WO1998058350A2 - Method for compressing vertex position data of 3-d graphics model into multistage using predictive residual vector quantization - Google Patents
Method for compressing vertex position data of 3-d graphics model into multistage using predictive residual vector quantization Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998058350A2 WO1998058350A2 PCT/KR1998/000142 KR9800142W WO9858350A2 WO 1998058350 A2 WO1998058350 A2 WO 1998058350A2 KR 9800142 W KR9800142 W KR 9800142W WO 9858350 A2 WO9858350 A2 WO 9858350A2
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T9/00—Image coding
- G06T9/008—Vector quantisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of compressing a 3-D graphics model in order to efficiently store and transmit graphics information.
- the present invention relates to a method of compressing vertex position data of 3-D graphics model into multistage by repeatedly performing a process by which prediction errors of vertex position representing coordinates in a space among information for representing a 3-D graphics model are vector-quantized, the predictive residual signals are calculated and then vector-quantized.
- a 3-D graphics model is mainly represented by a polygonal mesh.
- the polygonal mesh is represented as a connectivity information between vertices each of which is connected to each other so as to form a triangle and a vertex position information on space.
- color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information are added thereto to create 3-D synthetic images.
- a method for compressing a 3-D graphics model is required in the art.
- 3-D graphics model employs a predictive coding method by which a current vertex position to be encoded is predicted using previously restored neighboring vertices, and the difference between the current vertex position and the predicted vertex position, the prediction error, is obtained and then quantized. Then, during a quantization, each component value of the predictive error along a horizontal x, a vertical y, and a depth z coordinate-axis is independently scalar-quantized.
- the compression method according to the present invention which is applied to an encoding and decoding apparatus of 3- D graphics models, includes the steps of: (1) obtaining predictive errors of vertex position and then vector-quantizing/compressing them; and (2) obtaining quantization errors, repeatedly performing vector-quantization process for the obtained quantization errors and then compressing them into multistage.
- FIGs. 1A and IB show constructions of an encoding and decoding apparatus of a 3-D graphics model according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a processing flow of a method for compressing vertex position data of 3-D graphics model.
- FIGs. 1A and IB show constructions of an encoding and decoding apparatus of a 3-D graphics model according to the present invention, in which a reference number "11" indicates a data extraction unit, "12" a vertex position encoding unit,
- the data extraction unit 11 extracts a vertex position information, a connectivity information, and a color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information from an inputted 3-D graphics model, and then sends them to the vertex position encoding unit 12, the connectivity information encoding unit 13, and the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit 14, respectively.
- the connectivity information encoding unit 13 encodes a connectivity information inputted from the data extraction unit 11 to send it to the vertex location encoding unit 12, the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit 14, and the entropy encoding unit 15.
- the vertex position encoding unit 12 encodes the vertex position inputted from the data extraction unit 11 to send it to the entropy encoding unit 15, using the encoded connectivity information inputted from the connectivity information encoding unit 13.
- the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit 14 encodes the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information inputted from the data extraction unit 11 to send it to the entropy encoding unit 15, using the encoded connectivity information inputted from the connectivity information encoding unit 13.
- the entropy encoding unit 15 encodes the encoded vertex position information, connectivity information, and color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information to transmit them to a decoding apparatus.
- the entropy decoding unit 16 in the decoding apparatus decodes bit streams inputted from the entropy decoding unit 15 to send them to the vertex position decoding unit 17, the connectivity information decoding unit 18, and the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate decoding unit 19.
- the connectivity information decoding unit 18 decodes the connectivity information inputted from the entropy decoding unit 16 to send it to the vertex position decoding unit 17, the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit 19, and the data construction unit 20.
- the vertex position decoding unit 17 decodes the vertex position information inputted from the entropy decoding unit 16 to send it to the data construction unit 20, using the decoded connectivity information inputted from the connectivity information decoding unit 18.
- the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate decoding unit 19 decodes the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information inputted from the entropy decoding unit 16 to send it to the data construction unit 20, using the decoded connectivity information inputted from the connectivity information decoding unit 18.
- the data construction unit 20 reconstructs data inputted from the vertex position decoding unit 17, the connectivity information decoding unit 18, and the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate decoding unit 19 into the 3-D graphics model and then sends it to the rendering unit 21.
- the rendering unit 21 uses the 3-D graphics model data inputted from the data construction unit 20 to create 3-D graphics model images.
- FIG. 2 is a processing flow of the method for compressing vertex position data of 3-D graphics model according to the present invention.
- Equation 1 k vertex positions are inputted in a given order (step 31) and then a current inputted vertex location X_ is predicted using previous restored neighboring vertex positions ⁇ X k ; k ⁇ n ⁇ as shown in Equation 1 (step 32).
- the difference between the inputted current vertex location and the predicted vertex position X tract is obtained as shown in Equation 2 (step 33).
- the obtained predictive error is treated as a single 3-D vector and quantized as shown in Equation 3 (step 34).
- Equation 3 represents a procedure of finding vectors having a minimum distortion for a given distortion criterion from a codebook, assuming that an encoder and a decoder have same codebooks, and a compression is accomplished by transmitting indexes of the vectors having a minimum distortion.
- Equation 4 the difference between the original vertex position and the vector-quantized vertex position, that is, residual signal representing quantization error is obtained, as shown in Equation 4 (step 35) and is vector-quantized again (step 36).
- the method of compressing a 3-D model vertex position predicts current vertex position to be encoded using previously restored neighboring vertex positions, finds the difference between the current vertex position and the predicted vertex position, and then vector-quantizes predictive error thereof treated as a 3-D vector.
- the compression method again vector-quantizes the difference between the original vertex position and the vector-quantized vertex position, that is, residual signal representing quantization error, and then expands this process into multistage.
- the compression method according to the present invention provides the advantages in that it can accomplish a high compression since it can vector-quantize predictive errors of vertex position itself treating them as a 3-D vector, unlike a conventional compression method in which each component value of predictive error of the vertex position is individually encoded, and it can adaptively cope with network environment with variable bandwidth such as Internet since it can control the amount of data transmission by adjusting the number of steps to be transmitted according to a network traffic, after vertex positions are vector-quantized and then quantization error signals generated therefrom are quantized into multistage.
- the compression method according to the present invention provides the advantage in that it can be efficiently applicable to the field of retrieving 3-D graphics model database since it can recognize rapidly an overall shape of a 3-D model at a first step during restoration and can restore gradually a better quality of 3-D model at subsequent processes.
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a vertex position multistage-compression method of 3-D graphics models using predictive residual vector quantization. It is an object of the present invention to provide a compression method for compressing vertex position data of a 3-D graphics model into multilevel by repeatedly performing a process by which predictive errors of vertex position are vector-quantized and then compressed, and the predictive residual signals are calculated and vector-quantized. To accomplish the object, the compression method according to the present invention, which is applied to an encoding and decoding apparatus of 3-D graphics models, includes (1) obtaining predictive errors of vertex position and then vector-quantizing/compressing them; and (2) obtaining quantization errors, repeatedly performing vector-quantization process for the obtained quantization errors and then compressing them into multistage.
Description
METHOD FOR COMPRESSING VERTEX POSITION DATA OF 3-D
GRAPHICS MODEL INTO MULTISTAGE USING PREDICTIVE
RESIDUAL VECTOR QUANTIZATION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of compressing a 3-D graphics model in order to efficiently store and transmit graphics information. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of compressing vertex position data of 3-D graphics model into multistage by repeatedly performing a process by which prediction errors of vertex position representing coordinates in a space among information for representing a 3-D graphics model are vector-quantized, the predictive residual signals are calculated and then vector-quantized. Information Disclosure Statement
Typically, a 3-D graphics model is mainly represented by a polygonal mesh. The polygonal mesh is represented as a connectivity information between vertices each of which is connected to each other so as to form a triangle and a vertex position information on space. Here, color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information are added thereto to create 3-D synthetic images. However, since these information generates a large amount of data, it causes a significantly increased cost in storing it into recording mediums and transmitting it over a network. Therefore, a method for compressing a 3-D graphics model is required in the art. A conventional method for compressing a vertex position information of a
3-D graphics model employs a predictive coding method by which a current vertex
position to be encoded is predicted using previously restored neighboring vertices, and the difference between the current vertex position and the predicted vertex position, the prediction error, is obtained and then quantized. Then, during a quantization, each component value of the predictive error along a horizontal x, a vertical y, and a depth z coordinate-axis is independently scalar-quantized.
Therefore, there was a problem that a high compression may not be obtained since it doe not efficiently makes use of redundancy existing between respective components of the predictive error.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to solve the problems involved in the prior art, and to provide a method for compressing vertex position data of a 3D graphics model into multistage by repeatedly performing a process by which predictive errors of vertex position of a 3-D graphics model are vector-quantized and then the predictive residual signals are calculated and vector-quantized.
In order to achieve the above object, the compression method according to the present invention, which is applied to an encoding and decoding apparatus of 3- D graphics models, includes the steps of: (1) obtaining predictive errors of vertex position and then vector-quantizing/compressing them; and (2) obtaining quantization errors, repeatedly performing vector-quantization process for the obtained quantization errors and then compressing them into multistage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For fuller understanding of the nature and object of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIGs. 1A and IB show constructions of an encoding and decoding apparatus of a 3-D graphics model according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a processing flow of a method for compressing vertex position data of 3-D graphics model.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts in the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Below, one preferred embodiment of the present invention will be explained in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIGs. 1A and IB show constructions of an encoding and decoding apparatus of a 3-D graphics model according to the present invention, in which a reference number "11" indicates a data extraction unit, "12" a vertex position encoding unit,
"13" a connectivity information encoding unit, "14" a color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit, "15" an entropy encoding unit, "16" an entropy decoding unit, "17" a vertex position decoding unit, "18" a connectivity encoding unit, "19" a color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit, "20" a data construction unit, and "21" a rendering unit, respectively.
The data extraction unit 11 extracts a vertex position information, a connectivity information, and a color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information from an inputted 3-D graphics model, and then sends them to the vertex position encoding unit 12, the connectivity information encoding unit 13, and the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit 14, respectively.
The connectivity information encoding unit 13 encodes a connectivity information inputted from the data extraction unit 11 to send it to the vertex location
encoding unit 12, the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit 14, and the entropy encoding unit 15.
The vertex position encoding unit 12 encodes the vertex position inputted from the data extraction unit 11 to send it to the entropy encoding unit 15, using the encoded connectivity information inputted from the connectivity information encoding unit 13.
The color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit 14 encodes the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information inputted from the data extraction unit 11 to send it to the entropy encoding unit 15, using the encoded connectivity information inputted from the connectivity information encoding unit 13.
The entropy encoding unit 15 encodes the encoded vertex position information, connectivity information, and color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information to transmit them to a decoding apparatus. The entropy decoding unit 16 in the decoding apparatus decodes bit streams inputted from the entropy decoding unit 15 to send them to the vertex position decoding unit 17, the connectivity information decoding unit 18, and the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate decoding unit 19.
The connectivity information decoding unit 18 decodes the connectivity information inputted from the entropy decoding unit 16 to send it to the vertex position decoding unit 17, the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate encoding unit 19, and the data construction unit 20.
The vertex position decoding unit 17 decodes the vertex position information inputted from the entropy decoding unit 16 to send it to the data construction unit 20, using the decoded connectivity information inputted from the connectivity information decoding unit 18.
The color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate decoding unit 19
decodes the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate information inputted from the entropy decoding unit 16 to send it to the data construction unit 20, using the decoded connectivity information inputted from the connectivity information decoding unit 18. The data construction unit 20 reconstructs data inputted from the vertex position decoding unit 17, the connectivity information decoding unit 18, and the color, normal vector and texture mapping coordinate decoding unit 19 into the 3-D graphics model and then sends it to the rendering unit 21.
The rendering unit 21 uses the 3-D graphics model data inputted from the data construction unit 20 to create 3-D graphics model images.
FIG. 2 is a processing flow of the method for compressing vertex position data of 3-D graphics model according to the present invention.
First, k vertex positions are inputted in a given order (step 31) and then a current inputted vertex location X_ is predicted using previous restored neighboring vertex positions {Xk ; k < n} as shown in Equation 1 (step 32). The difference between the inputted current vertex location and the predicted vertex position X„ is obtained as shown in Equation 2 (step 33). The obtained predictive error is treated as a single 3-D vector and quantized as shown in Equation 3 (step 34). At this time, Equation 3 represents a procedure of finding vectors having a minimum distortion for a given distortion criterion from a codebook, assuming that an encoder and a decoder have same codebooks, and a compression is accomplished by transmitting indexes of the vectors having a minimum distortion.
[Equation 1]
x - - >--'. 7 "-1 y J x.
[Equation 2]
X n - X n
[Equation 3]
A e Q ( e
1 n
Next, a process is performed in which the difference between the original vertex position and the vector-quantized vertex position, that is, residual signal representing quantization error is obtained, as shown in Equation 4 (step 35) and is vector-quantized again (step 36). [Equation 4]
Λ n, - e - e
Then, residual signals of each stage are obtained by performing the above steps 35 and 36, and vector-quantized until the number of stage reaches a given number m.
[Equation 5]
- e - e
After the m-th vector quantization is applied, restored vertex position can be obtained as shown in Equation 6 (step 37). [Equation 6]
X - X * e + e + * e
The method of compressing a 3-D model vertex position according to the present invention predicts current vertex position to be encoded using previously restored neighboring vertex positions, finds the difference between the current
vertex position and the predicted vertex position, and then vector-quantizes predictive error thereof treated as a 3-D vector. Next, the compression method again vector-quantizes the difference between the original vertex position and the vector-quantized vertex position, that is, residual signal representing quantization error, and then expands this process into multistage.
From the foregoing, the compression method according to the present invention provides the advantages in that it can accomplish a high compression since it can vector-quantize predictive errors of vertex position itself treating them as a 3-D vector, unlike a conventional compression method in which each component value of predictive error of the vertex position is individually encoded, and it can adaptively cope with network environment with variable bandwidth such as Internet since it can control the amount of data transmission by adjusting the number of steps to be transmitted according to a network traffic, after vertex positions are vector-quantized and then quantization error signals generated therefrom are quantized into multistage. In addition, unlike the conventional compression method in which all the encoded vertex positions have to be received so as to completely reconstruct 3-D graphics objects, the compression method according to the present invention provides the advantage in that it can be efficiently applicable to the field of retrieving 3-D graphics model database since it can recognize rapidly an overall shape of a 3-D model at a first step during restoration and can restore gradually a better quality of 3-D model at subsequent processes.
While the present invention has been described and illustrated herein with reference to the preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The foregoing description, although described in its preferred embodiment with a certain degree of particularity, is only illustrative of the principles of the
present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not to be limited to the preferred embodiments disclosed and illustrated herein. Accordingly, all expedient variations that may be made within the scope and the spirit of the present invention are to be encompassed as further embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A compression method adaptive to an encoding and decoding apparatus of 3-D graphics models, comprising the steps of:
(1) obtaining predictive errors of vertex position and then vector-quantizing and compressing said predictive errors obtained; and
(2) obtaining quantization errors, performing vector-quantization process for the obtained quantization errors and then compressing them into multistage.
2. A compression method as claimed in Claim 1, said step (1) comprising the steps of: (3) predicting current vertex position using previously reconstructed neighboring vertex positions after current vertex position is inputted; and
(4) obtaining the difference between the inputted current vertex position and the predicted vertex position, vector-quantizing the obtained predictive errors and then transmitting codebook indexes thereof.
3. A compression method as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, further comprising the step of:
(5) obt-iining residual signals representing quantization errors, the difference between original vertex positions and the vector-quantized vertex positions;
(6) vector-quantizing the residual signals and then transmitting codebook indexes thereof; and
(7) repeatedly performing said steps (5) and (6) at a given times and then compressing the residual signals into multistage.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1997/25559 | 1997-06-18 | ||
| KR1019970025559A KR19990002045A (en) | 1997-06-18 | 1997-06-18 | Vertex Position Multistage Compression Method of 3D Graphic Model Using Prediction Redundant Signal Vector Quantization |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO1998058350A2 true WO1998058350A2 (en) | 1998-12-23 |
| WO1998058350A3 WO1998058350A3 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR1998/000142 WO1998058350A2 (en) | 1997-06-18 | 1998-06-03 | Method for compressing vertex position data of 3-d graphics model into multistage using predictive residual vector quantization |
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| KR (1) | KR19990002045A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998058350A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102625126A (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-08-01 | 北京工业大学 | A 3D Mesh Coding Method Based on Prediction |
| US9621924B2 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2017-04-11 | Thomson Licensing | Vextex correction method and apparatus for rotated three-dimensional (3D) components |
| US9866840B2 (en) | 2013-01-10 | 2018-01-09 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for vertex error correction |
| US9928615B2 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2018-03-27 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for repetitive structure discovery based 3D model compression |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103297766B (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2016-12-14 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | The compression method of vertex data and device in a kind of 3 d image data |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5793371A (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1998-08-11 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for geometric compression of three-dimensional graphics data |
| JP2909616B2 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1999-06-23 | 株式会社超高速ネットワーク・コンピュータ技術研究所 | 3D shape display method |
-
1997
- 1997-06-18 KR KR1019970025559A patent/KR19990002045A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-06-03 WO PCT/KR1998/000142 patent/WO1998058350A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102625126A (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2012-08-01 | 北京工业大学 | A 3D Mesh Coding Method Based on Prediction |
| US9621924B2 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2017-04-11 | Thomson Licensing | Vextex correction method and apparatus for rotated three-dimensional (3D) components |
| US9928615B2 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2018-03-27 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for repetitive structure discovery based 3D model compression |
| US9866840B2 (en) | 2013-01-10 | 2018-01-09 | Thomson Licensing | Method and apparatus for vertex error correction |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR19990002045A (en) | 1999-01-15 |
| WO1998058350A3 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
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