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WO1998044992A1 - Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses - Google Patents

Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998044992A1
WO1998044992A1 PCT/EP1997/001797 EP9701797W WO9844992A1 WO 1998044992 A1 WO1998044992 A1 WO 1998044992A1 EP 9701797 W EP9701797 W EP 9701797W WO 9844992 A1 WO9844992 A1 WO 9844992A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
process according
electric arc
electrode
materials
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/001797
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eugenio Repetto
Domenico Capodilupo
Alessandro Dulcetti
Original Assignee
Acciai Speciali Terni S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acciai Speciali Terni S.P.A. filed Critical Acciai Speciali Terni S.P.A.
Priority to AT97920651T priority Critical patent/ATE219697T1/de
Priority to ES97920651T priority patent/ES2179328T3/es
Priority to EP97920651A priority patent/EP0975394B1/fr
Priority to AU26956/97A priority patent/AU2695697A/en
Priority to PCT/EP1997/001797 priority patent/WO1998044992A1/fr
Priority to DE69713626T priority patent/DE69713626T2/de
Publication of WO1998044992A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998044992A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/10—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
    • A62D3/19—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to plasma
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/32—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by treatment in molten chemical reagent, e.g. salts or metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
    • A62D2203/02—Combined processes involving two or more distinct steps covered by groups A62D3/10 - A62D3/40

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a process for eliminating hazardous materials, and more in particular regards a process for the thermal destruction of hazardous compounds, in particular of organic nature, for example, chlorinated compounds, such as PCBs, and materials polluted by such compounds.
  • the invention moreover refers to a device that is deemed to be optimal for carrying out said process.
  • STATE OF THE ART Industry uses, or produces as residue or by-products, compounds which are very harmful for the environment and for human health and which by now have accumulated in such large quantities that an adequate disposal thereof has become necessary. Many of such substances are moreover particularly stable, so that it is not possible to rely on their spontaneous degradation to form harmless, or at least less dangerous, products; indeed, frequently their products of scission are also extremely harmful.
  • a purpose of present invention is thus to provide a reliable process for destroying hazardous compounds, in particular those of organic nature, such as chlorinated aromatic molecules, like PCBs
  • Another purpose of this invention is also to guarantee that these pollutants, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, will be completely eliminated even in concentrations of up to 100%
  • Another purpose of the invention is to provide a simple and reliable device, operating with consolidated technologies, for putting the process into practice according to the invention
  • the process for the thermal destruction of hazardous materials is characterized in that the material itself is introduced into an electric-arc furnace of the type used in steelmaking, which contains a molten metal bath, for example of cast iron or steel, and in said furnace the material is at the same time subjected to the irradiating action of an electric arc, of the metal bath, which is kept at temperatures of above 1300°C, and preferably ranging from 1300°C to 1600°C, and of the walls of the furnace itself
  • the ratio between the internal free volume of the furnace and the volume of the metal bath is preferably between 5 1 and 2 1
  • internal free volume inside of the furnace is meant the internal volume of the furnace that is not occupied by the metal bath or by components such as electrodes, slag, and the like, i e , the volume that is effectively available for the gases developed by combustion of the materials to be destroyed
  • a high value of this ratio allows said combustion gases to remain inside the furnace, subjected to the action of intense heating of the electric arc, of the metal bath and
  • the material to be destroyed which may be liquid, gaseous, or solid (in small-sized pieces), is directly fed into the area of the electric arc, where there exist plasma conditions or conditions that may be plasma-like, through an electrode having an axial hole in which there is inserted, in such a way as to be free to move, a special lance that can, if necessary, be cooled.
  • the material to be destroyed is in solid form, in pieces of sizes that are too large to be introduced through the electrode, it can be fed in the furnace, using special means of loading, directly into the molten bath.
  • a true plasma by feeding in a suitable gas, for example nitrogen or argon, through an annular passage created between the internal walls of the electrode, provided with an axial hole, and the external walls of the lance that can move freely inside the electrode.
  • a suitable gas for example nitrogen or argon
  • the combined action of the arc, the molten bath and the walls of the furnace guarantees both a particularly high treatment temperature and an exposure time that is amply sufficient, as mentioned above, for the complete dissociation of the materials to be treated according to the invention.
  • an oxidizing atmosphere is generated by sending in air or oxygen to favour the transformation of the residue of combustion of the materials being treated into innocuous compounds or anyway compounds that may readily be treated using normal chemical means.
  • the device that allows the embodiment of the process according to the present invention is an ordinary electric-arc furnace, as used in steelmaking, suitably modified, by means of gas-tight sealing or operation in negative pressure, to prevent any gas leakage into the environment, and is characterized by the use of at least one electrode having an axial hole and carrying in said hole a cooled metal lance that is free to move axially for feeding in the material to be treated It is also possible to make an annular passage between said holed electrode and said lance that is free to move in said hole in order
  • this electrode has a mixed structure, with the lower part, which is closer to the molten bath and is expendable, made of graphite, and with the upper part made of metal and cooled by water
  • the furnace may also communicate with a gas-tight chamber equipped with devices for feeding into the furnace the materials that are to be treated, if these are solid and are of such a size or consistency as to prevent their introduction through the lance
  • the furnace according to the invention may be of the direct-current, single- electrode type and with conductive hearth

Landscapes

  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Afin de pouvoir détruire des matières dangereuses, comme par exemple des composés chlorés tels que des diphényles polychlorés (PCB), ou des matières polluées par de tels composés, il est proposé d'utiliser les possibilités technologiques de procédés hautes températures déjà connus, et d'utiliser notamment des technologies à production et capacité thermiques élevées, comme le traitement bien connu de bains à base de fer dans un four électrique, afin de conserver les matières polluantes et leurs dérivés de craquage et d'oxydation à des températures élevées, pendant une période suffisante, pour assurer leur destruction complète. Les produits terminaux du traitement de l'invention, lesquels contiennent encore des molécules agressives comme HCl, sont ultérieurement traités de manière classique, par exemple avec de l'hydroxyde de calcium.
PCT/EP1997/001797 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses WO1998044992A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT97920651T ATE219697T1 (de) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Verfahren zur thermischen zersetzung von schadstoffen
ES97920651T ES2179328T3 (es) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Proceso para la destruccion termica de materiales peligrosos.
EP97920651A EP0975394B1 (fr) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses
AU26956/97A AU2695697A (en) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Process for thermal destruction of hazardous materials
PCT/EP1997/001797 WO1998044992A1 (fr) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses
DE69713626T DE69713626T2 (de) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Verfahren zur thermischen zersetzung von schadstoffen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1997/001797 WO1998044992A1 (fr) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998044992A1 true WO1998044992A1 (fr) 1998-10-15

Family

ID=8166581

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1997/001797 WO1998044992A1 (fr) 1997-04-10 1997-04-10 Procede de destruction thermique de matieres dangereuses

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0975394B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE219697T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2695697A (fr)
DE (1) DE69713626T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2179328T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998044992A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4574714A (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-03-11 United States Steel Corporation Destruction of toxic chemicals
FR2689213A1 (fr) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-01 Trepaud Procédé et installation de vitrification de déchets.
WO1995004004A1 (fr) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-09 Europlasma Procede d'inertage par torche a plasma de produits contenant des metaux, en particulier des metaux lourds et installation pour sa mise en ×uvre
EP0713054A1 (fr) * 1993-08-10 1996-05-22 Adam Mikhailovich Gonopolsky Procede et dispositif de destruction thermique de dechets

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4574714A (en) * 1984-11-08 1986-03-11 United States Steel Corporation Destruction of toxic chemicals
FR2689213A1 (fr) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-01 Trepaud Procédé et installation de vitrification de déchets.
WO1995004004A1 (fr) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-09 Europlasma Procede d'inertage par torche a plasma de produits contenant des metaux, en particulier des metaux lourds et installation pour sa mise en ×uvre
EP0713054A1 (fr) * 1993-08-10 1996-05-22 Adam Mikhailovich Gonopolsky Procede et dispositif de destruction thermique de dechets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0975394A1 (fr) 2000-02-02
ATE219697T1 (de) 2002-07-15
ES2179328T3 (es) 2003-01-16
DE69713626D1 (de) 2002-08-01
DE69713626T2 (de) 2003-02-06
EP0975394B1 (fr) 2002-06-26
AU2695697A (en) 1998-10-30

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