indole or oxindole ring, and more particularly of at least one derivative among those corresponding to the general formula (I) next :
- Rj represents a hydrogen atom, or a sulphate group SO3 " , or a group R a , R a representing a conjugated group (such as a carbohydrate or carbohydrate group), in particular a glucuronide, a glucose, a deoxyribose, or a fructose,
- R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group R a as defined above
- the invention relates more particularly to the abovementioned use of any detection device, and where appropriate of assay, of at least one derivative of formula (Ib) as defined above, in reduced form (Ib 1), in oxidized form (lb2)
- the subject of the invention is also any method of in vitro diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a step of detection, and if necessary of assay, in a suitable human or animal biological sample at least one derivative comprising an indole or oxindole ring, and more particularly at least one derivative among those corresponding to the general formula (I) mentioned above.
- the invention also relates to any method of in vitro diagnosis as defined above, comprising a step of detection, and if necessary of assay, of at least one derivative of formula (Ib) as defined above, under reduced form (Ibl), or in oxidized form (Ib2).
- the subject of the invention is more particularly the application of the abovementioned methods to the in vitro diagnosis of the following pathologies Alzheimer type dementia in humans, mixed dementia in humans, Pick's disease in humans, human spongiform encephalopathies, especially sickness
- the invention relates more particularly to the application of the abovementioned methods to the in vitro diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases defined above, the clinical signs of which are already apparent in humans or animals, these methods making it possible in particular to follow the evolution of the sickness
- the diagnostic methods of the invention allow the screening of these neurodegenerative diseases in apparently carriers healthy, in which the characteristic clinical signs of these diseases are not yet apparent
- the biological sample used in the context of the implementation of the diagnostic methods of the invention is preferably urine, or blood, or other biological fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- CSF cerebrospinal fluid
- the above-mentioned diagnostic methods comprise a step, physical or biological separation of at least one derivative of formula (I) to be detected, in particular in its oxidized form, and more particularly the derivative of the formula (Ib2), of the other constituents of the biological sample, and if appropriate, of direct identification of the drift, in particular by HPLC, gas chromatography, or capillary electrophoresis,
- a step of detecting the possible presence of said drift in this biological sample in particular using one (or more) react ⁇ f (s) brand (s)
- a diagnostic method as described above by physical separation and direct identification of said drift is that carried out by implementing an HPLC method coupled with fluorescence detection.
- Such a method can be carried out in particular according to the method described by Vohcer et al in the context of the detection of abnormal forms of 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin in CSF (Vohcer et al, Arch Neurol, 1985, vol 42, 1158-1161)
- Another detection method which can be coupled with HPLC is that of electrochemistry (a Coulomet ⁇ c detection device such as an ESA 5100 makes it possible to carry out detection and quantitative measurement)
- electrochemistry a Coulomet ⁇ c detection device such as an ESA 5100 makes it possible to carry out detection and quantitative measurement
- the use of standard molecules produced in synthesis and corresponding to the formula to be detected will allow the measurements to be calibrated and the conditions for elution of the molecules described in the formulas la, Ib, and the, to be identified, in particular in the oxidized form tautomer Ib2.
- Another measurement method consists in separating the molecules corresponding to the general formula on gas chromatography (depending on whether or not there is an OH group, sililation will be necessary). The samples will then be measured by mass spectrometry. It should be noted that the shape oxidized according to the formula Ib2 is detectable without prior sililation steps and that its mass is 147 or 148 (with two hydrogens or one hydrogen less than in the reduced form).
- the above-mentioned diagnostic methods comprise a step of biological separation of the derivatives of formulas (I) which may be present in the biological sample, from the other constituents of this sample biological, in particular with the aid of antibodies directed against these derivatives of formula (I), in particular with the aid of antibodies directed against the derivative of formula (Ib2).
- the invention more particularly relates to any in vitro diagnostic method as described above, and comprising the following steps:
- the diagnostic methods of the invention are advantageously carried out according to the ELISA technique (Enzyme Linked
- Immunosorbent Assay in which the anti-immunoglobulins used to reveal the complexes formed between the antibodies fixed on the solid support and the derivatives to be detected, are labeled by coupling to an enzyme itself capable of reacting specifically with a determined substrate.
- an enzyme itself capable of reacting specifically with a determined substrate.
- a subject of the invention is also the polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies directed against at least one derivative of formula (I) mentioned above, and more particularly against the derivative of formula (Ib2).
- a more particular subject of the invention is polyclonal antibodies directed against one or more, or even all, of the derivatives of formula (I) mentioned above.
- Such polyclonal antibodies can be obtained by immunization of an animal with one or more, or even all of the derivatives of formula (I), followed by the recovery of the antibodies produced by the immune system of said animal.
- the invention also relates to the monoclonal antibodies directed against derivatives of the above-mentioned formula (I), and as produced by any hybridoma capable of being formed, by conventional methods, from the spleen cells of an animal, in particular of mice. or rat, immunized against one of the derivatives of formula (I) on the one hand, and cells of an appropriate myeloma on the other hand, and to be selected by its capacity to produce monoclonal antibodies recognizing the derivative of formula (I) above, initially used for the immunization of animals.
- derivatives of formula (I) mentioned above used for obtaining the antibodies described above, these can be obtained either in purified form from an appropriate biological sample, in particular from blood, d urine or cerebrospinal fluid, taken from a man or animal suffering from a neurodegenerative disease, for example according to the purification process described below.
- the oxidized form of these derivatives in the aforementioned reduced form can be obtained by oxidation of the reduced form in an electric field not exceeding a few volts.
- the reduced derivative is introduced into a solution which may consist of a mixture of water and one or more organic solvents (for example an alcohol, an amide or a nitrile) and made conductive of the electric current by adding a support electrolyte such as a mineral acid (HC1, H2SO4 ...) or a salt of an alkali metal.
- the electrochemical cell is, in a conventional manner and well known to those skilled in the art, consisting of two glass containers separated by an ion exchange membrane or any other device making it possible to avoid the diffusion of the reduced or oxidized derivative towards the negative electrode (cathode).
- the electro-oxidation of the reduced derivative is brought about at an anode which may consist of solid carbon or of fiber or of an unassailable metal, for example platinum. Electrolysis is carried out by imposing, using an original potentiostat
- the sulfoconjugation of the derivatives of formulas (la). (Ib) or (le) above, in which R ⁇ represents H, can be obtained using an enzymatic reaction using a sulfotransferase type M (EC 2.8.2.1) purified from rat liver or human platelets according to R. Sekura, 5 M. Duf el, W. Jakoby (Methods in Enzymology, Jakoby W, ed., Académie Press,
- the derivatives of formula (I) used for obtaining the antibodies described above can advantageously be coupled to carrier molecules usually used for haptens, according to techniques known to those skilled in the art, in particular in position a or c on formula (I), in order to increase the immunogenic properties of said derivatives, and thus to increase the production of antibodies.
- the subject of the invention is also any method of in vitro diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases as defined above, characterized in that the detection, or even the assay, of the derivative (s) of formula (I) is carried out without prior separation of said derivative and of the other constituents of the biological sample, in particular by carrying out a colorimetric reaction between said derivative and a molecule or group of molecules reacting specifically with said derivative by causing the appearance of a specific coloration of this reaction , this coloration being either that of the products resulting from the reaction between said derivative and the aforementioned molecule or group of molecules, or that of a substrate transformed by reaction with one of the products of the aforementioned reaction.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of polymers synthesized by methods of combinatorial chemistry (polypeptides,
- Another assay method for establishing a diagnostic kit is advantageously developed from molds produced by impression or "imp ⁇ nting” techniques (K Mosbach and O Ramstrom, Biotechnology, 14, 163-169, 1996)
- the subject of the invention is also any diagnostic method as described above, including a prior step of treatment of the biological sample, in particular by acid hydrolysis, for example using hydrochloric acid (pHl) during 2 hours at 80 ° C., in order to desulfate those of the derivatives of formula (I) in which Rj represents SO ⁇ likely to be present in the biological sample, to obtain that derivatives of formula (I) in which R] repiescnte H in said sample, this step being followed by a step of detecting, or even assaying, the derivatives of formula (I) in which R ⁇ represents
- kits for implementing one of the diagnostic methods of the invention
- kits of the invention comprise
- this marker excreted in the urine is common to human degenerative dementias (dementia of the Alzheimer type, mixed dementia and Pick disease) and human spongiform encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) and animal (scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy).
- the purification of the marker was carried out by usual methods such as: extraction, dialysis, chromatography on an ion exchange column, etc.
- the characterization of the marker in its reduced form was carried out by standard analytical techniques: U .V spectroscopy. , ion chromatography, mass spectrometry, 1 H NMR.
- the marker in its reduced form is identified by comparison with molecules synthesized as being a sulfated derivative of oxindole.
- a voltammetric tracing is carried out in order to verify the presence in sufficient quantity of the marker.
- Dialysis is carried out from the aqueous phase obtained after extraction of the neutral compounds with ethyl acetate.
- the aqueous phase is evaporated under vacuum using a rotary evaporator at a temperature below 40 ° C after the fold has been brought to 5-6 by addition of sodium hydroxide in order to avoid degradation of the marker by acid hydrolysis. .
- the residue is then taken up in HC1 10 ⁇ -> N and then subjected to a cross dialysis which is carried out using a conditioned anion exchange membrane (brand RAI model R n c 1030) in a glass dialysis cell specially made.
- Dialysis is carried out for 24 to 48 hours with magnetic stirring in a cold room at 4 ° C. An aliquot of the concentration compartment is taken in order to check by voltammetry the presence of the marker. At the same time, a UV spectrum of the mixture is produced.
- the dialysate is evaporated to dryness under vacuum, taken up in absolute ethanol, then filtered in order to remove the salts. After evaporation of the ethanol, the residue is dissolved in a minimum volume of 10 " 3 N HCl before being injected onto an open column of anion exchange poly ethylene imine cellulose (PEI).
- PEI poly ethylene imine cellulose
- the various anionic constituents are separated in a cold room with an NaCl gradient. Partially purified fractions are then obtained which show the characteristics of the marker in electrochemistry.
- PEI anion exchange poly ethylene imine cellulose
- the sample containing the marker is applied to the column with a flow rate of 1 ml / minute and the elution obtained and the position of the marker are presented in Figures 4 and 5.
- the marker being negatively charged at pH 1, the inventors assumed that it was a compound excreted in the urine in form condensed with the sulfate ion (derivative "sulfo-conjugate"). In order to test this hypothesis, a small quantity of the purified product was subjected to acid hydrolysis at 80 ° C for 2 hours (this hydrolysis can be obtained by adding HCl so that the pH is
- the fractions containing the marker are evaporated to dryness and taken up in a small volume of HCl 10 ⁇ 3 N before being deposited on cellulose plates for thin layer chromatography (Merck supplier).
- the migration solvent is an 8: 2: 2 butanol / acetic acid / water mixture.
- the different separated products are identified under UV light and detached with the adsorbent layer.
- the cellulose-bound products are taken up in H2O and the cellulose is removed by centrifugation.
- An electrochemical control is then carried out in order to locate the marker.
- the purification by CCM is renewed in order to to obtain a sufficient quantity of product to carry out analyzes by NMR and by mass spectroscopy (FIG. 10).
- These analyzes lead us to the sulfated (diagram (a)) and desulfated (diagram (b)) structures to represent this marker.
- diagram (b) 2 Examples of dosage of the Marker.
- the cyclic electro-amperometry described above is one of these methods which makes it possible to carry out a quantitative assay.
- the marker can be dosed in its natural sulfated form or after desulfation. Desulfation can be obtained as before by acid hydrolysis.
- HPLC high performance chromatography
- ion exchanger like the one described above for the purification of the marker
- electrophoresis capillary can be used.
- Detection of the marker can be based on UV absorption, fluorescence, electrochemistry, mass spectrometry etc. , and the quantification by integration of the surfaces of the corresponding peaks and their comparison with that of two peaks obtained with known doses of the marker.
- Another way of carrying out the assay is the implementation of a technique which calls for recognition by antibodies.
- Obtaining poly or monoclonal antibodies and the assay is carried out according to conventional protocols for those skilled in the art and described for example for the assay of melatonin by Shang-Mian Yie,
- the assays are carried out for example with the measurement of a radioactivity or an enzymatic or colorimetric reaction etc.
- the protocol is as follows: 1 volume of plasma
- the 100 ⁇ l sample is directly injected on HPLC.
- a 1 ml sample of urine acidified to pH1 with hydrochloric acid is subjected to an oxidation-reduction by passing an electric current with cyclic scanning.
- the redox potentials are noted on the abscissa (in mVolts) measured with respect to the normal hydrogen electrode. On the ordinate, the intensity of the current is measured in milliamps.
- the cyclic voltammetry is a system with three electrodes, one in platinum, one with hydrogen and one working with graphite powder. We can note the characteristic peak of the marker at 850 mv indicated by the arrow.
- FIG. 1 Electrovoltamperogram of sheep urine with scrapie after treatment of urine with a volume of ethyl acetate, centrifugation and recovery of the aqueous phase.
- Electrovoltamperogram of the urine sample after extraction with ethyl acetate and membrane dialysis Electrovoltamperogram of the urine sample after extraction with ethyl acetate and membrane dialysis.
- Electrovoltamperogram of the urine sample after purification by an anionic column (polyethylene imine) corresponding to fraction No. 70 of elution of this column by an NaCl gradient (0 and 1 M).
- Electrovoltamperogram of the urine sample after purification by an anionic column (polyethylene imine) corresponding to fraction No. 95 of elution of this column by a NaCl gradient (0 and 1 M).
- sample 88 had been hydrolyzed by HCl about 2 hours at 80 ° C. It can be noted that the peak at 249 nm is now at 254.6 nm.
- the samples corresponding to the fractionations enriched in markers after chromatography on a PEI column are separated by thin layer chromatography on cellulose.
- the area indicated by an arrow corresponds to the marker. This area is removed from the plate and the marker eluted on cellulose gel in water, centrifuged and subjected to voltammetric analyzes.
- Mass spectrum of the marker in its reduced form was measured by two techniques. The electronic impact
- a main peak appears at a mass of 149 in FIG. 11a corresponding to the molecular mass of the marker, the minor peaks corresponding to contaminants or degradation products.
- the spectrum after chemical ionization with ammonia shows a peak with a mass of 150, corresponding to the mass of the marker increased by that of hydrogen and a second peak at 167 corresponding to the mass of the marker increased by 18 (that of NH4).
- Electrovoltamperogram of the synthesized product of the oxindole form The peak can be noted at 850 mV (and at 960 mV in oxidation at the second dotted scan)
- Electrovoltampérogramme of the product synthesizes oxindole and sulfated by enzymatic way
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU37739/97A AU3773997A (en) | 1996-07-17 | 1997-07-17 | Methods for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases (in vitro), and kits therefor |
EP97934586A EP0912893A1 (fr) | 1996-07-17 | 1997-07-17 | METHODES DE DIAGNOSTIC $i(IN VITRO) DE MALADIES NEURODEGENERATIVES ET TROUSSES POUR LA MISE EN OEUVRE DE CES METHODES |
JP10506643A JP2000517048A (ja) | 1996-07-17 | 1997-07-17 | 神経退行変性病理のin vitro診断方法及びこれらの方法を実施するためのキット |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9608941A FR2751412B3 (fr) | 1996-07-17 | 1996-07-17 | Methodes de diagnostic in vitro de maladies neurodegeneratives et trousses pour la mise en oeuvre de ces methodes |
FR96/08941 | 1996-07-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998003869A1 true WO1998003869A1 (fr) | 1998-01-29 |
Family
ID=9494143
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1997/001333 WO1998003869A1 (fr) | 1996-07-17 | 1997-07-17 | Methodes de diagnostic in vitro de maladies neurodegeneratives et trousses pour la mise en oeuvre de ces methodes |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0912893A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2000517048A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU3773997A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2260829A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2751412B3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998003869A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1992017475A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-15 | Pfizer Inc. | Derives d'amines heterocycliques-cycliques |
US5234814A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1993-08-10 | Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company | Diagnostic assay for alzheimer's disease |
WO1995005604A2 (fr) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-23 | Molecular Geriatrics Corporation | Procedes de diagnostic de la maladie d'alzheimer |
US5656447A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-08-12 | Georgetown University | Antibodies specific to quinolinic acid |
-
1996
- 1996-07-17 FR FR9608941A patent/FR2751412B3/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-17 AU AU37739/97A patent/AU3773997A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-17 EP EP97934586A patent/EP0912893A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-07-17 WO PCT/FR1997/001333 patent/WO1998003869A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-17 CA CA 2260829 patent/CA2260829A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-07-17 JP JP10506643A patent/JP2000517048A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5234814A (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1993-08-10 | Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Company | Diagnostic assay for alzheimer's disease |
WO1992017475A1 (fr) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-15 | Pfizer Inc. | Derives d'amines heterocycliques-cycliques |
US5656447A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1997-08-12 | Georgetown University | Antibodies specific to quinolinic acid |
WO1995005604A2 (fr) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-23 | Molecular Geriatrics Corporation | Procedes de diagnostic de la maladie d'alzheimer |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
BANISSI-SABOURDY C ET AL: "ELECTROANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AN OVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPHATY BY REPEATED CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY AT A CAPILLARY GRAPHITE PASTE ELECTRODE", BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND BIOENERGETICS, vol. 28, no. 1/02, 1992, pages 127 - 147, XP000196597 * |
M. P. HEYES ET AL: "Increased ratio of quinolinic acid to kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of D retrovirus-infected Rhesus macaques: relationship to clinical and viral status.", ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, vol. 27, no. 6, June 1990 (1990-06-01), pages 666 - 675, XP002048244 * |
R. SARGES ET AL: "A novel class of "GABAergic" agents: 1-aryl-3-(aminoalkylidene)oxindoles", JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 32, no. 2, 1989, WASHINGTON US, pages 437 - 444, XP002048245 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3773997A (en) | 1998-02-10 |
EP0912893A1 (fr) | 1999-05-06 |
FR2751412A1 (fr) | 1998-01-23 |
CA2260829A1 (fr) | 1998-01-29 |
FR2751412B3 (fr) | 1998-09-25 |
JP2000517048A (ja) | 2000-12-19 |
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