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WO1998059117A1 - Element electriquement conducteur - Google Patents

Element electriquement conducteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998059117A1
WO1998059117A1 PCT/GB1998/001841 GB9801841W WO9859117A1 WO 1998059117 A1 WO1998059117 A1 WO 1998059117A1 GB 9801841 W GB9801841 W GB 9801841W WO 9859117 A1 WO9859117 A1 WO 9859117A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire
electrically
plastics material
conducting
strand
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/001841
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nigel Edwin Wrigley
Original Assignee
Netlon Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Netlon Limited filed Critical Netlon Limited
Priority to AU81209/98A priority Critical patent/AU8120998A/en
Priority to EP98930933A priority patent/EP0991820A1/fr
Priority to JP50401299A priority patent/JP2002506494A/ja
Priority to GB9930073A priority patent/GB2342363B/en
Publication of WO1998059117A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998059117A1/fr
Priority to HK00105704A priority patent/HK1026930A1/xx

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/156—Coating two or more articles simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
    • B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
    • B29C70/885—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding with incorporated metallic wires, nets, films or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2200/00—Geometrical or physical properties
    • E02D2200/17—Geometrical or physical properties including an electric conductive element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrically-conducting elements and particularly but not exclusively those for placing in contact with the soil, eg inserted into or embedded in the soil.
  • electrokinetic effects in geoengineering constructions is known and such use is described on pages 9 to 18 in a paper by C J F P Jones et al entitled "Geosynthetic Materials with Improved Reinforcement Capabilities" and published in the Proceedings of LS. Kyshu '96, November 12 - 14 1996, Fukuoka, Japan.
  • a current is caused to flow through the soil between suitable electrically-conducting elements acting as an anode and a cathode.
  • Land drains can be thin drains or wick drains, which are flat tape-like drain constructions, for instance either being formed of a laid- flat biplanar mesh structure tube with filter fabric wrapped around it or of corrugated plastics material with filter fabric wrapped around it.
  • the main use of electrokinetic effects is in the consolidation of the soil and increase in strength by reducing the water content, but the effect can be employed to clean contaminated land, some contaminants flowing with the water flow and being flushed out - there is a description of removing contaminants in WO 95/21965.
  • suitable electrically-conducting elements such as for an earthing element.
  • the electrically-conducting element can be employed to reinforce the soil, extending for instance horizontally through the soil above another electrically-conducting element which is also extending horizontally through the soil.
  • suitable electrically-conducting elements can be used to provide electromagnetic or antistatic shielding which can be around equipment in any position, whether above the ground or below.
  • soil as used herein can refer to earth or ground, and can be of any suitable form, such as rocks, stones, gravels, sands, clays, mine spoil or slag.
  • the invention provides methods according to Claims 1 or 26 and elements according to Claims 10 or 27.
  • the amount of electrical contact will depend upon die proposed conditions of use.
  • a 2.5 mm or 10 mm length of wire so in contact every 50 mm along the wire may be sufficient if the elements are 1 m or 2 m apart, or, more generally, the spacing of the parts of the wire so in contact along the wire is desirably less than the order of magnitude of the spacing between the two elements.
  • the wire will be exposed between every two adjacent strands that the wire crosses, and in another embodiment the wire will be in electrical contact with an electrically-conducting plastics material at least each time the wire crosses an electrically-conducting strand.
  • the invention also provides methods according to Claims 2, 3 or 4 and elements according to Claims 11, 12 or 13.
  • the invention provides a geoengineering construction, comprising soil and at least one element of the invention.
  • the element can be a drain and or an earthing element, and/or the element can reinforce the soil.
  • the electrically- conducting wire of the element can be electrically connected to a source of electrical potential difference. If the element is acting as an anode, negative pore water pressures in the vicinity of the element can instantaneously increase a bond between the element and the soil.
  • electromigration charged ions moving in solution
  • osmosis liquid containing ions moves
  • phoresis charge particles move
  • the electrically-conducting plastics material contributes to or forms the major part of the shielding - however the wire improves the shielding and provides a good conductor eg for earthing.
  • the wire can be mono-filament or multi-filament.
  • the wire can be of any suitable conducting material.
  • Tinned copper has the advantage of being readily solderable to a power supply wire at any point along its length.
  • Stainless steel has the advantage that electrical contact can be made by mechanical clamping and is particularly useful in general engineering and geoengineering because of its corrosion resistance.
  • Other materials include copper, aluminium or galvanised steel. Due to the electrochemical effect, the actual material can influence the effect achieved. If a suitable metal, eg stainless steel, is used, the electrically-conducting element can also be used as a soil reinforcing element, normally with the wire(s) extending in the direction of expected maximum tension.
  • the wire can be incorporated when making the element so that the wire is engaged by molten or softened plastics material and is retained by the plastics material when the plastics material sets.
  • the wire is passed through the same orifice as a strand, and in general the wire can be embedded in or more generally extend along the strand.
  • the plastics material should be electrically conducting if electrical contact is required with soil.
  • An advantage of the plastics material is that it proudes corrosion protection for the wire. Due to the plastics material being engaged with or around the wire, it provides a large flow-cross-section for the electrical current passing between the wire and the soil.
  • the wire is exposed in a multiplicity of parts along its length.
  • the wire can be inserted in the element without passing through an extrusion orifice or passing through the side of an extrusion orifice (when the wire may be on one side of a strand), when the wire will be exposed between every two adjacent strands that the wire crosses; if the wire is passed through an extrusion orifice, its position can be regularly oscillated from say a position in the centre of the orifice to a position at the side of the orifice; alternatively, the wire can be passed through an orifice in the extrusion head with no plastics material supply. If the wire is exposed, it may have only a short life (days or perhaps weeks) as an electrokinetic anode in geoengineering due to accelerated damage caused by electrochemical actions, but this may be acceptable in certain situations.
  • the wire cross-section is preferably not less than about 10% of the strand cross-sectional area; the wire cross-sectional area is preferably not greater than about 60% of the strand cross-sectional area; the wire cross-sectional area is preferably about 20 to 50% of the strand cross-sectional area.
  • the strand cross- section is that of the plastics material and the wire as measured half-way between crossing points of the mesh.
  • the wire(s) be in the strands of only one set for economy and ease of manufacture. Even in the one set, it is preferred that there be not a wire in each strand - for instance, the wires can be in alternate strands or in every third or fourth strand.
  • All the plastics material of the mesh structure may be electrically conducting, to give a uniform distribution of electrical current in the soil or a uniform degree of electromagnetic shielding, but this is relatively expensive and may be weaker. If cost and/or strength are of importance, it is possible that just one set of strands (that associated with the wires) or just those strands along which the wires run be electrically conducting.
  • the mesh structure can be formed in any suitable way, but the preferred ways are in accordance with GB 836 555 or GB 969 655. For making land drains, the former is preferred, the mesh structure being extruded as a tube with the strands in adjacent planes; the tube is laid flat and is surrounded with a suitable filter material.
  • the four layers of strands in the lay-flat material gives complex drainage passages where at any point water is able to flow in multiple directions, reducing the risk of localised blockage; also, if ground movement or poor installation takes place and the drainage element is kinked in die ground, the four-layer nature can ensure continuation of a drainage path even through the kink.
  • the preferred construction is a trellis mesh construction as in Figure 20 of GB 836 555.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic isometric drawing of a first land drain in accordance with the invention, not in its fully-flat state;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic isometric drawing of a second land drain in accordance with the invention, not in its fully-flat state;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic isometric drawing of a geoengineering construction in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical section through another geoengineering construction in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a vertical section through an enclosure in accordance witi the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a land drain 1 which has a core 2 formed by integral extrusion in accordance with Figure 20 of GB 836 555.
  • the core 2 is a tube of biplanar integrally- extruded plastics material, comprising longitudinal outer strands 3 and helical inner strands 4, thus forming two sets of strands 3, 4 at an angle to each other and crossing each other, the sets being interconnected where they cross. Every alternate longitudinal strand 3 has a wire 5 running approximately along its axis, the wire 5 thereby being embedded in the strand 3 and surrounded by the plastics material of the strand 3.
  • the plastics material of the strands 3 is electrically conducting.
  • the core 2 is wrapped in a suitable filter fabric 6. For use, the drain is completely flattened.
  • the land drain of Fugure 2 is exactly the same as that of Figure 1 , except that the wires 5 have been passed through respective extrusion orifices in the diehead with no plastics material supply so that the wires 5 are partly exposed; however the wires 5 are partly embedded in plastics material where they cross the inner strands 4, which secures the wires 5 in position.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a geoengineering construction with soil 11 containing two electrically-conducting drains 1, eg as in Figure 1 or 2.
  • the cores of the drains 1 are connected in any suitable manner, for instance by clamping or by soldering, to a supply 12 of current so that the right-hand drain 1 acts as a cathode and the left-hand drain 1 acts as an anode. Water will flow from the anode to the cathode, as indicated by the arrow.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a geoengineering construction with soil 11 containing two electrically-conducting drains 1, eg as in Figure 1 or 2.
  • the cores of the drains 1 are connected in any suitable manner, for instance by clamping or by soldering, to a supply 12 of current so that the right-hand drain 1 acts as a cathode and the left-hand drain 1 acts as an anode. Water will flow from the anode to the cathode, as indicated by the arrow.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a
  • Figure 4 illustrates an earth embankment 21 having two layers 22, 23 of electrically- conducting mesh structure embedded therein, the bottom layer 22 being of square-mesh construction and containing electrical wires extending across the embankment 21, and the top layer 23 being of drain construction generally as in Figure 1 or 2.
  • the layers 22, 23 are connected to an electrical supply so that the bottom layer 22 acts as an anode and the top layer 23 acts as a cathode. Water flows upwards towards the top layer 23, which is a drain, and is drained off. Alternatively, depending on the nature of the soil and the degree of water removal required, the polarity and installation of element types may be reversed, when the water flow would be downwards.
  • FIG 5 illustrates an enclosure 41 to whose inner surface has been applied a mesh structure 42 to provide electromagnetic shielding.
  • the mesh structure 42 can be made generally as described with reference to Figure 1 or 2, but the mesh structure tube would be slit and opened up to provide a single layer of biplanar mesh structure.
  • An extrusion die head was prepared to enable wire incorporation, the die head having a stationary outer die and a rotating inner die and the extrusion procedure being in accordance with Figure 20 of GB 836 555.
  • the die head was arranged so that a wire was passed through each alternate orifice (slots in this case) in the outer die.
  • the die was of 63.5 mm diameter and a mandrel of the same diameter was used.
  • the inner and outer dies each had eighteen slots 2 mm wide and 1.5 mm deep and nine wires were passed through the outer die by being introduced into slots (orifices) of the outer stationary die through holes in a stationary die carrier.
  • the wire was of 0.9 mm diameter and was of tinned copper.
  • a trellis net was produced with longitudinal and helical strands 2.2 mm wide and 1.8 mm thick with a nominal weight of 140 g'm run (the nominal weight is the weight that would have been extruded if there were no wires present), with wires 5 encased in every other longitudinal strand 3.
  • the polymer used was Cabot Plastics "Cabelec 3892", formed of conductive carbon black dispersed in a modified high density polyethylene resin, extruded at recommended extrusion temperatures.
  • the speed of rotation of the inner die and the linear speed of fall-off of the mesh structure were set to give a mesh angle of approximately 30° to the axial direction, which is believed to give the optimum combination of mesh stability and drainage performance.
  • the trellis net core so produced was wrapped in "Terrain 1000" filter fabric.
  • Example 1 It would be possible to modify the die head of Example 1 to provide a special die head fed by two extruders, and to make of "Cabelec 3892" only those strands which contain the wires, the remaining strands being made of "Rigidex 5502", a high density polyethylene.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un tuyau de drainage (10) utilisé pour le drainage électrocinétique d'un sol, fabriqué d'une seule pièce, par extrusion d'un tube (2) à structure maillée biface, constitué d'une matière plastique électriquement conductrice de sorte que ledit tube (2) présente une structure en treillis. Chaque brin (3) extérieur, longitudinal, alterné, contient un fil (4) de cuivre étamé qui passe dans la filière externe fixe de la tête de filière lors de l'extrusion dudit brin (3). Le tube ou l'âme ainsi formé est enveloppé dans un tissu filtrant de drainage approprié.
PCT/GB1998/001841 1997-06-23 1998-06-23 Element electriquement conducteur WO1998059117A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU81209/98A AU8120998A (en) 1997-06-23 1998-06-23 Electrically-conducting element
EP98930933A EP0991820A1 (fr) 1997-06-23 1998-06-23 Element electriquement conducteur
JP50401299A JP2002506494A (ja) 1997-06-23 1998-06-23 地質エンジニアリング構造物並びにその製造方法
GB9930073A GB2342363B (en) 1997-06-23 1998-06-23 Electrically-conducting element
HK00105704A HK1026930A1 (en) 1997-06-23 2000-09-11 Electrically-conducting element

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9713235.1A GB9713235D0 (en) 1997-06-23 1997-06-23 Electrically-conducting element
GB9713235.1 1997-06-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998059117A1 true WO1998059117A1 (fr) 1998-12-30

Family

ID=10814794

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/001841 WO1998059117A1 (fr) 1997-06-23 1998-06-23 Element electriquement conducteur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0991820A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002506494A (fr)
AU (1) AU8120998A (fr)
GB (3) GB9713235D0 (fr)
HK (1) HK1026930A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998059117A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001027396A1 (fr) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-19 Golder Sierra Llc Prevention de la liquefaction des sols meubles par electro-osmose pendant un tremblement de terre
WO2002002875A1 (fr) * 2000-07-05 2002-01-10 Newcastle University Ventures Limited Structure geosynthetique
US6736568B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2004-05-18 Newcastle University Ventures Limited Electro kinetic geosynthetic structure
WO2012096628A1 (fr) * 2011-01-11 2012-07-19 Creative Polymer Industries Pte Ltd Drains verticaux

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0323068D0 (en) 2003-10-01 2003-11-05 Nuground Ltd Dewatering treatment system and method
GB0329546D0 (en) * 2003-12-19 2004-01-28 Nuground Ltd Waste dewatering treatmwnt system and method
CN106759268B (zh) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-31 济南轨道交通集团有限公司 深层地铁车站维护结构渗流通道装置及方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB836555A (en) 1955-11-09 1960-06-01 Plastic Textile Access Ltd Improvements relating to the production of net or netlike fabrics by extrusion methods
GB969655A (fr) 1960-12-28 1964-09-16 Societe Anonyme Rical
DE2706193A1 (de) * 1975-01-29 1978-08-17 Tenge Hans Werner Anordnung von elektroden bei elektro- physikalischen verfahren
EP0087663A1 (fr) * 1982-02-16 1983-09-07 ELTAC Nogler & Daum KG Dispositif pour produire un champ électrique
DE3617958A1 (de) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-04 Junkosha Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Fuehler zur erfassung einer leckage einer elektrisch leitenden fluessigkeit
WO1995021965A1 (fr) 1994-02-10 1995-08-17 University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne Amelioration se rapportant a des materiaux geosynthetiques
WO1996033313A1 (fr) * 1995-04-15 1996-10-24 Jong Chun Kim Equipement de formation de drains destines au raffermissement de sols meubles, procede et structure de disposition de ces drains

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES465947A3 (es) * 1977-08-16 1978-09-16 Ici Ltd Perfeccionamientos en la fabricacion de bolsas de plastico.
GB2201632B (en) * 1987-01-21 1990-08-22 Netlon Ltd Drainage material and drainage core for a drainage system
SG76511A1 (en) * 1997-04-10 2000-11-21 Raswill Representative Pte Ltd A vertical drain

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB836555A (en) 1955-11-09 1960-06-01 Plastic Textile Access Ltd Improvements relating to the production of net or netlike fabrics by extrusion methods
GB969655A (fr) 1960-12-28 1964-09-16 Societe Anonyme Rical
DE2706193A1 (de) * 1975-01-29 1978-08-17 Tenge Hans Werner Anordnung von elektroden bei elektro- physikalischen verfahren
EP0087663A1 (fr) * 1982-02-16 1983-09-07 ELTAC Nogler & Daum KG Dispositif pour produire un champ électrique
DE3617958A1 (de) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-04 Junkosha Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Fuehler zur erfassung einer leckage einer elektrisch leitenden fluessigkeit
WO1995021965A1 (fr) 1994-02-10 1995-08-17 University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne Amelioration se rapportant a des materiaux geosynthetiques
WO1996033313A1 (fr) * 1995-04-15 1996-10-24 Jong Chun Kim Equipement de formation de drains destines au raffermissement de sols meubles, procede et structure de disposition de ces drains

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
C J F P JONES: "Geosynthetic Materials with Improved Reinforcement Capabilties", PROC. IS KYSHU , FUKUOKA , JAPAN, 12 November 1996 (1996-11-12), pages 9 - 18

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6736568B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2004-05-18 Newcastle University Ventures Limited Electro kinetic geosynthetic structure
US7150583B2 (en) 1998-12-23 2006-12-19 Newcastle University Ventures Limited Electro kinetic geosynthetic structure
WO2001027396A1 (fr) * 1999-10-07 2001-04-19 Golder Sierra Llc Prevention de la liquefaction des sols meubles par electro-osmose pendant un tremblement de terre
US6308135B1 (en) 1999-10-07 2001-10-23 Golder Sierra Llc Soil liquefaction prevention by electro-osmosis during an earthquake event
WO2002002875A1 (fr) * 2000-07-05 2002-01-10 Newcastle University Ventures Limited Structure geosynthetique
WO2012096628A1 (fr) * 2011-01-11 2012-07-19 Creative Polymer Industries Pte Ltd Drains verticaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2327686A (en) 1999-02-03
GB9930073D0 (en) 2000-02-09
GB2342363A (en) 2000-04-12
AU8120998A (en) 1999-01-04
HK1026930A1 (en) 2000-12-29
EP0991820A1 (fr) 2000-04-12
JP2002506494A (ja) 2002-02-26
GB9713235D0 (en) 1997-08-27
GB9813432D0 (en) 1998-08-19
GB2342363B (en) 2002-03-27

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